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CHAPTER V
KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD - AN OVER VIEW
5.1 K.S.H.B - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS:
The Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB) was established in 1971
as per the Kerala State Housing Board Act 1971, merging the erstwhile
city Improvement Trust. The KSHB is one of the premier Housing Boards
in India and is rendering meritorious service to the public in acquiring a
shelter. The KSHB provided houses for nearly 5 lakh families, over the
past 25 years under various schemes, out of which 85 percent belong to
the economically weaker sections. The mission of the Housing Board is to
provide a habitable shelter to all houseless in the state.
The state of Kerala requires at least two lakh houses every year to
sort out the problem of housing shortage. To achieve the goal of shelter
for all by the end of this century, Kerala Government has envisaged a
comprehensive programme styled Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme. It
covers all the schemes being implemented by the several housing agencies
in the state. Kerala State Housing Board has been nominated as the nodal
agency for the successful implementation of this scheme.
KSHB has evolved several result oriented schemes in order to tackle
this s~tuat~on effectively. KSHB pays greater attention to building houses
for the weaker sections in society. Housing Complex for rehabilitating the
houseless and landless merits special mention. Taking the enormity of the
problem faced by the EWS into consideration in addition to meeting the
housing shortage, the Government has taken steps by concentrating in
upgrading and improving the facilities of houses constructed under the One
Lakh Housing Scheme.
Apart from the lack of finance, escalation in the wage rate of
labourers, cost of materials, and skyrocketting price of land are factors
affecting the housing sector. In this context Housing Board can be the
effective instrument in the purposeful implementation of this important social
objectrve -that is to provide shelter to the homeless and landless.
Crtres are growing fast with scant regard for order of any sort. The
rnflux of labourers from rural areas to urban areas, continues unabated.
Eventually they happen to settle down in the city and its suburbs. To ease
the pressure upon the city and thereby slow down the inflow of people,
Government, has evolved a scheme to establish satellite town ships in
Thrruvananthapuram, Ernakulam and Kozhikode. The first of its kind has
come rnto berng at Tripunrthura near Ernakulam.
The Government has entrusted the work to Kerala State Housing
Board. The Government has entrusted the Board with the construction of
revenue towers at Taluk headquarters. The work of seven Revenue Towers
has already started as the first phase.
As regards the organisational structure the KSHB has 15 members
headed by a non-official chairman. The Housing Commissioner to the
Government is the ex-officio secretary to the Board and is the Chief
Execut~ve The whole state is divided into three regions namely
Th~ruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode and each region is headed
by a regronal Engineer. The Regional Engineers are under the control of a
Chief Engineer stationed at Thiruvananthapuram. The Board has district
offices in all fourteen districts and branch offices in important centres.
Kerala has been making concerted efforts to tide over the crises by
lntroducrng cost effective technology in the field. Attempts are being made
to encourage people to make judicious use of wood so as to help conserve
energy Importance has been given to build housesfor the weaker section
using cost effective methods and utilising locally available materials.
It is estimated that out of 54.59 lakh houses, about 20% are thatched
huts of a semipermanent nature. About 50% of the above category are
substandard huts which are not fit for safe human living. In additions, about
5% of the ex~sting houses required to be demolished and reconstructed.
Thus the demand for housing during the year 1991 was 8.74 lakhs.
The KSHB continues its activities to ease the housing problem.
lnnovatlve and need based schemes for all categories of the society are
implemented by the board. Public housing scheme and cash loan schemes
have pride of place among them. With a view to implement a comprehensive
plan covering the housing needs of all categories, Rajiv one Million Housing
Scheme was launched by the Government of Kerala on 17th September
1991. All the schemes implemented by the public sector agencies were
brought under the Rajiv one Million Housing Scheme.
The progress and implementation within the years 1991-1995 was
substantla1 that nearly 3.5 lakh housing units could be completed during
this period. Of this the share of Kerala State Housing Board alone is 65,000
hous~ng units. A total amount of Rs. 456.28 crores was invested in the
Housing sector during this period.
Kerala State Housing Board could achieve high performance level
In the implementation of Rajiv one Million Housing scheme. Anumber of
steps were taken to improve the performance of the board. Nearly 19 public
hous~ng schemes were completed and 51 schemes were started. Many
policy decisions were taken during the year 1991 -1994 which helped the
turnaround of the Board. Direct purchase of land, exemption from stamp
duty, interest subsidy for EWS category, finalisation of Apartment
Regulation Act, decentralisation, special cell for recovery of dues, issue of
sale deeds, allotment before construction, streamlining of loan
disbursement, finalisation of pending annual accounts etc. are important
among them. When thousands of people became homeless due to the
earth quake in Maharashtra the Board volunteered to take up construction
of 200 houses in Lathur for the victims.
HUDCO has acclaimed KSHB as the best housing agency during
1992-93, 94-95 and 96-97 for its innovative housing schemes, contribution
to weaker section housing, financial discipline and overall performance.
The Board earned profits for the years 1991-96 and is ranked as the 6th
organisation in profitability among the 101 public sector undertakings in
the state '
5.2 SCHEMES OF KSHB IN THE YEAR 2000 :-
The people's campaign for the 9th five year plan, the instruments
for decentralised planning in Kerala has been progressing satisfactorily
with the help of the local bodies. Till recently, the housing activities were
1 Kerala State Housing Board 1995-1996. Silver Jubilee year Report of the Chairman V.T. Sebastian and Secretary P.M. John, p .1 ,2 , 3 Santhi Nagar, Trivandmm.
done by various agencies mainly by the Kerala State Housing Board. Now
the prime role has been transferred to the local bodies consisting of 990
Grama Panchayats, 55 Municipalities, 3 Municipal Corporations, 152 block
Panchayats, and 14 district Panchayats. They are entrusted with the
responsibility of assessing housing demand, estimating resource fund
mobilisation of local skills and building materials, identifying beneficiaries,
implementing and monitoring housing schemes and projects.
The State Government has constituted a task force on housing to
draw up integrated development programmes for the housing sector. They
have assessed the demand for houses as 7 lakhs by the year 2000 AD.
According to the statistics of the planning board 9 lakh houses have already
been constructed between 1991 and 1998. In order to achieve "House for
All by 2002." Kerala may have to construct 1.72 lakh houses every year till
2002. Considering the gravity of the problem, the ninth five year plan has
formulated policies keeping in view the problems of the poorer sections.
The Ma~thri Housing Scheme launched by the Government of Kerala to
provide one lakh new houses for the poor belonging to the economically
weaker sections every year, satisfies one of the most basic needs of our
soc~ety. All our programmes for construction of new houses are directed
towards improving the quality of life for the people proposing to live in them.
Though prime importance is given to the economically weaker sections of
the society provision of housesfor other sectors like LIG, MIG, HIG Rental
Housing Scheme for Government employees etc. are also implemented.
The Government of Kerala proposed to cover the demand for houses
during the years 1999-2002 of the IX plan by a comprehensive housing
scheme through various agencies as follows:
228
Table 5.2.1 . \
/ Housing Agencies and the houses to be constructed I
Kerala State Housing Board
Kerala State Co-operative Housing Federation
Kerala State Development Corporation for SCIST,
STISC Development Department
Rural Development Commissionerate
Housing Finance Institutions, HDFC, LIC, Bank
Housing Scheme through CDS for urban poor
SI No.
Total ~ -- - - -
Source: Housing activities in Kerala (Brief Note) 1999
Housing Agency
The Housing Commissionerate under the control of the housing
commissioner is the nodal department for Co-ordinating the housing
schemes of all agencies to achieve the goal. Kerala State Housing Board,
being the premier housing agency of the state and fore runner in providing
the hous~ng requirements of the state was nominated as the Nodal Agency
for the implementation of various housing schemes. While private
developers are the major suppliers of housing in major urban centres,
housing for the poor remains outside the formal private delivery system.
Hence much remains to be done in designing and financing low income
housing "
Houses to be constructed
2 A brief note on Housing activities in Kerala pp. 1-2, 1999 office of the Housing CotTWIiSSion, Trivandrum.
The primary objective of the Housing Board is to formulate and
~mplement various housing construction schemes, as well as housing loan
schemes for catering to the housing needs of public, belonging to various
income groups namely, weaker sections, low income group, middle income
group and high income group. In addition to this, General improvement
schemes like commercial cum office complex, Government directed
schemes like rental housing schemes, slum improvement schemes,
housing complexes for EWS, Rehabilitation housing scheme, revenue
towers etc. Taking construction work of other agencies also forms part of
the activ~ties of the Board. A brief note on various housing schemes and
cash loan schemes implemented by the Kerala State Housing Board is
furnished below:
5.2.1. Public Housing Scheme (General):
Under this scheme the KSHB acquires/purchases land, develops it
and constructs houseslflats for allotment or allot as plots to the general
public belonging to various income groups. The demand in an area is
assessed based on the registration made by the public preferring allotment
in that area. The land is either purchased directly through negotiation or
acquired as per the Land Acquisition Act. The Board has completed 11128
units under 141 public housing schemes as on 31.10.1999. Construction
of another 752 units in 10 schemes with a project cost of Rs. 7264.72
lakhs are in progress.
5.2.2. Rental Housing Scheme :
The Board has taken up the Rental Housing Scheme by availing
financ~al assstance from the Government, the HUDCO and HDFC for the
purpose of accommodating state Government employees. Construction
of 42 units at Perumbavoor with a project cost of Rs. 268.8 lakhs has been
completed during 1997-98 and of another 78 units with a project cost of
Rs. 931.9 lakhs at Kuttanelloor, Kasargod and Poojappura are at different
stages The Board has completed 1755 units so far.
5.2.3. Housing Schemes for Working Journalists:
Under this scheme (introduced on 24.07.1978), houses are
constructed and allotted to the working journalists in the state. A journalist
who does not possess a house either in his name or in the name of his
wife or dependent children also has the option for constructing a house
either in the plot owned by him or in the plot allotted by the Housing Board.
As per G.0 dated 17.06.83, Government revised the schemes by granting
loan assistance and subsidy for the construction of houses in developed
plots. Twenty Five percentage of the total cost of construction subject to a
maximum of Rs.20,0001- was subsidy component. Later Government
revised the subsidy to Rs. 35,0001- and then to Rs. 50,0001-. Under this
scheme subsidy was given to 95 cases from 1996-1 997 to December 1999.
A spec~al scheme for the working journalist was also formulated and the
construction of 54 units with a project cost of Rs. 316.18 lakhs is completed
in NCC Road, Thiruvananthapuram during 1999-2000.
5.2.4 Housing scheme for Non-Resident Indians :
To cater to the long felt need of Non-resident Indians, the KSHB has
established an NRI cell and are formulating a scheme exclusively for non-
resident Indians. The KSHB allots house sites, gives technical guidance,
supervises constructions etc. Houses are constructed as per the plan
accepted by the NRls in sites acquired exclusively for them. House with
modern facilities with a tentative cost of Rs. 12 lakhs including land value
IS constructed in each selected centre. Loan upto 60% of the cost is given
by the Board and the balance of 40% is the beneficiaries' share. Apart
from thls a certain percentage has been reserved for the NRls in the
allotment of ploUplot with buildinglflats in the public housing schemes of
the Board. Housing schemes exclusively for NRls at Kozhencherri,
Thiruvikramangalam, and Thrikkakara stage Ill are completed. Construction
of 50 units at Mulamkunnathukavu was completed during 1998-'99 and 50
unlts at Pattoor (Reserved for NRls from Pattoor HS), 40 flats at Thrikkakara
and 12 flats at TD Road Ernakulam are in progress.
