AUD D#8 PM
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1 PROJECT MANUAL Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018 | Team Jeel American University in Dubai
Transcript of AUD D#8 PM
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PROJECT MANUAL
Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018 | Team Jeel American University in Dubai
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 2
3. RULES AND BUILDING CODE COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST .......................................................................................... 5
4. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
5. CONTESTS AND SPECIAL AWARDS REPORT .............................................................................................................. 8
5.1 ARCHITECTURE REPORT ............................................................................................................................................. 8
5.1.1 ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................... 8
5.1.2 LIGHTING DESIGN NARRATIVE ...................................................................................................................... 10
5.1.3 BIOCLIMATIC .................................................................................................................................................. 11
5.1.4 INNOVATION IN ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................................... 12
5.2 ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION REPORT ....................................................................................................... 14
5.2.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 14
5.2.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS ............................................................................................................................ 15
5.2.3 PLUMBING SYSTEM DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN ......................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.5 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.6 INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................... 18
5.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY REPORT .................................................................................................................................. 20
5.3.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 20
5.3.2 HOUSE ENVELOPE AND PASSIVE STRATEGY ................................................................................................ 23
5.3.3 ACTIVE SYSTEMS AND APPLIANCES .............................................................................................................. 25
5.3.4 SMART ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 31
5.3.5 BUILDING PERFORMANCE ENERGY SIMULATIONS ...................................................................................... 33
5.3.6 INNOVATION IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ....................................................................................... 33
5.3.7 AUTOMATION SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................... 34
5.3.8 AUTOMATION DEVICES ................................................................................................................................. 35
5.3.9 MONITORING DEVICES .................................................................................................................................. 36
5.3.10 TOUCH SCREEN ............................................................................................................................................ 37
5.3.11 REACT AND FREE@HOME INTEGRATION .................................................................................................... 37
5.4 COMMUNICATIONS REPORT .................................................................................................................................. 39
5.4.1 TEAM JEEL COMMUNICATIONS MISSION ..................................................................................................... 39
5.4.2 EVENTS SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................................................... 40
5.4.3 TEAM JEEL COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES AND CAMPAIGNS ................................................................... 40
2. Table of Contents
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5.4.4 TEAM JEEL TEAM PHOTOS.............................................................................................................................. 42
5.5 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ........................................................................................................................................... 43
5.5.1 SUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................................ 43
5.5.2 SUSTAINABILITY IN WATER .............................................................................................................................. 44
5.5.3 SUSTAINABILITY IN SOLID WASTE .................................................................................................................... 47
5.5.4 INNOVATION IN SUSTAINABILITY ................................................................................................................... 48
5.6 INNOVATIVE SPECIAL AWARD REPORT .................................................................................................................. 50
5.6.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 50
5.6.2 COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS FROM PV SOLAR SYSTEM ........................................................................... 50
5.6.2.1 PV Solar System Design .................................................................................................................................................. 50
5.6.2.2 Standard PV System Design .......................................................................................................................................... 50
5.6.2.3 JEEL Implemented System ............................................................................................................................................. 51
5.6.2.4 JEEL Advanced System .................................................................................................................................................. 54
5.6.3 DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 55
5.6.4 CIRCUITS & INDUSTRIAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................................. 55
5.6.4.1 JEEL System Advantages ............................................................................................................................................... 55
5.6.4.2 Industrial Impacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 56
5.6.5 JEEL INNOVATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 56
6.7 BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS ............................................................................................................. 57
6.7.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 57
6.7.2 PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 57
6.7.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS (AS-BUILT) ................................................................... 57
6.7.4 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER OUTPUT ................................................................................................................. 61
6.7.5 IMPROVEMENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 64
6.7.6 BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ............................................................. 65
5.8 INTERIOR DESIGN REPORT ........................................................................................................................................ 66
5.8.1 PLANNING ....................................................................................................................................................... 66
5.8.2 CONCEPT AND DESIGN ................................................................................................................................. 66
5.8.3 INNOVATION IN INTERIOR DESIGN AND CONCEPT .................................................................................... 70
6. SIMULATION REPORT ............................................................................................................................................... 71
6.1 COMPREHENSIVE HOUSE PERFORMANCE REPORT .............................................................................................. 71
6.1.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 71
6.1.2 CLIMATE DATA AND WEATHER ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 71
6.1.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEM) ........................................................................................................ 76
6.1.4 BRIEF SIMULATION DESCRIPTIONS AND TOOLS USED .................................................................................. 76
7.1.5 HVAC SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................................. 114
6.2 ELECTRICAL ENERGY BALANCE REPORT .............................................................................................................. 155
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6.2.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 155
6.2.2 PV SOLAR OUTPUTS ...................................................................................................................................... 158
6.2.3 SOUTH SYSTEM OUTPUTS .............................................................................................................................. 160
6.2.4 SOUTH ORIENTED SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................ 160
6.2.5 EAST AND WEST ORIENTED SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 161
6.2.6 SYSTEM OUTPUT ............................................................................................................................................ 169
6.2.7 CONTROL CIRCUIT ....................................................................................................................................... 170
6.2.8 REACT LIMITS ................................................................................................................................................. 200
6.2.9 PV OUTPUT AND HOUSE CONSUMPTION ................................................................................................... 200
6.2.10 IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS ....................................................................................................................... 204
6.2.11 ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS .................................................................................................................... 208
7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 210
7.1 TEAM COMPETITION STRATEGY ............................................................................................................................ 210
7.2 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND TEAM STRUCTURE ....................................................................................................... 210
7.3 COST ESTIMATE ....................................................................................................................................................... 214
7.4 PROJECT FUNDING PLAN ...................................................................................................................................... 215
8. DETAILED WATER BUDGET ...................................................................................................................................... 217
9. COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS AND SPONSORING COMPANIES ..................................................................... 218
10. TEAM OFFICIALS .................................................................................................................................................. 221
11. TEAM UNIFORM DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 223
17. DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................................ 225
18. PROJECT MEDIA APPEARANCES ......................................................................................................................... 228
14. CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................................................ 229
15. ANNEXES .............................................................................................................................................................. 230
ANNEX 1 GREY WATER SYSTEM DETAILS ..................................................................................................................... 230
ANNEX 2 STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 237
ANNEX 2.1 Load Calculations ............................................................................................................................. 237
ANNEX 2.2 House Design ..................................................................................................................................... 238
ANNEX 2.3 House Roof Design ............................................................................................................................ 238
ANNEX 2.4 House Foundation Slab Design ........................................................................................................ 239
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No. Rule Requirement Drawing(s)/ Report(s)
3-2 Team Officer List of Team Officers and their Contact Information Section 10
4-4 Footings Drawing(s) of the low impact footing system ST-001
4-13 Electrical Vehicles Drawing showing the parking area for the electrical vehicle PT-101
5-1 Solar Envelope Dimensioned drawing(s) showing the location of all house and site components and their relation with the solar envelope
RU-001
6-2 Architectural Footprint
Dimensioned drawing(s) showing Architectural Footing compliance
RU-201
6-2 Measurable Area Dimensioned drawing(s) showing Measurable Area compliance RU-101
6-3 Entrance and Exit Routes
Drawing(s) showing the accessible public tour route, specifying the entrance and exit of the house to a street of Dubai Solar Hai
PT-101
6-4 Minimum requirements
Drawings showing the workstation location S0-101
7-3 PV Equipment Eligibility
PV modules, inverters and interface protection equipment are included in the DEWA-Shams Dubai List of eligible equipment or the information for the elevation is supplied
Section 6.7
7-5 Inverters Drawings showing the AC side maximum power level of the grid-tied power inverter
PV101
7-6 Batteries Drawing showing the energy storage capacity of the batteries, as per the manufacturer specifications
PV-101
7-9 Desiccant Systems Drawing(s) describing the operation of the desiccant system and corresponding specifications
ME-001
8-1 Containers and their location
Drawing(s) showing the location of all the water tanks and their capacity
PL-001-111
8-5 Grey Water Specifications for greywater reuse systems Report Annex 1
11-4 Team Uniforms Drawing(s) showing the artwork, content, and design of the team uniform
Report Section 11
12-4 Public Tour Drawing(s) showing the public tour route, indicating the dimensions of any narrow area in the route, complying with the accessibility requirements
PT-001
PT-101
PT-201
Contest 5
House Functioning – Drying Method
Drawing(s) showing the clothes drying method and the place where the clothes were dried
NOT APPLICABLE – USED AIR DRYING
Contest 5
House Functioning – Appliances
Drawing showing the location of the appliances ID-005
3. Rules and Building Code Compliance Checklist
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Long known for the abundance of its oil reserves and its position as the lead producer of oil,
the Middle East is shifting its focus toward alternative and sustainable energy sources. The American
University in Dubai supports this vision, and is committed to pushing the boundaries of knowledge
toward clean energy technologies and promoting the generation of solar energy as an alternative
to oil. Among the different world regions, the Middle East, along with Australia, southwest Africa,
and Chile, possesses the highest global solar energy potential, which is represented by the high solar
irradiation available for energy generation.
generation (noun) || gen.er.a.tion | \ˌje-nә-ˈrā-shәn
1. a group of people existing around the same time : e.g., a
younger generation of leaders
2. production through transformation or creation : e.g.,
generation of electric power
The word “JEEL” in Arabic means “a generation of individuals”, which represents our
generation, a new generation of engineering and architecture students who are passionate about
sustainability and energy conservation as a lifestyle. “JEEL”, the name chosen for the American
University in Dubai (AUD) team participating in the Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018, is a reflection
of our commitment to preserving the environment by reducing greenhouse gases, while preserving
the Emirati culture and ensuring economic growth. The team consists of a diverse group of students,
from disciplines ranging from electrical, mechanical and computer engineering to civil engineering,
architecture, interior design, and visual communication.
The “JEEL” house aimed to set new benchmarks in the use of practical eco-friendly
technologies to address the key challenges associated with the competition, building upon the
knowledge and expertise of the students and faculty. The final design was the result of numerous
discussions, iterations, and improvements involving students from the different disciplines at various
stages of the project. The architectural design combines relevant traditional and modern elements
for sustainable and practical living. The circular elements of the external walls ensure minimization
of energy losses, as it maximizes floor area with respect to the peripheral surface.
The roof solar panel integrates photovoltaic panels and breathable cladding within the
building envelope, with both vertical and horizontal panels providing all-day solar exposure as well
as roof shading. The electrical system design makes use of DC energy storage through the
4. Introduction
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advanced REACT inverters, which are used for the first time in the region. The Free@Home
automation system allows for monitoring and control of the different power outlets, equipment and
appliances, and features a two-way communication interface with the inverters and electric
distribution system. The structure uses pre-cast elements that are manufactured to high quality
standards than elements cast on-site
The precast structural elements are easy to assemble, and are made of green concrete, with
maximum utilization of supplementary cementitious materials such as GGBS (ground granulated
blast-furnace slag), a low-carbon byproduct of the iron and steel making. The use of pre-stressed
hollow core slabs for the rooftop contributes to heat insulation while minimizing material usage and
installation time. The greywater treatment system has the capability to recycle greywater for non-
potable water supply usage. The “JEEL” house conforms to required design standards while
preserving the traditional elements of the Emirati culture such as the Dekka and Majlis. This blend of
sustainability, energy conservation, and modern hospitability provides peaceful space for practical
living, while protecting our planet resources for generations to come.
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5.1 ARCHITECTURE REPORT
5.1.1 ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN CONCEPTS
The JEEL house architecture is based on passive design principles that are intended to
increase comfort and livability while minimizing energy consumption and losses. The house is
constructed in a unique way to allow the west and east facing solar panels to harness energy early
in the morning and late in the afternoon, and horizontal (south facing) panels to maximize sunlight
capturing throughout the day. Furthermore, the use of curved exterior walls, in a circular arc pattern,
maximizes floor space in comparison to wall surface, which minimizes energy losses through heat
transfer.
The interior architecture takes into account several elements of the Emirati culture, with the
structure integrating typical local housing features. The design consists of a room, a kitchen, a Majlis
(sitting area for formal guests), a spacious bedroom with living space, a courtyard for family
gathering, and a Dekka for public meetings and for receiving guests. Based on the transformations
of the Emirati national House where the standard housing typology is composed of a series of rooms
overlooking a central square courtyard, the design is highly adaptable and can be transformed to
adapt to the different needs of Emirati and expatriate families’ lifestyles. The customizable nature
of the living space is shown in the drawing below (AR-1) which illustrates the transformation of the
conceptual design into 1) a large open living room, connected to the kitchen and Majlis; 2) a closed
living room that is open with respect to the bedroom; and 3) a closed bedroom and a closed living
room.
Figure AR-1. Customization of internal architecture.
5. Contests and Special Awards Report
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The conceptual prototype allows sociable interaction integrating both interior and exterior
worlds, and maintaining the house private and public features. The main link between the interior
and exterior of the house is the Dekka, which leads to the Majlis, one of the cornerstones of Emirati
culture. For decades, friends, neighbors and families gathered in the Majlis during sunset and
shared common interests. It is referred to as the public living room, where visitors are welcomed.
Moreover, the Majlis is used as dining space for guests, which is reflected in the JEEL house design.
As indicated on the plans, the Majlis is the closest to the Dekka, as it is the first room to be accessed
from the outside. The kitchen is conveniently located next to the Majlis, with the bathroom in close
proximity for easy access. The semi-private living room and the private bedroom are separated
from the Majlis and kitchen with a door. The spatial organization takes into consideration the
public/private division of space, a crucial element in the local Emirati culture.
Another element typical of the Emirati housing culture is the central courtyard. Prior to the
introduction of air conditioning, adaptation to the hot and humid weather was a necessity for Emirati
living. The courtyard was a semi-private or private open space at the center of the house, and acts
as passive ventilation system for the house. The architecture prototype provides for such privacy
through the optional incorporation of vertical louvers to define the internal space between the
Dekka and the bedroom. This optional feature was not incorporated in the final design of the JEEL
house, since this high level of privacy is not needed.
Due to additional requirements and constraints set by the competition, the concept design
was adapted to accommodate the electric and mechanical systems. Specifically, the need to
have a rectangular space for the electrical-mechanical room necessitated the provision of a square
angle at the southwest corner of the building, which provides a transition between the cylindrical
shape of the habitable space and the cubic form of the photovoltaic panels. The Islamic
architecture of the north and south panels also provides contrast and linkage between the
cylindrical and cubic forms (see fig. AR-2).
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Figure AR-2. Final design, incorporating cylindrical and cubic forms
5.1.2 LIGHTING DESIGN NARRATIVE
Lighting design is a crucial part of the building architecture, as it plays a role in the overall
energy consumption, and with the comfort of the people occupying the space. The location of the
courtyard on the north provides subtle natural light to the Majlis and the kitchen, while clerestory
windows also contribute to the natural lighting of the house. In addition, wooden louvers that are
placed optionally in the summer serve as a protection from the sun and define the courtyard (only
footprint shown in fig. AR-2, in front of the courtyard). When it comes to night lighting, and through
energy conservation, interior and exterior lighting was provided through environmentally friendly LED
lights. The design of the lighting system is done through the application Dialux. This software
application provides 3D view, overview of the project, variety of lighting options, and ability of
placing objects inside the house. The main benefit of this application is that it provides calculation
of the flux, which is an element of the competition.
Following best practices, waterproof lights are used inside the bathroom, similar to the lights
that are installed outdoor. For the indoor lighting, lights that have high luminance, high output ratio,
and low power are used. Figure AR-3 shows the indoors lighting design. The illuminance for the
heavily used areas inside the house, namely the kitchen, the bathroom, and the living room, can be
above 300 lx, if needed.
One important consideration in the design is power consumption, especially when a minimum
illuminance is required. The total power consumed by the lights, when all lights are turned on, is
408w. Therefore, energy saving measures such as reliance on daylight and use of adjustable lighting
switches could help save energy. One important point to notice is that the average flux between
25 lx and 100 lx for the bedroom and the living room provides enough comfort.
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Figure AR-3: 3D Top View of the indoor house lighting simulation and flux calculation
5.1.3 BIOCLIMATIC
The use of reflective colors and surfaces help treat the house and protect it from the summer
heat. Trees and vegetation can help reduce urban heat island effects by shading building surfaces,
deflecting radiation from the sun, and releasing moisture into the atmosphere. The presence of the
horizontal and vertical solar panels on the roof, along with the breathable Islamic art panels, provide
significant roof ventilation and shading in the summer months, as shown in fig. AR-4 below.
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5.1.4 INNOVATION IN ARCHITECTURE
The JEEL house integrates elements of traditional Emirati culture and modern architecture.
The curved walls provide a distinctive design that is rooted in the concepts of energy conservation
through minimization of the building envelope. The wall material consists of gypsum board for
internal partitions and cement boards for external walls. An insulation layer of rock-wool is used in
between the cement and gypsum board. The walls are not part of the house structural system,
and can be modified at any time without affecting the structural integrity of the house. The
materials used are lighter, easier and faster to install, while keeping the functionality of the house.
The JEEL house is also designed within a tight building envelope, which allows for heat and
sound insulation. The cubic or square building top contrasts with the circular elements of the livable
area, which accentuates the solar energy integration with the architecture. The placement of the
east and west facing solar panels in a vertical fashion, along with the Islamic art panels on the
north and south sides, provide a shield against sun and heat, especially in the summer months. The
breathable region underneath the horizontal panels increases the ventilation and temperature
regulation on the roof during the summer months.
The south elevation of the building consists of a solid wall, providing a “shield” against heat
and sun exposure in the summer, with only two windows for natural lighting. The harsh weather
conditions in the summer require such shielding on the south, with the north façade of the building
providing a sense of welcoming. The use of hollow core slabs for the roof provides heat insulation,
minimizes weight, and facilitates assembly and disassembly.
Figure AR-4. Ventilation and shading provided by the solar panels during summer days.
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The original building or “seed” can be changed and expanded according to the increase in
number of family members, a traditional practice where different generations of the family live within
the same housing complex. A main element that was taken into consideration in the design is the
Dekka, the public meeting area that is also used in this case as the connecting element for a growing
community. The modification is explained in the figure below (AR-5).
By allowing modular flexibility, horizontal growth is an integral part of the design, and can be
incorporated at any later stage. Vertical growth is also an option for high-density communities.
However, it requires proper planning ahead of construction, and is not suitable for traditional Emirati
families. Taking into consideration the future generations the JEEL house can be easily integrated
within the urban fabric of Dubai, as well its more rural side, where villas and houses are still the main
typologies. According to the density of the users and the needs for space, the modular system
functions through superposition, and layering.
Figure AR-5. Modular expansion of the architectural prototype.
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5.2 ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION REPORT
5.2.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The structural system of the Jeel House consists of four main structural elements. The first
element is the cast in situ foundation slab. The foundation slab acts as both the foundation and the
floor slab. The foundation slab carried the pre-cast columns, beams and the roof slabs. The
columns were erected on the foundation slab, the beams were simply supported on the columns
and the roof slabs were rested on the beams. The roof slab consists of 10 hollow core pre-cast
slabs.
When using pre-cast concrete elements for a small structure, typicality is preferred. Having
one section for all the beams makes it faster and cheaper to pre-fabricate the beams as it would
only require one mold instead of multiple molds. Therefore, the structural design of the beam and
column cross sections for the Jeel house was based on the highest loaded elements. In order to
design the columns, the column carrying the largest load was analyzed and designed. All other
columns were cast with the same cross section, which is 400 x 250 mm. The same approach was
used to design the beams. The beam carrying the most load and having the largest span was
analyzed and designed. As for the hollow core slabs, two spans were used for the construction of
the house. The larger span of 10m (noth to south) was used to design the hollow core slab. The
hollow core slabs are 1.2m wide and 265mm thick. The roof slabs are designed to carry the loads
from the solar panels that are resting on the frames. Cross sections of the hollow core slab and the
column are shown below.
The elements’ connections had to be designed in a way to ensure having maximum
functionality, feasible construction and easy assembly and disassembly. The connections for the
Jeel house were designed based on the three factors mentioned above. The design chosen
consists of dowel connections and filling the dowel sleeves with grout. Using such design is the most
appropriate as it ensures having a stable design while maintaining the ease of assembling and
disassembling.
