Astronomy Picture of the Day. Possible First Pic of Extrasolar Planet .
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Transcript of Astronomy Picture of the Day. Possible First Pic of Extrasolar Planet .
Possible First Pic of Extrasolar Planet
http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20080915/sc_space/possiblefirstphotoofplanetaroundsunlikestar
Question
The color of visible light is determined by its ____.
A)brightness B) amplitude C)speed D)wavelength
Question
If the wavelength of light increases, while the speed remains constant, the frequency must ____.
A)increase also B) decrease C)remain unchanged
Question
If the wavelength of light increases, while the speed remains constant, the frequency must ____.
A)increase also B) decrease C)remain unchanged
c = f
Question
The bending of light that occurs when moving between media of different densities is called ___.
A)reflection B) refraction C)diffraction D)distortion
Question
The bending of light that occurs when moving between media of different densities is called ___.
A)reflection B) refraction C)diffraction D)distortion
“The change of direction of light as it passes from one medium to another is associated with a change in velocity and wavelength. The energy of the light is unchanged as it passes from one media to another. When visible light in air enters a medium such as glass, the velocity of light decreases to 75% of its velocity in air and in other materials the decrease can be even more substantial.”
When you bend light, bending angle depends on wavelength, or color.
Refraction of light
(Prism demo)
What does the spectrum of an astronomical object's radiation look like?
Many objects (e.g. stars) have roughly a "Black-body" spectrum:
Brightness
Frequency
also known as the Planck spectrum or Planck curve.
Questions
How is temperature related to the amount of energy radiated?
How is temperature related to the color of the object?
(Blackbody Demo)
"cold" dust
"hot" stars
"cool" star
Sun
frequency increases, wavelength decreases
The wavelength of peak emission tells us the temperature of the object!
Types of Spectra
1. "Continuous" spectrum- a luminous solid or liquid, or a sufficiently dense
gas, emits light of all wavelengths and produces
a continuous spectrum
2. "Emission" spectrum- a low-density, hot gas emits light whose
spectrum consists of a series of bright emission lines that are characteristic of the composition of the gas.
1. "Absorption” Spectrum- a cool, thin gas absorbs certain wavelengths
from a continuous spectrum, leaving dark absorption lines in their place, superimposed on the continuous spectrum.
For a given element, emission and absorption lines occur at the same wavelengths.
Helium discovered in Sun’s spectrum before being found on Earth!
Sodium emission and absorption spectra
The Particle Nature of Light
Light interacts with matter as individual packets of energy, called photons.
cphoton energy is proportional to frequency:
E f (or E 1
example: ultraviolet photons are more harmful than visible photons.
The Nature of Atoms
The Bohr model of the Hydrogen atom:
_
+
proton
electron
"ground state"
_
+
an "excited state"
Text Website Video Clips
When an atom absorbs a photon, it moves to a higher energy state briefly
When it jumps back to lower energy state, it emits photon(s) in a random direction, conserving the total energy of the system!
(video clips)
Other elements
Helium Carbon
neutron proton
Each element has its own allowed energy levels yielding a unique spectral fingerprint.