5.2.5 Housing Complexes (EWS) :
Thls scheme is formulated for the weakest among the economically
weaker sections of the society. The beneficiaries of the scheme are those
who res~de on the road, thodu (gutter) and other Puramboke (Government
land) area. It proposes to construct 50,000 houses within a period of 5
years spreading over 1000 Panchayats. Land for the purpose is purchased
through negotiation, if no suitable Government lands are available.
Construction of 3635 units has been completed in different Panchayats
and construction of another 149 units are in progress.
5.2.6. Office Cum Commercial Complexes:-
Along with public housing schemes, the Kerala State Housing Board
has taken up the construction of officecum-mmmercial/shopping complex
in scheme areas as well as in the major cities and towns. These schemes
cater to the commerciallshopping needs of the area. The rentalllease
revenue IS a major source of income of the Board. The Board has
constructed 19 commercial wmplex/shopping complex so far. Construction
of commercial complex at Balaramapuram and Kattapana are in good
progress and the construction of another 15 numbers are at its initial stages.
5.2.7. Revenue Towers:
The Board has taken up the construction of Revenue Towers in Taluk
Headquarters where there is no mini civil station, as sanctioned in G.O.
(MS) 92IHSQ dt. 28.11.1992. Construction of revenue towers at
Nedumangad, Adoor, Thiruvalla, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam and
Changanasserry are in progress.
5.2.8. Satellite Townships:
With a view to develop parellel townships in the vicinity of the major
townsh~ps near the three Corporation areas of the state namely,
Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode satellite townships are planned
and being implemented by KSHB. As afirst step in this regard it is proposed
to implement a satellite township in Ernakulam District in an area of 500
acres of land. This project is under formulation. A mini satellite township is
also proposed to be implemented at Akkulam near Thiruvanathapuram
Corporat~on in an area of 48 acres of land, acquired by the Board. This
project is proposed to be completed within three years.
5.2.9. Industrial Township:
It IS proposed to construct an industrial township at Kalamassery in
an area of 50 acres of land. The land for the purpose has been taken
possession on 8.12.1995.
5.2.10. Working Women's Hostel:
The Board has decided to implement working women's hostel
project in all important places in the state for accommodating working
women At the outset the proposal is to construct hostels at ldukki, Kottayam,
Thiruvanathapuram, Kozhikode, Ernakulam, Wayanad, Kannur and
Kasargode. The construction work for working women's hostel at ldukki
(Muttom, Thodupuzha) for accommodating 180 persons at a wst of 103.84
lakhs IS almost completed and at Kottayam (Gandhinagar)
accommodating 186 persons at a cost of Rs. 148.32 lakhs is completed
during this financial year. Steps are being taken for constructing working
women s hostel at Thrissur. All the district collectors have also been
requested to identify suitable Government land in this respective districts
for the scheme.
5.2.11. Tourists Cottages:
Considering the possibility of developing tourism in Kerala, the
Board proposes to construct 10 cottages each at important tourism
centres. At the initial stage, the Board will take necessary steps to construct
cottages, at Akkulam in the land possessed by Kerala State Housing
Board. Also the Board proposes, to construct tourist wttages, at Munnar,
Kuttanad, Kumarakom, Bekkal, Bhoothathankettu, Thekkadi, Muzhichilakad
Beach.
5.2.12. Sureksha Housing Scheme:
This scheme is intended for the low income groups at towns and
cities, who do not own even one cent of land. The Board proposes to give
lands and loan for construction of houses for them under simple conditions
234
and also to construct housing schemes exclusively for them. The
~mplementation of this scheme is at its initial stage.
5.2.13. Suburban Housing Complexes :
The Kerala State Housing Board has decided to implement a
scheme named "Suburban housing complexes". The scheme is proposed
to be implemented in suburban areas under the jurisdiction of Development
Authorlt~es in the state. This scheme is proposed to be implemented in
every d~str~ct. The scheme will be implemented in suitable Government
lands in suburban panchayats or private land purchased on negotiation.
The scheme will be implemented with the help of various financial agencies
like HUDCO. And it is decided to construct, a minimum of 10 houses in
each such housing complex. The implementation of the scheme is at its
initial stage
5.2.14 Slum Clearance Scheme:
The scheme envisages rehabilitation of slum dwellers in
Chengalchoola in Thiruvanathapuram city. The flats are being allotted free
of cost to the eligible. Under this scheme construction of 616 flats have
been completed and 528 units have been allotted. Now this scheme has
been transferred to Thiruvanthapuram Corporation.
5.2.15. Kerala Village at Lathur:
The Government of Kerala has entrusted the Board with the
construction of 200 houses at Lathur Maharashtra state to rehabilitate the
earthquake v~ctims. The construction of 168 houses have been completed
and handed over to the beneficiaries. The Board could construct and
complete these houses in a record time.
5.2.16. Consultancy Sewice:-
The Board has a committed team of well qualified engineers
competent to provide consultancy services to Government and Semi
Government organisations. One of such major schemes undertaken at
present 1s the Revenue Institute at PTP Nagar. Consultancy workfor the
construction of legislative hostel (Flats 6 + 1 storeys) at Thiruvananthapuram
IS also taken up by the Board and the design details etc. were handed
over to PWD authorities. The Board has so far completed 6 deposit works
of various parts of the state.
5.2.17. Old Age Home :
The Board has decided to build old age homes in all major cities
of the state. Suitable Government lands have to be identified for this
scheme The layout plans for old age home at Kozhikode has been
prepared The work will be started in 2001. The project in other districts
will be lrnplernented during 2001-2002.
5.2.18. NRI Housing Complexes:
In addltlon to the exsting housing scheme for NRls, the Board has
projected to bu~ld housing complexes having 10 houses each in suitable
places, at Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode, Nedumbassery, Kannur
etc Sultable lands for this scheme are being identified by the Board.
5.2.1 9. Single women housing scheme:
The board proposes to implement a special housing scheme foV,,j
single women where safe and affordable accommodation will be provided
for them. Action is being taken for the identification of the land etc. for the
formulation of the project.
5.2.20. Housing scheme for Veteran freedom fighters:
The KSHB proposes to implement a housing scheme having 50
dwelling units for Veteran freedom fighters at Kozhikode in the land available
in Kozhikode Medical College Housing Accommodation scheme.
5.2.21. Model Village:-
Model village is a village which is self sufficient in providing all the
infrastructural facilities and common amenities for the people residing in
that village. This project will be assisted by HUDCO. The Board has
decided to set up a model village in Alacode village in ldukki District.
5.2.22. Model Building Centre:
The KSHB has decided to establish a model building centre for
demonstration of new building technologies and production of building
materials. It is decided to establish a model building centre in Emakulam.
5.2.23. Amusement Park Cum Cultural Centre Project:
Tourism is growing in Kerala. This growth is not solely attributed to
the foreign tourists but also to the phenomenal growth in domestic tourists.
Nowadays even average families do go for a holiday at least twice or thrice
in an year to holiday resorts and amusement parks. Amusement parks
provide fun and excitement not only to children but also to persons of all
ages. Steps are being taken to establish an amusement park at Muttam,
Thodupuzha near Malankara dam.3
3 Activities of KSHB - A note dated 13.12.1999.
5.2.24. Jubilee Housing Scheme:
The Board has launched a new housing scheme namely 'Jubilee
Housrng Scheme' to commemorate the 50th year of Indian Independence.
In this scheme, a beneficiary has to make an initial deposit of 18%of the
loan amount in the Board and can avail loan according to his financial abilrty
and need only to repay monthly the interest of the loan. Under the scheme
sanctions were issued for 322 cases and 230 units were completed.
Table 5.2.2
Jubilee Housing Scheme - lnstalment Amount
Source: Activit~es of KSHB - A brief note - dated 13.12.1999
Loan Amount
1,OO.OOO
1,50,000
2.00,OOO
3,00,000
4,OO.oOO
5,00,000
5.2.25. Repairs and maintenance loan scheme for LIG, MIG and HIG
categories:
Thls new scheme for LIG, MIG and HIG (repairs and maintenance)
was started in 1996. The amount of loan for each unit was revised as
Rs. 35,0001- Rs. 1,50,000/- and Rs.2,50,000/- respectively payable in two
instalments. The rate of interest of LIG, MIG and HIG schemes has been
rev~sed to 14%. 15% and 16.55% respectively. During 1996-97 to
12/99, loans have been given to 797 units under LIG (Rand M), 580 units
Deposit
18.000
27,000
36,000
54.000
72,000
90,000
Monthly instalmen!
1350
2025
2700
4050
5600
7000
Repayment period
168
168
168
168
168
168
I
40,000
60,000
80,000
1,20,000
1.60.000
2,00,000
I
40,000
60,000
80,000
1,20,000
1,60,000
2.00,OOO
111
20.000
30.000
40,000
60,000
80,000
1,00,000
under MIG (R and M) and 192 units under HIG (R and M) of which 665
unlts 528 units, and 140 units were completed under LIG, MIG and HIG
respectively The amount disbursed are Rs. 252.442 lakhs, Rs. 819.81
lakhs and Rs.315 21 lakh respectively.
5.2.26. Housing Scheme for MLAslMPs:
Housing scheme exclusively for MLAsIMPs of the state was
formulated as per G.O. dt.20.9.1985. The scheme is being implemented
by the Board by availing loan from HDFC. Under this scheme a legislator
or his spouse is eligible to get loan for construction of a new house,
reconstructionlextension to the existing house or purchase of an apartment,
a newly built house at any place of his choice. The maximum loan amount
is lirnlted to Rs. 3 lakhs. The loan amount is to be repaid in equated monthly
instalments in 15 years. The rate of interest is 7%. Under this scheme26
units were completed during 1996-97 to 12/99 and expenditure incurred
is Rs. 87.1 lakhs.
5.2.27. Housing scheme for flood victims (1992):-
This scheme envisages improvement of stability of houses in the
flood prone areas in the state. The HUDCO has sanctioned the scheme
with a total estimate cost of Rs. 47.28 crores out of which 40% is loan from
HUDCO, 30% subsidy from central Government and 30% subsidy from
state Government. The number of units completed were 15235 and Rs.
2490.43 lakhs was expended under this scheme (as per the details
collected from District Collectors.)
5.2.28. Housing Scheme for flood affected victims (1997):
The Board has also launched a housing scheme to provide houses
under Maithri Housing Scheme to persons whose houses have been fully
damaged due to the South West Monsoon of 1997. As per the scheme the
concerned District Collector forwards a list of the eligible beneficiaries
with a deposit amount of Rs. 12,6001- per beneficiary to the Board from
the calamity relief fund (ie. Rs. 11,6001- being one time annuity deposit
and Rs. 10001- being beneficiary's contribution) and the balance amount
required for the construction of the houses would be met by the Board.
5.2.29. Housing Scheme for Central Government Employees:
A Central Government employee who owns at least 5 cents of land
comes under this scheme. The loan amounts are fixed at Rs. 1,12,400/-,
Rs. 1,79,350/- and Rs. 2,69,570/- according to the basic pay of the
employees. The annual amount has to be repaid in 228 monthly instalrnents.
5.2.30. Housing loan for Government employees and teachers under LIG,
MIG, and HIG categories:
The scheme was launched exclusively for the benefit of Government
employees and teachers of the state. Under this scheme loans ranging
from Rs 1 lakh to 3 lakh will be disbursed for construction of houses. The
mode of sanct~oning the loan is the same as that of general cash loan
schemes The loan amount will have to be repaid in 228 monthly
nstalments, the maximum interest being 16%. Under this scheme 681 units
were completed under LIG, 336 units under MIG, and 89 units under HIG
category
4 Annual Report of KSHB 1994
5.2.31. Rehabilitation Housing Scheme:
The scheme was started in June 1985. The beneficiaries of this
scheme were given loan assistance of Rs. 4,5001- and subsidy of
Rs. 1,5001- for the construction of houses costing Rs. 6,0001-. Financial
assistance were provided for the construction of 1,48,772 houses in the
first two phases of the scheme. The rate of interest of the loan was 8.75%
per annurn and the period of repayment spreads over 9 years. The phase
Ill of the scheme was started in March 1987. The beneficiaries are given
loan assistance of Rs. 7,6771- and subsidy of Rs. 1,5001- for the
construction of houses costing Rs.9,1771-. The subsidy portion is met by
the Government and the concerned local body at Rs. 7501- each. The
repayment period fixed is 15 years. The scheme is implemented through
the revenue authorities.
5.2.32. Co-operative Housing Scheme:
The scheme was started in the year 1978 for the construction of
one lakh houses for the people coming under the EWS category in rural
areas of the state. The scheme was implemented jointly by the KSHB and
the Co-operative sector. Funds required for the scheme were raised by
the Board from the HUDCO and the Government and passed on to the
respectwe Co-operative banks for disbursements to the beneficiaries. The I
loan port~on IS to be repaid in 108 months by the beneficiary, with an interest
of 7.5%. The scheme was discontinued and merged with the Rehabilitation
Housing Scheme II phase. The number of houses constructed under this
scheme was 55495
5.2.33. The Kairali Housing Scheme:
The Kairali Housing Scheme was launched on 28th December 1990.
The beneficiaries of this scheme will get a loan assistance of
Rs. 10,0331- for constructing houses costing Rs. 11,8031- no subsidy is
given to the beneficiaries the scheme is intended for EWS category. It was
proposed to construct 25,000 houses each in the I and I1 phase of the
scheme The beneficiaries are selected by the revenue authorities as in
the case of rehabilitation housing ~ c h e m e . ~
5.2.34. The Housing Scheme for Beedi workers:
The KSHB has launched a housing scheme for Beedi workers to
the tune of Rs 6,5001- and got subsidy of Rs. 2,0001- for constructing houses
costlng Rs 12,000. The loan amount has to be repaid in fifteen years with
the Interest of 7% So far 437 units have been completed under this
scheme
52.35, Suvarna Jubilee Housing Scheme:
Thls scheme intends to give financial assistance to all SCIST
Categories w~th the assistance of SClST department, the maximum amount
of loan assstance to a beneficiary is Rs. 35,0001-. This amount need not
be repa~d by the beneficiaries.
5 Annual Report of KSHB 1996
5.2.36. "Sumpoorna" Housing Scheme:
This scheme intends to give technical and financial assistance to
all fam~lies having no house of their own in a selected Panchayath in
each distr~ct with the help of Panchayath and Voluntary organisation,
tfl~r:'uyt, ale Housng Boaxi'
Kerala State Housing Board is the major house building agency
contributing to 56% of the total houses constructed during 1997-98. At the
total number 38857 houses constructed by the Board during 1997-98,
EWS houses constituted 79%, low income group houses 4.7Oh and middle
income group houses 5.6%. It has assisted construction of 3.44 lakh
houses upto 31.3.1997 and implemented as many as 30 schemes. Upto
March 1997, it had completed the construction of 18 commercial shopping
complexes and the construction of commercial complexes. During 1997-
98, the Board raised funds to the tune of Rs. 149 crores from HUDCO
and Rs. 2 86 crores from HDFC. Between April 1998 and December 1998,
it rased Rs. 117 crores form HUDCO.'
The relevant data on the houses constructed is presented in the
table
6 A brief note on the housing activities in Kerala 1999 - Housing Cornmissionerate dated 31.121999, Thiruvanathapuram.
7 Kerala Economic Review 1998, p. 156
Table 5.2.3 Houses constructed bv KSHB from March 1996 to December 1999 Rs. m lakhs -
Source: K. S. H.B. Housing activities - an overview, 1999 March 31.
SI No
1 2 3
4 5
6
7 8
9
10
11
Name of the scheme
c
Public Housing Schemes
Layout housing scheme Rental Housing Scheme
Working Journalist HS
NRI Housing Scheme
Housing Complexes EWS
Working Women's Hostel
Slum Clearance Scheme
Kerala Village at Lathur
Total
Commercial Schemes
Office cum Commercial complex
Revenue towers
Deposit works
GRAND TOTAL
I 3
10413 1713
23
69 3385
616 168
16387
17
6
16410 I
No of units Corn-
pleted UPto 3/96
Achievements during 1997-98
4 ' 5
188 - - -
205
393
1 - -
394 I
No Of units com- pleted
692.68 59.93
0.56 74.29
52.38
879.84
10
205.23 7.54
1102.61 I
E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ture
Achievements during 1996-97
Achievements during 1998-99
249 42
- -
45
336
- -
336 I
No. of units com-
pleted
NO Of units com-
pleted
Expendi- ture
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d i . ture
Achievements during 1999-2000
9 '
1139.53 19.27
55
289.85 2.86
57.79
1564.3
144.97
577.49
119.74
2406.5 I
6 ' 7 '
1206.84 90.87
63.91
371.67
21.35
1754.64
72.55 454.74
25.59
2307.52 I
NO Of
units com-
pieted
11
752 78
102
149 1
1082
2
6 -
1090 I I
10
31
54
1
86
1
1
88 I
8
247 - -
50
-
297
- - -
297 I
N,, Of ' units 'Om-
pleted as on 12/91
-4
Achievements during the present govt.
I
Nos ln progress
No Of
untts corn- pleted
12
458.7 10.3
4 6 8
121.65
59.2
654.63
154.29
723.48 155.08
1667.38 I
Expen- diture
No of units in
progress
Expendi- ture
16 -
1755
77
119
3635
1 616 168
17499
19
0 7
17525 I
15
3497.7511128 180.37
124.15 857.46
76.59
116.99
0 0
4853.31
361.81
1960.94 307.95
7504.01 I
13
715
14
752 42 78'
54 / - 50
250 1
0 0
1112
2 0
I
1115 I
102
149 1
1082
2 6 -
1090 I
The activities of KSHB upto 31.12.1999 are depicted in the table.
Names of the schemes are divided into three categories. Public housing
schemes, commercial schemes and deposit works. The total no. of units
completed over the years 1996-2000 under public housing schemes are
16387, 393, 336, 297, 86 respectively. The total number of public housing
schemes up to 12/99 is 17499. Commercial schemes total no. of units
completed up to 1996 is 17 and the total units completed up to 12/99 is
19. The total no. of units completed in all the schemes under KSHB upto
12/99 is 1 7525.8
5.3. CASH LOAN SCHEMES OF KSHB FROM 1990-2000:-
The Board extends housing loans to all income groups for
construction of houses in the plots owned by them. The cash loan schemes
are malnly refinanced by HUDCO, HDFC, and Banks. Under Rajiv One
Million Housing Scheme, 10 cash loan housing schemes for 60,000 housing
unlts were under implementation. A sum of Rs. 42 crores has been
disbursed during 1992-95 under various loan schemes. The board had
proposed to extend housing loans to the tune of Rs. 70 crores during the
silver jubilee year 1995-96.
5.3.1. LIG Cash Loan Scheme:
Under the LIG scheme, a person whose annual income ranges from
21601 to 54,0001- rupees and has at least 3 cents of land is eligible for
getting loan assistancefor constructing a house cost ofwhich is Rs. 823531-.
Out of thls Rs. 70,000 is the loan portion and the balance amount is the
benefic~ary's share. The loan amount will have to be repaid in 168 monthly
8 KSHB Housing activities - an overview 31 .I 2.1999, KSHB office. Thiruvananthapuram.
instalments with the interest of 14%. Under the scheme during 1996-97 to
12/99 sanctions were issued for the construction of 7733 units and the
construct~on of 6643 units were completed. The amount disbursed under
the scheme during the period is 4185.546 lakhs.
5.3.2. MIG Cash Loan Scheme:
Under MIG scheme maximum loan of Rs. 5,00,0001- is given for
constructing a house, the wst of which is Rs. 6,67,0001-. The annual inwme
limit of people coming under this category ranges from Rs. 54,0001- to
Rs. 90,0001-. The applicant should have at least 4 cents of land in his own
name for availing the loan assistance. The loan amount has to be repaid in
108 months with 15% interest upto 3 lakhs and 16% above 3 lakhs. Under
MIG scheme sanctions were issued for 6493 units during 1996-97 to
12/99 and 6383 units were completed. The expenditure incurred is
Rs. 12,134.43 lakhs.
5.3.3 HIG Cash Loan Scheme:
Under HIG scheme maximum loan of Rs. 15,00,000/- is given for
constructing a house of the wst of which is Rs. 15 lakhs. The annual income
of the people coming under this category should be above Rs. 90,0001-.
The rate of interest for loan upto 10 lakhs is 16.5% and upto 15 lakhs is
18% and the amount is to be repaid in 108 monthly instalments. During the
year 1996-97 to 12199 sanctions were issued for 1322 and 1446 units
completed and Rs.4412.4 lakhs were disbur~ed.~
9 Activities of KSHB op. cit
Weekly progress report of cash loan schemes from 1.4.95 to 21 .I .96
are given in the table.
Table 5.3.1
Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes from 1.4.95 to 20.1.96
Name of ToQi ToQi No. of No. of Wim+ DMD MD Fiks ~ i k s ~ndnl-~a Amaunt Schsms No. of No of forms forms naly i d created psndig . d i i n s d
Forms forms rent to raceived cka- for I I I I l l (Rs. d d received advance from given i-- k+MW)
Advance tnn
EWS (12,5001-) 10722 2850 2762 2651 2530 2175 2106 71 2210 2416 2376 296.31
EWS (26.4001-) 93647 18404 17169 12984 10955 8733 4113 320 2797 777 457 359.96
TOTAL 1254721 260041 245561 19724 172361 141471 9124 581 1 78071 5714 518812578.04
Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.3.2
Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes - EWS
Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram
I Grand Total] 104365( 21254 199311 15635( 134851 109081 621q 391 1 5001 31931 28321 656.21
Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.3.3
Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes - LIG
Name of Scheme LIG (55,000)
Total
Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.3.4
Weeklv Proaress R e ~ o r t of cash loan schemes - MIG
6747
given in-- tion
Name of Scheme MIG ( 1 .OO.OC'O/-1 I
1488 1471
Trivandrum Koc h I Kozhikode
Total
139 1367
1094 1198 1946
4238
1104
370 357 623
1350
105 78 11271 11261 1153138658
364 357 621
1342
302 333 558
1193
290 341 447
1078
291 333 321
945
257' 351 283
891
13 26 20
59
317 267 275
854
307 277 262
846
317
227
794
313.00 250264.20
250.60
827.80
Nanie of Sc leme WIG (1.75.000) - I
Tdal
recewed
Source KSHB - Marn office Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.3.5
Weekly Progress Report o f cash loan schemes - HIG
No. ol forms sent to
3dvocate
Name of Scheme HIG (3,00.000/-)
Source: Kerala State Housing Board Office.
No. of forms
received from
Advnrlte
In table No. 5.3.1 weekly progress report of various schemes under
cash loan schemes for the year 1995-96 is given. The first column shows
the categor~es of income group with its maximum loan amount. The last
column in table I is the amount of loan disbursed by the Board for each
category of people EWS, LIG MIG and HIG are divided into two groups
Prelimi- nary
clsaranco given
DMD issued
MD e x ~ u l e d
Filer pending
for in--
,inn
Fount burred (Rs.
la&)
~ i l e r lnahiment p u .. I I I I l l
each according to the loan amount sanctioned. The loan amount ranges
from Rs 12.5001- to 3 lakhs. The total amount disbursed during the year
1995-96 1s 2578.08 lakhs. Though the loan amount disbursed is larger in
MIG and HIG group, the number of houses constructed by the loan scheme
IS far greater in EWS and LIG group.
Table 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4 and 5.3.5 show the categories of persons
according to their income in the three important cities of the state where
the Houslng Board has its regional offices that is Thiruvananthapuram,
Koch~ and Kozhikode.
In the EWS category 656.27 lakhs are disbursed out of the total
amount Rs. 2578.08 lakhs ie. 25%. The maximum number of applicants
and the maximum amount disbursed are in Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram
ranks second and Kozhikode the last.
In the LIG group, the maximum amount disbursed is Rs. 539.26 lakhs
out of the total amount of Rs. 2578.08 lakhs. This is again 21 Oh of the total.
So the lower strata of society received 46% of the total amount disbursed
for houslng under cash loan schemes during the year 1995-96. In this
category also Kochi stands first to utilise the maximum loan amount.
Table 5.3.4 shows the MIG group in which the loan amount ranges
from 1 lakh to 1 75 lakhs though the maximum loan amount is disbursed to
mlddle Income category that is Rs. 942.95 lakhs out of Rs. 2578.08 lakhs
the total loan amount disbursed, the number of beneficiaries are more in
the lower Income category both EWS and LIG.
In the h~gher income group the loan amount ranges between
Rs 2 lakhs - 3 lakhs. The total amount disbursed is only Rs. 439.60 lakhs
out of Rs 2578.08 lakhs ie. 17% of the total. So KSHB gives preference
for the houseless and the landless poor.
Table 5.3.6 Cash Loan Schemes
31.12.1999 Rs. in lakhs
Total units com- pleted 12/99
15
147344
16596
10955
2949
1742
1364
981
211
%
15235
7
881
336
89
55495
Progress -
No. of units sanc- t loned
16
7733
6493
1322
0
797
580
192
32
9985
2
0
0
0
0
Achievements durlng Achievements during
Uni ts cornpie.
teted
SI No
Achievements durlng
No of uni ts sanc- t loned
10
36585
1715
1487
204
382
261
42
8
659
Ach~evements during
No of u n ~ t s sane- t ioned
7
39634
2010
1881
426
219
151
84
9
1733
Name of the s c h e m e
No of unlts sanc- t loned
13
46748
1206
962
57
179
160
26
8
.
present govt
No of "Its
c o m - pleted
17
137391
6643
6383
1446
665
528
140
26
13942
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1998-99
No o f
units com-
p leted
11
42955
1858
1731
289
332
255
38
7
4522
E X pendl-
ture
18
4289964
4185 55
12134.43
4412.4
0
252.42
819.81
315.21
87.1
1766 99
0.89
0
0
0
0
E x pendl-
ture
6
663716
965.36
2162.33
13176
1.72
5.71
25.23
15.4
1042.79
0.89
1997-98
No of unlts corm pleted
8
30487
1707
2076
663
114
105
33
9
3285
No of u n ~ t s sancc t ioned
4
50058
2802
2183
635
17
8
40
7
6993
2
Ex- pend'.
tu re
12
11920.85
1269.27
4036.05
1017.8
130.95
431.01
125
22.2
346.92
1999-2000
No of units com-
p leted
14
44708
1383
1221
77
216
162
26
6
301
Ex. pendi.
ture
9
9662.08
1071.06
3339 45
1761.6
48.31
142.07
89 48
26.4
377.31
1996-97
No of units c o m ~ pleted
5
19261
1895
1355
417
3
6
43
4
5834
1
Ex- pendi-
ture
15
14679.55173025
87986
2596.6
315.4
0
71.44
241.02
75.5
23.1
-
5/g9
2
EWSI Maithri HS
LiG Cash Loan Scheme
MIG Cash Loan Scheme
HiG Cast, Loan Scheme
Repair and Renewal EWS
R 8 R " LIG
Repair 6 Renewal MIG
Repair and Renewal HIG
MLMs MPls HS
Floods Loen11992- Scheme
Housing Scheme far CG'S
Govi employees + Tea H.S. LIG
God. Employees and Tea MIG
Govl employee^ and Tea HIG
Cwperalive H S for EWS
3
9953
9953
4572
1503
1742
699
453
71
70
1293
6
681
336
89
55495
Table 5.3.6
-- -
Rs. in lakhs
Source: Housing activities an ovemiw - Cash loan scheme - Kerala State Housing'Board main office Santhi Nagar h)
2
S I No Name of the schernt
Units cornple.N~
I 5,99
3
17950
68
434
170977
26
21567
308
1
16
17
1 6
19
20
21
22
2 3
2
SASH for EWS
Hou~ lng scheme far Handloom Weavers
H S for Beedi worMerr
Rehahilitallon H S for EWS
H S for plantatton workers
Kalrall Hauslng scheme
WJHS suteldy
Jubllee Houslno scheme
TOTAL
Ach~evernents during 1996-97
Of u n ~ t s sanc- tionec
4
42
298246
-
Achievements durtng
No of unlts corn-
pleted
5
42
No of unlts sanc- tioned
7
21
224
I I I 62787
Ex- pendi- ture con-
struct
6
14 47
46392
Ach~evements dur~ng 1997-98
unlts corn-
pleted
8
21
20
No of units sanc- tioned
I 0
17
9
28661
No of pendl-
ture con-
struct
9
7 1
1 7 5 0 8
38520 ) 16699.9 41431 49366
Achlevernents dur~ng 1999-2000
12188 64
Ex-
1 9 5 1 4 2 4
1998-99
unlts corn-
pleted
11
17
178
No of units s a n c tioned
13 - - - -
15
7
198989 167490 I
No of pendl-
ture con-
struct
12
5 7 4
206 45
I 48147
Progress - present govt
6731845 465736 I
pieted 12199
19
17950
68
434
170977
26
21567
403
230
-
Total un~ts corn- Ex
1691543
No of u n ~ t s corn-
pleted
14
15
32
No of units sanc- tloned
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
322
8
Ex p e n d i
ture con-
struct
15 - -~
5 25
27.11
No 04 units corn-
pleted
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
230
Ex. pendl-
ture con-
struct
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
3 2 36
411 24
There are 24 schemes under cash loan category schemes. Some
of the schemes are not continued after 1996. Numbers 1-11 schemes in
the table have made substantial progress under the present Government.
Its achrevements are remarkable over the years ie. from 1996 to 2000.
Among all, the most outstanding scheme is EWSlMaithri Housing Scheme
which was introduced in 1996. The total number of units completed upto
1999-2000 is 147344. In the year 1996-97, the number of units in this
scheme was only 19261; it increased to 30487 in 1997-98 and 42935 in
1998-1999 and 44708 in the year 1999-2000. The total expenditure
incurred for Maithri Housing Scheme alone is Rs. 42899.84 lakhs ie. 64%
of the total expenditure ie. Rs. 67318.25.
5.3.4. Maithri House Building Scheme:
Maithri is the major economically weaker section housing scheme
introduced in 1996, by renaming the EWS cash loan scheme of Rajiv one
Million housing scheme. During 1997-98 and 1998-99 the Board disbursed
a subs~dy of Rs. 118.84 crores till the end of October 1998 for the
construction of 54838 houses. Since starting of Maithri, 81 536 houses were
assr~tedlconstructed.'~
Under this scheme it is proposed to construct 1,00,000 houses per
annum A person whose monthly income does not exceed Rs.18001- and
owns land quotable for constructing a house is eligible for getting a loan
assistance for constructing a house costing Rs.30,OOOl-. Out of Rs. 30,0001-,
Rs. 19,0001- is loan, Rs.9,000/- Government subsidy, Rs. 1,0001- voluntary
organisat~ons contribution and Rs. 1,0001- beneficiary's own contributions.
10 Kerala Econom~c Review, 1998, p.156-157.
The loan amount will have to be repaid in 168 instalments with
interest of 13.5%. Those who repay the instalments in time will get's
Government subsidy of Rs. 8.5% in the interest. During 1996-97 to 12/99
the Board disbursed loan assistance aggregating Rs. 42899.643 lakhs
for the construction of 173025 units out of which 137391 units were
completed. ' '
Maithri Housing Scheme is a unique attempt of the Government of
Kerala to solve the acute housing shortage in the state especially of the
houseless poor in rural and urban areas. One lakh houses per year is the
main objective of this scheme. The Government of Kerala have appointed
KSHB as the Nodal Agency to implement this scheme throughout the state.
Th~s is a great and extensive people's movement in the housing
sector in Kerala. The present Government focuses its attention on shelter
for all by 2002. Government realises that India is the land of villages and
the basic necessities should be made available at the grass root level. To
achieve the goal of providing shelter for all by 2002 A.D, the Government
of Kerala and KSHB together reachout to the economically weaker section
through village local bodies. To select the real eligible beneficiaries the
Government has requested the help of Panchayats and Municipalities,
voluntary agencies, religious and charitable organisations. KSHB has
received remarkable support and Co-operation from the local units. Many
voluntary agencies have come forward to sponsor the deserving families.
Accordingly, 525 Panchayats sponsored 36500 families till 4/99.''
11 KSHB activities an overview 1999, KSHB Office, Santhi Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram
12 KSHB Brochure - 'Mathri Bhavan Nirman Padhathi"0ffice of the Housing Commissioner, Thiruvananthapuram.
5.4. Major Policy Decisions: (1992-1995)
KSHB has evolved several result oriented schemes in order to tackle
the houslng shortage in Kerala. KSHB pays greater attention to building
houses for the weaker sections of the society by giving interest subsidies
and by ralslng the rate of reservation in allotment under public housing
schemes in the case of SCIST. The functioning of KSHB is technically
updated The major policy decision taken during 1992-1995 are given
below
Introduced direct purchase of land through negotiation with the land
owners Instead of requisition under Land Acquisition Act. This has paved
the way to save exhorbitant compensation paid as well as saves time for
getting land value accounts finalised at the earliest.