The walls of the house are all non-load bearing walls. The walls consist of cement boards for
the exterior and gypsum boards for the interior. Rockwool is used for insulation of the walls. The
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walls of the bathroom are waterproofed. Fire rated boards are used for the electric room walls.
The use of cement boards for the walls allows for flexibility in construction, as they can be easily
shaped and curved. Such design ensures keeping the functionality of the house while keeping it
sustainable both environmentally and financially.
5.2.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
The construction process was carried out using a cast in situ foundation slab and precast
concrete elements. The initial process entailed casting early strength concrete for the foundation
slab. Since pre-cast elements are being used, it is important to make sure that the dowels coming
out from the foundation slab has the right length for the column to be attached to it. After the
foundation slab is set, the columns are erected on the foundation slab and the dowels from the
slab are installed inside the dowel sleeves in the columns. The dowel sleeves are then filled with
grout to ensure a fixed and stable connection. The beams are then connected to the columns
using dowels connections. The hollow core slabs are then rested on the beams to act as the roof
slabs of the house.
The walls of the building are all non-load bearing. Openings for windows and doors are cut
on the boards before installation. The construction process of the boards involves erecting the
metal studs, installing the pipes and electrical conduits, insulation, and placement of the cement
and gypsum boards. The next stage of construction entails the placement of the solar panels on
the roof of the house. To do so, the panels are supported on stable and portable metal frames.
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5.2.3 PLUMBING SYSTEM DESIGN
Team Jeel recognizes the difference between the building’s ability to satisfy peak water
demand and its water efficiency to reduce the building’s average water consumption. It is
designed according to popular standards including 2015 International Residential Code – Chapter
29 and ASME A.112.18.1 to assure maximum required cold and hot water is safely and consistently
delivered to each individual fixture. According to DEWA’s Guidelines for New Development
Project, a typical resident consumes 250-400 liter per capita – day. The team achieved average
aggregate water consumption of 480 Liter per day (160 Liter per capita – day) using the best water
efficient fixtures and appliances with water demand considerably below baselines set by LEED
rating system. The house includes 1 showerhead, 1 kitchen faucet, 1 laundry faucet and 1
greywater faucet for the yard. The water treatment system called Biopipe with maximum
treatment capacity of 1 m3 per day accommodates the building to reduce its water demand.
Considering Dubai’s total annual precipitation of 100 mm and annual runoff volume of 6 m3, using
rainwater-harvesting system was not identified as a sustainable approach considering the material
usage as opposed to very limited water conservation achievement. A flat plate direct and passive
solar water heating system with 2 m2 effective area and a 200-liter tank is integrated in the Jeel’s
plumbing system to reduce its energy demand. The water treatment system used in the Jeel house
is one of the most innovative and advanced systems in the marker. It can treat both grey and
black water. Having a treatment system in the house is more efficient than a sand filter and can
treat larger volumes of water per day.
5.2.4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN
The project is intended to put solar panels on the roof top for power generation. The solar
panels were installed on the roof & solar DB was installed in the electric room. The distribution
board considered complies with the requirements of BS EN 60439-1:1999 and shall be standard
"Row" DB or Form 2 construction. The DB considered shall be of totally enclosed, dust, damp and
corrosion proof type.
Earth leakage protection considered shall be by means of Residual Current Devices, (RCD)
or current operated Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB). The sensitivities shall be as per DEWA
Regulations. We have considered that main cable shall be XLPE/SWA/LSF 0.6/1kV cables.
Grounding is one of the measures applied for earth leakage protection. Grounding is connecting
the circuit to ground as safety path for current when a fault happens in the circuit. Grounding is
done to protect the connected circuit from getting damaged, and from fire hazard. To calculate
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the grounding resistance, the longest wire in the system was chosen to check the highest
resistance of the DB system
PVC insulated stranded copper to BS 6004 were used for wiring installation. All wiring shall be
in phase colors throughout - Red, Yellow, Blue, with Black for neutral conductors. The Earth
Continuity Conductors included an outer serving of yellow and green stripes. We have considered
all Items to be earthed which include exposed conductive parts of electrical and air conditioning
equipment, water and gas pipes, water heaters, metallic sink units, cooking appliances, food
storage and display units, light fittings and water coolers.
Maintenance & Repair: Estimate and simulate equipment condition over time to assess
downtime risks & Include parts replacement – repair if required on a timely manner, system
adjustments, and cleaning whenever required. Conducting Electrical tests on a regular basis.
Switches and switch socket outlets are positioned to avoid accidental damage or danger
from water spray and vapor or other hazards arising from food preparation processes. Switches
were located remote from wash basins and sinks. All switches and switch sockets are compatible
with DEWA regulations. All the following tests were conducted once complete system is installed:
insulation resistance test between conductors and earth; earth continuity tests; earth resistance
measurement verification of polarity; ring circuit continuity test; operational tests on all equipment
and relays; ELCB tests.
5.2.5 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DESIGN
JEEL electrical design ensures compliance to relevant standards and policies. The design
took into consideration the location of each electrical apparatus ensured minimum cable length is
used to reduce the electrical losses (the closer the appliances to the feeding nodes, the lower is
the electrical losses). Furthermore, the electrical design ensured adequate access to all electrical
equipment such as distribution boards, inverters, solar panels and disconnectors.
JEEL solar system design took into consideration the sun orientation for Dubai throughout the
year. As the sun varies throughout the day, the input to the inverter changes which reflect on the
AC output. To maximize the output of the system, JEEL team chooses multiple inverters along with
numerous PV solar arrays with different orientations. The design took into consideration the safety
aspect of the design by choosing the appropriate protection devices. The system also took into
consideration the wiring layout to lower the system losses and maximize the efficiency of the
system.
The solar system was designed to exceed the house calculated maximum demand of
18.6MWh per year. The solar is designed to maximize the PV power to the inverter (placing almost
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vertical panels facing east and west). The proposed orientations maximize the house PV
generation. The details of the inverters and PV panels can be found in the PV checklist. To ensure
maximum system output is always maintained, cleaning activities of the PV panels form one of the
main maintenance activities. The final design includes the full maintenance specification for the
entire system including the earthing, inverters and PV panels. The PV panels consist of 54
Photovoltaic modules with the following parameters:
Each panel is 1m by 2m
36 are placed on the rooftop oriented to the South
9 are placed parallel to the East façade
9 are placed parallel to West façade
The PV panels are chosen from DEWA approved equipment list to ensure system compliance to
relevant regulation, while the inverters were approved for use by SDME after a request from JEEL
Team.
5.2.6 INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
Using pre-cast concrete for construction is an innovative way to ensure fast construction,
reduce the construction cost, and provide quality assurance for a structure that is durable. The use
of pre-cast concrete is also a more sustainable alternative to case-in-place concrete. Since the
casting of the pre-cast elements is controlled, it uses almost 30% less concrete than cast in-situ
concrete. Supplementary cementitious materials – up to 30% GGBS – are used instead of ordinary
Portland cement, which dramatically reduces the environmental impact of the construction
process. This “green concrete” is more eco-friendly and reduces the carbon footprint of the
structure.
The pre-stressed hollow core slab has many advantages over conventional one-way slabs.
It is an innovative technology that saves time as well as provides the required strength, stability and
serviceability. It is also designed to reduce thermal and sound conductivity. The use of hollow core
slabs allows having larger span length and having thinner decks, thus using less concrete due to
the thinner deck and the voids in the slab.
The water treatment system used in the Jeel house is one of the most innovative and
advanced systems in the market. It can treat both grey and black water, although black water
treatment is outside the scope of the competition. Having a treatment system in the house is more
efficient than a sand filter and can treat larger volumes of water per day. By using UV and choline
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disinfection systems, along with the micro-filtering technology, reuse of the water for dishwashing,
showering, and washing clothes is possible.
The use of vertical panels ensures that generation of solar energy is maximized even in early
morning and late afternoon, without the need for motorized solar panels frames. Although both
systems ensure power generation over longer hours throughout the day, our design does not
require any motorized motion, which means that no energy is required for the operation of the
photovoltaic system.
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5.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY REPORT
5.3.1 INTRODUCTION
JEEL design advances the energy efficiency throughout the house. The design captures the
house materials to reduce the energy dissipation while maintaining adequate sunlight throughout
the house. Furthermore, the novel proposal for the PV solar system ensures maximum output of the
chosen inverter systems for a longer period throughout the day. This section focuses on the energy
efficiency measures for the design from an electrical and CO2 point of view. To highlight the
advanced energy efficiency of the house, the following steps were followed:
Computation of the yearly energy consumption for a standard house with similar
characteristics (the results are shown in figure 5.3.1)
Computation of the yearly energy consumption for the same house with JEEL design to
reduce energy dissipation (the results are shown in figure 5.3.2)
Compute the CO2 for each house (the results are shown in table 5.3.1)
Compute the solar system output (the results are shown in figure 3) along with its CO2
equivalent (the results are shown in figure 5.3.4)
Figure 5.3.1: Yearly electrical consumption for a standard house
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Figure 5.3.2: Yearly electrical consumption with JEEL design
Table 5.3.1 below shows the CO2 generated by the designed house as well as the CO2 saved by
the installed PV solar system. Fig. 5.3.4 also includes the natural gas assessment. It is clearly shown
that the installed PV solar system compensates for the house carbon footprint and reduces it to a
negative value.
Table 5.3.1. CO2 generation comparison
Standard House JEEL Design Proposal
Energy Source BTU CO2 lb. BTU CO2 lb.
Coal 70,928,734 14,753,177 63,464,333 13,200,581
Natural Gas 70,928,734 8,298,662 63,464,333 7,425,327
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Figure 5.3.3. PV Solar Output
Figure 5.3.4: Carbon Footprint for a standard house, JEEL design and solar system
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It is clearly shown in the above analysis that the JEEL house reduces the house’s electrical
energy consumption by 2.19MWh/year which equates to saving 1,554,298.92 CO2 lb. Furthermore,
the designed solar system compensates for the carbon footprint of the house. The deigned house
represents a zero-emission house.
5.3.2 HOUSE ENVELOPE AND PASSIVE STRATEGY
The JEEL house design incorporates innovative strategies to minimize the lighting and thermal load
requirements. The well thought out design focuses on the local climate prioritizing the summer
months when the sun is at its hottest during the afternoons. During the summer months the sun is
very close to 90 degrees on the Azimuth ranging from 73-86 degrees as below:-
Figure 5.3.6: Sun position in June
Such a scenario called for maximum shielding of the house from the sun. The design thus has the
hollow core concrete slab roof act as a cap on top shielding the entire house from the sun as per
figure 5.3.7.
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Figure 5.3.7: 3D rendering of the south portion of the house
The house is also designed as such to ensure the north side of the house is always shaded from the
sun on the south due to the roof cap on top.
The below figure shows a 3D rendering of the completely shaded north side of the house with the
sun on natural south:-
Figure 5.3.8: 3D rendering of the shaded north portion of the house
The JEEL house has circular walls which require less wall area compared to the floor area covered
which further decreases the exposed wall on the south side to the sun during early mornings and
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late afternoons. For reducing the lighting loads the JEEL house has ample windows. The three
patios doors on the north are always shaded yet capture sufficient light to maintain lux levels
above 500 at all times during the day as per the competition data. Furthermore the majlis, kitchen
and bedroom windows ensure there are no dark areas in the house. To save on the HVAC load
the patio doors in the majlis, and kitchen are double glazed and the windows in majlis, kitchen and
bedroom are double glazed too. Moreover, the patios doors and windows in the kitchen and
majlis are so positioned to allow maximum passage of cool wind throughout the house.
The Roof of the JEEL house as mentioned is hollow core slab with further waterproof
insulation, foam and crushed rock on top to minimize the heat transfer from the roof to the house
below. The walls of the house contain half inch permabase cement board, five eight of an inch
fire shield gypsum board, two five eight of an inch fire shield gypsum board and the rest of the
space is taken by the mineral wool and rock wool insulation. The R values are given in the below
table:-
Table 5.3.2: R values of the different materials used for the walls
The total R value comes out to be approximately close to 20.
The solar panel design on top of the roof is setup in such a way that there is no direct
contact of the sunrays to the roof, since the panels act as shade shields as per figure 5.3.8. The
panels are cooled due to the hot air rising and escaping out due to the closed structure. The
supporting frames are wooden which ensure that the ambient environment is cool for the panels
as opposed to the standard practice of metal frames.
5.3.3 ACTIVE SYSTEMS AND APPLIANCES
The HVAC design of the JEEL house uses locally available energy efficient solutions to fit the
purpose of the house. The detailed simulation for the HVAC is included later in this report under the
“Building Performance Simulations” section. A brief overview of the HVAC is considered here. The
HVAC consists of two wall mounted Split air conditioning units of manufacturer Daikin. The air
Material R value
Rock Wool Insulation 3.3/per inch,total of 5 inch
Half inch Gypsum Baord 0.448/inch
Half inch Cement Board 0.4/inch
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conditioning consist of 2 tonnage split unit that cooled the Majlis and the kitchen and a 1.5
tonnage split unit for the bedroom and vented electric room. The air conditioning units by Daikin
use R32 refrigerant as opposed to the R410A standard thereby reducing the environmental impact
by 68% and increasing the energy efficiency. The dimensions of the units are as in the below
table:-
Table 5.3.3:- Shows the dimensions of the air conditioning units
Location Indoor Dimension (mm)
(MM) Weight
Outdoor Dimension (mm)
Weight
H W D kg H W D kg
Bedroom 340 1050 259 15 695 930 350 46
Majlis+Kitchen 340 1050 259 15 695 930 350 49
The HVAC units can be controlled from the ABB Free@home automation system. The room
temperature controller in communication with contactor switches off the outdoor unit once the
room temperature reaches the desired temperature. The ABB Free@home automation system is
explained in detail in the automation report.
The lighting is another key component of a sustainable home. Energy efficient lighting is a
cornerstone of the JEEL house. The lighting fixtures were chosen on cost efficiency and locally
available criteria along with the blend of the interior design of the house. The JEEL team used the
highest energy efficient Philips LED`s that use 25%-80% less energy compared to classic
incandescent bulbs, for the lighting of the house. Warm white was chosen to be the color of the
LED`s to give a comfortable feeling to the house. Dialux was used to simulate the lighting
conditions and decide on the fixtures. The table below gives the details of the lighting fixtures, the
location, the wattage and types of LED`s used:-
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Table 5.3.4:- Shows the lighting fixtures details
Name of the Fixture Type of LED Quantity Total
Wattage Location
MOLNIG
E14‐ 8W*7 and E27 13W*3 10 95W
Kitchen and Majlis
HEKTAR
E14‐ 8W 1 8W Majlis
HEKTAR
GU10‐5.3W 3 15.9W Majlis
NYMANE
GU10‐5.3W 4 21.2W Kitchen and Bedroom
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NYMANE
GU10‐5.3W 4 21.2W Kitchen
OSTANA
GU10‐5.3W 4 21.2W Kitchen and Bathroom
NYMANE
GU10‐5.3W 1 5.3W Bedroom
VITEMOLLA
E27 10W 3 30W Bathroom and Electric Room
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Outdoor wall motion sensor fixtures
E27 10W 6 60W Outdoor
Outdoor wall fixtures west side E27 10W 2 20W Outdoor
Outdoor Entrance fixtures
E27 10W 2 20W Outdoor
The lighting has smart integration with the automation system, controllable from the mobile
device and the touchscreen near the entrance of the house as well.
The JEEL team used the Ferroli solar water heater for the hot water system. The solar water
heater uses high efficiency solar collectors insulated with high density rock wool, and ventilation
slits to prevent internal condensate. The above makes sure that solar heat is trapped efficiently.
The water inlet temperature is measured so as to make use of the boiler only when needed thus
increasing efficiency. The dimensions are width L- 1720mm, depth P- 2500mm and height H-
1650mm below figure shows the dimension marking:-
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Figure 5.3.9: Solar water heater dimension marking
The appliances in the JEEL house are chosen to the highest standards. The appliances are
also chosen with a cost efficient view. Local availability was also a determining factor in choosing
the appliances. Furthermore if appliances of only BOSCH manufacturing were considered the JEEL
team could have achieved full automation functionality of the appliances, i.e. scheduling the
appliances compatibility would be achieved at a complete level. The complete details of the
appliances can be found in the datasheets attached at the end of the deliverable.
The appliances table with the instantaneous power is as below:-
Table 5:- Shows the appliances details
ITEM MODEL Power Consumption
Refrigerator + freezer Hitachi RV440PUK3KSLS Fridge Freezer
(440L, Silver) 329kWh/Year
Dish washer Clikon Standing Dishwasher CK610 White 1850W
Cooktop BOMPANI 1800W big burner and 1200W
small burner BO263PE/E‐ 30 CM CERAMIC BUILT IN HOB
Oven Beko BIE 22100 XC Multifunction Built‐In
Oven Silver
2400W
Washer Bosch WAK20200GC Washing Machine 174kWh/Year
TV (Sony KDL‐ 32R300C bravia)
SONY TV KDL‐32R300E 39W
Microwave PANASONIC NNST34 1300W
Greywater System Biopipe 3.05kWh/day
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5.3.4 SMART ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The JEEL house is home to the REACT inverter battery hybrid system produced by ABB. The JEEL
team was able to configure and install the system for the first time in the middle east. The
system incorporates three REACT`s (inverters)- REACT A, REACT B, REACT C and seven batteries
of 2kWh each for a total of 14kWh storage capacity. Each of the REACT`s have a unique IP
address that is used for identification on the router. Each REACT is connected to 18 solar
panels. Each REACT has the capability to display the following:-
The energy produced from the solar panels
The energy imported from the grid
The energy exported to the grid
Energy consumed by the house generated by the panels
Energy consumed by the house generated by the batteries
Energy charged into the battery
A minute by minute update of the entire system
The followings figures are the graphs of the REACT system(A,B,and C) on 25th November a typical
competition day, all appliances run from 12p.m. onwards and complete the full cycle.
Figure 5.3.10: REACT A on 25 November
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Figure 5.3.11: REACT B on 25 November
Figure 5.3.12: REACT C on 25 November
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The REACT also has the capability to show the complete energy generation consumption
graphs for the last 30 days. As per the graphs above it is very clear the time at which all
appliances were running together, thus maximum load as per the spike at 1:40 approx. Further we
can see that the period from 9-11 has significant consumption relating to the car charger since all
appliances only were after 12p.m. That the panels generate enough to sustain the entire house
and load much more as evident by the extra energy sent to the grid after 2p.m. in REACT B and
the energy used to charge the battery in REACT C. A simple calculation shows the consumed
energy of the house to be 24.9kWh. Furthermore the REACT A, REACT B and REACT C show the
discharge of the batteries after 6p.m. to sustain the energy requirements of the house.
5.3.5 BUILDING PERFORMANCE ENERGY SIMULATIONS
Energy analysis is the key to an almost perfect energy system, regardless of
the type of the system. There are many objectives to perform energy analysis, the most
common and most important objective is to optimize the system and reduce energy
consumption. For the mechanical team, energy analysis was performed on the HVAC
system. The main objective of this was to decrease as much as possible the electric
consumption of the HVAC system.as for the electrical point of, JEEL design advances the
energy efficiency throughout the house. The design captures the house materials to
reduce the energy dissipation while maintaining adequate sunlight throughout the house.
Furthermore, the novel proposal for the PV solar system ensures maximum output of the
chosen inverter systems for a longer period throughout the day.
5.3.6 INNOVATION IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Renewable energy is becoming an essential element when it comes to greenhouse issues
mitigations. To aid in reducing the CO2 emission into the environment, numerous governments
support individual investments in solar system on their residential rooftop. Energy management is a
key element for higher system efficiency. The energy management includes energy measurement
for more advance electrical distribution for the PV generated electric power. This report concludes
JEEL innovation for energy efficiency measurement. The works highlight JEEL approach for
advance measurements to increase the system efficiency.
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JEEL high efficient system ensures maximum usage of the generated PV power at the house.
The tasks is achieved by measuring and controlling the electric loads at the house. Maximizing the
usage of generated energies lower the required grid inputs, which lower the CO2 into the
environment. In addition, exporting and importing power has system losses due to I2R, which is
reduced with JEEL implemented concept.
