Human Factor and Traffic Controls HERO UNIT Training Module.
at crossings without traffic controls
description
Transcript of at crossings without traffic controls
at crossings without traffic controls
Gene Bourquin, Rob Wall, Dona Sauerburger
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
What conditions cause drivers to yield:
vests, flags, and cane, oh my?
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Why driversyield?
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Social theories and empirical research indicate
that dependency cues influence drivers
Harrell (1993)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Drivers yielded more readily to individuals perceived to be dependent: mothers with a carriage, people thought to have a physical disability, or people
who are blind.
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
(Bake & Reitz, 1978)
What driverssee
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Attentional capture: a stimulus that alters
attention away from the prevailing focus…which draw a attention without
that person’s volition.
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
(Hughes, Vachon, & Jones, 2005)
(Mack, Pappas, Silverman, & Gay, 2002)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
What’s in your attention set?
Inattentional Blindness: the phenomenon when items not expected, not of interest, or not meaningful are not perceived by the visual system.
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
(Ramachandran & Rogers-Ramachandran, 2005)
Conditions are likely to be noticed and understood
when attentional capture is high and inattentional
blindness in minimized.
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
What we knew aboutdrivers’ yielding
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
driver yielding for pedestrians approaching crosswalk at a roundabout: no white cane: 52% drivers with white cane: 63% drivers (Geruschat and Hassan, 2005)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
driver yielding for pedestrians standing at roundabout crosswalks with a visible long white cane or dog (Ashmead, Guth, Wall, Long, & Ponchillia, 2005)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Entry lanes (slower): No cane / dog: 20% With cane / dog: 36.4%Exit lanes (faster): No cane / dog: 0% With cane / dog: 9%
(Ashmead, Guth, Wall, Long, & Ponchillia, 2005)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
driver yielding for pedestrians standing at crosswalk with a visible long white cane or dog
(Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
mid-block campus crossing: no cane/dog: 80% trials with cane/dog: 96% trial
(Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Uncontrolled crossing at downtown intersection (stop sign on intersecting street):
no cane/dog: 5% trials with cane/dog: 7% trials
(Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
What we did What we found
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
P
C2
C1
X
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
375 trials
Control yielding rate: 0.41Flag 0.62Vest 0.49Cane 0.87Cane waive 0.89Cane waive vest 0.91
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
The main differences seen in yielding were across the crossing
conditions
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Secondarily, vehicle approach speed most
critically impacted yielding
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
This study, along with previous studies, indicate a general
principle that using a cane will improve safety. A long cane is a well-known symbol that reduces inattention blindness through its
visibility and meaningfulness.
. . . . Influencing Driver Yielding Behavior
Mack, A., Pappas, Z., Silverman, M., & Gay, R. (2002). What we see: Inattention and the capture of attention by meaning. Consciousness and Cognition 11 (2002) 488–506, 2002(11).
Ashmead, D. H., Guth, D., Wall, R. S., Long, R. G., & Ponchillia, P. E. (2005). Street Crossing by Sighted and Blind Pedestrians at a Modern Roundabout. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 131(11), 812-821.
Baker, L. D., & Reitz, H. J. (1978). Altruism toward the blind: effects of sex of helper and dependency of victim. Journal of Social Psychology, 104(1), 19.
Guth, D., Ashmead, D., Long, R., Wall, R., & Ponchillia., P. (2005). Blind and Sighted Pedestrians' Judgments of Gaps in Traffic at Roundabouts. Human Factors, 47(2), 134(118).
Harrell, W. A. (1993). The Impact of Pedestrian Visibility and Assertiveness on Motorist Yielding. [Article]. Journal of Social Psychology, 133(3), 353-360.
Hughes, R. W., Vachon, F., & Jones, D. M. (2005). Auditory Attentional Capture During Serial Recall: Violations at Encoding of an Algorithm-Based Neural Model? Journal of Experimental Psychology / Learning, Memory & Cognition, 31(4), 736-749.
Ramachandran, V. S., & Rogers-Ramachandran, D. (2005). How Blind Are We? Scientific American Mind, 16(2), 96-95.