Astronomy D8
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Transcript of Astronomy D8
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
1/23
Its cold outside, so lets warmIts cold outside, so lets warm--up!!up!!
What is the difference between the
apparentmagnitude and theabsolute magnitude of a star??
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How stars SHINE!!!!!How stars SHINE!!!!!
Please put your warm-up away
and get out your note sheet!
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How starsHow stars FORMFORM
Nebula-
A large cloud in space
containing dust,
hydrogen gas, helium
gas and plasma.
*Stars are formed in
nebulae
The space between
stars is called
interstellar space andit contains mostly gas
and dust. Its density is
extremely low-
approximately 1 atom
per cc.
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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Components of NebulaeComponents of Nebulae The dust in a Nebula is not
like house dust, its made
up of much smallerparticles that typically
includes carbon and
silicate molecules
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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These beautiful regions of nebula, the
formation of gas, dust and other materials
clump together to form larger masses
which attract more matter and eventuallyget big enough to form a star.
Here are some examples
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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This picture wasThis picture was
taken from thetaken from theHubble Telescope,Hubble Telescope,
its called NGCits called NGC--
604 and is located604 and is located
in a neighbor spiralin a neighbor spiral
galaxy of ours, 2.7galaxy of ours, 2.7million light yearsmillion light years
away from us.away from us.
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These are the starThese are the star
forming Pillars offorming Pillars ofCreation spottedCreation spotted
by theHubbleby theHubble
Telescope.Telescope.
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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Many Nebula form from the gravitationalcollapse of gas in the interstellar medium
(ISM).
As the material collapses under its own
weight, stars may form in the center.
Here are some examples
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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This is the RosettaThis is the Rosetta
Nebula in theNebula in the
Monoceros regionMonoceros regionof our galaxyof our galaxy-- thethe
Milky way!Milky way!
It is 5,200 light yearsIt is 5,200 light years
from Earth.from Earth.
It is roughly 130 ly inIt is roughly 130 ly in
diameter.diameter.
Its mass = 10,000Its mass = 10,000solar masses!solar masses!
Wow!Wow!
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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This is the FlameThis is the Flame
Nebula located inNebula located in
the constellation ofthe constellation ofOrion.Orion.
The heart of theThe heart of the
nebula is usuallynebula is usually
hidden by the dusthidden by the dustbut this image wasbut this image was
taken in IR light andtaken in IR light and
its beauty wasits beauty was
exposed!exposed!
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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Some nebula are the result of supernovaexplosions (the death of short lived
massive stars.)
Example
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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This is theCrab Nebula in theConstellation of Taurus. ThisThis is theCrab Nebula in theConstellation of Taurus. This
Nebula is actually visible with the naked eye on a clear night.Nebula is actually visible with the naked eye on a clear night.
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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Some Nebula are called Dark Nebula
and seem to be the creepers of the bunch
(if you ask me), they tend to look a little
more scary.
Such as..
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This is a dark nebula called HorseHeadThis is a dark nebula called HorseHead
Its so dense that it obscures light from behind it.Its so dense that it obscures light from behind it.
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And our last beauty for the day: Planetary Nebula- These are the gaseous
shells that are ejected as giant stars
transform into white dwarfs.
Example
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This is called the Helix Nebula (Planetary Nebula)
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This is the Eskimo Nebula (planetary Nebula)
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Cat EyeCat Eye
NebulaNebula
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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The Life of a StarThe Life of a Star
1. Protostar- born in a
nebula, gases come
together and begin
nuclear fusion.2. Star- the phase where
the star burns fuel. The
more massive the star,
the shorter its lifespan!
3. Red giant/supergiant-
when stars run out of
fuel, the outside
expands and the insidecontracts.
4. White Dwarf-One
possible outcome. The
remainder of a star,
after the outer layerexpands away.
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5. Super Nova- If a star
doesnt become a white
dwarf, it will supernova
(aka- explode!)6. Neutron Star- Whats
left after a supernova
(suuuuper dense core)
7. Black Hole- The most
massive pre-supernova
stars may become
black holes after theysupernova. The density
reaches extreme highs
and pulls everything
inward to the point
where light cannoteven escape!
The Life of a StarThe Life of a Star
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How do stars produce light??How do stars produce light??
Stars emit TONS of energy!!
We can see some of it in the form of visiblelight.
When the temperature of a protostar (star
beginning to form) gets hot enough NuclearFUSIONoccurs.
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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How do stars produce light??How do stars produce light??
Stars produce light by Nuclear FUSION.
This is when two atomic nuclei combine to
form a larger nucleus with a higher mass.
(ex: hydrogen becomes helium)
These guys can explain it better than me
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8/9/2019 Astronomy D8
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What about Nuclear Fusion as anWhat about Nuclear Fusion as an
alternative source of power?alternative source of power?
Lets see what these guys have to say
about it