Attractiveness Is beautiful or handsome synonymous with good?
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Transcript of Attractiveness Is beautiful or handsome synonymous with good?
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Attractiveness
Is “beautiful” or “handsome” synonymous with “good”?
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Is beauty only skin deep?• Is attractiveness a
superficial feature?• The survival of a
genetic line hinges on mate selection.
• Like it or not, physical appearance plays a major role in life.
• 82% of males and 93% of females “are actively oriented toward maintaining an attractive appearance.”
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Is beauty culturally universal?• 6 month old
infants turn their heads toward attractive faces and away from unattractive faces (Rubenstein, Kalakanis, & Longlois (1999).
• People in different cultures generally agree on which faces are attractive (Cunningham et al. 1995; Langlois et al. 2000; Perrett et al. 1994)
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Looking up to leaders
• Since 1900, the taller candidate has won 19 of 28 presidential elections– Obama 6’2”, McCain
5’9”– Only 3 of 43
American presidents -- James Madison, Benjamin Harrison and Martin Van Buren -- have been under 5 feet 7 inches
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Size matters
• For Men• Half of all CEOs are 6’ or
more.• A 2004 study found that
every inch of height adds $789 in salary per year.
• The study controlled for gender, weight and age.
• Someone who is 6’ tall earns $5,525 more annually than someone who is 5’6”.
• For Women• Taller women earned
more as a result of their height, though they gained only two-thirds that of the men.
• In a British study, both sexes judged taller women to be more intelligent, assertive, independent and ambitious.
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The “Beauty is good” stereotype• Dion, Berschied, & Walster
(1972) developed the “beauty is good” stereotype.– Children’s fairly tales equate
beauty with goodness– Popular TV reality shows
emphasize vanity– Celebutards: Jessica Simpson,
Britney Spears, Lindsay Lohan
• Tabloids and women’s magazines focus on looks
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A double standard for attractiveness?• Older male news
anchors– Daine Sawyer = 64– Wolf Blitzer = 62– Bill O’Reilly = 61– Katie Couric = 53
• Older male actors– Sean Connery,
Harrison Ford, Bruce Willis
• Heavy set actors vs. actresses
• Men become “distinguished” with age
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Biology and attractiveness
• Evolutionary selection:– facial attractiveness
affects mate selection and the likelihood of reproductive success.
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Facial symmetry
• Facial symmetry and proportionality is preferred– Bilateral
symmetry: left and right sides of the face are mirror images
– Proportionality: equally sized features
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Asymmetrical faces
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Averageness
• faces with average features are preferred
• faces that are closer to average are consistently rated as more attractive
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Sexual dimorphism• For female faces, greater
feminization is preferred• For male faces, results are
mixed– More recent studies show
a slight preference for feminized male faces
– Women’s preferences shift toward masculine faces during ovulation
– “Men, gay or straight, prefer high sexual dimorphism in the faces of the sex that they are attracted to.
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Sexual dimorphism
• Examples of masculinized (right) and feminized (left) versions of a male face.