JEEL uses REACT system along with Free@home automation system, which allows for wireless
communication between the generations and consumption measurements. The system measures
the generated energy and set the priority for the house as follows:
1. First priority for the house consumption
2. Second priority for the energy storage
3. The surplus power is fed to the grid.
JEEL implements load shifting concept to ensure the sun supports all required activities
where applicable. For example, if the measured generation is high, the automation system shifts
the washing activities (as an example) to avoid feeding into the grid.
These activities could have been impossible without the aid of high efficient measurement process.
JEEL considers high-energy efficiency measurements achieved when the house required
power is fully supported by the solar energy. JEEL innovations exists in the followings:
• Adequate measurements of generated power to ensure load shifting is achieved
• Adequate measurements of load consumption to ensure house loading is spread to suit the PV generation
• Lower the imported energy from the grid and maximize the used of generation energy
• The system reduces the power system losses, its complexity and reduce the CO2 impact on the environment
5.3.7 AUTOMATION SYSTEM
The ABB-free@home system for the JEEL home has a wide variety of applications in and
around the house that are incredibly simple to use. These include:
Controlling Lights: ABB-free@home can dim and switch the lights on or off, with also defining
the light scenes and the dimming values of the lights. Moreover, it can control the lights individually
or if in a group with movement detection.
Doorway Communication: the system also has the ability to say welcome to visitors in a
unique way. free@home can be effectively incorporated into the doorbell system by means of a
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touch screen. This touch was the focal point when visitors come in the house, and allowed
interaction with the visitors of the home through video. It also has the ability to record and store
images of people visiting.
Security: as security is a need in most people’s home, the system can alert in the presence
of burglars. This is done with motion detectors if any window or door is opened in the house. The
free@home system can also send notifications, and has the capability to alert the police to come
to your home in the case of burglary.
Cooling and Heating: it is possible to set up your desired temperature, as free@home can
completely automate the room temperature depending upon schedules. This allows the house to
be energy efficient with the AC consumption.
Scene Control: Changing scenes is very easy with free@home, as the user can set up a
function in the application to put a set of desired functions together. For example, if alone in the
house, the user can enable the house lights to set up a certain scene with just a touch of a button.
Remote Control: Controlling the home remotely from any place offers many advantages,
such as having the capacity to open the door remotely to family or companions, having the
capacity to check the status of lights, windows and blinds, or turning on the warming when leaving
the workplace so it is warm and comfortable when the user comes home. The MyBuildings
framework from ABB makes remote access and control simpler than at any other time. It just
scaffolds the free@home framework with the smart device and all it requires is a web application.
5.3.8 AUTOMATION DEVICES
The ABB free@home system is comprised of several types of devices that help us understand
the devices’ functionalities. First is the System Access Point which is the operational hub of the ABB-
free@home framework. It gives access to smart device by means of WLAN. This enables the
elements of the framework to be characterized and remote controlled, even after it is configured.
The System Access Point can likewise be joined with a system switch, with LAN or WLAN. To make it
easier, the System Access Point makes its very own WLAN and software available for easier
commissioning of the system.
The next components are the actuators and sensors. The actuators are for dimming,
switching and controlling accessibility for the ABB-free@home. Switch actuators get the control
directions from sensors and afterward switch their switching contacts. An actuator can be
customized by means of the UI either as individual switching the contact or by a time function.
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Now in order to setup the free@home system, the actuators can be set up in two different
ways. The centralized installation and the decentralized installation. In my opinion it is better to use
the central installation as you can set up the actuators on a DIN rail, which makes installing the
sensors for the automation much easier. This is because only the bus line is located in the flush
mounted box. It even makes the cost for the channel to be reduced due to the multiple actuators.
While the other way is to have a decentralized installation where the actuators and sensor
are in one device, which removes the requirement for programming of the device.
5.3.9 MONITORING DEVICES
Control components can be utilized for the execution of various capacities in the JEEL
home, e.g. dimming and switching lights, opening doors or moving blinds. Control components
can be designed for controlling individual capacities or for the execution of gathering capacities
and scenes. A control component comprises of a 1gang or 2gang sensor unit, or a sensor/actuator
unit and a couple of rockers.
A sensor unit is essentially a control component, like manually switching commands of the
client that are recorded and sent to the bus line. The sensor/actuator units works likewise the
sensor unit but also does the switching of the loads. The switching channels and sensors are pre-
modified when provided, so when the bus line is activated and the load is connected, the load
can be directly switched.
The motion detector is capable of detecting movement and sending the information
through the bus line, or it can also be done wirelessly. This enables the automated functions to be
executed, e.g. switch a light on or a pre-programmed scene. There is also a brightness sensor,
which turns on a light only if it is required. Also, the value of this threshold can be changed
accordingly.
The room temperature controller displays the temperature of the room. This can be
changed by means of the buttons of the control component. The room temperature controller
works as a Raspberry PI controller and can adjust the temperature of the room accordingly. The
controller also has four different modes that you can change to:
1) Eco mode: This mode can be set to save energy.
2) Comfort Operation: This mode is set a temperature for the room to stay on
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3) Off mode: This mode is to close the heating valves.
4) Antifreeze mode: This mode is for frost protection.
The room temperature controller is even able to switch in cooling and heating operations
by a binary input. This is done by a cooling/heating reverser and is configured by connecting it to
the room temperature controller.
5.3.10 TOUCH SCREEN
The free@homeTouch screen is an indoor video station for your door system and serves as
the focal control of free@home capabilities, like, moving blinds, switching scenes, controlling room
temperature controllers, or controlling lights. You can also see anyone who comes in to your house
on the touch screen, with the help of a video camera, and even has the ability to save
screenshots of any visitor in your home, on the touch screen itself.
5.3.11 REACT AND FREE@HOME INTEGRATION
The REACT system has a unique advantage over the other inverters as it can be integrated
with free@home automation system. This allows to properly manage your energy at home
efficiently. This smart solution makes your house a truly energy efficient home and can help use
energy only if it is able from the REACT batteries, and does not require energy to be taken from the
grid. With a growth in homes requiring a reliable energy supply, a solar inverter that has storage
capacity and can be easily integrated with a smart home system is seen as an extraordinary
achievement.
The REACT system can be integrated with transferring the solar energy information along
with consumption of the house and energy remaining in the battery, to the free@home system
access point wirelessly and can activate the smart energy efficient functionalities based on the
energy information. An example of this could be with the AC only being turned on when there is
someone in the house. The "Activities" menu on the free@home application permits the shifting of
high-power loads when there is solar energy being produced. The "Activities" can be completely
modified by the user’s prerequisites. The settings can be changed later specifically on the
free@home application.
Whenever joined, the capacity and the load manager components make excellent use of
the energy made by the PV framework. This spreads the electric loads and avoids consumption
peaks and keeping the use of energy inside the limit of the energy created. This integration allows
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to keep home consumption and solar energy creation constantly under control, in this way
diminishing consuming energy from the grid.
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5.4 COMMUNICATIONS REPORT
5.4.1 TEAM JEEL COMMUNICATIONS MISSION
Team Jeel recognizes the unique position—climatically, architecturally, and culturally—of
society in United Arab Emirates. Therefore, our project centers on creating a housing solution that
can successfully exist within the contexts of the UAE. We aim to construct a home to withstand harsh
climate, appeal to people of all cultures, and to seamlessly integrate itself into the ever-changing
landscape of the UAE’s urban centers. This is to be achieved through the use of innovative materials,
passive design architectural elements, energy efficient interior design, and the potential dynamism
of future Jeel homes. The ultimate goal for Team Jeel is to help pave the way for the UAE to achieve
true energy efficiency and for its inhabitants to live within ecologically smart and comfortable
homes.
The UAE has become a megalopolis of culture and innovation with over 200 nationalities living
harmoniously throughout its cities. Team Jeel recognizes the great potential for ideas created within
the UAE to spread due to so many people arriving from and departing to places around the globe
each day. Therefore, our first goal was to decide the best target audience to learn our ideas of
sustainability and help spread them around the world.
After considering all options, we realized that the most influential persons we could impart our
findings onto were the UAE’s high school students. Today’s high school students are tomorrow’s
workforce and leaders. This age group is at a critical juncture of deciding which careers to pursue
upon high school graduation. Thus, Team Jeel recognizes that educating high school students on
the importance of sustainability is an ideal way to influence our near-future workforce. Additionally,
UAE high school students are unique in that a large percentage of them will continue their higher
education all around the world. Therefore, Team Jeel intends to spread awareness of sustainable
construction and living not only throughout the UAE, but also across the world by starting with the
UAE’s junior and senior high school students.
While we believe the future that current high school students might create is most important,
Team Jeel also recognizes that the implementation of eco-friendly thinking needs to happen now.
Therefore, we added an additional target audience: our sponsors and their affiliates. By targeting
businesses that have already shown an interest in the Solar Decathlon, as well as their affiliates,
Team Jeel actively secures real-world businesses interest and commitment to sustainability. By
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explaining our team’s values to various businesses—from electronics to plumbing to contractors to
t-shirt manufacturers to paper companies—Team Jeel has furthered the sustainability cause.
5.4.2 EVENTS SCHEDULE
2017/2018 Events
Date Event type Title Place Attendance
Oct 2017 Summit Women in Engineering Leadership
Summit American University in
Dubai 50-150
Oct 2017 Exposition WeTex Dubai Convention Center 1000+
Nov 2017 Competition AUD’s SDME Poster Contest American University in
Dubai
100-200
Dec 2017 Competition AUD’s SDME Poster Contest American University in
Dubai
50-100
Feb 2018 Career Fair AUD Engineering Fair American University in
Dubai
300
Mar 2018 Presentation High School Outreach GEMS International School 50
Mar 2018 Presentation High School Outreach Dubai High School 50-100
Apr 2018 Presentation Jeel Presentation American University in
Dubai
100+
Sept 2018 Presentation Presentation to Sponsors Home Center 5-10
Oct 2018 Exposition WeTex Dubai Convention Center 1000+
Table 5.4.1: 2018 Events Schedule
5.4.3 TEAM JEEL COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES AND CAMPAIGNS
With our target audiences in mind, our house public tour detailed the project’s innovations,
materials, sustainability through multimedia displays, handouts and giveaways. From a media plan
perspective, team Jeel recognizes the importance of media is influencing today’s world. Therefore,
we plan to complement our high school outreach campaign with social media campaigns with two
goals:
The first goal was Team Jeel’s consistent status updates. When people learn about
competitions, they like to keep up with the competitors. Team Jeel aimed to give our supporters real-
time updates as to our progress and accomplishments. We believe that by doing so; we
strengthened support and influence more people about sustainability and solar potential. Secondly,
the team decided to do social a media campaign to complement progress as a team. We have
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termed our campaign “What Does It Mean To You?” Each month leading up to the SDME
Competition Week had a different theme.
“What Does ‘It’ Mean To You” by Team Jeel
Month “It” Topic
February Water Conservation
March Minimalism
April Community
May Solar Energy
June Sustainable Transportation
July Climate Change
August Wind Energy
September Scarcity
October Sustainable Construction
November Nature
Table 5.4.2: "What Does 'It' Mean To You" by Team Jeel
Each month was themed generally as to encourage many different conversations to ensue.
Each theme had to do with our world and the need to human’s to act sustainable within it. These
questions were posted in a variety of ways on Teem Jeel’s Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and website
(engr.aud.edu/jeel). Through these posts, Team Jeel hopes to spark thoughtful conversation and
daily practices through this campaign.
Team Jeel also hosted a poster competition among AUD’s undergraduate students. By
involving all majors, Team Jeel brought awareness of the Solar Decathlon to the entirety of AUD’s
undergraduate student body. Team Jeel believes that as more people are told about SDME, the
more people who will be influenced to become involved with other sustainably minded
competitions. As the Solar Decathlon progresses, Team Jeel hopes to host other such mini-
competitions with our student body and in the UAE in general to spread awareness and get people
involved.
As the SDME competition has spanned over several academic semesters, our team has
grown and morphed. The senior students from last spring presented Team Jeel’s Solar Home and
the SDME competition as their senior project. In doing this, they presented the materials, mission,
and goals to faculty, fellow graduates, and families present during the final dinners and events of
the school year. This was an excellent way to showcase the message of sustainable living to a wide
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range of audience members. Team Jeel recognizes that at every opportunity it is important to
inform others about SDME and the vision for a sustainable future that it represents.
5.4.4 TEAM JEEL TEAM PHOTOS
Civil Engineers Electrical Engineers
Mechanical Engineers Computer Engineers
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5.5 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT
5.5.1 SUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
The project envelope is designed using a roof slab that acted as shade at an area larger than
the living area. This reduced the amount of sunlight hitting the exterior walls hence reducing the
amount of energy required to cool the house. A layer of exterior cement board acted both as an
architectural component along with the functionality of a cement wall. The insulation and interior
gypsum board also helped with preventing the rise of temperature in the living area of the house.
The walls of the house are curved because round buildings use less wall, floor and roof
materials to enclose the same square footage as a rectangular structure. Curved walls also provide
less solar exposure and therefore, less energy consumption. This helps the interior of the house from
overheating during the day. The glass on the roof under the solar panels allows light into the house
to enter the house indirectly. The glazing orientation is towards the north side of the house to avoid
harsh sun exposure (Figure 5.5.1).
The interior spaces of the house are designed according to the heating and cooling
requirements needed for the spaces. The courtyard and center of the house are placed on the
north side to get less sun exposure. The bedroom is placed on the north-west side
of the house and the spaces that do not require as much cooling requirements such as the
bathroom is placed on the south side. The dekka and the courtyard are buffer zones for the house
to the outside. In terms of when it turns into a community, the dekka acts as a buffer zone/ share
space between houses. Refer to Figure 5.5.2.
Figure 5.5.1 : Jeel house model
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Figure 5.5.2. Interior spaces layout
The first passive cooling strategy is natural ventilation. The courtyard being placed in the
middle of the house allows the air to pass through the courtyard from all sides of the house. The
openings being placed on the roof and towards the north side allows cool air to enter and circulate
inside. Refer to Figures 3-4. The second passive cooling strategy is its chimney effect where thermal
insulation and cross ventilation allow for cooling of the house thus, less energy consumption.
5.5.2 SUSTAINABILITY IN WATER
The general theme in the field of sustainable water management is to make sure all measures
for reducing water building’s water demand is considered if their energy, material and maintenance
Figure 5.5.3: Natural ventilation Figure 5.5.4: 3D-model of ventilation
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is justifiable. Strategy for the reduction of consumption: The team has divided its strategy to
educational and engineering measures as elaborated below. These strategies allow Jeel to achieve
average aggregate water consumption of 480 Liter per day (160 Liter per capita – day).
Educational Measures: Raising awareness regarding water scarcity in the region and
challenges associated to local water desalination processes including their sensitivity, energy
demand and their capital, operational and maintenance cost. As the building’s concept is
a model house for foreign exhibitors and as it serves our academic sector as sustainability
information center, delivering such information is crucial to make sure they users appreciate
the value of this resource in the region.
Engineering Measures: A variety of products and technologies are studied to make sure the
most applicable and efficient approved fixtures and appliances are used in the building.
Durability of products as well as their water consumption are compared to the baseline
introduced by LEED rating system were the main factors to choose a proper air-mix water
saving shower, dual flush toilet, automatic faucets, and most water saving laundry machines
are evaluated and listed to be procured. Some other techniques such as using waterless
urinals and rainwater harvesting system were rejected to their limited application locally.
Rainwater Harvesting: Dubai’s total annual precipitation is 100 mm and the annual runoff of
building was estimated to be about 6 m3. Hence, using rainwater-harvesting system was not
identified as a sustainable approach considering the material usage and its maintenance.
Recycling and reuse (Greywater and sewage treatment): The greywater (and sewage) treatment
system called Biopipe with maximum treatment capacity of 1 m3 per day was designed to
accommodate the building for landscaping and for flushing the toilet, as well as second application
after UV and chlorine disinfection.
The greywater (GWTP) or sewage treatment plants (STP) provides an integrated pre-
assembled wastewater treatment plant based on Biopipe Technology. Biopipe is a plug-flow reactor
with a water circulation system. Biopipe suspended and attached microorganisms use suspended
and dissolved material as substrate without producing noticeable sludge even in a long run. It
converts wastewater to clear water safe for irrigation purposes with minimal refractory suspended
solids. The unit is self-contained, complete, transportable and ready to place on a prepared
foundation slab. In this GWTP/STP, the sewage was first screened before entering Collection Tank
where it is equalized. The wastewater then is pumped to Biological zone or Biopipe. The system was
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simply operated and maintained by the team members. They were able to switch the treatment
system setting from light greywater (e.g. from kitchen’s sink, lavatory, shower, laundry machine)
treatment mood to sewage treatment mood as wastewater.
A screen is responsible to separate large suspended particles from wastewater. The
wastewater tank receives wastewater and stores it for the next biological treatment run in the
Biopipe. This tank also serves the system as a grit removal chamber as water remains in stagnation
and dense grits settle. When wastewater reaches a certain/operational level in the tank, the sewage
water pump works to propel wastewater into Biopipe. When Biopipe becomes full, circulation starts,
and the biological treatment of wastewater begins. Biopipe’s biomass engage with pollutants and
eliminates them from wastewater as water circulates at the presence of air injected to the pipes.
Aeration is a vital step to maintain aerobic bacteria in circulating wastewater. After sufficient
hydraulic detention time, wastewater is discharges to pass through a cartridge filter (or equivalent)
and a UV filter to complete the treatment. The treated water can then be used directly or stored in
a clean water tank. The plant is designed for the high level of greywater contamination and
targeted effluent quality mentioned in the following tables:
Biopipe is more affordable as there are limited number of pumps, blower, electronic and
mechanic hardware in its system consuming reasonable amount of electricity.
The team uses a Solar Thermal System for water heating, the descriptions and diagram for
the system are as follows: About 160 liters of daily water usage by the shower, 130 liter of daily
usage for faucets in the kitchen and bathroom and 20 liters of water usage by dishwasher were
expected in the building. Considering 55 percent of water demand as hot water dictates about
170 liters hot water supply by the solar thermal system. Hence, a Solar Thermal System with the
Table 5.5.1: Influent Characteristics Table 5.5.2: Effluent Characteristics
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following specifications has been selected for the project. As shown in the figure, the thermal glass
panels faced the south with a 40 degree of inclination with respect to the horizontal plane. The
following drawings show the solar thermal system coupled with the rest of water pipes in the house.
Collector Dimension
(Length x Width x Thickness) 1980 x 1110 x 86 (mm)
Collector Area 2 (m2)
Tank Volume 200 (Liters)
Collector Weight 35 (kg)
Max. Water Pressure 10 (bars)
Max. Working Temperature 190 (0C)
Max. Service Temperature 99 (0C)
Table 5.5.4: Solar Thermal System
5.5.3 SUSTAINABILITY IN SOLID WASTE
The estimated average solid waste generation in the house during its operation is 5 kg per
day (2.5 kg per capita- day) and 80 percent of it are recyclables. In addition to 7 kg of general
waste (not recyclable), the generation of 8 kg of compostable materials, 5 kg of paper, 5 kg of glass,
5 kg of metals, 5 kg of plastic is expected weekly. The light plastic recycle bins are devoted to collect
paper (in blue), glass (in green), plastic (in red) and metals (in yellow). The team designed the interior
features of the kitchen to make sure the bins are accessible from both the living room and the
kitchen through a two-door (from kitchen and from living room) ground-level cabinet. A poster
guiding the residence how to separate different material was posted on inner side of both cabinet
doors. A temporary composting bin is properly accessible from the kitchen and the main bin was
located under shade outside as the temperature is mainly suitable for degradation of organic
matter. The team has not concluded that devoting some recycle bins in the yard is a sustainable
decision especially due to intensive sunlight and frequent dust settlement. The composted materials
can be used for gardening and the rest of recyclables are packed to be picked by the responsible
sector. The construction’s fragments recycling process could be implemented according to the
typical guideline provided by USGBC and recommendation by the LEED rating system.
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5.5.4 INNOVATION IN SUSTAINABILITY
For Grey Water Filtration, innovation lies within the Biopipe Greywater Treatment System was
originally developed to serve small communities as an affordable, reliable and easy-to-use system.
The team Jeel, has devoted additional effort to extend its applicability for small houses such as Jeel
with their particular needs and concerns. The team strongly believe that such innovative treatment
plant is a suitable technology for small sustainable buildings. Some of the rationales have been listed
as follows:
1- Easy to Maintain: The biopipe system is made of readily available pipes, tanks and pumps. This feature assists the home owners to maintain the system and replace some of its components easily if required.
2- Long Service-life: The materials such as PVC pipes and tanks are known as most durable construction materials. Hence the system is expected to serve a building for a very long service life comparable with the building’s expected service life.
3- Affordable: Using relatively cheap material and widely available materials in the market assist the technology developers to offer competitive price for this system.
4- Easy to Upgrade: The system can run for greater number of cycles per day to handle greater flow rates of water from a house in case building occupancy increases considerably. The pipe system can also be easily extended to be even compatible with exceptional increase in flow rates.
5- Odor-free System: As biopipe is an entirely closed system, the residents of the house do not sense any odor dissipation. Such concern is valid when open and exposed greywater treatment systems are used in hot regions such as Dubai.
6- Aesthetic Value: The biopipe is enclosed in a trimmed box with attractive façade serving the attractiveness of the whole house and landscape.
7- Scientific Values: The research conducted by team Jeel to optimize the performance of such unique custom-built system is scientifically valuable since rigorous optimization of biodegradation process and energy requirement are applied. The team has planned to publish the results of all water quality tests associated with different performance parameters in an academic journal. Considering the local climate, building size, different level of greywater generation and contamination, the obtained date and results might be beneficial for other greywater treatment systems too.
Beyond greywater treatment, the biopipe system is capable of treating residential
wastewater consisting of both greywater and blackwater. The system offers a great solution to
existing buildings where separation of greywater and blackwater is not feasible. It should be noted
that treating the whole wastewater in a building will better conserve water used outdoor for
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landscaping. In Addition, it makes the building independent of municipal sewage collection and
treatment system. In this specific project, an additional disinfection process using chlorination has
been added to guarantee that microbial content of greywater is minimal and below allowable
ranges.
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5.6 INNOVATIVE SPECIAL AWARD REPORT
5.6.1 INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy is becoming an essential element when it comes to greenhouse issues
mitigations. To aid in reducing the CO2 emission into the environment, numerous governments
support individual investments in solar system on their residential rooftop. On June 17, 2015, the
Dubai Supreme Council of Energy, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority, and the U.S. Department
of Energy signed an agreement to collaborate on the development of Solar Decathlon Middle
East (SDME 2018-2020), a competition that integrated unique local and regional characteristics.
American University in Dubai is one of the local participants in SDME 2018. This report concludes
JEEL innovation for the solar system. The works highlight the important of the proposal and its
potential for successful entrepreneurship. In addition, it includes the difficulty that prevented the
full implementation of the system.
5.6.2 COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS FROM PV SOLAR SYSTEM
SDME set numerous regulations/limitations for the competition. The followings are the main
regulations for designing the solar system:
1. Maximum AC output power side at any time is limited to 8kW
2. Equipment must have an IEC certificates
3. Solar envelope which imposes on the available area for PV panels installation
4. For successful system, the PV generation must exceed the house electrical consumption
JEEL design focuses on maximizing the 8kW for longer hours during the sunlight period.
5.6.2.1 PV Solar System Design
To highlight the advance innovation of JEEL system, this section divided into three sub-categories:
1. Standard PV system design
2. JEEL implemented design due to SDME constraints
3. JEEL ultimate design for advance power generation
5.6.2.2 Standard PV System Design
Design of an 8kW standard PV system requires the peak generation during the summer to be
less or equal to 8kW. Based on the simulation for Dubai (using SDME weather data), 9.5kW solar
panels produces 8kW AC output power. Figure 5.6.1 shows the simulation output for a chosen
date. The system yearly output is computed to be 17.46MWh.
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Figure 5.6.1: Standard system design output
5.6.2.3 JEEL Implemented System
As shown in the standard system design, the inverter operates at its rated power for
numerous hours for selected dates. To mitigate this issue, JEEL proposed to track the sun energy
using additional panels. JEEL proposed the following setup:
East oriented panels at 90 degrees tilts
West Oriented panels at 90 degrees tilts
South oriented panels at 5 degrees tilts
JEEL system uses three inverters with capping ability to insure the system never exceeds the 8kW
AC power requirements. Figure 5.6.2 shows the single line diagram.
Figure 5.6.2: JEEL PV installation
The simulations of the installed system captured in figures 5.6.3. It is clearly shown that the
system doesn’t comply to SDME requirements of 8kW maximum output. The chosen REACT system
has the ability to cap the power at the DC level of each inverter. JEEL system sets the power
‐2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Watts
Hours
20 May & 28th Jan‐ Standard PV system Design
20‐May 28‐Jan
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output of REACT 1 & 2 (south REACTs) to 3kW each and the third REACT to 2kW. This option ensures
the outputs never exceed the 8kW output throughout the year.
Figure 5.6.3: 1st of January and 1st of July system outputs without capping
Figure 4 shows the system with capping capability as described. In addition, figure 5.6.4
shows the green area where the power is lost due to the capping process. To compensate for the
capped energy, JEEL teams installed 14kWh battery system.
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
5 7 9 11 13 15 17
kW
Axis Title
1st of January Output
South (1st Jan) E&W (1st Jan) Total (1st Jan)
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
kW
Hour
1st of August Output
South (1st Aug) E&W (1st Aug) Total (1st Aug)
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Figure 5.6.4: System output with standard capping For 1st of Jan and 1st of Aug
The logic of the DC energy priority is shown in figure 5.6.5. Table 5.6.1 shows the lost energies
due to the standard capping requirements. To maximize the use of the lost energy, JEEL
automation system ensures the batteries starts charging when the REACT power reaches the
capping stage. This ensures 14kWh of the capped energy is stored into the battery and re-used
during the evening and night period.
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Table 5.6.1: Energy assessment for 1st of January and 1st of August
Figure 5: Logic behind the REACT DC energy management
Based on the system, the yearly output of JEEL designed system reaches 25.8MWh which
equates to an increase of 47% of the yearly generation in comparison to standard design.
5.6.2.4 JEEL Advanced System
It is worth noting; SDME requires an IEC for the new design, which made it difficult for JEEL to
implement the advance system. JEEL advanced system used a new circuit design to manage the
DC power of the installed PV system prior the inverter inputs. This reduces the number of required
inverters. Figure 5.6.6 shows the system design layout. It is worth noting: the two REACT systems has
the capability of 12kW on the DC which mean there is no DC power cut by the circuit, only
managing the DC input power to reduce the number of inverters.
Daily Energy 1st Jan (kWh) 1st Aug (kWh)
Generated Energy (No Capping) 60 90.9
Generated Energy Capping 54 72.2
Energy Lost 6 18.5
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5.6.3 DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
JEEL implemented system increases the house generation capability while maintaining the
maximum 8 kW AC output requirements. In addition, the advanced system reduces the inverter
investment while maintaining high output power throughout the year.
Figure 5.6.6: JEEL circuit layout
5.6.4 CIRCUITS & INDUSTRIAL IMPACTS
5.6.4.1 JEEL System Advantages
JEEL design offers the followings to existing and new systems:
1. Larger system with smaller area with the aid of BIPV materials
o The vertical PV panels allow for PV integration into building design without the need of an excessive space.
o The PV integration into building reduces the cost of the investment into the system.
2. The solar panels warranty is for 20 years. Therefore, the additional panel investment is for 20 years.
3. The advanced circuit design allows for tracking the sun using additional panels at different orientations.
4. The circuit allows additional panels installations for an existing system without major investments or inverter system modifications.
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5.6.4.2 Industrial Impacts
The simulation shows that JEEL implemented system increases the yearly house output by
47% in comparison to the standard design. With the aid of the advance system, the inverter
investment is reduced which makes the proposal attractive to the industries and investors mindset
with entrepreneurship focuses. In addition, the ability to increase the power of an existing system
with minimum investment makes it attractive to home owners and investors. The investment could
also be reduced due to the system ability to interface with BIPV materials
5.6.5 JEEL INNOVATIONS
JEEL system design advanced innovations are supported by the followings:
1. The increase in power generation by using combinations of latest technologies (JEEL are the first to use the REACT system in UAE)
2. Advanced system reduces the inverter investment (unfortunately this wasn’t implemented due to SMDE requirements)
3. The large increase in power generation makes the system attractive the investors with entrepreneurship mindset.
4. The ability to uprate the power of an existing system without major investment, makes it attractive to home owners and investors
5. The system supports the BIPV materials
6. The PV system has the ability to wirelessly integrate with home automation circuits
With JEEL Advance System, house electrical sustainability is less than a step away for high-
energy demand premises.
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6.7 BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS
6.7.1 INTRODUCTION
The photovoltaic (PV) system was designed to ensure compliance with relevant standards
and policies. For the safety aspects of the design, appropriate protection devices were chosen for
the system. To cut down on the PV system’s electrical losses and maximize the efficiency of the
system, the wiring design layout ensured minimum cable length was used.
The sun’s orientation for Dubai, throughout the year, was accounted for while designing the
PV system. As the sun’s position changes throughout the day, the inverter’s direct current input
from the solar panels varies, which reflects on the invertor’s alternate current output. In order to
maximize the output of the system, the JEEL team designed the PV system with various PV solar
arrays, having different orientations, along with three REACT invertors to achieve a net-zero house.
6.7.2 PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY
The photovoltaic technology implemented is the poly-crystalline silicon cells from Canadian
Solar (CS6P-250/255P). This type of photovoltaic is not only cost effective, but is also more
sustainable, because it reduces the amount of waste silicon during the manufacturing process of
the poly-crystalline silicon, compared to mono-crystalline silicon. Other features of this photovoltaic
type is the excellent module efficiency (up to 15.85%), desirable performance at low irradiance
(above 96.5%), and salt mist, ammonia and blowing sand resistance, which makes it the perfect
choice for the desert environment.
6.7.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS (AS‐BUILT)
The PV system designed and implemented was based on the calculated maximum house
demand of 18.6MWh per year. The design featured 54 330W photovoltaic modules:
36 panels placed on the rooftop oriented to the South at 5 degrees’ tilt (fig. 6.7.1) 9 vertical panels on the East façade (fig. 6.7.2) 9 vertical panels on the West façade Each panel is 1m by 2m
The vertical PV panels were implemented to maximize the power to the REACT inverters in
the morning and evening periods. This is to insure that the inverters are working at rated power for
longer hours throughout the day, without exceeding the 8kW system AC power output
requirements set by DEWA. The actual total average power generated per day by the PV system
was around 70kW.
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Figure 6.7.1: Roof plan of the building
Figure 6.7.2: East elevation of the building
The PV system’s vertical panels increase the output power in the morning and evening
period without exceeding the 8kW constraint. The PV system consists of three PV areas:
1. East Area (Connected to the Third REACT invertor): a. 330W x 9 = 2.97kW output b. Orientation: East c. Tilt at 90 degrees
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2. South Area (Connected to the first two REACT invertors) a. 330W x 36 = 11.88kW output b. Orientation: South c. Tilt at 5 degrees
3. West Area (Connected to the Third REACT invertor): a. 330W x 9 = 2.97kW output b. Orientation: West c. Tilt at 90 degrees
Furthermore, the REACT invertor’s load manager capping capabilities are utilized to comply
with the 8kW system AC power output requirements. Figure 6.7.3 shows the single line diagram
implemented.
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Figure 6.7.3: Single Line Diagram of the PV system
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6.7.4 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER OUTPUT
The power output of the solar panels depends on the following factors:
Sun radiation
Weather conditions (Cloudy, Hot, etc...)
PV panel tilt
PV panel orientation
The light density on the PV panels is determined by the PV panel orientation and tilt. Figures
6.7.4 and 6.7.5 illustrate the sun’s path for Dubai. The figures clearly show the sun path changing
with the seasons. Considering the static solar panels do not track the sun’s movement, the
generated output power is affected.
Figure 6.7.4: Sun’s path for Dubai during the summer (June)
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Figure 6.7.5: Sun’s path for Dubai during the winter (January)
The REACT graphs below show the power generated from each of the invertors on the 14th
of November:
Figure 6.7.6: Power generated on the 14th of November from REACT A
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Figure 6.7.7: Power generated on the 14th of November from REACT B
Figure 6.7.8: Power generated on the 14th of November from REACT C
This shows that at any given time the REACT is always outputting a maximum of 8kW system
AC power while charging the 14 kWh battery system (7 batteries with 2kWh each). For example, at
12pm when the invertor is at peak generation levels, the AC power output is found by:
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐴 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐵 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐶 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
3.8 0.55 3.75 0.2 7.9𝑘𝑊
Figure 6.7.9 shows the REACT energy flow graph. The AC generated power is the summation
of the house electrical load, battery storage, and the grid injected power.
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Figure 6.7.9: REACT Flow Graph
The REACT inverters cap the power at the DC level of each inverter. The system was set to
cap the power output of REACT 1 & 2 (south REACTs) to 3kW each, and the third REACT to 2kW.
This setting ensured the outputs never exceed the 8kW output throughout the year. The 14kWh
battery system was installed to compensate for the capped energy, and store it until required in
the evening period or when weather conditions were not optimal.
6.7.5 IMPROVEMENTS
After the 14kWh battery system gets charged, the AC output from the REACT inverter may
go over the 8kW system AC power output requirement set by DEWA. Therefore, it is better to insure
that larger batteries are used for the SDME competition, as a precaution, to this issue.
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6.7.6 BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
One of the challenges affecting the popularity of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is
the architectural quality of the design. The JEEL team’s photovoltaics system design is integrated
into the building architecture in the form of vertical photovoltaic panels on the east and west
elevations of the aluminum photovoltaic panel frame. To give the house a balanced and
symmetrical look, dummy photovoltaic panels were also integrated into the north and south
elevations of the aluminum photovoltaic panel frame. This vastly improves the aesthetics of the
overall architectural building design.
The BIPV conceptual design is integrated into the house architecture as translucent
photovoltaic windows, glazed into the balcony, on the west elevation of the building. Due to time
constraints, this concept was not implemented in the JEEL design, but would have had many
advantages. These include architectural aspects such as improved aesthetics of the building and
allowing for balcony illumination. The BIPV panel dimensions, thickness, shape and color are
customized to provide a captivating appearance to the building architecture. Opaque solar
panels are also utilized in the conceptual design as a shading tool for the balcony. This allows the
photovoltaic umbrella to generate electricity, while simultaneously providing shade for anyone
standing on the balcony.
The photovoltaic technology for this conceptual design uses amorphous silicon solar glass
for the photovoltaic windows. Under high temperatures and diffuse light, it can generate more
energy than crystalline silicon glass. Another advantage of using amorphous silicon, is that
amorphous silicon is less prone to overheating, leading to better solar sell performance and an
increased energy efficiency. The photovoltaic panels are integrated into the house by replacing
the glass balustrades in the balcony. Additional benefits of this photovoltaic integration in the
building, is the reduction of amount spent on construction materials (glass), thus reducing its
carbon footprint, and labor costs, as well as energy generation, which increases the overall energy
efficiency of the system.
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5.8 INTERIOR DESIGN REPORT
5.8.1 PLANNING
The U.A.E. has an arid climate with harsh weather conditions particularly in the summer.
During the summer period, most of the time is spend indoors. The house should be cozy and
welcoming, with a very comfortable feel to it. The furniture should not be cluttered, that it reduces
space and movement. Thus, the design has to convey a cool vibe to the house occupants. The
summer also brings a dry sense to the entire house; thus the feel should also be vibrant not quirky
but not dull either. The home interior should be accenting a sense of calm and stability, in contrast
to the fast paced life of modern times. The interior thus has to balance between practicality and
utility. The JEEL team also emphasizes on sustainable living and the interior should be designed in
way that it minimizes the carbon footprint.
The integration of Emirati culture with a blend of contemporary and modern design is the
basis of the interior concept of the JEEL home. Proper planning and exceptional functionality of
the home is important in a modern metropolis. The modern era focuses on minimalistic design due
to the advancement of prefabricated materials and revolution of industry. On the other hand, the
Emirati culture has a touch of lavishness along with expansive decorations for a home. The
architectural design is based on the Emirati style of home layout with Dekka, Majlis, open kitchen,
and a single room. The interior also needs to consider the ample ventilation present in the home.
The ample sunlight from the north direction should be complemented with the interior in both the
Majlis and the kitchen.
5.8.2 CONCEPT AND DESIGN
The Dekka is an open space for the first greeting of the visitor to the home. It is the
connection point of the home to the outside world. The design of such a surrounding should be
open and give a fresh and welcoming feeling. A standard welcome mat and a couple of potted
plants at the entrance of the home provide a homely feeling to the visitor and the beautiful smell
from the plants should excite the senses and provide a feeling of openness. Once inside the home
there is a stand that functions as place of storage of belongings for the visitor.
The Majlis design is so important to the home as a whole. The Majlis also marks the division of
the space in the home, it is the only space of public access. The Majlis is not only a place of
gatherings with visitors and family but also the gateway to the kitchen and rest of the home. The
interior design has to consider the crucial space between the Majlis and kitchen, a perfect place
for extra interior decoration for the transition from a public space to a semi-public space.
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In traditional Emirati culture the seating is low, comfortable and meant to be very
connected to the earth at the same time. In the modern era, the seating has taken on a meaning
of functionality, high rise seating with soft paddings to offset the height. The lower the seating
position of an individual, the more relaxed and at ease the person feel. Thus, seating of
intermediate height was the best option to go for. The intermediate seating height provides
comfortable accessibility people of disability. In the introduction, the importance of a cool vibe to
the home was stated. Traditionally, a cool vibe is attributed to the color blue. The color blue is not
only characteristic of coolness and calmness but also is compatible with various other colors. The
color blue also has a important significance in Emirati culture because of the old heritage of pearl
diving. The Arabian gulf has long been a source of income for the Emirati people and is also
strategic to Dubai`s vision. The seating is chosen to be white for similarity to the Emirati dressing
with blue cushioning for the perfect blend of Emirati and modern living. Figure 1 shows the seating
of the Majlis through a rendering.
Fig 5.8.1:Majlis rendering
The seating should surround a traditional brown table for functional purposes. The walls of
the Majlis are cream in color to further accent the calm and welcoming feeling. The walls had wall
hangings of pictures of travels, art that the individual likes. Since the Majlis is a public space
personal pictures are not placed here but in the bedroom.
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The transition from the Majlis is important and the choice of grey has been used signifying
the rock element. The kitchen is to be fully functional and the interior has been designed to
support that concept alone. Space utilization is the top priority for the kitchen, as appliance such
as the microwave, cooktop and hood fan take up the bulk of the space. The standard grey and
white slabs are used in the kitchen with no extra significance in this area of the home.
Fig 5.8.2: Kitchen rendering
Onwards in the home we find the bathroom and the bedroom. The bathroom is designed
to the epitome of modern living. Ample cabinets and shelves for various storage and utilities are
essential for the bathroom. The importance of space is again at prime consideration for the
bathroom since any extra placements give a feeling of suffocation and uncomfortableness. The
bathroom has a round mirror and ample lighting for up keep of the human body. A functional
dustbin for any kind of waste management. The color of the interior was light sand brown.
The bedroom is another key component of the home. It consists of the bed for resting of the
individual and a mini functional workplace for productivity. The sand element is used for the walls
along with a functional cabinet for storage. The bed is right beside the window for extra sunlight in
the morning in compliance with the overall energy efficiency of the home. A wall hanging of color
blue for decoration was used for inspiration and personality of the room and further direct
calmness to the individual.
69
70
5.8.3 INNOVATION IN INTERIOR DESIGN AND CONCEPT
The idea of the merger of the Emirati and Arabian geographical features with present day
metropolitan living was a key innovative concept in our design. The sand, sea and ocean
elements are reiterated throughout the house and promote tranquility and sense of pleasant living.
The minimalistic features of the house are in line with sustainable living.
The furniture to be used that is the cabinets, tables, and workstation were all functional and
transformable. Transformable furniture is concept of urban living to capitalize space utility. The
practicality and ease of use of such furniture is an example of increased efficiency that the
occupants of the house can appreciate.
71
This report shall be read in conjunction with the project drawings and documents.
