Atlantic Wars and Revolutions

By Jeffrey Phongsamran

13. Revolution - Dominion

• The crown of England wanted to reduce England to obedience. He eventually disbanded the colonies into a super colony known as the Dominion of New England.

• The Dominion demanded unprecedented levels of taxation.• The colonist were shock at the regime of the Dominion, the

reorganization of the courts and militias did not bode well for the rights of defendants.

• The governor-general was determined to defund Puritanism, he forbad the Puritan clergy from drawing their salaries from the town taxes.

13. Revolution – Glorious Revolutions

• King James alarmed the Protestant Majority by ruling arbitrarily and favoring his Catholics.

• William, the Dutch Prince of Orange, saw an opportunity to seize the crown for himself.

• William’s English supporters, known as the Whigs, called the transfer of power a “Glorious Revolution”.

• When news of the Revolution reached the colonies, Dominion officials attempted to suppress it.

• Massachusetts, New York, Maryland hosted successful uprisings against the Dominion.

13. Revolution – Colonial & Indian War

• Because of the nine year war, few English troops were sent to the colonies.

• Despite numerical superiority, the English colonist suffered repeated defeats from New France’s royal troops, militia, and Indians.

• After peace with the French and English, the Iroquois still remained at war.

• They eventually became Neutral, but it did not bring universal peace to Iroquoia.

13. Revolution - Pirates

• Enhanced in power and ambition, the British turned against piracy that had been a source British income during weaker times.

• As the British navy began to rule the seas and Spanish trade on the decline, pirates began to attack any ship regardless of country.

• During the war with France, British began to suppress piracy in distance waters.

• The war of the Spanish Succession suspended the suppression of pirates because they needed all available sailors.

• By the 1730’s, the seas belonged to the empires and to respectable merchants.

18. Imperial Wars and Crisis – Balance of Power

• Savvy imperialist recognized that Indians determined the military balance of power in North America.

• Indian’s skill in guerrilla warfare could dominate forest passages.

• Both French and English empires tried to gain Iroquois friendship.

• By mid-eighteenth century, British were growing more numerous and becoming more powerful than the French. The English began to behave arrogantly towards Indian neighbors.

• Indians faced a greater threat of settler invasion from the aggressive English than from the few and more generous French.

18. Imperial Wars and Crisis – The Seven Years War

• The imperial war for North America erupted in 1754.

• British forces ran into many ambushes because they lacked the Indian allies to supply scouts and partisans for forest warefar.

• The embarrassing military setbacks brought to power a new and more competent administration headed by William Pitt.

• For the North America campaign, British employed 45,000 troops against New Frances 6,800 regulars and 2,700 provisionals.

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