Exemptions of stamp duty was approved while land is purchased
directly by the Board.
Exemptions of stamp duty was approved while realising the
mortgage deeds executed by the loanee.
5.4.4. Number of instalments of loan disbursements to beneficiaries was
reduced from 4 to 3.
5.4.5. Reservation in allotment under the public housing schemes in the
case of SClST was raised from 7% to 10% and for the working journalist
the resewat~on in allotment was made to the extent of 2%.
Steps were taken to computerise the Boards' accounts and other
allied matters through E.D.P system.
5.4.7. Boards' activities were decentralised by opening more divisional
offices at district level and branch offices at Taluk level.
5.4.8. Special cell was constituted to finalise the scheme accounts and
realis~ng the sale deed.
5.4.9. A special recovery cell was constituted and action taken to improve
the collection of dues.
5.4.10. 5% interest subsidy for the beneficiaries belonging to economically
weaker sections allowed.
5.4.11. The loan sanctions and disbursements system under various
schemes have been streamlined.
5.4.12. Effective steps were taken to implement the Apartment Ownership
Act
5.4.13. Loan amount under various schemes were increased twice during
the years 1992-1 995.
5.4.14. Action taken to form Housing Finance Company.
5.4.15. Implemented the pay revision at par with central parity for the
employees and allowed secretariat scale of pay.
The target of KSHB during the years 1992-95 were ( I )To formulate
and implement housing schemes most economically, and considering the
housing needs of all sections of the society in a time bound manner. (2) To
implement schemes in all the major registration centres (3) To improve the
facilities in the existing housing colonies and to redress the grievances of
the allot tee^.'^
- -
13 KSHB Souvenrr, Silver Jubilee 1995-96, report of the adivities.
5.5. SOURCES OF FINANCE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES
DURING THE YEARS 1992-95:
The main source of the finance of the Board for implementing various
housing schemes are Government of Kerala, HUDCO, HDFC, LIC, GIC,
Banks etc. The major financing agency is HUDCO which has been
extending strong financial support to the Housing Board during the last 25
years. 95% of the schemes of the Board was financed by HUDCO.
The Board achieved high performance level during the period1 992-95.
Profit as per annual accounts is given in table 5.5.1.
Table 5.5.1
Financial Performance of KSHB 1992-1995
Source KSHB - Silver Jubilee Souvenir - 1995 - 1996
Year
1992 - 1993
1993 - 1994
1994 - 1995
The Board achieved 6th position in profitability among the 101 public
sector undertakings in the state and stands fourth among those in Capital
investments. The Board could mobilise Rs. 200 crores for the various
schemes during the years 1992-95. The Board is prompt in repayment of
loans and has no overdues to any institutions.
Profits (Rs. in crores)
4.01
5.56
6.2
1-he Board could computerise its major activities. The recovery of
dues from allottees and loanees improved substantially during the year
1992-'95 and Rs. 16 crores was collected as arrears alone. The percentage
collect~on of dues also showed a steep increase during the year 1992-95
due to the best efforts taken by the Board in recovery of dues.
Table 5.5.2 Table 5.5.3
Resource mobilisation from financial institutions and
Government
(Rs in crores)
1991 -1992
1992 - 1993 43.95
1993 - 1994 53.46
1994 - 1995
Repayment to financial institutions
Source: KSHB - Silver Jubilee Souvenir - 1995 - 1996
Year
1991 -1992
1992 - 1993
1993 - 1994
1994 - 1995
Table 5.5.2 shows the resource mobilisation from financial
institutions and Government. The year 1994-95 marks tremendous
increase in resource mobilisation. But on the other hand, the repayment
during this year is only Rs. 47.12 crores. The resource mobilisation
increases from 53.46 crores in 1993-94 to 95.07 crores in 1994-95.
(Rs. in crores)
34.80
40.08
49.30
47.12 -
Major activities of the Board during these years are.
5.5.1. Construction of houses I flats and allotment to registrants under
public housing schemes.
5.5.2. Development of house sites and allotment to registrants under the
sites and development schemes.
5.5.3. Loan assistance to all categories of society for construction of
houses.
5.5.4. Construction of office cum commercial complexes
5.5.5. Implementation of Government sponsored schemes.
5.5.6. Consultancy services.14
5.6 RAJIV ONE MILLION HOUSING SCHEME (ROMHS):
The Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme, an ambitious housing
programme launched on 17th September, 1991 by Government of Kerala,
aims to achieve a target of One Million houses over a span of 5 years as
part of Government's accepted goal of achieving "Housing for all by 2000
A.D. Kerala State Housing Board, being the premier housing agency of
the state and forerunner in providing the housing requirements of the state
was nom~nated as the Nodal agency for the implementation of ROMHS.
The scheme implemented by all the housing agencies in the state during
these five years (1 991 -1 995) come under the Rajiv One Million Housing
Scheme l 5
In th~s scheme prime importance is given to rehabilitate the weakest
landless sections living on the pavements, near the gutters, on Government
land, (puramboke) and to provide houses to other weaker sections in their
own land Apart from creating necessary housing facilities for the people,
home upgradation and improvement of sanitation are also envisaged under
14 KSHB Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1995-96.
15 KSHB Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1995-96 Inauguration of ROMHS by Sonia Gandhi,
this programme. To benefit people of different walks of life twelve projects
are formulated under the Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme.
The various schemes proposed to be implemented under the Rajiv
One Million Housing Scheme are given below.
Table 5.6.1
Schemes of ROMHS
Schemes Houses to be I constructed
I I in a year
Housing scheme for EWS in the rural areas
Housing scheme for EWS in the urban areas 1 50,000
I Housing scheme for low income group I 30,000 Housing scheme for middle income group I
I Houslng scheme for high income group 1 61900 Publlc housing scheme of Kerala State Housing Board 1 1,150
Housing scheme for working journalist
I Houslng scheme for Gazetted officers 1 300
I Houslng scheme for Non-resident indians 1 400
I Rental housing scheme for government employees 1 1,200
San~tation improvement scheme 50,000
TOTAL I- 4,00,000
Home upgradation scheme (one lakh houses and others)
Source : A booklet on ROMHS, Kemla State Housing Board, Santhi nagar,
Thiruvananthapurm - 1991.
1,50,000
5.6.1. Salient features :
Houstng scheme for economically backward weaker section in rural
and urban areas.
5.6.1.1. Housing Complex:
Housing Complex, Comprising 50 houses is being built in selected
200 Panchayats each year. The weakest of the weaker sections settled in
Road, thodu, Purambokes will be the beneficiaries of the scheme. Every
year 10,000 houses were proposed to be constructed.
If the land selected for the implementation of this scheme is owned
by Government, District Collectors will inform its details to the secretary, to
the Housing Department. Even otherwise, if the land is owned by private
individuals, the secretary, Kerala State Housing Board will formulate the
scheme following the instructions from the Government of Kerala. Even
though the responsibility of the construction of housing complexes rests
on Kerala State Housing Board, it can handover it to Nirmiti Kendras, and
those voluntary organisations utiliSing their services in implementing
hous~ng schemes. The Kerala State Housing Board will invite applications
to find out voluntary organisations prepared to lend financial assistance
for th~s scheme
Voluntary organisations shall bear the expenditure of the housing
complex fully or partially. In such cases a committee consisting of two
representatives from the concerned voluntary organisations, Convenor of
grama sabha, (village officer), president of concerned panchayat, and the
representative of Kerala state Housing Board will shoulder the full
responsibility of construction. The same committee has the power to select
the beneficiaries of the scheme. To get the benefit of the scheme the
beneficiaries should have to submit applications to the Kerala State Housing
Board in the prescribed form. If a voluntary organisation is prepared to
adopt a housing complex fully, the right to select beneficiaries will be
bestowed with that organisation.
If the beneficiaries bear the full share of Rs. 2,5001- and more than
50 appl~cants are there in one centre, the grama sabha will select the
beneficiaries following the criteria. KSHB will determine the beneficiaries
in the mlni housing complexes where the applicants are below 50. Nirmiti
subcentres will not be attached with such Mini Housing Complexes.
Ten thousand houses were proposed to be constructed under this
scheme with a total cost of Rs. 22.50 crores, of this 20 crores will be loan
from HUDCO; Rs. 1.5 crores will be met by subsidy and the balance amount
of Rupees one crore is the share either from the beneficiaries or from the
voluntary organisations.
Houslng Complexes will have the facilities such as electricity,
drlnk~ng water, nurseryschool, garden and play ground. A production centre
of N~rmltl w~ l l be attached with each and every housing complex. This
scheme rehabilitates the landless poor by providing land, shelter and job
and thus fulfils the gram swaraj concept of Mahatmaji. The following table
gives the details of the housing complexes.
Table 5.6.2
Modes of adjustments when the subsidy is received from the government
Housing Complexes -
Si. no^
1
Source : Booklet - ROMHS, KSHB Santhinagar; Thiruvananthapuram - 7991.
SI. No.
1
2
Note: Loan amount, rate of interest and monthly repayment instalments will be decided as perthe stipulation of HUDCO and other financial institutions. Repayment of loan with interest may
Item
Land
be begun from the next month of the completion of thebuilding or the next month of the disbursement of the last loan instalment whichever is earlier.
1 2 1 Buddrng 1 245 sq fi
Beneficiary's share
Rs. 1000
5.6.1.2. Housing Scheme for Weaker Sections:
Area
Maximum 3 cents
The scheme proposes to construct houses for weaker sections of
the society having a piece of land of their own, but living in uninhabitable
settlements. The scheme is beneficial to those with atleast two cents of
land owned by them and have a monthly income of Rs. 1250 and below.
Source ; Booklet - ROMHS, KSHB Santhinagar; Thiruvananthapuram - 1991.
Table 5.6.3
-
Share of voluntary
organisation
Rs. 1500
Rs. 2500
Maximum purchasing price of the
land
Rs. 1500 per cent
RS.15000 Rs. 12500
Total subsidy
Rs. 2500
Rs. 2500
Value of developed Plot obtain-
able to beneficiary after the
completion of the scheme
RS. 7500
Subsidy adjustments
Rs. 1500 will be deducted from the beneficiary's loan
Rs.1500 will be returned to the voluntary organisation as per the beneficiary's request
Rs.2500
Cost Of loan amount
252 monthly instalments
Initial amount to be invested
by the beneficiary himself or With the help of
voluntary organisa-
tion
received
Repayment period
(including interest)
Remarks
Subsidy Rs.1500 will be
Table 5.6.4
Housing Scheme for weaker sections
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn - 1991.
SI. No.
1
Table 5.6.5
Modes of adjustments when the subsidy is received from the government
Item
Land
Rs. 2500
Rs. 2500
Area
hrmhe G-- mn( k
Rs.15000 Rs. 12500
Share of voluntary
organisation
Rs. 1500 will be deducted from the beneficiary's loan
Rs.1500 will be returned to the voluntary organisation as per the beneficialy's
Maximum purchasing price of the
land
RS.2500
Total subsidy
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn - 1991.