6.1 COMPREHENSIVE HOUSE PERFORMANCE REPORT
6.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Energy analysis is the key to an almost perfect energy system, regardless of the type of the
system. There are many objectives to perform energy analysis, the most common and most
important objective is to optimize the system and reduce energy consumption. For the mechanical
team, energy analysis was performed on the HVAC system. The main objective of this was to
decrease as much as possible the electric consumption of the HVAC system.as for the electrical
point of, JEEL design advances the energy efficiency throughout the house. The design captures
the house materials to reduce the energy dissipation while maintaining adequate sunlight
throughout the house. Furthermore, the novel proposal for the PV solar system ensures maximum
output of the chosen inverter systems for a longer period throughout the day.
6.1.2 CLIMATE DATA AND WEATHER ANALYSIS
An important factor that affects any HVAC system is the surrounding environment. In order
to have accurate calculations and have minimum energy consumption, the weather and climate
data were taken in to consideration. The factors that can affect any HVAC system are the local
forecast such as the maximum and minimum temperatures, average temperature, cloud data,
and humidity. These factors were studied and included in the selection of the system and energy
analysis. The minimum and maximum and average temperature, as mentioned before, is a major
factor in HVAC analysis, so; these temperatures were plotted over the time span of one year in the
following figure.
6. SIMULATION REPORT
72
Figure 6.1.3: min, max, and AVG temp in one year
As shown in figure 6.1.1, the minimum, maximum, and average temperature is plotted from July
2016 to July 2017.
The same plot was plotted over the time span of 9 years to help in the prediction of the
temperature fluctuation behavior, the plot was as follows.
Figure 6.1.4: min, max, and AVG temp over 9 years
The other aspect that was taken in to consideration is the humidity and cloud. These factors
affect the heat dissipation in to the house among other factors. The humidity and cloud behavior
were plotted over the span of one year in one graph to get a better sense of the behavior. The
plot was as follows.
73
Figure 6.1.5: cloud and humidity in one year
As it shows in figure 6.1.3, the graph shows the data from July 2016 to July 2017. The same graph
was plotted over a time span of 9 years for the same reason as the temperature 9 year plot. The
graph is as follows.
Figure 6.1.6: cloud and humidity over 9 years
Since the house runs on solar energy, the data for the sunny days and sunny hours were a crucial
factor to study. The sunny days and sunny hours were plotted over the span of one year. The graph
is shown in figure 6.1.5 below.
74
Figure 6.1.7: sun hours and sun days over one year
Again, the same plot was plotted over the time span of 9 years to try to predict the behavior. The
graph was plotted from 2009 to 2017 in figure 6 below.
Figure 6.1.8: sun hours and days over 9 years
Another important aspect is the UV index. The higher the UV the higher the heat transfer and more
load. The UV index was plotted over a one year span from July 2016 to July 2017, and over the time
span of 9 years in figure 6.1.7 and 6.1.8, respectively.
75
To be on the safe side, the weather forecast data and conditions in Dubai were taken from the
Dubai airport data website. This is to see if the data from before 2009 were changing by a factor
that might affect the weather conditions later on. In other words, it was only to see if there was a
certain pattern change and by how much. The figure below shows this data.
Figure 5.1.11: Dubai airport data sheet
Figure6.1. 9: UV value over one year Figure 6.1.10: UV value over 9 years
76
6.1.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEM)
Refer to the energy efficiency measures report.
6.1.4 BRIEF SIMULATION DESCRIPTIONS AND TOOLS USED
The simulation was done using hourly analysis program (HAP). To do so, the house was split in
to four different zones, the bedroom being zone 1, the electrical room being zone 2, the kitchen
being zone 3, and the dining room being zone 4. Some data were calculated in each zone such
as the floor area, height of the ceiling, and the heat dissipation. These factors were used in each
zone to calculate the loads.
77
ZONE 1 : BEDROOM
Bed Room
1. General Details:
Floor Area ............................... 17.3 m²
Avg. Ceiling Height ................. 3.0 m
Building Weight .................... 317.4 kg/m²
1.1. OA Ventilation Requirements:
Space Usage ......... User-Defined
OA Requirement 1 .................. 0.0 L/s/person
OA Requirement 2 ................ 0.00 L/(s-m²)
Space Usage Defaults ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
2. Internals:
2.1. Overhead Lighting:
Fixture Type . Recessed (Vented)
Wattage ............................... 21.53 W/m²
Ballast Multiplier ..................... 1.25
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
78
2.4. People:
Occupancy ............................. 2.0 People
Activity Level ....... Seated at Rest
Sensible ................................... 67.4 ............................................. W/person
Latent ..................................... 35.2 ............................................. W/person
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
2.2. Task Lighting:
Wattage ................................. 0.00 W/m²
Schedule ............................. None
2.5. Miscellaneous Loads:
Sensible ........................................ 0 W
Schedule .............................. None
Latent ........................................... 0 W
Schedule .............................. None
2.3. Electrical Equipment:
Wattage ............................... 260.0 Watts
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
3. Walls, Windows, Doors:
Exp.
Wall Gross Area (m²)
Window 1 Qty.
Window 2 Qty. Door 1 Qty.
W 4.8 0 0 0
N 12.8 1 0 0
NE 6.3 0 0 0
3.1. Construction Types for Exposure W
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
3.2. Construction Types for Exposure N
79
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
1st Window Type Glass window 1.75m X 0.85m
3.3. Construction Types for Exposure NE
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
4. Roofs, Skylights:
Exp.
Roof Gross Area (m²) Roof Slope (deg.) Skylight
Qty.
H 17.3 0 0
4.1. Construction Types for Exposure H
Roof Type ....... Roof hollow concrete
5. Infiltration:
Design Cooling ...................... 0.30 ACH
Design Heating ...................... 0.00 ACH
Energy Analysis ...................... 0.00 L/s
Infiltration occurs at all hours.
80
6. Floors:
Type ............ Slab Floor On Grade
Floor Area ............................... 17.3 m²
Total Floor U-Value .............. 0.570 W/(m²-°K)
Exposed Perimeter .................. 7.9 m
Edge Insulation R-Value ....... 0.00 (m²-°K)/W
7. Partitions:
(No partition data).
81
ZONE 2 : ELECTRICAL ROOM
Electrical Room
1. General Details:
Floor Area ............................... 10.1 m²
Avg. Ceiling Height ................. 3.0 m
Building Weight .................... 341.8 kg/m²
1.1. OA Ventilation Requirements:
Space Usage ......... User-Defined
OA Requirement 1 .................. 0.0 L/s/person
OA Requirement 2 ................ 0.00 L/(s-m²)
Space Usage Defaults ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
2. Internals:
2.1. Overhead Lighting:
Fixture Type Recessed (Unvented)
Wattage ................................. 7.00 W/m²
Ballast Multiplier ..................... 1.00
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
82
2.4. People:
Occupancy ............................. 0.0 Person
Activity Level ............ Office Work
Sensible ................................... 71.8 ............................................. W/person
Latent ..................................... 60.1 ............................................. W/person
Schedule .............................. None
2.2. Task Lighting:
Wattage ................................. 0.00 W/m²
Schedule ............................. None
2.5. Miscellaneous Loads:
Sensible ........................................ 0 W
Schedule .............................. None
Latent ........................................... 0 W
Schedule .............................. None
2.3. Electrical Equipment:
Wattage ................................. 0.00 W/m²
Schedule ............................. None
3. Walls, Windows, Doors:
Exp.
Wall Gross Area (m²)
Window 1 Qty.
Window 2 Qty. Door 1 Qty.
W 18.4 0 0 0
S 6.3 0 0 0
N 1.9 0 0 0
3.1. Construction Types for Exposure W
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
3.2. Construction Types for Exposure S
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
83
3.3. Construction Types for Exposure N
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
4. Roofs, Skylights:
Exp.
Roof Gross Area (m²) Roof Slope (deg.) Skylight
Qty.
H 10.1 0 0
4.1. Construction Types for Exposure H
Roof Type ....... Roof hollow concrete
5. Infiltration:
Design Cooling ...................... 0.30 ACH
Design Heating ...................... 0.00 L/s
Energy Analysis ...................... 0.00 L/s
Infiltration occurs only when the fan is off.
6. Floors:
Type ............ Slab Floor On Grade
Floor Area ............................... 10.1 m²
Total Floor U-Value .............. 0.570 W/(m²-°K)
Exposed Perimeter .................. 8.9 m
Edge Insulation R-Value ....... 0.00 (m²-°K)/W
7. Partitions:
7.1. 1st Partition Details: Partition Type .......... Wall Partition
84
Area ........................................ 11.6 m²
U-Value ................................. 0.180 W/(m²-°K)
Uncondit. Space Max Temp 29.0 °C
Ambient at Space Max Temp 35.0 °C
Uncondit. Space Min Temp . 23.9 °C
Ambient at Space Min Temp 12.8 °C
7.2. 2nd Partition Details:
(No partition data).
85
ZONE 3 : KITCHEN
Kitchen
1. General Details:
Floor Area ............................... 15.3 m²
Avg. Ceiling Height ................. 3.0 m
Building Weight .................... 317.4 kg/m²
1.1. OA Ventilation Requirements:
Space Usage ......... User-Defined
OA Requirement 1 .............. 190.0 L/s
OA Requirement 2 ................ 0.00 L/(s-m²)
Space Usage Defaults ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
2. Internals:
2.1. Overhead Lighting:
Fixture Type . Recessed (Vented)
Wattage ............................... 21.53 W/m²
Ballast Multiplier ..................... 1.25
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
86
2.4. People:
Occupancy ............................. 2.0 People
Activity Level ..... Sedentary Work
Sensible ................................... 82.1 W/person
Latent ...................................... 79.1 W/person
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
2.2. Task Lighting:
Wattage ................................. 0.00 W/m²
Schedule ............................. None
2.5. Miscellaneous Loads:
Sensible ................................... 400 W
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
Latent .................................... 1018 W
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
2.3. Electrical Equipment:
Wattage ............................... 250.0 Watts
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
3. Walls, Windows, Doors:
Exp.
Wall Gross Area (m²)
Window 1 Qty.
Window 2 Qty. Door 1 Qty.
SW 4.5 1 0 0
S 9.6 0 0 0
N 4.7 0 1 0
3.1. Construction Types for Exposure SW
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
1st Window Type Glass window 1.75m X 0.85m
87
3.2. Construction Types for Exposure S
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
3.3. Construction Types for Exposure N
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
2nd Window Type Front glass 2.4m X 1.1m
4. Roofs, Skylights:
Exp.
Roof Gross Area (m²) Roof Slope (deg.) Skylight
Qty.
H 27.2 0 0
4.1. Construction Types for Exposure H
Roof Type ....... Roof hollow concrete
5. Infiltration:
Design Cooling ...................... 0.30 ACH
Design Heating ...................... 0.00 ACH
Energy Analysis ...................... 0.00 L/s
Infiltration occurs at all hours.
88
6. Floors:
Type ............ Slab Floor On Grade
Floor Area ............................... 15.3 m²
Total Floor U-Value .............. 0.570 W/(m²-°K)
Exposed Perimeter .................. 4.7 m
Edge Insulation R-Value ....... 0.00 (m²-°K)/W
7. Partitions:
7.1. 1st Partition Details:
Partition Type ......... Wall Partition
Area ........................................ 11.3 m²
U-Value ................................. 0.180 W/(m²-°K)
Uncondit. Space Max Temp 29.0 °C
Ambient at Space Max Temp 46.1 °C
Uncondit. Space Min Temp . 23.9 °C
Ambient at Space Min Temp 12.8 °C
7.2. 2nd Partition Details:
(No partition data).
89
ZONE 4 : DINING LIVING ROOM
Dining - Living Room
1. General Details:
Floor Area ............................... 16.8 m²
Avg. Ceiling Height ................. 3.0 m
Building Weight .................... 317.4 kg/m²
1.1. OA Ventilation Requirements:
Space Usage ......... User-Defined
OA Requirement 1 .................. 0.0 L/s/person
OA Requirement 2 ................ 0.00 L/(s-m²)
Space Usage Defaults ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
2. Internals:
2.1. Overhead Lighting:
Fixture Type . Recessed (Vented)
Wattage ............................... 21.53 W/m²
Ballast Multiplier ..................... 1.25
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
90
2.4. People:
Occupancy ............................. 2.0 People
Activity Level ............ Office Work
Sensible ................................... 71.8 ............................................. W/person
Latent ..................................... 60.1 ............................................. W/person
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
2.2. Task Lighting:
Wattage ................................. 0.00 W/m²
Schedule ............................. None
2.5. Miscellaneous Loads:
Sensible ........................................ 0 W
Schedule .............................. None
Latent ........................................... 0 W
Schedule .............................. None
2.3. Electrical Equipment:
Wattage ............................... 250.0 Watts
Schedule ........ Sample Schedule
3. Walls, Windows, Doors:
Exp.
Wall Gross Area (m²)
Window 1 Qty.
Window 2 Qty. Door 1 Qty.
SE 11.0 1 0 0
E 9.2 0 0 0
N 15.4 0 2 1
3.1. Construction Types for Exposure SE
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
1st Window Type Glass window 1.75m X 0.85m
3.2. Construction Types for Exposure E
91
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
3.3. Construction Types for Exposure N
Wall Type ... Gypsum plus Rock wool
2nd Window Type Front glass 2.4m X 1.1m
Door Type .... Front door 2.2m X 1.9m
4. Roofs, Skylights:
Exp.
Roof Gross Area (m²) Roof Slope (deg.) Skylight
Qty.
H 16.8 0 0
4.1. Construction Types for Exposure H
Roof Type ....... Roof hollow concrete
5. Infiltration:
Design Cooling ...................... 0.30 ACH
Design Heating ...................... 0.00 ACH
Energy Analysis ...................... 0.00 L/s
Infiltration occurs at all hours.
92
6. Floors:
Type ............ Slab Floor On Grade
Floor Area ............................... 16.8 m²
Total Floor U-Value .............. 0.570 W/(m²-°K)
Exposed Perimeter ................ 11.9 m
Edge Insulation R-Value ....... 0.00 (m²-°K)/W
7. Partitions:
(No partition data).
Note : KITCHEN AND DINING LIVING ROOM IS TAKEN SEPERATELY FOR LOAD CALCULTION.
TOILET IS NOT TAKEN INTO CONSIDERTION.
FCU -01 FOR ZONE 1 & 2 CALCULATION : AIR SYSTEM SIZING
Air System Information
Air System Name ............. FCU-01
Equipment Class ........... SPLT AHU
Air System Type ................. SZCAV
Number of zones ............................ 1
Floor Area .................................. 27.4 m²
Location Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Sizing Calculation Information
Calculation Months .. Jan to Dec
Sizing Data ................. Calculated
Zone L/s Sizing Sum of space airflow rates
Space L/s Sizing Individual peak space loads ...............................................................
Central Cooling Coil Sizing Data
Total coil load .......................... 2.1 kW
Sensible coil load .................... 1.9 kW
Coil L/s at Jul 1200 .................. 170 L/s
Max block L/s .......................... 170 L/s
Sum of peak zone L/s ............ 170 L/s
Sensible heat ratio .............. 0.902
m²/kW ..................................... 13.2
W/m² ....................................... 76.0
93
Water flow @ 5.6 °K rise ........ N/A Load occurs at ................... Jul 1200
OA DB / WB .................... 43.9 / 28.9 °C
Entering DB / WB ............ 22.6 / 16.7 °C
Leaving DB / WB ............ 13.5 / 12.9 °C
Coil ADP ..................................... 12.4 °C
Bypass Factor .......................... 0.100
Resulting RH ................................... 55 %
Design supply temp. ................ 12.9 °C
Zone T-stat Check ................... 1 of 1 OK
Max zone temperature deviation 0.0 °K
Supply Fan Sizing Data
Actual max L/s ........................ 170 L/s
Standard L/s ............................ 170 L/s
Actual max L/(s-m²) .............. 6.21 L/(s-m²)
Fan motor BHP .......................... 0.00 BHP
Fan motor kW ............................ 0.00 kW
Fan static ......................................... 0 Pa
Outdoor Ventilation Air Data
Design airflow L/s ........................ 0 L/s
L/(s-m²) .................................... 0.00 L/(s-m²)
L/s/person .................................. 0.00 ............................................ L/s/person
94
FCU -01 FOR ZONE 1 & 2 CALCULATION : ZONE SIZING
Air System Information
Air System Name ............. FCU-01
Equipment Class ........... SPLT AHU
Air System Type ................. SZCAV
Number of zones ............................ 1
Floor Area .................................. 27.4 m²
Location Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Sizing Calculation Information
Calculation Months .. Jan to Dec
Sizing Data ................. Calculated
Zone L/s Sizing Sum of space airflow rates
Space L/s Sizing Individual peak space loads ...............................................................
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
95
Zone Sizing Data
Maximum
Maximum
Zone
Cooling Design Minimu
m Heating Floor
Sensible
Airflow Airflow Time of Load Area Zone
Zone Name (kW) (L/s) (L/s) Peak Load
(kW) (m²) L/(s-m²)
Zone 1 1.9 170 170 Jul 1400 0.2 27.4 6.21
Zone Terminal Sizing Data
No Zone Terminal Sizing Data required for this system.
Space Loads and Airflows
Cooling Time Air Heating Floor
Zone Name / Sensible of Flow Load Area Space
Space Name Mult. (kW) Load (L/s) (kW) (m²) L/(s-m²)
Zone 1 and 2
Bed Room 1 1.5 Jul
1400 138 0.1 17.3 7.96
Electrical Room 1 0.4 Jul
1400 32 0.1 10.1 3.21
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
96
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Data for January
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Data for February
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
97
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Data for March
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Data for April
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
98
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Data for May
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Data for June
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
99
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Data for July
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Data for August
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Data for September
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Data for October
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
101
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Data for November
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Data for December
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
HOURLY AIR SYSTEM DESIGN DAY LOADS FOR FCU 01
102
PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS
1. Central Cooling Coil Outlet 2. Supply Fan Outlet 3. Room Air
123
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Location: Dubai, United Arab EmiratesAltitude: 4.9 m.Data for: July DESIGN COOLING DAY, 1200
Specific H
umidity ( kg/kg )
Temperature ( °C )
103
FCU-02 FOR ZONE 3 & 4 : Air System Sizing
Air System Information
Air System Name ............. FCU-02
Equipment Class ........... SPLT AHU
Air System Type ................. SZCAV
Number of zones ............................ 1
Floor Area .................................. 32.1 m²
Location Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Sizing Calculation Information
Calculation Months .. Jan to Dec
Sizing Data ................. Calculated
Zone L/s Sizing Sum of space airflow rates
Space L/s Sizing Individual peak space loads ...............................................................
Central Cooling Coil Sizing Data
Total coil load .......................... 6.8 kW
Sensible coil load .................... 4.7 kW
Coil L/s at Aug 1300 ............... 387 L/s
Max block L/s .......................... 387 L/s
Sum of peak zone L/s ............ 387 L/s
Sensible heat ratio .............. 0.697
m²/kW ........................................ 4.7
W/m² ..................................... 210.6
Water flow @ 5.6 °K rise ........ N/A
104
Load occurs at ................ Aug 1300
OA DB / WB ..................... 45.0 / 29.2 °C
Entering DB / WB ............. 23.7 / 18.4 °C
Leaving DB / WB ............. 13.6 / 13.1 °C
Coil ADP ...................................... 12.5 °C
Bypass Factor ........................... 0.100
Resulting RH ................................... 62 %
Design supply temp. ................. 12.9 °C
Zone T-stat Check .................. 1 of 1 OK
Max zone temperature deviation 0.0 °K
Supply Fan Sizing Data
Actual max L/s ........................ 387 L/s
Standard L/s ............................ 387 L/s
Actual max L/(s-m²) ............ 12.06 L/(s-m²)
Fan motor BHP .......................... 0.00 BHP
Fan motor kW ............................ 0.00 kW
Fan static ......................................... 0 Pa
Outdoor Ventilation Air Data
Design airflow L/s .................... 190 L/s
L/(s-m²) .................................... 0.59 L/(s-m²)
L/s/person .................................. 4.75 ............................................ L/s/person
105
FCU 02 FOR ZONE 3 & 4 : Zone Sizing
Air System Information
Air System Name ............. FCU-02
Equipment Class ........... SPLT AHU
Air System Type ................. SZCAV
Number of zones ............................ 1
Floor Area .................................. 32.1 m²
Location Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Sizing Calculation Information
Calculation Months .. Jan to Dec
Sizing Data ................. Calculated
Zone L/s Sizing Sum of space airflow rates
Space L/s Sizing Individual peak space loads ...............................................................
