1.AttitudesAQA Physical Education

2. Attitudes LOs Define Attitudes, beliefs and values Explain the difference between attitudes,beliefs and values Describe the Components of an attitude Explain how attitudes are formed Explain how to change attitudes throughpersuasive communication and cognitivedissonance 3. Activity 1 1 group of 3, 1 group of 4 2 observers 4 Tasks to complete 4. Write a Poem about Sport10 minutes 5. Devise an arm wrestlingcompetition and decide a winner 10 minutes 6. Plan a coaching session teaching youngsters to throw and catch10 minutes 7. Draw a sports stadium10 minutes 8. Discuss the taskWhat attitudes did people have? 9. Task In pairs come up with potentialdefinitions for belief, values andattitudes Decide what is the differencebetween the different terms. 10. Definitions Attitudes ideas charged withemotion (positive or negative) whichpredisposes a class of actions to aparticular social situation Belief represent the knowledge orinformation we have about the world Values are deep seated feelings orthoughts (emotions) which form thebasis for evaluating if something isworthwhile. (Culturally based) 11. The link. Attitudes are therefore Blend of beliefs and values Learned via Social environment (experience) Provide us with a means to express ourvalues Attitude is a key which determinesbehaviour Can have attitudes to objects, people,events or ideas Not all embracing (can hate rugby but not allsport) 12. Secord and Backman (1964) Developed 3 components of attitude(Triadic model) Cognitve (what we know and believeabout the attitude object.) Affective (how we feel about theattitude object.) Behavioural (how we actually behavetowards, respond to or intend torespond to the attitude object.) 13. Applied to sport An athlete can show a positiveattitude to sport by believing inthe benefits of exercise (Cognitive) By showing enthusiasm andenjoyment in games (affective) By turning up to practice andtaking a regular part in sport(behavioural) 14. But Relationship between cognitive andbehavioural parts are unreliable i.e. what you believe is notnecessarily what you do E.g. you might believe that weighttraining will make you stronger butyou might not do it!! Due to Affective component (malemight want to look muscular butfemale may not!) So quite a simplistic approach 15. Attitude Formation Learning (past experiences,successes and failures) Familiarity Classical conditioning Operant Conditioning Socialisation (Significant others) Peer groups and social groups 16. Positive or negative attitudes Positive attitudes formed: Belief in exercise Enjoyable experiences in sport Being good at a sport Excited by challenge of sport Using sport as stress release 17. Positive or negative attitudes Negative attitudes formed: Not believing in benefits of exercise A bad past experience Injury A lack of ability Fear of taking part Suffering stress when taking part Influence of others 18. Positive attitude towards sport We must ensure: See the relevance of specific fitness and practice programmes Gain a direct experience of the fitness/practice programmes to specific activities And that any negative attitudes are dealt with ASAP! 19. Changing attitudes Persuasive Communication Four basic factors; Who is trying to persuade? What is the message? Whom is the message trying to reach? What is the situation context? 20. Cognitive Dissonance Challenging one or more components of anattitude causes unease in the performerwhich may motivate them to change attitude 21. Example E.g. You might reject the need for aggression inyour sport (Belief 1) But in order to win against a particular team youmust physically intimidate your oponent (Belief2). Two beliefs conflict This dissonance is resolved by telling yourselfthat its alright to playhard against this particularopponent because they play rough too Modification to (Belief 1) 22. What else.. Coaches may also use Point out benefits to health Making activities fun and enjoyable Allowing easy initial success Using roll models Attributing the reasons for success internally 23. Changing Attitudes Task Using your notes.. Look carefully at the methods used by coaches to change attitudes. You are trying to establish a rugby league team for girls and at the first session quite a few girls arrive but are not sure they want to continue. They think rugby league is mainly for men and is too physical for them. How can you persuade the girls to continue? How can you change their attitude? 24. Attitudes and Predjudice A prejudice = extreme attitude E.g. Gender, race, age, officials, team Formed: social learning, fitting in with socialnorms, media pressure, past bad experience,fear Overcome PC, CD, re-educate (rollmodels/media), punishment, reinforce fairbehaviour 25. Measurement.. Dogmatism task Two scales Thurstones scale Likerts scale Observation