Beneficiaries should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
252 monthly instalments
Subsidy adjustments
Note: Loan amount, rate of interest and monthly repayment instalments will be decided as perthe stipulation of HUDCO and other financial institutions. Repayment of loan with interest may be begun from the next month of the completion of the building or the nefi month of the disbursement of the last loan instalment whichever is earlier.
Value of developed plot obtain- able to the beneficiary after the
completion of the scheme
subsii RS.IW f a each houbawill be received
Voluntary organisations prepared to contribute Rs. 2500 for each
house will accept applications for beneficiaries and transfer them to village
of losn
officers. Voluntary organisations should hand over their share of Rs. 2500
to KSHB. The Board will later distribute this amount to the beneficiaries
lnltial amount to be ilvestad
by the Deneficia himself 2 with the help of
voluntary organisa-
tion
Repayment Period
(including interest)
Ramarks
along with loan instalments. However, the voluntary organisations can render
this subsldy directly to the beneficiaries with the concurrence of the KSHB.
The Board will grant cash loan in such cases also. The prescribed
application forms of this schemes can be had from all village offices. The
scheme ~ntends to construct 90,000 houses in a year in all districts at a
total cost of Rs. 135 crores. Total amount of loan will be Rs. 112.50 crores
and Rs. 13.50 crores and Rs. 9 crores will be the subsidy and the share of
beneficiaries or voluntary organisations respectively.
5.5.1.3. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Low Income Group:
The scheme assists persons having a monthly income over Rs. 1250
and a maxlmum of Rs. 2650 for construction of houses in the land owned
by them
Table 5.6.6
Cash Loan Housing Scheme for LIG
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Jhiruvananthapuram, 1991
Kerala State Housing Board development authorities, local bodies,
commercial banks, Agricultural Development Bank and Housing Financial
Institutions are the agencies for selecting the beneficiaries and for
implementing the scheme. The scheme has the provision of loan assistance
of Rs. 90 crores for the constructions of 30,000 houses in a year.
NO.
I
2
nm
Land
Building
Benefici- ary.s share
Area
Minimum 3 cents
267 sqft
Subsidy cost Loan
amount
Beneficiary should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
Total amount
Rs 40000
Repayment period
including interest
Rs.10000
Remarks
Rs.30000 Rs.40000 Nil 168 month
5.6.1.4. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Middle Income Group:
The scheme benefits those having a monthly income of over
Rs 2650 and up to Rs. 4450 and gets loan assistance for construction of
houses in thew own land. The scheme provides loan assistance of Rs. 600
crores for constructrng 60,000 houses in a year. KSHB, Development
authorit~es, local bod~es, Co-operative Banks, Agricultural Development
Banks, HDFC, Ind Bank, Canfin Homes, LIC, GIC etc. are the implementing
agencles Table 5.6.7
Cash Loan Scheme for Middle Income Group
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.
Table 5.6.8
Cash Loan Scheme for High Income Group
'I. No.
i
2
Source : ROMHS. KSHB. Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.
No.
I
2
The scheme envisages provision of loan assistance to persons with
a monthly income of over Rs. 4450 for house construction in the plot owned
by them
Item
Land
Building
nrea
Minlrnum cents
680 sqft
Cost
ltem
Land
Building
Loan amount
~ r e a
Mlnimum cents
1585 Sq ft
Beneficiary Should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
Subsidy
Rs 135000
Loan amount
Beneficiary's share
Rs.lOOOOO
Subsidy
Beneficiary should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
Repayment period (including
interest)
Nil
Beneficiary's share
- Remarks
- Rs.3.35 lakhs
Rs.35000
Repayment period (including
interest)
Rs.1.35 lakhs
168 monthly instalments
Remarks
Rs.200000 168 monthly instalrnents
Nil
The scheme is intended to provide loan of Rs. 138 crores to 6,900
persons in a year for building houses. The implementing agencies are the
same as mentioned underthe cash loan housing scheme for middle income
group
5.6.1.5. Public Housing Scheme:
Under this scheme KSHB acquires Ian d, develops it, constructs
houses and flats and allots them to the general public belonging to various
income groups. The target is to implement one project to construct 100
houses in each and every town and city in the state. Atotal of 1150 houses
and flats are aimed to build with a total cost of Rs. 38.50 crores. Such
houses will be allotted purely on the basis of seniority, to the persons
registered under the Registration scheme of the Board. The allottee should
rem~t a prescribed amount as initial deposit and the balance amount is to
be paid in 168 instalments.
5.6.1.6. Housing Scheme for Working Journalists:
llnder the scheme specially meant for the working journalists KSHB
acquires land, develops it, divides into different sizes and then allots them
to the beneficiaries either with houses or plots alone. The scheme aims to
construct fifty houses in a year, altogether 250 houses in a five year period.
The total amount of loan to be raised from the financial institutions and the
benefic~ar~es' share along with the subsidy enhanced from Rs.20,000 to
25,000 will be utilised for the implementation of the scheme.
Loan assistance varying from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 2 lakhs may be
granted according to eligibility; income limit will be considered for the
construction of houses in their own plots. Total cost for the project for the
construction of 50 houses in a year is estimated at Rs. 1.70 crores. District
level wmm~ttee consisting of the representatives of the working journalists
and district collector as Chairman will select the beneficiaries. While
granting loans preference will be given to the working journalists who
applied for the loan schemes of KSHB. The final shape of the scheme will
be prepared considering the availability of land after consultation with the
representatives of working journalists.
5.6.1.7. Housing Scheme for Gazetted Officers:
The scheme intends to construct 300 houses in a year - 100 units
each in Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode to the gazetted officers
of the state. The cost of each including plot is estimated to be 3.35 lakhs.
An amount of Rs. 2 lakhs will be the loan assistance from the financial
institutions The total project cost for constructing 300 houses is Rs. 10.05
crores
5.6.1.8. Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:
A large number of Keralites working in foreign countries are not in
a position to own a house. Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme formulates
housing scheme for this section also. It is proposed to construct houses
as per the plan submitted by the beneficiaries on the land specially acquired
for them. The scheme envisages special housing colonies for Keralites
working abroad in each centre. The cost of each house with modern
facilities including the cost of developed land is estimated to be
Rs. 7 lakhs. Of the total cost 60% will be the loan assistance and the balance
of 40% is the beneficiaries share. Under the scheme KSHB will construct
400 houses in a year and the target is 2000 houses within a period of 5
years Loan assistance is to be raised from financial institutions such as
Ind Bank, National Housing Bank and HDFC. The scheme will be formulated
according to the conditions laid down by these financial institutions.
The Keralites residing abroad are experiencing various practical
difficult~es in constructing a house of their own. Persons living abroad and
whose construction progressing in the homeland not only results in heavy
financial losses but also ends with a house not at all suitable to his image.
Taking thls into consideration, KSHB proposes to implement a scheme for
providing technical assistance and giving supervision for the construction
work.
5.6.1.9. Rental Housing Scheme for Government Employees:
Housing for Government employees is also a life issue. For easing
the accommodation problem of the Government employees, it is proposed
to construct each rental housing unit in all Taluk headquarters. Each unit is
estimated to cost Rs. 2 lakhs. A loan assistance of Rs. 1.15 lakhs can be
raised from HUDCO and the balance of Rs. 85,000 can be the Government
share. All the available puramboke land will be utilised forthe same.
Total cost of the scheme is estimated to be Rs. 24 crores for the
construction of 1200 quarters in a year. Ten percent from the total cost will
be utilised for implementing Bachelorslworking women's rental housing
scheme.
5.6.1 .lo. Home upgradation scheme: (including one lakh houses)
Upgradation of existing houses is also an important factor along
with the construction of new houses. A novel scheme is formulated for the
upgradation of houses built over the one lakh housing scheme in the state.
It is proposed to spend a maximum amount of Rs. 4000for each unit. The
scheme is completely free from repayment. The estimate for the home
upgradation is to be prepared through the local bodies and the
maintenance not exceeding Rs. 4000 will be done. Rs. 3000 will be the
contribut~on from the local bodies from their share through sales of lndira
Vikas Patra. Government subsidy is Rs. 10001-. The implementing agency
of the scheme is the local body. Voluntary organisation capable of
mobilising the required fund can also takeover the scheme with the
concurrence of the local bodies.
The benefiricaries entitled for their home upgradation should apply
in white paper with details of the work. One copy of the application should
be submitted to the Panchayat Executive Officer and the other copy to the
village officer. The village officer will forward his copy to the KSHB. Then
the application should be sent to the Assistant Engineer in the block office.
The Assistant Engineer will Consolidate applications and prepare the
estimate. The Panchayat Executive Officer will execute work by utilising
its share received from the sales of lndira Vikas Patra. For this purpose
an Implementation Committee will be formed with the Mayor or Municipal
Chairman or Panchayat President as Chairman.
A maximum amount of Rs. 4000 as financial assistance will be given
for the renovation of houses to persons having a monthly income below
Rs. 10501- The beneficiaries are granted a loan assistance of Rs. 3000
and a Government subsidy of Rs. 1000. Kerala State Urban Development
Corporation is implementing this scheme through municipalities and
corporations. The total cost of the project is estimated to be Rs. 37.36
crores for the renovation of 90,000 houses in a year.
Under the special scheme formulated by the KSHB low income
group people can repair their houses at an estimated cost of Rs.20,000.
Loan assistance of Rs. 17000, will be granted. The balance amount has to
be made up by the beneficiaries as their own share. It is proposed to
include 20,000 houses under this scheme in a year with a total cost
amounting to Rs. 40 crores. Eligible persons can apply to the KSHB for
availing themselves of the benefit of the scheme.
5.6.1.11 . Sanitation lmprovement Scheme:
A large number of the families coming under the economically
weaker sections are at present living in the most unhygeinic condition
without hav~ng sanitary facilities attached to their houses. Sanitation
Improvement Scheme is formulated to eradicate such poor conditions.
Under this scheme it is proposed to provide sanitary latrine with bathroom
facility estimated to cost Rs.2500. The scheme envisages a central
Government subsidy of Rs.625 under the Nehru Rozgar Yojana Scheme
and Rs. 1,875 being the contribution from the voluntary agencies and the
local bodies from the proceeds of lndira Vikas Patra. The families
deserving to be the beneficiaries of this scheme should submit their
application to the local bodies.16
ROMHS is a comprehensive housing scheme which envisages to
bring all the Income groups under its purview. However, the emphasis will
be on prov~ding financial assistance to weaker sections of society with a
view to enabling them to become owners of their own houses.
- -
16 KSHB Brochure - ROMHS salient features pp. 1-16
All the other programmes intended for various income groups will
be implemented with the help of institutional finance and therefore no plan
provision 1s made for those programmes. It is estimated that all these
programmes in this massive housing scheme taken together will be able
to raise institutional finance of the order of Rs. 1000 crores during one
year l 7
The following table gives the progress and achievements of Rajiv
One Millton Housing Scheme from its inception till 3/96.