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
106
Zone Sizing Data
Maximum
Maximum
Zone
Cooling Design Minimu
m Heating Floor
Sensible
Airflow Airflow Time of Load Area Zone
Zone Name (kW) (L/s) (L/s) Peak Load
(kW) (m²) L/(s-m²)
Zone 1 4.2 387 387 Jun 0900 0.5 32.1 12.06
Zone Terminal Sizing Data
No Zone Terminal Sizing Data required for this system.
Space Loads and Airflows
Cooling Time Air Heating Floor
Zone Name / Sensible
of Flow Load Area Space
Space Name Mult
. (kW) Load (L/s) (kW) (m²) L/(s-m²)
Zone 3 and 4
Dining - Living Room 1 2.0 Jul 1400 184 0.3 16.8 10.98
Kitchen 1 2.2 Jul 0900 203 0.2 15.3 13.24
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
107
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
Data for January
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
Data for February
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
108
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Data for March
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Data for April
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
109
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
Data for May
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.5
Data for June
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
110
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.5
Data for July
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.5
Data for August
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
111
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
Data for September
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Data for October
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
112
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Data for November
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
Data for December
Load
( k
W )
Hour of Day
0001
0203
0405
0607
0809
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
2021
2223
Total Cooling Total Heating
Hourly Air System Design Day Loads for FCU-02
113
PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS
RESULTS
COOLING LOAD FOR BEDROOM AND ELECTRICAL ROOM = FCU 01 = 2.1 KW
TONNAGE = 1.9/3.517= 0.6 TON
EQUIPMENT USED : 18000 BTU/ HOUR
COOLING LOAD FOR KITCHEN & DINING = FCU 02 = 6.8 KW
TONNAGE = 6.8/3.517 = 1.93 TON
EQUIPMENT USED : 24000 BTU/HOUR
1. Outdoor Air 2. Mixed Air 3. Central Cooling Coil Outlet 4. Supply Fan Outlet 5. Room Air
1
2
34
5
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Location: Dubai, United Arab EmiratesAltitude: 4.9 m.Data for: August DESIGN COOLING DAY, 1300
Specific H
umidity ( kg/kg )
Temperature ( °C )
114
7.1.5 HVAC SYSTEMS
HVAC systems are one of the most important systems in any minor or major project.
There are many types of HVAC systems. Depending on the application, the type of system is
used. For example, in a small house hold, the type is split HVAC system which is smaller and is
enough for cooling small areas. For a big project however such as a mall, the more efficient
system could be a chilled water system. . Chill water HVAC systems has many components.
The main components are the fan coil units (FCU), air handling unit (AHU), and the hook up.
The AHU’s are located on the roof, they oversee producing the cold air through heat
exchange. Air enters the return fan section at atmospheric temperature. Simultaneously, air is
sucked from the mall at a colder temperature. To save electricity and raise efficiency, the
coldness from the air coming from the mall is exchanged with the less cold air from the
atmosphere. This heat exchange occurs in the heat exchanger section. This assures that the
air going to the FCU is already colder than usual, so the FCU can do less work to cool the air
because it already is colder due to the heat exchange. The hook up is always located
before an AHU and before a FCU. The hook up is a group of components that control the
flow and temperature of the chilled water going to the AHU and FCU. The balance valve is
the most important component. The balance valve is in control of the flow rate of the chilled
water. For any AHU and FCU there is chilled water going through the coil fins coming from
the chilled water supply pipe and return pipe. The balance valve is always located on the
return pipe. The two-way valve is for maintenance to prevent the chilled water to escape
since it costs a lot of money to produce it. The gate valve is to cut the chilled water when
undergoing maintenance or in case of fire. The reason the chilled water is expensive is
because it uses a lot of elements to produce this cold water. The basic components of any
HVAC system is the compressor, condenser, evaporator, and expansion valve. Most split unit
systems uses Freon. In the figure below, the basic refrigeration cycle is shown.
115
2.4.a) passive analysis:
Air System Information
Air System Name ..................... NIL
Equipment Class ...................... NIL
Air System Type ........................ NIL
Number of zones ............................ 1
Floor Area .................................. 66.9 m²
Location Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Sizing Calculation Information
Calculation Months .. Jan to Dec
Sizing Data ................. Calculated
Zone L/s Sizing Sum of space airflow rates
Space L/s Sizing Individual peak space loads ...............................................................
Supply Fan Sizing Data
Actual max L/s ........................ 701 L/s
Standard L/s ............................ 701 L/s
Actual max L/(s-m²) ............ 10.48 L/(s-m²)
Fan motor BHP .......................... 0.00 BHP
Fan motor kW ............................ 0.00 kW
Fan static ......................................... 0 Pa
Outdoor Ventilation Air Data
Design airflow L/s .................... 190 L/s
L/(s-m²) .................................... 2.84 L/(s-m²)
L/s/person ................................ 27.14 ............................................ L/s/person
116
Zone Sizing Data
Maximum Maximum Zone
Cooling Design Minimum Heating Floor
Sensible Airflow Airflow Time of Load Area Zone
Zone Name (kW) (L/s) (L/s) Peak Load
(kW) (m²) L/(s-m²)
Zone 1 7.6 701 701 Jul 1400 0.8 66.9 10.48
Space Loads and Airflows
Cooling Time Air Heating Floor
Zone Name / Sensible of Flow Load Area Space
Space Name Mult. (kW) Load (L/s) (kW) (m²) L/(s-m²)
Bed Room 1 1.5 Jul 1400 138 0.1 17.3 7.96
Electrical Room 1 0.4 Jul 1400 32 0.1 10.1 3.21
Dining - Living Room 1 2.0 Jul 1400 184 0.3 16.8 10.98
Kitchen 1 2.2 Jul 0900 203 0.2 15.3 13.24
Toilet 1 1.6 Oct 0600
144 0.1 7.4 19.42
NOTE : TOILET IS ALSO INCLUDED IN PASSIVE ANALYSIS
Ventilation Sizing Summary
1. Summary
Ventilation Sizing Method Sum of Space OA Airflows
Design Ventilation Airflow Rate .................... 190 L/s
Ventilation Sizing Summary
2. Space Ventilation Analysis Table
Floor Maximu
m Required Required Required Required
Uncorrected
Area Maximu
m Supply
Air Outdoor
Air Outdoor
Air Outdoor
Air Outdoor
Air Outdoor
Air
Zone Name / Space Name
Mult. (m²) Occupa
nts (L/s) (L/s/pers
on) (L/(s-m²)) (L/s) (% of
supply) (L/s)
Zone 1
Bed Room 1 17.3 2.0 137.7 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
Electrical Room 1 10.1 0.0 32.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dining - Living Room 1 16.8 2.0 184.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kitchen 1 15.3 2.0 202.6 0.00 0.00 190.0 0.0 190.0
Toilet 1 7.4 1.0 143.7 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
Totals (incl. Space Multipliers) 700.9 190.0
Air System Design Load Summary
119
DESIGN COOLING DESIGN HEATING
NO COOLING DATA HEATING DATA AT DES HTG
NO COOLING OA DB / WB HEATING OA DB / WB 12.2 °C
/ 7.4 °C
Sensible Latent Sensible Latent
ZONE LOADS Details (W) (W) Details (W) (W)
Window & Skylight Solar Loads
13 m² - - 13 m² - -
Wall Transmission 100 m² - - 100 m² 166 -
Roof Transmission 79 m² - - 79 m² 215 -
Window Transmission 13 m² - - 13 m² 242 -
Skylight Transmission 0 m² - - 0 m² 0 -
Door Loads 2 m² - - 2 m² 37 -
Floor Transmission 67 m² - - 67 m² 154 -
Partitions 23 m² - - 23 m² 0 -
Ceiling 0 m² - - 0 m² 0 -
Overhead Lighting - - - 0 0 -
Task Lighting - - - 0 0 -
Electric Equipment - - - 0 0 -
People - - - 0 0 0
Infiltration - - - - 0 0
Miscellaneous - - - - 0 0
Safety Factor 10% / 5% - - 0% 0 0
>> Total Zone Loads - - - - 814 0
Air System Design Load Summary
120
Zone Conditioning - - - - -294 0
Plenum Wall Load 0% - - 0 0 -
Plenum Roof Load 0% - - 0 0 -
Plenum Lighting Load 0% - - 0 0 -
Return Fan Load - - - 701 L/s 0 -
Ventilation Load - - - 190 L/s 305 0
Supply Fan Load - - - 701 L/s 0 -
Space Fan Coil Fans - - - - 0 -
Duct Heat Gain / Loss 0% - - 0% 0 -
>> Total System Loads - - - - 11 0
>> Total Conditioning - - - - 0 0
Key: Positive values are clg loads Positive values are htg loads
Negative values are htg loads Negative values are clg loads
Zone 1 DESIGN COOLING DESIGN HEATING
COOLING DATA AT Jul 1400 HEATING DATA AT DES HTG
COOLING OA DB / WB 45.8
°C / 29.3 °C HEATING OA DB / WB 12.2
°C / 7.4 °C
OCCUPIED T-STAT 22.0 °C OCCUPIED T-STAT 21.1 °C
Sensible Latent Sensible Latent
ZONE LOADS Details (W) (W) Details (W) (W)
Window & Skylight Solar Loads
13 m² 327 - 13 m² - -
Wall Transmission 100 m² 475 - 100 m² 166 -
Roof Transmission 79 m² 826 - 79 m² 215 -
Window Transmission 13 m² 600 - 13 m² 242 -
Skylight Transmission 0 m² 0 - 0 m² 0 -
Door Loads 2 m² 92 - 2 m² 37 -
Floor Transmission 67 m² 0 - 67 m² 154 -
Partitions 23 m² 28 - 23 m² 0 -
Ceiling 0 m² 0 - 0 m² 0 -
Overhead Lighting 1465 W 1465 - 0 0 -
Task Lighting 0 W 0 - 0 0 -
Electric Equipment 1870 W 1870 - 0 0 -
People 7 514 409 0 0 0
Infiltration - 355 -91 - 0 0
Miscellaneous - 400 1018 - 0 0
Safety Factor 10% / 5% 695 67 0% 0 0
122
2.4.b) active analysis:
Month
Central Cooling Coil Load
(kWh)
January 3127
February 3027
March 3598
April 3878
May 4545
June 4713
July 5097
August 5143
September 4658
October 4355
November 3711
December 3335
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
kWh
MonthJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
>> Total Zone Loads - 7646 1403 - 814 0
123
Total 49188
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Daily Simulation Results for January
kWh
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
124
JANUARY
Day
Central Cooling Coil Load
(kWh)
1 95
2 95
3 95
4 96
5 99
6 101
7 102
8 102
9 101
10 103
11 104
12 103
13 102
14 101
15 96
16 97
17 102
18 98
19 95
20 93
21 95
22 103
23 108
125
24 107
25 103
26 100
27 99
28 102
29 114
30 111
31 105
Total 3127
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Daily Simulation Results for February
kWh
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
126
127
FEBRUARY
Day
Central Cooling Coil Load
(kWh)
1 104
2 107
3 107
4 109
5 116
6 121
7 122
8 121
9 116
10 105
11 105
12 100
13 100
14 103
15 105
16 107
17 108
18 106
19 110
20 102
21 100
22 103
23 108
24 109
25 107
26 107
27 110
28 112
Total 3027
128
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Daily Simulation Results for MarchkW
h
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
129
MARCH
Day Central Cooling Coil Load(kWh)
1 124
2 121
3 112
4 108
5 106
6 102
7 103
8 104
9 110
10 110
11 110
12 113
13 117
14 117
15 114
16 110
17 113
18 115
19 112
20 115
21 116
22 117
130
23 124
24 125
25 123
26 123
27 128
28 130
29 128
30 125
31 122
Total 3598
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Daily Simulation Results for April
kWh
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
131
APRIL
Day Central Cooling Coil Load(kWh)
1 121
2 125
3 131
4 124
5 119
6 122
7 127
8 130
9 131
10 130
11 129
12 127
13 123
14 120
15 123
16 127
17 130
18 130
19 130
20 130
21 130
22 130
132
23 130
24 131
25 132
26 134
27 137
28 139
29 143
30 143
Total 3878
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Daily Simulation Results for May
kWh
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
133
MAY
Day Central Cooling Coil Load(kWh)
1 140
2 138
3 136
4 139
5 141
6 141
7 141
8 144
9 144
10 145
11 147
12 149
13 149
14 145
15 143
16 146
17 146
18 149
19 144
20 144
21 150
22 152
134
23 154
24 151
25 148
26 148
27 149
28 151
29 154
30 159
31 157
Total 4545
135
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Daily Simulation Results for JunekW
h
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
136
JUNE
Day Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
1 155
2 153
3 154
4 158
5 155
6 153
7 151
8 157
9 163
10 163
11 161
12 161
13 159
14 154
15 151
16 152
17 153
18 158
19 159
20 157
21 156
22 157
137
23 161
24 161
25 161
26 161
27 161
28 161
29 156
30 151
Total 4713
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Daily Simulation Results for July
kWh
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
138
JULY
Day Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
1 163
2 159
3 152
4 159
5 166
6 164
7 163
8 161
9 161
10 160
11 163
12 165
13 159
14 166
15 168
16 171
17 169
18 168
19 170
20 165
21 162
22 165
139
23 166
24 169
25 169
26 169
27 167
28 166
29 160
30 163
31 166
Total 5097
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Daily Simulation Results for AugustkW
h
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
141
AUGUST
Day Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
1 165
2 168
3 170
4 165
5 166
6 166
7 167
8 171
9 168
10 170
11 169
12 164
13 163
14 162
15 156
16 168
17 168
18 168
19 165
20 165
21 167
22 168
142
23 165
24 164
25 165
26 164
27 164
28 165
29 167
30 167
31 163
Total 5143
143
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Daily Simulation Results for SeptemberkW
h
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
144
SEPTEMBER
Day Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
1 157
2 158
3 160
4 158
5 162
6 160
7 163
8 165
9 161
10 164
11 162
12 158
13 156
14 156
15 156
16 150
17 154
18 153
19 151
20 151
21 153
22 154
145
23 149
24 148
25 148
26 147
27 151
28 154
29 150
30 149
Total 4658
146
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Daily Simulation Results for OctoberkW
h
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
147
OCTOBER
Day Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
1 153
2 145
3 146
4 144
5 149
6 152
7 153
8 151
9 146
10 143
11 140
12 142
13 143
14 138
15 138
16 144
17 145
18 141
19 134
20 131
21 128
22 137
148
23 139
24 137
25 138
26 136
27 136
28 133
29 128
30 132
31 133
Total 4355
149
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Daily Simulation Results for NovemberkW
h
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
150
NOVEMBER
Day Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
1 139
2 137
3 134
4 129
5 126
6 129
7 132
8 129
9 130
10 127
11 125
12 121
13 122
14 126
15 125
16 122
17 122
18 118
19 121
20 123
21 117
22 113
151
23 116
24 121
25 120
26 115
27 116
28 119
29 120
30 117
Total 3711
152
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Daily Simulation Results for DecemberkW
h
Day of Month2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
153
DECEMBER
Day Central Cooling Coil Load (kWh)
1 111
2 113
3 116
4 117
5 119
6 117
7 112
8 111
9 111
10 115
11 115
12 112
13 106
14 107
15 103
16 100
17 100
18 98
19 101
20 103
21 103
22 104
154
23 109
24 109
25 107
26 109
27 106
28 102
29 101
30 100
31 100
Total 3335
155
6.2 ELECTRICAL ENERGY BALANCE REPORT
6.2.1 INTRODUCTION
One of the main requirements of the solar decathlon competition is the design, installation and commissioning of PV solar system to compensate for the house electrical consumptions. This report contains the house electrical consumption analyses, the designed PV system output and the comparison between the generated power and the house consumptions. Also it includes REACT settings based on the simulation output.
The house electrical equipment details are shown in table 6.2.1. It is worth mentioning that the simulation includes 10% margin to compensate for possible errors.
Table 6.2.1: House electrical details and consumption
Electrical Apparatus Rated Power (kW) Operating time Date Hours
Yearly kWh Consumption
Air‐condition 3.24 12 Hours/90days 90 20 4374
Air‐condition Winter 3.24 4 hours/90days 90 4 874.8
Air‐condition Spring & Autumn 3.24 8 hours/180 days 180 10 4374
Oven 2.1 1 hour/day 365 1 574.875
Cooktop 3 2 hours / day 365 2 1642.5
Dishwasher 1.62 2 hours / day 365 2 886.95
Washing Machine 0.54 3 hours / week 365 0.42 84.47
Dryer 0.09 4 hours/week 365 0.57 18.77
Microwave 0.8 0.5 hour/day 365 0.5 109.5
TV and Computers 0.117 3 hours/day 365 3 128.115
Pump 0.45 1 hour/day 365 1 164.25
Solar Water Heater Pump 0.45 1 hour/day 365 1 164.25
Iron 1 1 hour/day 365 0.5 136.875
Electric Car Charger 3.68 3 hour/day 365 3 3022.2
Lights 0.4 12 hours/day 365 12 1314
Miscellaneous 1 2 hours / day 365 2 730
Total 18599.56
156
The hourly simulations split into three categories:
1. Summer
2. Winter
3. Autumn and Spring
Grounded by the obtained results, summer period represents the worst case scenario due to the Air-condition heavy consumption.
The simulations are based on an energy management system that permits load shifting to maximize the use of solar generated power.
Figure 6.2.1: House hourly electrical consumption during Summer period
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00
KW
Time
Summer Power Consumption
157
Figure 6.2.2: House hourly electrical consumption during Winter period
Figure 6.2.3: House hourly electrical consumption during Spring and Winter periods
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0:00 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 0:00
KW
Time
Winter Power Consumption
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00
KW
Time
Spring And Autumn Consumption
158
6.2.2 PV SOLAR OUTPUTS
Solar panels outputs depend on the following factors:
Sun radiation
Weather conditions (Cloudy, Hot, etc..)
PV panel tilt
PV panel orientation
The panels tilt, and orientation determine the light density on the PV panels. Figures 4 & 5 illustrate the sun path for Dubai, it is clearly shown that the sun path along its angle change with seasons. Unless the solar panels track the sun movements, the generated output power is affected.
Figure 6.2.4: Sun location for Dubai during June
159
Figure 6.2.5: Sun location for Dubai during January
JEEL team designed the system to increase the output power in the morning and evening period without exceeding the 8kW system. JEEL system consists of three PV areas:
1. East Area (Connected to the Third REACT):
a. 2.97kW solar panels
b. Orientation East
c. Tilt at 90 degrees
2. South Area (Connected to the first two REACT)
a. 11.88kW solar panels
b. Orientation South
c. Tilt at 5 degrees
3. West Area (Connected to the Third REACT):
a. 2.97kW solar panels
b. Orientation West
c. Tilt at 90 degrees
160
6.2.3 SOUTH SYSTEM OUTPUTS
This section captures the simulation for the south oriented system. The system contains two REACTs with 11.88kW PV panels connected to each REACT. The simulation uses the weather report provided by SDME during March 2018. Figure 7 shows the provided weather data for each month. The figure shows the global irradiation in W/m2.
Figure 6.2.7: Dubai weather data for each month of the year
6.2.4 SOUTH ORIENTED SYSTEM
The simulation is complete for both REACTs. Figure 8 shows each of the two Reactors output throughout the year. Figure 6.2.9 shows the two REACTs outputs for 1st March, 1th July and 1st November, which is capped at 6KW
161
Figure 6.2.8 shows the simulation output for average output for each month
Figure 6.2.9: 11.88kW South orientation output for a nominated date
6.2.5 EAST AND WEST ORIENTED SYSTEM
This section contains the modeling of the 2.97kW East system and 2.97kW West System. Figure 10 shows the annual generation output of the system.
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0:00 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 0:00 4:48
KW
Time
March July November
162
(a)
(b)
Figure 6.2.10: Annual generation output; (a) East system; (b) West system
Figure 6.2.11 shows the REACT output when both east and west systems are connected for 1st March, 1th July and 1st November, which is capped at 2KW. It is work mentioning that the afternoon data is affected by the weather data obtained from SDME. Figure 12 represents the Sun Radiation as per SDME file, it is clearly shows the drop in the afternoon sun radiation during the afternoon period.
