Attivita legate alla missione Proposta per sviluppo missione satellitare (dimostrare la necessità)...

Attivita’ legate alla missione• Proposta per sviluppo missione satellitare (dimostrare la

necessità)• Concezione e fattibilità della missione proposta• Sviluppo strumento, piattaforma, vettore• Sviluppo algoritmi di trattamento dati• Messa in orbita, in funzione (commissioning) e

monitoraggio missione• Acquisizione, diffusione ed elaborazione dati e prodotti• Validazione dei prodotti

UTENTI: Protezione civile

SCIENZIATI: CNR, Università, INAF

INDUSTRIE: Thales-Alenia, Serco

AGENZIE SPAZIALI: ESA, EUMETSAT, ASI

SALVARE VITE UMANE E STRUTTURE DALLE CONSEGUENZE DI EVENTI DI PRECIPITAZIONI INTENSE

FARE UNA PREVISIONE DELLA PRECIPITAZIONE AL SUOLO CON 48 ORE DI ANTICIPO, UN ERRORE SULLA PRECIPITAZIONE DEL 30%, SULLA SUA LOCALIZZAZIONE DI 5 KM E SUL TEMPO DI 1 ORA E TRASMETTERE LA PREVISIONE AGLI ORGANISMI COMPETENTI ENTRO 1 ORA.

MISURARE OGNI 6 ORE (ALL WEATHER) ENTRO 1000 KM PROFILI DI VAPOR D’ACQUA CON UN ERRORE DEL 10%, UN CAMPIONAMENTO VERTICALE DI 2 KM NELLA TROPOSFERA, ED UN CAMPIONAMENTO ORZZONTALE DI 50 KM E TRASMETTERE LA MISURA AI CENTRI DI PREVISIONE ENTRO 1 ORA.

AVERE UNA RETE DI 2 SATELLITI IN ORBITA BASSA ELIOSINCRONA E TRA LORO PERPENDICOLARE CON RADIOMETRI A MICROONDE CON UN’ANTENNA DI 2 M, MISURE NELLE BANDE DI ASSORBIMENTO DELL’02 (E DEL VAPOR D’ACQUA PER UN TOTALE DI xxx CANALI ALLE FREQUENZE yyy E RISPETTIVAMENTE DI LARGHEZZA SPETTRALE zzz CON UN ERRORE RADIOMETRICO MASSIMO ASSOCIATO DI vvv K

Retrieval methods

– Analytical solution– Functional regression– LUT, Bayesian Approach– Neural network– Variational assimilation– Iterative techniques (first-guess)

Source of calibration/training datasetEmpirical (training data base) A-posterioriRTM based (RTM model)

OBSERVATION GEOMETRY (S, V, )

SURFACE ( (S, V, , ) ,zo)

CLOUDS (SSOP( ,z)*,( ,z))

AEROSOLS (SSOP( ,z)*,( ,z))

INSTRUMENT CHARACTERISTICS :

NOISE, FILTER RESPONSES, MULLER SIMULATED

INSTRUMENT

MODEL

RADIATIVE

TRANSFER

EQUATION SOLVER

ALTITUDE

INCLINATION

PERIOD

EQ. PASS. TIME

SCANNING

CHARACTERISTICS

ORBIT MODEL

SCANNING MODEL

EARTH SUBSATELLITE POSITION

INSTRUMENT SIMULATOR• GAS ABSORPTION FROM MAJOR AND MINOR GASES

• MULTIPLE SCATTERING

• POSSIBILITY TO INTRODUCE USER DEFINED DETAILED INPUT

• SPECTRAL RESOLUTION AND RANGE ADEGUATE

CLEAR SKY ATMOSPHERE THERMODYNAMIC PROFILE (T(z),p(z), gas(z))

INPUT UPWELLING

RADIANCES

SIMULATEDMEASURED

RADIANCES

(*) SSOP: Single Scattering Optical Properties

SSA

Legendre Polynomial coefficients

GAS EXTINCTION PROFILE (( ,z))

MOLECULAR SCATTERING PROFILE (SSOP( ,z),( ,z))

Dataset terminologyLEVEL 0: Raw data [binary counts] Space agencyLEVEL 1: Image data in sensor co-ordinates. Individual

calibrated channels.[Radiances] Algorithm developers

LEVEL 2: Derived geophysical variables geolocated but generally still in image coordinates Users

LEVEL 3: Composite (time and space) geophysical products resampled into standard map projection (single sensor can still contain gaps) Users

LEVEL 4: As level 3 with gaps filled. This can be done by merging level 3 from different sensors or filling the gaps with models (objective analysis, forecast model etc..) Users

Validazione tramite confronto con misura di riferimento

PROCESSING α

REFERENCEINSTRUMENT

PROCESSING ß

SATELLITE

VALIDATION

? QUANTITATIVEMODEL SKILLESTIMATOR

Validazione basata sull’impatto nell’applicazioneChe succede se non assimiliamo i satelliti?

S.H.

N.H.