Table 5.6.9
Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme Progress achieved as on 3196
17 Kerala Draft Eighth Five yarplan 1992-97 and annual plan 1992-93 Volume I State Planning Board p. 151, Thiwvananthapuram.
Name of agency
I Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority
I Kottayam Development Authority
Greater Cochin Development Authority
I Kollam Development Authority
I Kozhikode Development Authority
I Palakkad Development Authority
I Alappuzha Development Authority
Kasargode Development Authority
Kannur Development Authority
Thrissur Development Authority
Kerala State Development Corporation SCIST
I SC Development Department
1 ST Development Department
I PWD (B 8 LW)
Rural Development Department
Matsyafed
Sain~k Welfare
K U D F C
Upgradation of the OLDHS Repair Sanitary facilities
CATEGORY : B
Police Housing Co-operative Society
Source : Government of Kerala, Report of the Task force on housing, 1999
From the table the researcher learns that among all the categories
of the beneficiaries of Rajiv One Million Housing Schemes, EWS stands
as the largest group of beneficiary. The total number of houses wnstructed
under this scheme is 4,11,325. Out of which, EWS alone wmes to 3,06,055.
This amount is 75% of the total number of houses wnstructed. Again the
Lower Income Category gets 17,279 houses constructed. So EWS and
LIG together constitute 3,23,334 houses. It again shows that 80% of the
274
total number of houses constructed, goes to the poorer sections of the
society in Kerala. ROMHS has given a spurt in the housing scenario in
the state and has enabled to reduce considerably the housing shortage of
the landless poor in both urban and rural areas.'%
5.7. ROLE OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES:
The part being played by the Government and its agencies is
inadequate. Popular participation and the services of voluntary
organisations, Co-operative institutions, social, cultural and religious
organ~sations etc. are the inevitable factors for the successful
implementation of Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme and Maithri Housing
Scheme. A number of such organisations have already come forward and
promised financial help and co-operation to implement the schemes. Hence
i t is found necessary to clarify the role of voluntary agencies in this field.
The involvement of voluntary organisations is as follows:
To provide two or two and a half acres of land, free of cost at the
disposal of Kerala Sate Housing Board for the construction of housing
complexes
5.7.2. The scheme envisages loan assistance of Rs. 12,500 Government
subsidy of Rs. 1,500, beneficiary's share of Rs. 1000 for the construction
of a house costing Rs. 15,000. In Maithri housing scheme, the total cost of
the house is Rs. 30,0001- Rs. 19,0001- as loan Rs. 90001- as Government
subsidy, Rs.1000/- as the contribution of the voluntary agencies and
Rs. 10001- as beneficiary's own contribution. Voluntary organisations can
utilise thew service in various ways in this field.
- -
18 Govemment of Kerala. 9th Five Year Plan 1997-2002. Report of the Task Force on Housing,
5.7.2.1. k contributes Rs. 1,500 in those cases where beneficiaries are prepared
to remit their shares:
5.7.2.2. - contributes Rs. 2,500 including the beneficiary's share in those cases
where beneficiaries are incapable of remitting their shares;
5.7.3. - takes the repayment responsibility of loan assistance either fully or
partially. Monthly or yearly instalments conditioned by the financial
institutions can be remitted for the beneficiaries;
5.7.4. - takes over the construction work under the scheme:
5.7.5. - adopts housing complexes being constructed in panchayats and also
adopts any number of houses meant for the weaker sections;
5.7.6. Voluntary agencies and individuals are allowed to designate the adopted
housing complexes being established in panchayats in order to rehabilitate
the landless and the homeless poor.
5.7.7. Voluntary organisations can utilise their services in implementing the Home
upgradation scheme of one lakh houses along with local bodies by
contributing an amount of Rs. 40001-.
5.7.8. The voluntary organisations can adopt fully the upgradation work of one
lakh housrng colonies and houses of weaker sections.
5.7.9. Individuals also can take overthese activities
5.7.10. Individuals can contribute the beneficiary's share of Rs.1,875/- fully or
partically out of the total cost of Rs. 2,500 estimatedfor the execution of
sanitation improvement pr~gramme.'~
19 KSHB Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme Brochure Booklet pp. 20-23.
The tradition of a village community, the tendency to identify with
the people of a village on their own and to think of the common good of a
village has been strong in India. But this has been maned to a large extent
by economic inequality and social discrimination. When voluntary
organisations start working for social change and the upliftment of the poor
by enabling them to meet the basic necessities of life, the whole village
community will be strengthened and awakened. Houses for all will help
them to realise their dream of owning a house and to recognise self worth
and dignity as the members of the same village community. In the present
century the role of voluntary agencies are inevitable. The schemes are
divided by the Government, but it reaches the common man through the
voluntary agencies.20
5.8. NEW STRUCTURE FOR THE STATE HOUSING BOARDS:
The urban affairs ministry and HUDCO have initiated a joint exercise
to formulate a new structure for the State Housing Boards. The new structure
would enable them to operate like companies, without at the same time
sacrific~ng the various benefits they presently enjoyed as statutory state
agencles
The new initiative follows a conference of state housing secretaries,
and houslng commissioners held by the urban affairs Ministry and HUDCO.
The conference was organised to deliberate on the report of a
comprehensive study on restructuring of housing agencies commissioned
by the HUDCO through Times Research Foundation Calcutta, on behalf of
the m~nrstry.
20 'FRONTIER7- A weekly publication - Calcutta - Bharat Dogra Jan. 31, Feb. 5 , 1999. DISHA- 'Breaking Discrimination."
The participants from the states had conceded that the legislations
that were presently governing the Housing Boards have outlived their
purpose and agreed that the enactments which were formulated way back
In 1960s required to undergo a total reorientation or even rewritten a fresh,
particularly slnce the role of the Board was now more of a facilitator than a
prov~der
They also acknowledged that the present statutory format suffered
from several serious limitations such as lack of adequate powers to raise
resources and provisions to enable forging of partnership with private, Co-
operatlve and community sectors, besides a general lack of functional
autonomy
But at the same time, they felt, that the Corporatisation of the housing
boards, as suggested by the study may not provide a complete answer.
Though it would address these problems, the Company format, they felt
would deprive the housing boards of the various benefits they enjoyed now,
particularly in respect of powers for land acquisition, land assembly and
for enabllng recoveries and encroachment control.
The conference therefore concluded that there was a need to dovetail
the best of provisions of a company format, with those available under the
present state statutory format, so that the Housing Boards were able to
effectively address the emerging requirements of faster housing delivery
and Increased reliance on the market for mobilising financial resources.
7Bk1ng congnisance of the views of the conference, the Ministry and
HUDCO have decided to try and work out a hybrid format, and has entrusted
this exercise also to the Times Research Fo~ndation.~'
21 Shelter Vol 2 April 1999. "Dream Home ataffordable cost. p.13. Hindu daily 14.3.1999.
5.9. NEW TRENDS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF KSHB:
The Housing Board depends mainly on institutional finance for
implementing their housing programmes. At the same time the Board
requires seed capital to serve as a buffer finance to make good the shortfalls
in institutional finance raised by the Board for its various housing
programmes. This seed capital is provided in the form of public borrowing."
Loans from HUDCO is the major source of finance for KSHB. But
HUDGO loans are not available to all the housing schemes of the Board
because of certain rigid norms followed by them. For meeting such
requirements Housing Board has to get finance from other agencies."
Kerala State Housing Board is the major organisation implementing
a number of housing programmes which cater to the requirements of
various lncome groups. The two important schemes being implemented
by the Board during 1989-90 are the public Housing scheme and the Cash
Loan scheme. During 1989-90,172 buildings under public Housing scheme
and 78flats under Rental Housing Scheme were constructed by the Housing
Board. Under Low lncome Group Housing, Cash Loans of a maximum
amount of Rs. 20,000 are given to people whose monthly income is between
Rs 701 -1 500 at an interest rate of 9%. For Middle lncome Group housing,
the maximum loan amount is Rs. 60,000 at the rate of interest 12.5%. During
1989-90, 1609 loans under LIG and 287 loans under MIG schemes are
given. The Housing Board also received Rs. 2983 crores from HUDCO for
meeting the loan component of the various Housing schemes implemented
by the Board including Rehabilitation Housing scheme.z4
22 Draft Sixth five yearplan 1980-85 and annual plan 1981-82 Vol. I Kerala State Planning Board, Thi~vananthapurarn, p. 180.
23 Government of Kerala annual plan proposals. 1988-89, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapurarn, p.209.
24 G o m m e M ofKerala, Eamnnic Review 1990, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapurarn p. 129.
Durlng the year 1992-93, the Board had constructed 822 houses
under publ~c Housing scheme and extended loan assistance to 1986
houses under cash loan scheme. Out of this 997 loans and 129 loans
respectively were distributed to low Income Groups and Economically
weaker sections. Further 60 houses for Beedi workers and 19 houses for
handloom workers were constructed. Besides, 5693 houses were
constructed under Kairali Housing Scheme through the District Collectors.
The Board raised Rs.39.78 crores from various financial institutions for
the implementation of the housing schemes.25
As on 31.3.1994, the Housing Board has constructedlextended
assistance for the construction of about 2.85 lakh houses under various
schemes. During April to October 1994, the Board has extended
ass~stancelconstructed 13831 houseslflats. Public Housing Scheme and
cash loan scheme are the major ones implemented by the Housing Board.
During 1993-94, 188 houses and from April to October 1994,180 houses
were constructed under the Public Housing Scheme. During 1993-94, Cash
Loan was extended to 4628 persons, and out of which 2830 were for
econom~cally weaker sections and 937 were for low income groups.
Besides loan facilities were extended to 2997 persons from April to October
1994. Out of which 1907 loans for economically weaker sections and 660
loans were for low income groups. Under the scheme Housing Complexes
in Panchayats assistance was extended for the construction of 996 houses
durlng 1993-94 and for 726 houses from April to October 1994. Further
8879 houses were also constructed under Kairali Housing Scheme during
this period. Construction of houses for the flood victims are in progress
and it is expected to complete 1293 units by 3196.
Dur~ng the period 1990-91 to 1993-94, the KSHB has raised about
Rs. 184 crores. The Kerala State Co-operative Federation raised more
25 G o m n t o f K B l i l l a , EwmmicRevRw, 1993. StatePlanning Board, Thi~vanaIIthapltZJm, p. 132.
than Rs 177 crores till March 1994 from the very inception of the Federation.
Dur~ng 1993-94, the Kerala State Housing Board and Kerala State Co-
operatwe Housing Federation together have raised more than Rs. 56
crores tor housing activities in the State.z6
As on 31.3.1995, the Board has constructedlassisted more than 3
lakh houses. During the period April 1995 to December 1995,6996 house
projects have been supported.z7
1-he Kerala State Housing Board implemented 28 schemes and
assisted the construction of 3.14 lakh houses upto 31.3.1996. During April
1996 to December 1996, 19098 houses were constructed through its
various schemes. During 1995-96 the Board received Rs. 74.23 crores
as loan from HUDCO for implementing the housing
The following table shows the loan disbursement of KSHB from 1995
to 2000 The data are expressed based on the income category.
Table 5.9.1.
Disbursement of loan by KSHB based on Income Rs. in lakhs
Source: Hous~ng Board, Head Office, Santhi Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram
26 Government of Kerala, Economic Review, 1994. State Planning Board, Thi~vananthapuram, p. 186.
1995-1 996
27 Economic Review, 1995, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, p. 156. 28. Kerala Economic Review, 1996. State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, p. 145
1996-1 997
6637.16
967.08
2168.04
1343.72
EWS
LIG
i MIG I 1 HIG
-
1342.40
678.28
1229.90
649.80
1997-1 998
9662.08
1119.37
3481.52
1851.08
1998-1 999
11 920.85
1400.22
4675.51
1142.80
1999-2000
14679.55
951.30
2865.33
390.90
Figure 5.9.1
Disbursement of loan by KSHB based on Income category
LlG 1
S~nce the data for year 1999-2000 are not complete, the
comparison is made only with other years. There is a cumulative increase
in the disbursement of loan over the yearsfrom 1995 to 1999. EWS loans
disbursed are raised from Rs. 1342.40 lakhs in 1995-96 to RS. 14679
lakhs in 1999 March. The loan amount for LIG is lower comparatively with
the year 1999-2000. MIG loan has increased from Rs. 1229.90 lakhs in
1995-96 to Rs. 4675.51 lakhs in 1998-99. HIG loan amount disbursed was
Rs. 649.80 lakhs in 1995-96 was raised to Rs. 1142.80 lakhs in 1998-99.
As there is increase in housing demand in the state, disbursement of
housing loan from KSHB also increased simultaneously. This shows the
awareness and need for solving the housing problem in the state and also
their awareness of the grave responsibility vested on these financial
institut~ons and act accordingly.
5.10. ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF KSHB FROM 1996-2000:
Considering the achievements of Kerala State Housing Board
especially in the housing activities for the economically weaker sections,
formulation of innovative schemes, financial discipline, profitability and
overall performance, the KSHB was thrice honoured for the award for
excellence by HUDCO during 1992-93,94-95 and 95-96.
The activities of KSHB and its over all performance in the financing
of hous~ng IS given in split up form as on 30.11.1 999.
5.10 ACTIVITIES OF KSHB - 1996-2000 MINISTRY
List of Schemes Completed during 1 Kattappana Site - I lrumpanam Medical College - Phase - I1 Chalakudy Stage - II Palai - HAS - site - I Thodupuzha - HS - Site - I Koovappadi - HAS Kuruva HAS Elamkulam East HAS
Table 5.10.1 Layout Housing Scheme
Name of Scheme I PWB I FLAT 1 PLOT [TOTAL
List of Schemes Completed during 1996 - 9'7
Total
List of Schemes Completed during Medical College HS - Stage -I Ph.lll Vadakara HAS Chevayur HAS Mulamkunnathukavu II (Part - I) Nettayam HAS Guruvayoor HAS Akathethara HAS 46 -
Total 235 12
Kozhencherry (Extn) Elamkulam East (Nevy - 1) Chirackal Thiruvalla Stage - I1 (Kattilpurayidam) Velloor Total
List of Schemes Comp!eted during 1 Chirackal flats Thodupuzha Site I1
Total 15 16
- 60
- - -
60
8 -
19
- 27
Source : Hous~ng Board head office, Santhinagar, 2000
- -
68 33
101
Total un~ts completed
8 60 19 68 33
188
469 118 128 715
Total I I
7264.72 1 229 1 520 1 3 1 752
Source KSHB head office, Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.10.2
Layout of Schemes in progress
Table 5.10.3 Proposed Public Housing Schemes
Name of Scheme
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DIST. Pattoor (SO NRI) Balaramapuram PATHANAMTHITTA DIST. Pathanamthitta HAS KOTTAYAM DIST. Kanjirappally HAS ERNAKULAM DIST.
Thrikkakara HAS (40 NRI) P e ~ m b a v o o r HAS THRISSUR DIST. Mulamkunnathukavu Stage I1 Pullazhy HAS Stage II PALAKKAD DIST. Ottappalam HAS WYANAD DIST. Meenangadi
Ambalanagar Extn. Jagath (NRI) PATHANAMTHITTA DIST. Cherukole Ranni ALAPPUZHA DIST. S.D. Pharmacy Cherthala Site I - Stage II Cherthala Site I - Stage I1 Valavanad
KOTTAYAM DlST. Erumeli Palai Site I1 Changanasseri - ll Kanjirappalli - I1 Ayarkunnam
Proj. Cost
1393.12 2307
179.74
338.34
1218.64 226.79
472.18 527.24
429.63
172.04
PWB
-
21
33
70 15
67
23
FLAT
148 1 84
44 80
64
PLOl
3
Source KSHB H e a d Office, Sanfhi Nagar; Activities o f KSHB 1999-2000
5 10.4 Rental Housing Scheme:
Table 5.10.4.1
List of completed schemes
Name of Scheme
IDUKKI DIST. Katlappana - site ll Peerurnedu HS Vazhathoppe HS ERNAKULAM DIST. Kaloor Njarackal Choondi Kumaranasan nagar CRC THRISSUR DIST. Chalakudi Asokanagar Ayyanthole Pullut HS PALAKKAD DIST. Puthussery HS KOZHIKODE DlST Medical College Stage II Medical College HS - Stage Ill Chevarambalam CRC East Hill CRC MALAPPURAM DIST Manjen WYNAD DlST Sulthanbatheri CRC Mananthavady
during 1997-98) Total I 42 (FLATS)
Source KSHB Head Office, Sanfhi Nagar; Thiruvananfhaputam.
I Name of Scheme I Total Units
Table 5.10.4.2
PWB
35
12
96
Perumbavoor
List of schemes in progress Rs. in labs Name of Scheme I Total Units I project cos t I
PLOT
- -
FLAT
24 51 30 50
16 6
96
7
42 (Comdeted
I Palakkad RHS 1 78 flats 1 294.38 1
Pro. - . bU31
433.2:
239.67
333.4e
49.22
794.4
Source . Activities o f KSHB 1999-2000
Table 5.10.4.3
List of Schemes to be implemented
Name of Scheme I Total Units I Project Cost
5.10.5 Working Journalist Housing Scheme:
RHS Kuttanalloor RHS Kasargode RHS Poojappura
Total
5.10.5 1 L ~ s t of completed Schemes
NCC Road, Tvm - 54 flats (Completed during 1999-2000)
Source Actrvities of KSHB 1999-2000
78 60
160
298
5.10.6 Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:
436.38 222.73 272.79
931.9
Table 5.10.6.1 Scheme completed exclusively for NRI
50
Source : Activities of KSHB 1999-2000
r Name of Scheme
Mulamkunnathukavu
Table 5.10.6.2
No. of Units
(PWB - Completed during 1998-99)
NRI Schemes in progress
Pattoor Thnkkakara T D Road Total
50 (Flats) 40 (Flats)
12 (Flats) 104 Units
Source Activities of KSHB 1999-20m
5.10.7. Housing Complexes (ROMHS):
Table 5.10.7.1
Details of completed units of ROMHS
Source Act~vrtres of KSHB 1999-2000
Name of Scheme (Panchayath)
ALAPPUZHA DlSTRlCT Chett~kulangara
PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Palltckal
KOTTAYAM DISTRICT Moon~lavu
Neendoor
Kozhuvanal THRISSUR DISTRICT Panacherry
Kondazhy
Puthukad
PALAKKAD DISTRICT Nalleppullll
Muthalamada
Malarcode Keralassery
KOZHIKODE DlSTRlCT Puthuppad~ Vanlmel
KANNUR DISTRICT Naduvll
KASARGODE DlSTRlCT Kodembelur
Total
-
Units completed
20
31
20 5
10
2 15 13
5 5
20 20
12 16
1
10
205 Units
288
Table 5.10.7.2
Details of completed units during 1997-98
PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Pallickal WAYANAD DISTRICT Thariyod KOZHIKODE DISTRICT Peruvayal
Source Act~vities of KSHB 1999-2000
Total
No, of units completed during 1998-1999 Nil No. of units completed during 1999-2000 Nil
~p ~p - ~
45
Table 5.10.7.3
Details of Housing Complexes in Progress
TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT Navalkkulam PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Pallickal ERNAKULAM DISTRICT Mudakkuzha THRISSUR DISTRICT Puthukkad PALAKKAD DISTRICT Lakkid~perur Karimba Muthalamada KOZHIKODE DISTRICT Thiruvampady Thariyode Peruvayal WAYNAD DISTRICT Meppadi KANNUR DISTRICT Mangattidom
Total
Source - Activities of KSHB 1999-2000
5.10.8. Office cum Commercial Complexes
5.10.8.1. List of completed Commercial Complexes: Thiruvampady, Alappuzha (Completed during 1996-97)
5.10.8.2 Commercial Complexes in progress: Balaramapurarn, Thiruvananthapuram ~ a t t a ~ ~ a n a Thrikkakara
5.10.8.3 Proposed Commercial Complexes: PT Chacko Nagar CRC Marutharnkuzhy Thr~v~kramangalam Pattom Kaloor Kumaranasan Nagar CRC Choond~ Chalakudi Chengala East Hill Ch~rackal Chevarambalam CRC Thottada Nell~code Malapparamba CRC
5 10.9 Revenue Towers :
5.10.9.1 Revenue Towers in Progress:
Nedumangad Adoor Thiruvalla Kothamangalam Ernakulam Changanassery
5.10.1 0 Working Women's Hostel
5.10.10.1 Scheme completed :
Working Women's Hostel, Gandhinagar, Kottayam
5.10.10.2 Scheme in progress :
Working Women's Hostel, Muttom, Thodupuzha
5.10.11 Deposit Works
5.10.11.1 Completed Schemes:
Revenue Institute, PTP Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram (Completed during 1 999-2000)M
The National Housing and Habitat policy 1998, callsfor launching a
Hous~ng Revolution against all impedimentswhich have hindered the growth
of hous~ng stock and to achieve the universal target of Housing for all and
to ensure sustainable development of Housing and Habitat. The policy
through the National Agenda, declares Housing for all as a priority area
and dec~des to focus on the housing needs of citizens in general and that
of the poor and the deprived in particular. This New policy was evolved by
the Government of lndia in August 1994.
Houslng activity has been accepted as an engine for the substantial
generation of employment and revival of Indian economy. It is accepted
that the only way lndia can come out of Industrial recession is to give impetus
to housing activity on a massive scale to be spread over the entire length
and breadth of the country. To achieve this housing policy aims at removing
all legal and administrative impediments which stand in the way.
It re-ernphasises the role of Government as afacilitator. It aims at
creating and enabling environment in which private sector can operate more
effectively and efficiently. It seeks to persuade the private sector through
flscal concessions and other incentives to take up larger responsibility in
the housing sector. However direct involvement of the Government would
cont~nue for the benefit of poor and deprived in order provide shelter for
them 3'
~- ~ ~
30 Activities of KSHB - 1999 - 2000, Monitoring cell KSHB main office Santhi Nagar, Trivandrum 31 Shelter Vol. I No.2, April 1999. "NationalHousingand Habitat Policy, 1998 -Step in the right
direction J.K. Gupta Senior Town Planners, Panjab Urban Planning and Development Authority, SAS Nagar, p. 22-23.