163
Figure 6.2.11: East and West simulation
The figures below show the simulations of sun radiation at the competition period. The wild unexpected drop probably happened because of some irritation and inconvenience, like clouds covering the sensor, sandstorm, and rain. All the figures depend on data that is provided by Dewa.
‐0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
KW
Time
E&W
March July November
164
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
W/m
^2
Time
13/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
W/m
^2
Time
14/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
15/Nov/2018
165
‐200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
16/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
17/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
18/Nov/2018
166
‐200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
19/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
20/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
21/Nov/2018
167
‐50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
22/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
23/Nov/2018
‐10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
24/Nov/2018
168
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
W/m
^2
Time
25/Nov/2018
‐200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
TIme
26/Nov/2018
‐50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
27/Nov/2018
169
6.2.6 SYSTEM OUTPUT
Figure 6.2.13 shows the complete system output. The area that exceed the 8kW power was
capped as it is explained in the part above; moreover, what is left extra from the 8Kw was stored
into the 14kWh battery system. Refer to JEEL control circuit below for more information
‐50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
28/Nov/2018
‐100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
W/m
^2
Time
29/Nov/2018
170
Figure 6.2.13: JEEL output power during 1stMarch, 1th July and 1st November
6.2.7 CONTROL CIRCUIT
Based on the simulation output, the system output exceeds the 8kW requirements as set by
the project. To ensure JEEL design comply with the maximum AC output power, the project uses
ABB REACT system which has a load manager to ensure the AC output of the system doesn’t
exceed the required 8kW.
Figure 6.2.9 shows REACT energy flow. The AC generated power is the summation between
the house load and the grid injected power. Based on figure 13, it is not possible for the system to
exceeds the 8kW AC power at any time (taking into consideration the house load consumption
and the battery storage). Regarding the house load assessment, refer to the attached report titled
“PV System Output and House Electrical Consumption”.
Each of the figures below shows the best case and the worst-case scenario that can
happen for the Power generation of the solar panels. Moreover, several reasons may have
acclimated the differences between the two graphs of each month that is showing below, such as
sand, rain, and clouds. Lastly, all the simulations and results depend on data that was given by
Dewa.
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Total per Hour for an average day per sesoan
March July November
171
Figure: REACT energy flow diagram
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
KW
Time
January Best
South E&W Total
172
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
KW
Time
January Worst
South E&W Total
173
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
KW
Time
Febuary Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
KW
Time
Febuary Worst
South E&W Total
174
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
KW
Time
March Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4:48 6:00 7:12 8:24 9:36 10:48 12:00 13:12 14:24 15:36 16:48
KW
Time
March Worst
South E&W Total
175
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4:48 6:00 7:12 8:24 9:36 10:48 12:00 13:12 14:24 15:36 16:48
KW
Time
April Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
April Worst
South E&W Total
176
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
May Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
May Worst
South E&W Total
177
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
June Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
June Worst
South E&W Total
178
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
July Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
July Worst
South E&W Total
179
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
August Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
August Worst
South E&W Total
180
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
Spetember Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
September Worst
South E&W Total
181
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
October Best
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
October Worst
South E&W Total
182
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November Best
South E&W Total
‐0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November Worst
South E&W Total
183
The simulations below, which depends on data that was given by Dewa, shows how much power
is generated everyday competition day. Any unusual results in the plots probably was a result of
some natural and unnatural obstruction, like rain, clouds, and sand.
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48
KW
Time
December Worst
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
December Best
South E&W Total
184
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 13
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 14
South E&W Total
185
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 15
South E&W Total
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 16
South E&W Total
186
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 17
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 18
South E&W Total
187
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 19
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 20
South E&W Total
188
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 21
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 22
South E&W Total
189
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 23
South E&W Total
‐0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 24
South E&W Total
190
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 25
South E&W Total
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 26
South E&W Total
191
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 27
South E&W Total
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 28
South E&W Total
192
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4:48 6:00 7:12 8:24 9:36 10:48 12:00 13:12 14:24 15:36 16:48
KW
Time
November 29
South E&W Total
193
The Graphs below shows the amount of power generated on a daily basis during the competition period. Each graph has the system total full generated, total generated capped on 8KW, and system capped under SDME rules. The results depend on data that was provided by Dewa, and aby unusual results probably with the effect of rain, sand, or clouds.
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
14th November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
15th November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
194
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
16th November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
17 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
195
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
18 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
19 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
196
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
20 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
21 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
197
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
22 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
23 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
198
‐0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
24 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
25 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
199
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
26 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
27 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
200
6.2.8 REACT LIMITS
Based on the simulation outputs, the system output exceeds the 8kW requirements for a short period. To overcome this issue, the REACT system can be set as per followings:
The two REACT facing south were set to 3kW each
The third REACT was set to 2kW
6.2.9 PV OUTPUT AND HOUSE CONSUMPTION
This section contains the simulations for the house electrical consumptions along with the PV
outputs for summer and winter periods. The table below at figure 9a shows the values of the
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
28 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
‐1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
KW
Time
29 November 2018
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap
201
maximum generated power for three conditions, which are total system generated power, Total
system with JEEL Noval Wasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements, which is explained in Pv
solar outputs and reacts limits section, and total power after its capped under SDME requirements.
From figures 9b-c-d, 10& 11, it is clearly shown that the generated power during all seasons is able
to compensate for the house electrical consumptions.
Figure 9a: table of total power for each day if the competition with the total generated without capping, with total value capping and with SDME capping requirement
Date Total System KW
Total system with JEEL Noval
Wasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap KW as SDME requirements
14‐Nov 43.2022472 43.2022472 43.0498872
15‐Nov 55.977092 55.380092 53.709502
16‐Nov 62.564072 59.668291 56.738542
17‐Nov 51.989491 51.989491 51.018581
18‐Nov 54.9549209 54.9549209 53.9890709
19‐Nov 62.1620989 58.5502849 55.8414289
20‐Nov 53.0739919 53.0739919 52.2994319
21‐Nov 48.5767609 48.5767609 48.3810009
22‐Nov 47.0259469 47.0259469 46.8884869
23‐Nov 59.5970339 57.7312939 55.0995939
24‐Nov 23.97829036 23.97829036 23.97829036
25‐Nov 45.8278144 45.5030544 43.8236544
26‐Nov 61.3798209 59.3526099 56.3384409
27‐Nov 45.0525886 45.0525886 44.8548886
28‐Nov 39.4268331 39.4268331 39.4268331
29‐Nov 46.9134149 46.9134149 46.9134149
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Figure 9b: PV average outputs during the competition along with the House electrical consumption in Summer
Figure 9c: PV average outputs during the competition along with the House electrical consumption in winter
‐2
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4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Consumption VS Generation
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap Consumption in Summer
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Consumption VS Generation
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap Consumption in winter
203
Figure 9d: PV average outputs during the competition along with the House electrical consumption in Spring and
Autumn
Figure 10: PV outputs along with the House electrical consumption without batteries
‐1
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4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Consumption VS Generation
Total System Total system with JEEL NovalWasn’t implemented due to SDME Requirements
Total System with Cap Spring and Autumn
18.59956
22.97139947
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MW\yea
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Consumption VS Productuion Without batteries
Consumption Generation Capped
204
Figure 11: PV outputs along with the House electrical consumption with batteries
As it is showing the battery boosts the house power system. Moreover, the system can
exceed 8KW; however, the system was capped as it is explained in the generation part, which is
the SDME limit. For more information, please check the innovation part of the report.
6.2.10 IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
As it was predicted at the design section of the project, the Solar panels system was able to
generate enough power that was enough for the whole day, even during the night. The amount
of power that was taken from the grid at every night did not exceed 500 W on average, which is
extremely small comparing to what was fed to the grid at the daytime. Figure 12 shows an
example of the power that was predicted to be generated on an average day, which is less than
what was actually generated on average every day. Additionally, figure 13 and figure 14 shows
the total power that was generated on an average day from the south, which shows how the
system was able to reach the peak generation from 11:30 am to 1:30 pm just from the south side.
18.59956
26
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
MW\yea
rConsumption VS Productuion Capped with Batteries
Consumption Generation Capped
205
If what figure 15 is showing were added to the total power, which is what is generated from
the east and west, it can be shown that the system reached peak power generation at 10 am and
did not drop from it until 2:30 pm. Moreover, the presented system was capable of reaching a
maximum generation of 11 kW. However, due to the competition regulations, the system was
capped to 8 kW, which was done by the Reacts system. The React system was responsible of
converting the DC power to AC power, so to cap 8 kW AC, the React system keeps the extra
power as DC power and charges it to the batteries. After testing the system multiple times, we
found out that capping the two Reacts for the south to 3.5kW, and capping the East and West
React to 2 kW is the most efficient way to use the system.
What made this system different than other systems, is it can feed AC power to the house,
grid, and DC power to the batteries at the same, and it can take power form the batteries, grid,
and the solar system at the same time, which is explained below in figure 16. It was the first time in
the Middle East to use this system. Additionally, the Solar panels system have used 53 out of the 54
panels that was implemented for because of the shading problem that the house had from the
east side. The maximum generation for each panel is 330 w, and 36 of these panels were 5
degrees tilt toward the south, 9 with 90 degree tilt toward the west, and 9 with only 8 active toward
the east with also a 90 degree tilt. Because of the east and west solar panels, more sun time was
covered, which allowed us to generate power from 7:00 am until 6:00 pm. In addition, the only
major change for the consumption of the house was the car charger.
The car charger was assumed to only work for three hours every day, but the car charger
actually worked from four to six hours almost every day, which increased the amount of power
that was consumed from the house. However, even with the unexpected increase in the car
charger charging period, the system consumption was still less than what was expected and
calculated to be. Lastly, the React system can communicate with the Automation system, so if the
system consumption was exceeding the allowed limit, the React system can order the automation
system to turn off some appliances, such as the Television, or the washing machine.
206
Figure 12 Prediction for the generated power for an average day during the competition period.
Figure 13 Simulation of the power generation of one of the two Reacts system, which was for the
South solar panels
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7
3:36 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36 18:00
KW
Time
November 22
South E&W Total
South 1
207
Figure 14 Simulation of the power generation of one of the two Reacts system, which was for the
South solar panels
Figure 15 Simulation of the power generation of the React system that was for the East and West
solar panels
South 2
East & West
208
Figure 16 React system functionality
6.2.11 ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS
There are multiple observations that were made after implementing the designed system in
real life. The first observation is the orientation of the house. Due to the way the house was built.
three of the east solar panels were partially shaded, and it was hard to fix this problem after
building the house because of the tight area of the roof. Rotating the house 5 degree clockwise at
the construction period would have fixed this problem, which will make the East side of the
simulation in figure 15 look more similar to the West side.
The amount of batteries, which were seven batteries, is not enough for the system that we
had. When the system was capped to 8 kw AC, the extra power, which was still DC power was
charged in the batteries. So if the batteries were fully charged, the extra DC power will force the
React system to convert them to AC power. Furthermore, to fix the unstable capping problem, the
number of batteries should be increased, or the type of batteries should be changed to have
more capacity.
To improve the aesthetics, the solar panels for east and west should have been
implemented inside the walls, which will also save materials and money. Additionally, there are
multiple types of solar panels that could help, like transpartent solar panels, which can be used as
209
windows. For competition purposes, the area of the house should be increased because of the
way that the competition calculates the power consumption of the house, which is consumption
per meter square.
Overall, the system performance was as predicted. The system was capable of generating
70 kWh per day, 30 kWh of them were consumed by the house, and the extra power, which is 40
kWh were fed to the grid per day 15 MWh per year. This shows that the system is capable of
generating 26 MWh per year, and the consumption will not exceed 11 MWh per year, as it was
calculated in the design period.
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7.1 TEAM COMPETITION STRATEGY The design process was a collaborative effort between the student team, AUD faculty, and
qualified green-design companies with LEED certified professionals that share our vision of improving the quality of life without compromising the depleting resources that are needed by future generations. The student team developed all of the planning, scheduling, and construction details necessary for the project. With the help of AUD faculty and appointed consultants, students collaborated with qualified professionals to ensure constructability of the house. The production of different house elements and their installation is performed by professionals to ensure a higher level of quality. JEEL team members participated in the construction process at all stages to control quality, safety, and time management. Our main objective in the project management part is to develop a smooth transition from schematic conceptions into a real-world embodiment.
7.2 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND TEAM STRUCTURE In order to properly divide work on our Solar House, we developed an organizational
breakdown structure (OBS). It branches responsibilities among different engineering and non-engineering fields that are involved in the project. A top-down approach allows to divide project in field-dedicated tasks, making it more specific, accurate, and manageable.
In our OBS structure, we have two general categories: design and construction. As for the design, we divided it according to different majors. This allows a certain degree of freedom for every field yet keeping everyone under one common task. As for the construction, design members are going to be regrouped into different teams in order to control the actual construction work. At this stage, JEEL team is going to collaborate with construction companies and form executive teams. The OBS, presented in Figure 1 below broadly outlines all of the involved fields that are going to participate in this project.
In order to follow up on our project management objective, a step-by-step organizational chart, Figure 2, was formulated based on the fields from our OBS. It outlines different phases of the project and its corresponding parties. Each phase consists of supervisors whose duty is to make decisions regarding their phase, and responsibility parties that are directly in charge of a phase completion. This chart provides a detailed depiction of different members’ responsibilities making tasks clear and distinct. To better understand our team and to have detailed information of its key members, Table 1 is provided.
7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
211
Figure 1: Organizational Breakdown Structure
Leading Committees: AUD Faculty, Consultants, Construction Company, Student Leader, Project Manager and Construction Manager
Design
Electrical Engineering
Power Generation/ Distribution
Solar Systems
Automation/ Lighting
Mechanical Engineering
MEP
HVAC
Instrumentation
Civil Engineering
Geotechnical Aspects
Structural Design
Wastewater Management
Green Construction
Construction Management
Architectural Design
Building Design
Landscaping
Interior Design
Furnishing
Decoration
Lighting
Marketing and Communication
Awareness Campaign
Website
Social Media
Promotion Events
Presentations
Brochures and Press
Construction
Quality Control and Operation
Mobility and Installation
MEP and Mechanical Instrumentati
on
Structural Works
Electrical Works
Finishing and Decoration
Landscape Works
212
In order to unite responsibilities and create detailed cost estimation and schedule, we
constructed an initial work breakdown structure (WBS) that covers all the phases from initiation to
completion. The WBS is utilized to document and communicate the scope of our work. This scope
Figure 2: Project Phases
213
was then employed to generate main work packages and assign durations and dates. To have a
general visual representation of the project duration, different stages are marked in the Gantt
Chart presented below, Figures 3-4.
Mon
ths
2016 2017 2018
July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
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Nov
embe
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Dec
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Janu
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Feb
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arch
Apr
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May
June
July
Au g
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Sept
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Oct
ober
Nov
embe
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Dec
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Janu
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Feb
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Mar
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Apr
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May
June
July
Aug
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Sept
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Oct
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Sta
ges
A
B
C
D
E Figure 3: Gantt Chart of the Project
Stage Task Deliverables
A Planning & Design Phase
Architectural Plan Structural Plan Electrical Plan Mechanical Plan Health & Safety Plan Transportation Plan (in compliance with the
freight transport rules of the UAE)
B Feasibility & Assembly Plan
Revised Plans Assembly Plan and compatibility check of all plans Financial Feasibility Check Structural and Geotechnical Feasibility Study
C Implementation Phase Assembly at the AUD Disassembly at the AUD
D Location Shift Transportation of the House to Solar Hai Assembly at the Solar Hai
E Operation Onsite maintenance and supervision of residence Disassembly
Figure 4: Gantt Chart Stages
Further, we developed two detailed WBSs that describes activities required for assembly and
dissemble of the house. The two structures can be seen in SO-201. They are necessary to have a
preliminary list of works that were going to be performed. These works were transformed into
214
schedule that would consider time constraints of two weeks for assembly and five days for
disassembly. Major works are broken-down into activities, and assigned detailed durations and
logical relations. Additionally, activities’ costs and number of workers is considered in order to stick
to budget and avoid overcrowdings on site. The tables and graphical representations can be seen
in Table 10 and drawing number SO2-203-204.
JEEL’s agenda also included hosting multiple competitions, workshops, and social gatherings,
establishing a strong awareness campaign about the project, sustainability and green technologies.
Over the next year, the team will continue this tradition and engage in various events related to the
project in line with our marketing and awareness campaign.
7.3 COST ESTIMATE A detailed estimate has been produced and summarized in SO-214 and SO-215. The estimate
addresses in general the activities required for the project. At this stage, this estimate serves the
purpose of a pre-construction estimate, having relatively high accuracy given the information
available. The pre-final rough estimation reveals total cost of 600,000 AED considering the research
and development aspects of the project.
The cost does not include the solar panels and electric equipment which were donated by
sponsors. The amount is estimated based on standard options for construction available in Dubai
market. This estimate is used to discuss required funding with the School of Engineering at AUD and
provide a basic understanding of how funds are going to be allocated among different project
components.
215
Table 2: Cost Estimation for Solar House
ID Description Unit Quantity Cost (AED)
Category Cost (AED)
1 Mobilization, including crane rental 10,000.00 2 Structural Works 147,000.00 2.1 Site preparation - bulk 1000.00 2.2 Foundation – slab on grade m3 30 21,000.00 2.3 Waterproofing, grouting, and screeding m2 70 3,500.00 2.4 Columns and beams – precast concrete m3 20 12,600.00 2.5 Roof slab – hollow core slabs m2 100 24,000.00 2.6 Waterproofing, grouting, and screeding m2 70 3,500.00 2.7 Internal and external wall partitions with ext. insulation m2 210 71,400.00 2.8 External canopy, beams, and columns m3 combined 10,000.00 3 Electrical Works 47,400.00 3.1 Solar assembly installation - bulk 2,000.00 3.2 House wiring and electrical installations m combined 30,000.00 3.3 Installation of electric equipment (provided by ABB) - bulk 10,000.00 3.4 Installation of lighting - bulk 5,400.00 4 Mechanical Works 70,000.00 4.1 Ventilation duct installation m 15 1,800.00 4.2 Tanks & pumps, and installation of heater and AC split
units Ea combined 31,500.00
4.3 House plumbing m combined 27,700.00 4.4 Firefighting sprinkler system m 22 9,000.00 5 Finishing Works 92,200.00 5.1 Floor finishing m2 70 18,200.00 5.2 Painting m2 340 11,900.00 5.3 Doors and windows m2 combined 27,200.00 5.4 Ramp and entrance - bulk 8,700.00 5.5 Sanitary ware installation - bulk 1,200.00 5.6 Fixed interior units (cupboards, kitchen, etc.) - bulk 25,000.00 6 Disassembly, slab-on-grade demolition, site cleanup 150,000.00 7 Contingencies 83,400.00 TOTAL COST 600,000.00
7.4 PROJECT FUNDING PLAN In addition to a full commitment from American University in Dubai financially, the JEEL team’s
efforts at partnerships and collaborations have been very successful. With multiple Memorandum Of
Understanding`s in place to support our efforts from industry leaders, much of the items were
provided for research and implementation, as in-kind or through sponsorship. Our sponsorship
package is available through our website; however, we are also targeting specific needs and
industries to collaborate on our vision.
Our main contractor Al Shafar General Contracting (ASGC) widely known for work on various
special turnkey projects, has agreed to provide us with AED 100,000 for the competition. Dubai
electricity and water authority organizing the prestigious competition and the goodwill of the
university with ASGC further helped our team secure support from ASGC for the foundation work of
Table 2: Cost Estimation for Solar House
216
the home, plumbing and wiring, cement and gypsum boards, labor and important equipment such
as cranes during the construction.
ASEA Brown Boveri(ABB) provides us with state of the art residential energy storage system
called REACT which stands for Renewable Energy Accumulator and Conversion Technology to help
us efficiently store the excess energy produced by our home. The competition is the first time the
REACT is going to be used in the middle east. ABB also provides us the Free@Home automation
system to automate the various power points, equipment and appliances in the home.
Hard Precast Building Systems (HPBS) is a leader in precast concrete companies in the U.A.E.
