Atomic Theory When looking at the History of the Atom. The Atom was always Neutral.
Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of...
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Transcript of Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of...
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Atoms and IonsAtoms and Ions
2 _____
2 _______
In a Neutral Atom of an Element:
The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)
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This represents an ____ of the element ________ ( __P’s & __ e-’s)
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We have now taken one electron away from Lithium!
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It still has _ Protons, but now only _ electrons! (Neutrons haven’t changed)
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This is no longer called “A Lithium Atom”. It is now called a Lithium ___.
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Because Protons are Positive (+) and Electrons are Negative (-), this Lithium Ion has 3+’s and 2 –’s.
+
++
-
-
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Because Protons are Positive (+) and Electrons are Negative (-), this Lithium Ion has 3+’s and 2 –’s. It has a “Net Charge” of __. ( +3 and –2 = __)
+
++
-
-
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An Ion is an atom in which
# of ________ # of ________
(Neutrons don’t matter here)
An Ion can also be defined as an atom with a ____ _______
(Protons or Electrons are “left over”)
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A Lithium ___ is shown as having a net +1 charge.
+
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The symbol for a Lithium Ion is ___
+
Li+
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(Take out your Periodic Table!)
A Neutral Sodium (Na) Atom has
____ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-)
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(Take out your Periodic Table!)
A Neutral Sodium (Na) Atom has
__ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-)
Na
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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A Neutral Sodium atom has a net charge of _____
Na
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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OKAY. Let’s REMOVE an
electron from the Sodium
Atom!
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It still has __ Protons(+), but now it only has __ Electrons(-)
(There is ONE P(+) left over! )
Na
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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It still has __ Protons(+), but now it only has __ Electrons(-)
(There is ONE P(+) left over! )
The NET CHARGE is __
Na
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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It still has __ Protons(+), but now it only has __ Electrons(-)(There is ONE P(+) left over! )The NET CHARGE is __
A Sodium Ion has the symbol ___
Na
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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(Take out your Periodic Table!)
A Neutral Magnesium (Mg) Atom has
____ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-)
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(Take out your Periodic Table!)
A Neutral Magnesium (Mg) Atom has
__ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-)
Mg
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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Magnesium tends to easily lose 2 electrons!
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It now has
__ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-)
Mg
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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The NET CHARGE on this Magnesium ion is now _______
And the symbol for a Magnesium ion is:
_________
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So an Mg2+ ion has
___Protons(+) and ___Electrons(-)
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So an Mg2+ ion has
__ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-)
The ATOMIC NUMBER on the
Periodic Table
If the NET CHARGE is 2+, it means it has 2 LESS Electrons than Protons!(Protons don’t change, only Electrons!)
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An Al3+ ion has
___Protons(+) and ___Electrons(-)
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So an Al3+ ion has
__ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-)
The ATOMIC NUMBER on the
Periodic Table
If the NET CHARGE is 3+, it means it has 3 LESS Electrons than Protons!(Protons don’t change, only Electrons!)
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Electrons can be ADDED to Neutral Atoms to make IONS. If an Ion has MORE Electrons(-) than Protons(+), the NET CHARGE on that ion is (positive/negative) ___________
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(Take out your Periodic Table!)
A Neutral Fluorine (F) Atom has
____ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-)
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A Neutral Fluorine (F) Atom has
__ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-)
F
Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus
Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside.
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So a Neutral Fluorine Atom (9P’s and 9e-’s) has a NET CHARGE of
_______
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If we add ONE Electron to a Neutral Fluorine Atom, it will now have ___P’s(+) and ___e-’s(-) and the NET CHARGE on the ion will be ___.
The symbol for a Fluoride Ion is
______
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The ion O2- has
___Protons and ___Electrons.
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The ion O2- has
__ Protons and __ Electrons.
This is the
ATOMIC NUMBE
R of Oxygen
A NET CHARGE of 2- means it has 2 MORE Electrons(-)
than Protons(+)
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The ion As3- has
___Protons and ___Electrons.
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On the top right of each element on the Periodic Table is the ______ ________ of the most common ion of each element.