~3 days at day 5

~2/3 to 3/4 of a day at day 5

Tipi di missione

• Operativa

• Tematica

• D’opportunita’ e/o di ricerca

ECMWF’s operational analysis and forecasting system

The comprehensive earth-system model developed at ECMWF forms the basis for all the data assimilation and forecasting activities. All the main applications required are available through one integrated computer software system (a set of computer programs written in Fortran) called the

Integrated Forecast System or IFS• Numerical scheme: TL799L91 (799 waves around a great circle on the globe, 91 levels 0-80 km) semi-Lagrangian formulation

• Time step: 12 minutes

• Prognostic variables: wind, temperature, humidity, cloud fraction and water/ice content, pressure at surface grid-points, ozone

• Grid: Gaussian grid for physical processes, ~25 km, 76,757,590 grid points

T,q Sounders: IASI, AMSU-A, MHS, HIRS/4, GRAS Imager: AVHRR-3 (nubi, sst)Atmospheric composition (profile) GOME-2 Sea surface wind (soil moisture) ASCATOthers: SEM, ADC-S, S&R

T,q Sounders: IASIATOVS=(AMSU-A + MHS + HIRS/4)GRAS Imager: AVHRR-3 (nubi, sst)Atmospheric composition (profile) GOME-2 Sea surface wind (soil moisture) ASCATOthers: SEM, ADC-S, S&R

www.ecmwf.int/products/forecasts/d/overview/monitoring/coverage/dcover!synop-ship!00!pop!od!mixed!w_coverage!latest!obs

METOP

ENVISAT

• ASAR: Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar operating at C-band, ASAR ensures continuity with the image mode (SAR) and the wave mode of the ERS-1/2 AMI.

• MERIS programmable, medium-spectral resolution, imaging spectrometer operating in the solar reflective spectral range. 15 spectral bands can be selected by ground command, each of which has programmable width and location in the 390 nm to 1040 nm spectral range.

• AATSR Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer: to establish continuity of the ATSR-1 and ATSR-2 data sets of precise SST, thereby ensuring the production of a unique 10 year near-continuous data set at the levels of accuracy required (0.3 K or better) for climate research and for the community of operational as well as scientific users who have been developed through the ERS-1 and ERS-2 missions.RA-2 Radar Altimeter 2 is an instrument for determining the 2-way delay of the radar echo from the Earth's surface to a very high precision: < 1 ns. It also measures power and shape of the reflected radar pulses.

• MWR MW Radiometer measurement of the integrated atmospheric water vapour column and cloud liquid water content, as correction terms for the radar altimeter signal. In addition, MWR measurement data are useful for the determination of surface emissivity and soil moisture over land, for surface energy budget investigations to support atmospheric studies, and for ice characterization.

• GOMOS measures atmospheric constituents by spectral analysis of spectral bands between 250-675 nm, 756-773 nm, and 926-952 nm. Additionally, 2 photometers operate in 2 spectral channels; between 470 nm to 520 nm and 650 nm to 700 nm, respectively.

• MIPAS Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding is a Fourier transform spectrometer for the measurement of high-resolution gaseous emission spectra at the Earth's limb. It operates in the near to mid IR where many of the atmospheric trace-gases playing a major role in atmospheric chemistry have important emission features.

• SCIAMACHY imaging spectrometer whose primary mission objective is to perform global measurements of trace gases in the troposphere and in the stratosphere.

• DORIS Doppler Orbitography & Radio-positioning Integrated by Satellite instrument is a MW tracking system that can be utilized to determine the precise location of the ENVISAT satellite.

• LRR passive device used as a reflector by ground-based SLR stations using high-power pulsed lasers. In the case of Envisat, tracking using the LRR is principally accomplished by the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS).

ENVISAT INSTRUMENTSSCANNING GEOMETRY

ceos.cnes.fr:8100/cdrom-00b/ceos1/satellit/envisat/insnts00/index.htm

NADIRLIMB

Reti di satelliti

• Rete operativa

• Costellazioni

• A-train

Rete operativa di satelliti geostazionari

Hsat=36000 km

TOVS/ATOVS satellite data 1978-2002Satellites and instrumentsERA-40 observing system: TOVS/ATOVS archive

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02

OCT FEB

TIROS-N

JUN APR

NOAA-6APR NOV

JUN FEB

NOAA-7

APR JUN

NOAA-8

DEC NOV

NOAA-9

NOV SEP

NOAA-10

SEP JAN

NOAA-11JUL APR

MAY DEC

NOAA-12

APR

NOAA-14

JUL

NOAA-15

OCT

NOAA-16

HIRS

MSU

SSU

AMSU-A

AMSU-B

YEAR

Current and future space observing system (from WMO)

I satelliti orbitano a una quota di 20200 Km ad una velocità di 3.9km/s in orbite circolari.

6 piani orbitali equispaziati lungo l’equatore, a un’inclinazione di 55°. 4 satelliti per piano orbitale (totale=24).

Costellazione GPS

Cosmic-formosat 6 satelliti

TRMM-TMI 1 day coverage

Global precipitation mission: GPMCopertura tipica a 3 ore

A-trainMissions with the equator crossings in early A-fternoon (and also middle of the night, ~ 1:30 am), Morning Constellation: Terra, Landsat-7, SAC-C and New Millennium Programs Earth Observing-

1 (EO-1).

AQUAMODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer AIRS - Atmospheric Infrared Sounder AMSU-A - Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A HSB - Humidity Sounder for Brazil AMSR-E - Advanced Microwave Radiometer for EOS CERES - Cloud's and the Earth's Radiant Energy System

CLOUDSATCPR - Cloud Profiling Radar

CALIPSOCALIOP - Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization IIR - Imaging Infrared Radiometer WFC - Wide Field Camera

PARASOLPOLDER - POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances

AURAHIRDLS - High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder MLS - Microwave Limb Sounder OMI - Ozone Monitoring Instrument TES - Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer

OCO3 Grating Spectrometers (CO2 estimation)

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