HPBS provided us with the manufacture, logistics and installation of all precast elements used in our
home. Precast elements are environmentally friendly- require less energy for transportation and
manufacturing, and are faster in installation than cast in-situ elements. HPBS also provide the hollow
core slabs, which are lighter and are a key part of elements used in construction of the home.
The solar panels used for our home are provided by Canadian Solar. Canadian Solar is a
production leader of solar panels and part of the big three solar companies in the world. Metito the
leading provider of intelligent water management solution in the region, is providing the ”JEEL” team
with the complete system for greywater treatment. Metito specializes in custom design and
manufacturing of the water management and greywater system. The system design by the
collaboration of JEEL team and Metito is Bio-pipe and can treat greywater and black water.
Metito the leading provider of intelligent water management solution in the region, is
providing the ”JEEL” team with the complete system for greywater treatment. Metito specializes in
custom design and manufacturing of the water management and greywater system. The system
design by the collaboration of JEEL team and Metito is Bio-pipe and can treat greywater and black
water.
The “JEEL” team is trained in key essential areas such as Health and Safety and First Aid, by
Smart Engineering Leadership and Excellence In Management (SELEM DMCC) through a fruitful
partnership. The company provides consultancy and training at the highest quality and standard
practices.
217
Function Required Amounts of freshwater
Without greywater reuse (L/day)
Required Amounts of freshwater
when greywater is reuse indoor (L/day)
Notes
Drinking Water 0 0 6 liter (12 liter ) but bottle water was used as provided water is not drinkable
Water for kitchen Sink
60 (100) 15 (25) For 15 minutes of usage
Water for dishwashing
20 (30) 5 (8) For one cycle a day plus one rinsing
Laundry 60 (60) 15 (15) For one cycle per day
Shower 160 (160) 40 (40) 160 liter for shower (40 liters per shower and 4 rounds of shower per day)
Flushing toilet 0 0 80 liters for flushing but greywater can be used
Bathroom faucet 55 (77) 14 (20) 55 liters for bathroom faucet (10 minutes of flow)
Irrigation 0 (0) 0 (0) Minimum irrigation water demand is 90 liters for typical yard. However this amount is excluded since treated greywater is used
Total (one day) 355 (427) 89 (108) For one day only
Total (for 15 days) 5397
liters
14 days normal usage plus one peak day
usage
1620
liters
For indoor graywater reuse: first day no reuse, 13 day normal load and gathering day peak usage
- For the scenario that greywater is used for all fixtures inside house (third column), 75% of water demand is satisfied by treated greywater.
- Values in parenthesis are associated with gathering time in the house. The toilet was considered to be in service regardless of specific condition of this competition.
- Water demand to fill storage tank devoted to needed fire flow (for sprinklers) is about 14 m3.
- In addition to normal water supply, some wastewater was delivered to the site to feed the biological treatment system in advance and make sure that bacterial activities in the Biopipe are acceptable.
8. DETAILED WATER BUDGET
218
The JEEL team has been working hard at securing partners and sponsors for the project. We
are proud to announce the following sponsorships and collaborations:
Al Shafar General Contracting (ASGC) is a leading construction group that have in the past been
credited for delivering landmark turn-key projects in the U.A.E. A stalwart of the construction scene
since 1989, the group specialize in projects across various categories- residential, commercial,
industrial to name a few. The group proud themselves on having a clear vision for the future, “To
deliver all our projects with an uncompromising commitment to our customers` needs while
exceeding their expectations through the application of cutting edge-technologies, processes
and practices”. The group are the main contractors for the project. The group have vast amount
of experience having successfully completed over three thousand projects. The group mentored
the JEEL team at various stages - in the planning, execution and implementation of the project.
The group provided expertise and resources for foundation work, plumbing, wiring, labor and
equipment during the construction phase. Furthermore, ASGC are contributing AED100,000 to the
project as part of the sponsorship package.
ASEA Brown Boveri (ABB) is a pioneer and leader in power grids, electrical and industrial automation,
robotics and utilities. The company`s current vision of automating industries from start to finish and
providing electrical solutions from the generation to the consumption serve as the inspiration for the
sponsorship of the JEEL team. ABB has a very active portfolio of supporting universities to develop
technologies of the future. The company brings one hundred thirty years of experience in
automation systems and solutions to our project. The company drove the automation of the project
in collaboration with JEEL team of students by providing the REACT and Free@Home systems. The
REACT system is ABB`s residential energy storage system and is being used for the first time in the
middle east. The Free@Home system, is ABB`s state of the art offering for customizable automation
control of the home. The JEEL students team are eager to work on both cutting edge technologies,
with ABB`s esteemed support to automate the house and efficiently manage the generated energy.
9. COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS AND SPONSORING COMPANIES
219
Hard Precast Building Systems(HPBS) has agreed to deliver “Total Precast Solutions” to the project
from a design and value engineering perspective. The company provided support at various stage
from manufacture, logistics and installation of the precast elements. One of the leading companies
in the industry since its inception in 2004, HPBS provides pre-stressed hollow core slabs, precast beams
and columns, and boundary walls and footings of the highest standard. HPBS have a production
facility spanning over a million square feet that has the capacity to produce two thousand square
meters of hollow core slabs and seven hundred cubic meters of precast elements per day, using the
most forefront manufacturing technology provided by Avermann & Wiggert+Co and KoneCrane.
Canadian Solar has provided the JEEL team with the solar panels for energy generation. The motto
of the company is to make a difference in existence by providing exceptional solar products and
services. Canadian Solar is the leading manufacture of solar PV modules. The solar energy solutions
provided are of the highest standards, honed by experience of geographically diverse utility scale
projects. The company has production facilities in Canada, China and Vietnam with reach in all
major countries. A total of 29GW of panels have been manufactured and satisfied customers have
worked with Canadian Solar for the past 17 years.
Metito design and build total intelligent water management solutions and have operations in
chemicals and water utilities. Founded in 1958, the Metitio group is an industry leader in world class
comprehensive water treatment and management systems across the oil, industrial and municipal
sectors. Custom design of water systems is a specialty of Metito having experience of more than
three thousand completed projects. The Metito group collaborated with the JEEL mechanical team
and provide the home with the water management system that is able to treat grey water and
black water. Metito are committed to the cause of developing systems to boost sustainable
development, for a greater sustainable environment.
220
Smart Engineering Leadership and Excellence in Management (SELEM) Consultancy have agreed
to provide the health and safety and first aid training to students of the JEEL team. The company
provides high quality consultancy services to individual and organizations to adopt most up to date
practices and standards. Systematic ability is one of pillars of Selem along with value added service
which helps institutions increase their market adaptability and reduce market risk. The company
focuses on innovative consultancy, competency management and smart solutions for boosting
client`s strategy and development.
Green Technologies is one of the most reputable companies in the field of green building. They
have joined the AUD team to make the project more successful. Green Technologies, founded in
1998, is a company committed to excellence in engineering and sustainability; offering specialist
consultancy services in MEP and sustainable engineering spanning design, operations, and
maintenance. It addresses smart MEP engineering, large capacity cooling plants, renewable energy
engineering, water treatment, building simulations, and retrofit of existing facilities. Most Importantly,
Green Technologies is committed to providing improved and healthy buildings. The company has
also been at the forefront of LEED and sustainability consulting, since 1998. Green Technologies
brings to the JEEL project over 3 Million square meters of LEED and sustainability project experience.
It has recently been involved in delivering the first ‘Net Zero’ home in the Middle East through the
integration of Renewable Energy. Green Technologies is a US Green Building Council (USGBC)
education partner, and delivers USGBC Accredited and Faculty-led LEED Workshops. These
workshops include awareness, understanding and implementing levels of the LEED Rating Systems,
and engineering. Its Green Advocacy is now spread over seven countries, having reached out to
over 10,000 professionals. Green Technologies is committed to guiding AUD students and faculty into
planning, and executing a Solar Decathlon project that is sustainable, innovative, and entirely
environmentally friendly.
221
A multi-discipline team of AUD students and faculty from Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical
Engineering, Architecture, Interior Design, and Visual Communications is focused on this project. The
main leader and advisor of the team is Dr. Peiman Kianmehr, associate professor of Civil Engineering,
principal investigator, and prime recipient. The Dean of the School of Engineering at AUD, Dr. Alaa
Ashmawy is the principal funder of this project and is committed to its success. The design process
was a collaborative effort between the student team, AUD faculty, and a qualified green-design
company with LEED certified professionals that share our vision of improving the quality of life without
compromising the depleting resources that are needed by future generations. The construction was
partially done by a company(ies) that are qualified in green construction and have either in-house
capabilities or assigned sub-consultants.
Students from Architecture, Engineering, Interior Design, and Marketing disciplines at AUD
collaborated with the AUD faculty and the appointed consultants throughout the design and the
construction stages. The JEEL construction team assessed all designs for the building based on
conventional construction management objectives and concerns such as cost, scheduling,
practicality, productivity, and sustainability concerns including carbon footprint, embodied energy,
material to service intensity and reusability.
Table 1: List of Team Officials
Title Student?
First Name Last Name Phone number E-mail
Project Manager Yes Omer Nuwarah +971 508290972 [email protected]
Co-Student Team Leader Yes Kailash Soni +971 508531709 [email protected]
Co-Student Team Leader Yes Genevieve Graham +971585102774 [email protected]
Communications Coordinator Yes Genevieve Graham +971585102774 [email protected]
Sponsorship Manager Yes Anurudh Sharma +971 527886622 [email protected]
Project Architect Yes Stephanie Al Rahbani +971528560850 [email protected]
Co-Project Engineer Yes Kareem Zaidan +971 525199646 [email protected]
Co-Project Engineer Yes Daniel Oladeji +971 528203124 [email protected]
Structural Engineer Yes Kareem Zaidan +971 525199646 [email protected]
Co-Electrical Engineer Yes Ahmed Elkeir +971502855544 [email protected]
Co-Electrical Engineer Yes Abdalla Ali Salih +971561083034 [email protected]
Instrumentation Lead Yes Ahmed Rahmy +971 523077125 [email protected]
Site Operations Coordinator Yes Omer Nuwarah +971 508290972 [email protected]
Contest Captain Yes Genevieve Graham +971585102774 [email protected]
Health and Safety Coordinator Yes Hyaat Al-Hindwan +971 507414759 [email protected]
10. TEAM OFFICIALS
222
JEEL TEAM
Title Student/Faculty First Name Last Name Email
Faculty
Faculty ‐ Project
Principle Funder Alaa Ashmawy [email protected]
Faculty - Leading Faculty
Advisor Peiman Kainmehr [email protected]
Faculty Elias Saqan [email protected]
Faculty Mohamad Nessereddine [email protected]
Faculty Ghaleb Ibrahim [email protected]
Faculty Vinod Pangracious [email protected]
Staff Nesrene Salam [email protected]
Staff Loreto Araojo [email protected]
Staff Smitha David [email protected]
Project Manager Student Omer Nuwarah [email protected]
Student Team Leader Student Kailash Soni [email protected]
Student Genevieve Graham [email protected]
Communications
Coordinator Student Genevieve Graham [email protected]
Sponsorship Manager Student Anurudh Sharma [email protected]
Project Architect
Student - Team Leader Lea Halabi [email protected]
Student - Team Leader Stephanie Al Rahbani [email protected]
Project Engineer Student Kareem Zaidan [email protected]
Student Daniel Oladeji [email protected]
Structural Engineer Student ‐ Lead Kareem Zaidan [email protected]
Electrical Engineer Student - Lead Ahmed Elkeir [email protected]
Electrical Engineer Student - Lead Abdalla Ali Salih [email protected]
Electrical Engineer Student - Lead Anurudh Sharma [email protected]
Electrical Engineer Student Ali Yaqoob [email protected]
Electrical Engineer Student Ahmad Mehravaran [email protected]
Electrical Engineer Student Alaa Derhem [email protected]
Health & Safety Coordinator Student Hyaat Al‐Hindwan [email protected]
Site Operation Coordinator Student Omer Nuwarah [email protected]
Contest Captain Student Genevieve Graham [email protected]
Instrumentation Contact Student Ahmed Rahmy [email protected]
Mechanical Engineer Student Daniel Oladeji [email protected]
Mechanical Engineer Student Ahmed Rahmy [email protected]
Computer Engineer Student Kailash Soni [email protected]
Computer Engineer Student Hadi El Baba [email protected]
Computer Engineer Student Hyaat Al‐Hindwan [email protected]
223
Electricity Generation from solar energy is the key to a sustainable and resourceful future for
the generations to come. The name of our project, “Jeel” meaning (Generation) in Arabic, has
been selected to reflect this message.
Our Logo reflects a green theme through Jeel, with the incorporation of the Arabic J,
representing and incorporating sustainability. Our uniforms incorporated our logo, AUD logo and
SDME logo.
11. TEAM UNIFORM DESIGN
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Team Jeel recognizes the importance of spreading awareness and interest in sustainability. We aim to have a
strong relationship with our supporters and to inspire many new ones throughout this journey. We consider ourselves
lucky to be able to talk about the 2018 Solar Decathlon and show that sustainability is achievable anywhere in the
world. Team Jeel has hosted and presented at several events to achieve these social goals. Four of our most notable
events thus far have been the Women in Engineering Leadership Summit, the sustainable engineering poster
competition, the engineering fair presentation, and the “What Is ‘It” To You” media campaign.
The American University in Dubai hosted the Women in Engineering Leadership Summit in October of 2016. It
was focused on celebrating women’s increasing presence in engineering and encouraging innovative thinking from all
people. The subtheme of the summit was “Beyond Boundaries.” The 2018 Solar Decathlon was presented as a way in
which AUD continues to create opportunities for its student body and push for innovative thinking. At the present, four
out of five of Team Jeel’s student leaders are female.
LINK: https://engr.aud.edu/news/newsdetails.asp?newsID=6
Team Jeel has aimed to create awareness of the Solar Decathlon within the student body of
AUD. In that pursuit, we hosted a competition open to all AUD students to create a poster themed
for sustainability. Students were required to pick a topic and create an informative and aesthetically
appealing poster. To create awareness and galvanize sustainably minded thinking is our ultimate
goal. While viewing the created posters, Team Jeel also presented on the 2018 Solar Decathlon and
its importance. In doing so, we gained further support.
17. DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES
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Team Jeel has defined its target audience to be the UAE’s high school junior and senior
students as well as sponsor companies and their affiliates. The first as they are uniquely positioned
to spread messages throughout the world and be an integral part of helping create a sustainable
future. Our first presentation to this focus group was at the American University in Dubai
engineering fair. High school students representing numerous high schools in the UAE were in
attendance. Team Jeel presented our project and encouraged the students to pursue science
and sustainability in their future careers. Team Jeel has continued this mission byv visiting high
schools in the UAE and presenting on SDME and the relevance of sustainability. Team Jeel intends
to continue going directly to many of the UAE high school’s to communicate the same message
and create further awareness of the 2018 Solar Decathlon Middle East.
2017/2018 Events
Date Event type Title Place Attendance
Oct 2017 Summit Women in Engineering Leadership
Summit American University in
Dubai 50-150
Oct 2017 Exposition WeTex Dubai Convention Center 1000+
Nov 2017 Competition AUD’s SDME Poster Contest American University in
Dubai
100-200
Dec 2017 Competition AUD’s SDME Poster Contest American University in
Dubai
50-100
Feb 2018 Career Fair AUD Engineering Fair American University in
Dubai
300
Mar 2018 Presentation High School Outreach GEMS International School 50
Mar 2018 Presentation High School Outreach Dubai High School 50-100
Apr 2018 Presentation Jeel Presentation American University in
Dubai
100+
Sept 2018 Presentation Presentation to Sponsors Home Center 5-10
Oct 2018 Exposition WeTex Dubai Convention Center 1000+
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Team Jeel has also been active on social media as to generate press for the 2018 Solar Decathlon. Team Jeel recognizes that keeping our supporters up to date on our progress is important to team and community spirit. In addition to our progress updates, Team Jeel is using social media to generate awareness of sustainability and how it might relate to our audience on a personal level. We created a “What Does ‘It’ Mean To You” social media campaign in order to take large topics of sustainability and make them personal. Team Jeel believes that in order to successfully create a sustainable future, everyone must be aware of how his or her own actions impact the world. We hope that our social media campaigns, carried out on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and our website, helped in making our world a healthier and more sustainable place.
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18. PROJECT MEDIA APPEARANCES
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The Construction Specifications are covering throughout the manual, with references to the drawings in each section. You may refer to the Constructions & Engineering Narrative and Annex 5 for these references.
14. CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
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ANNEX 1 GREY WATER SYSTEM DETAILS
15. ANNEXES
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ANNEX 2 STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS
ANNEX 2.1 Load Calculations
The loads applied on each of the house roof slab, and the house foundation slab are
different and they were calculated according to the different elements present on each structure.
The loads were divided into dead loads and live loads. The live loads were obtained from ASCE7-
10 according to the occupancy of the structure which was taken to be residential for the roof slab.
However, the live load for the foundation slab was considered to be 5 kN/m2 considering it a
public space.
Table 2 shows the superimposed dead load on the foundation slab. The considered
dead load on the foundation slab is conservative in order to account for the worst case. The live
load shown in Table 2 was considered as a public space from ASCE7-10.
Table 2: Service Loads Applied on the Roof Slab
Name of Load Type of Load Load Application Magnitude of Load (kN/m2)
Solar Panels Dead Distributed 0.15
Solar Panels Frames Dead Distributed 0.8
MEP Works Dead Distributed 0.5
Self‐Weight of Slab Dead Distributed 3.77
Finishing Dead Distributed 0.35
Concrete Topping (Thick: 75mm) Dead Distributed 1.875
Roof Live Load Live Distributed 1
Table 3. Service Loads Applied on the Foundation Slab
Name of Load Type of
Load
Load
Application Magnitude of Load (kN/m2)
Dead Load Dead Distributed 2
Live Load Live Distributed 5
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120mm
300m
940mm
Wind load and seismic load were considered in the load combinations and the Etabs
model. However, the wind and seismic loads did not govern. All load combinations considered are
in accordance with ACI 318-14.
ANNEX 2.2 House Design
The house consists of pre cast concrete structural elements except for the foundation
slab which also acted as the floor slab, it was cast in situ reinforced concrete. Hollow core slabs are
used for the house roof which rested on precast beams that are simply supported by pre cast
columns. Except for the hollow core slabs, all elements of the structure are connected using
dowels and dowel sleeves. The dowels from one element goes in the dowels sleeve of the second
element and the sleeve is then filled with grout. The column rested on the foundation slab which
acts as the foundation as well as the floor slab and is connected in the same way as the other
precast elements. Dowels came out from the foundation slab and were then connected to the
column’s dowels sleeve and filled with grout. Using pre cast concrete and dowel connections
ensure having a stable structure and having a structure which can be easily assembled and de-
assembled.
ANNEX 2.3 House Roof Design
The house roof consisted of pre cast hollow core slabs. Each slab has a width of 1.2m
and thickness of 265mm. The largest span of the slabs is 10m and the smallest span is 6.8m. The
slabs were designed for the worst case which is the 10m span and flexural design strength was
found to be 337.8 kN. m. The slabs are resting on pre cast beams which carry the loads from the
roof slab. The beams are simply supported on pre cast columns. One section was designed for the
columns based on the column supporting two beams which is the worst case. Also, one section
was designed for all the beams considering the worst condition which is the beam carrying half the
load from the roof slab. An L section for the precast beam was designed using Prokon with the
following dimensions:
However, when modeling the whole structure using Etabs, a 250 x 515 mm rectangular beam was
used since Etabs does not have the option to insert an L beam. The modeled rectangular beam
250mm
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gives a gross area of 129000 mm2 while the L beam has the gross area of 187800 mm2. Hence
having a more conservative model. Therefore, using the L beam in construction is acceptable.
ANNEX 2.4 House Foundation Slab Design
The house foundation slab was designed to be a cast in situ structural component
which acted as both the floor slab as well as the raft foundation for the house. The foundation slab
caried the loads from the columns in addition to the superimposed dead load and the live load. A
slab with a thickness of 250mm and T10-200 top and bottom mesh was modeled using Safe and all
checks were completed. However, it was required to put additional bottom reinforcement of T10-
200 for PC01-07 which is transferring the largest load to the slab. With the additional bottom
reinforcement, all checks were satisfied.