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The top left on the Periodic Table shows the ______ NUMBER or # of ________.
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In a Neutral Atom (Atom) of an Element, the # of ethe # of e--’s = # of P’s’s = # of P’s
So a (neutral) potassium atom has
___ protons and ___ electrons
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The NET CHARGE on a potassium ION is + (means +1)
So a potassium ION has
___ protons and ___ electrons
This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons
This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons
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The NET CHARGE on a Scandium ION is 3+ (means +3)
So a Scandium ION has
__ protons and __ electrons
This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons
This means that there are THREE LESS electrons than protons
![Page 40: Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee55503460f94bf3d4e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions:
One with a net charge of 3+
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Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions:
One with a net charge of 3+
This ion Fe3+ would have
__ Protons and __ Electrons
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Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions:
The other ion would have a net charge of 2+( Iron(II)
)
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Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions:
The other ion would have a net charge of 2+( Iron(II)
)
This ion Fe2+ would have
__ Protons and __ Electrons
![Page 44: Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee55503460f94bf3d4e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Negative Ions (Ions of NON-METALS) change the ending of their names to IDEIDE, So Cl- is called a CHLORCHLORIDEIDE ion.
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The NET CHARGE on a Chloride ION is - (means -1)
So a chloride ION (Cl-) has
___ protons and ___ electrons
This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons
This means that there is ONE MORE electron than protons
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The NET CHARGE on a Sulphide ION is 2- (means -2)
So a Sulphide ION (S2-) has
__ protons and __ electrons
This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons
This means that there is TWOTWO MORE electrons than protons
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A Sulphur atom has __ Protons and__ Electrons.
![Page 48: Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee55503460f94bf3d4e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Remember, this means the NET CHARGENET CHARGE on an
IONION, notnot on an ATOMATOM
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Use your Periodic Table to find the # of Protons and # of Electrons in each of the following:
Symbol# of
Protons# of
Electrons
A Barium ion
A Phosphide ion
A Nitrogen atom
A Nitrogen ion
A Gallium atom
A Gallium ion
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Remember that given Nuclear
Notation, we can find the number of Protons and
Neutrons:
![Page 51: Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee55503460f94bf3d4e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
To find P’s and N’s from Nuclear Notation
41CaCalcium’s atomic Number = ____
So it has __ Protons
To find # of Neutrons, put Atomic Number Here:
Mass # = P + N
Subtract to get # of Neutrons
So it has __ Neutrons
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We can also find the Number of
Electrons!
![Page 53: Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee55503460f94bf3d4e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
41Ca
If we are given this:
There is NO number on the top right, so this must be a _______ ATOM and the NET CHARGE = ___
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41Ca
If we are given this:
There is NO number on the top right, so this must be a NEUTRAL ATOM and the NET CHARGE = 0In a neutral atom #of _’s = # of
_’s
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41Ca
If we are given this:
There is NO number on the top right, so this must be a NEUTRAL ATOM and the NET CHARGE = 0In a neutral atom #of P’s = # of
e-’sSo this atom has:
__ protons and __ electrons
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41Ca
To Summarize:
Has: __ Protons (Atomic Number) __ Neutrons (41-20 = 21) and __ Electrons (e-’s = P’s)
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Now try this one:
41Ca2+
Has __ Protons __ Neutrons __ Electrons
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Now try this one:
37Br-
Has __ Protons __ Neutrons __ Electrons
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Now try this one:
238U4+
Has __ Protons __ Neutrons __ Electrons
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Now try this one:
33P3-
Has __ Protons __ Neutrons __ Electrons
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The isotope:
76As3-
has __ protons __ neutrons __ electrons
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The isotope:
201Au+
has __ protons ___ neutrons __ electrons
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An isotope has 46 protons, 58 neutrons and 42 electrons. Write the nuclear notation:
![Page 64: Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee55503460f94bf3d4e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
An isotope has 52 protons, 79 neutrons and 54 electrons. Write the nuclear notation: