ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7...
-
Upload
julian-hawkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7...
![Page 1: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ATMOSPHERE Part 2
![Page 2: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Water Cycle
![Page 3: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere
1. Caused by gravity
2. 14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level
![Page 4: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Barometer- instrument to measure air pressure
Two types:
ANEROID
MERCURY
![Page 5: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clicker
• What causes air pressure?
a) Gravity
b) Inertia
c) Radiation
d) Friction SMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...
![Page 6: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Units of Measurement
1.Millibars- unit on national weather map
2.Inches of Mercury on local weather
1.Conversion- 29.92’’= 1013.25 mb
![Page 7: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Latent heat
• Energy absorbed and stored in molecules “hidden”
![Page 8: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Homework
• Define/ research:
– Psychrometer
![Page 9: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Psychrometer Instrument to
measure humidity
Dry bulb – measures air temp.
Wet bulb – has a water soak wick around the bulb – water evaporates – cools the air
![Page 10: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Psychrometer
Dry air - greater evaporation - greater cooling - greater the difference in the 2
temperatures High humidity – no evaporation (saturated
air)- temperatures of the 2
bulbs will be the same or very close
![Page 11: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chart:
![Page 12: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HumidityThe more water vapor in the air the
lower the air pressure
Dry air is more dense
H20 is molecularly lighter than N2, O2 and CO2
things that can change air pressure
![Page 13: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Specific Humidity ACTUAL
amount of water vapor in the air at a given time and placeUnits - g of
water vapor / Kg of air
Saturated AirAt a steady temperature the
amount of water vapor is at it’s peak (maximum)
Rate of condensation = Rate of evaporation
• Dependent on air temperature• Higher the air temp. - greater
the amount of water vapor in the air
![Page 14: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Relative Humidity Comparison of the specific humidity and
the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at a given temperature and pressureUNIT - %
Relative humidity = specific humidity X 100% maximum capacity(saturated)
100% Rel. Hum. – saturated air0% Rel. Hum. – dry air
![Page 15: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Clicker
At any given temperature , 1m3 of air can hold 10 g of water vapor. What is the relative humidity at that temperature if 1 m3 of air is holding 9 g of water?
SMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...
![Page 16: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Clicker Dry bulb=22 degrees:
Difference between bulb readings is 5 degrees what is the RH %?
SMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...
![Page 17: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
things that can change air pressure
Altitude ( elevation )- As altitude increases; air pressure
decreases
Fewer gas molecules= less pressure
Greatest at sea level or below
Least at the top of mountains
![Page 18: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
things that can change air pressure
Temperature- warm air becomes less dense than cold air
– Becomes a low pressure
• As temperature increases air pressure decreases
• Cold air will be a high pressure
![Page 19: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dew point: The temperature air must be cooled to in order to reach Saturation.
Any point below water vapor will condense into liquid water.
If dew point falls below freezing point of water we get FROST.
![Page 20: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cloud Formation
Clouds are made of which two states of matter? Water Vapor (gas)Liquid water
![Page 21: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Clicker Water needs to condense on a solid
surface there are no solid surfaces in the atmosphere. Using what you know about scattering, what is needed to allow water vapor to condense into a cloud?
a) Lightb) Dustc) UV raysd) Mesosphere
SMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...
![Page 22: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Condensation nuclei
Dust, ice, salt, and other solid particles suspended in the atmosphere.
What else is necessary to form a cloud? *Hypothesis*
![Page 23: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cloud formation: 2 methods Method 1:
Convective cooling○ The lowering of the temperature of a
mass of air due to rising and expanding.○ Most clouds form this way
Temperature changes that occur this way are called Adiabatic temperature changes.
![Page 24: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Describe and Diagram
![Page 25: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Method 2: Force lifting
Cloud formation requires rising air lifting can come from air forced up
terrain, air being heated and becoming buoyant, frontal systems passing through, etc.
![Page 26: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Clicker
How are most clouds formed?a) Force liftingb) Advective coolingc) Convective coolingd) Coalescence
SMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...
![Page 27: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Describe and Diagram: Frontal lifting
![Page 28: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Describe and Diagram: Orographic Lifting
(Barrier)
![Page 29: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cloud Identification: the basics
![Page 30: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cumulus
“Puffy” thick high topped clouds Formed by rising moist air that cools
![Page 31: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Stratus
“sheet” likeForm when warm moist air lie above a
layer of cool air
![Page 32: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cirrus
“feathery” highest cloudsForm above 6000 m (19685 ft)
![Page 33: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Prefix/ Suffix
Alto: Middle
Cirro: Curly
Nimbo/nimbus: Rain
![Page 34: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Precipitation
![Page 35: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Rain: liquid water in the form of droplets
![Page 36: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Freezing Rain: rain that falls when surface temperatures are below freezing.
![Page 37: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Snow: precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds.
![Page 38: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Sleet: form of precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice. Ice pellets are usually smaller than hailstones
![Page 39: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hail: solid precipitation. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone.
![Page 40: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Rain making processes Coalescence
Different size water droplets
Combine to form larger
SupercoolingWater droplets
commonly remain as liquid water and do not freeze, even well below 0 degrees.
Freezing condensation nuclei
![Page 42: ATMOSPHERE Part 2. Water Cycle Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere 1.Caused by gravity 2.14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649e8f5503460f94b92fef/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cloud seeding: form of intentional weather modification dispersing substances into the air
that serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei.