Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not...
-
Upload
blake-lucas -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not...
![Page 1: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Astronomy
Chapter 1: Earth in Space
![Page 2: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Astronomy
Study of moon, stars, and objects in spaceNot “astrology”
![Page 3: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Big Bang Theory
the universe was created between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago
explosion that hurled matter and in all directions.
1927, Georges Lemaître and Edwin Hubble
1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
![Page 4: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Movements of the Earth
Rotation is equal to 24 hours Axis – imaginary line that passes
through the earth’s center. Points to the North Star.
Rotation – Earth’s spinning on its axis in an eastward direction.
creates day and night
![Page 5: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Movements of Earth
![Page 6: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. Revolution
Movement of Earth around the sun.Creates a year of time.Ellipse – shape of the orbit The earth is not
always the same distance from the sun.
![Page 7: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What causes the seasons?
The tilt of the Earth, not the rotation around the sun.Axis is tilted 23.5 degrees
![Page 8: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Summer Solstice
June 21 or 22Longest day length in Northern HemisphereShortest day length in Southern Hemisphere.
![Page 11: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fall Equinox
September 22 or 23Equal hours of day and nightSuns rays directly at the equator
![Page 12: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Winter Solstice
December 21 or 22Northern Hemesphere – shortest day light hoursSouthern Hemesphere – longest day length
![Page 13: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Spring Equinox (Vernal)
March 21 or 22Equal day and night hours
![Page 14: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Section 2: Phases, Eclipses, Tides
Earth – Moon System Average Earth- Moon distance =
240,000 miles Average distance of sun-Earth =
93,000,000 miles Earth’s Diameter = 8,000 miles Moon’s Diameter = 2,000 miles
Earth is 4x the size of the moon
![Page 15: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
If 1” = 2,000 miles
Earth will be 10 feet away from the moonEarth-Moon system will be ¾ mile away from the sun.
![Page 16: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Physical Properties of Moon
Weak gravityNo atmosphereHighlands – light areas, light rockMaria – dark patches, smooth, dark lavaCraters – 4 billion years old
![Page 17: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Giant Impact Hypothesis
Mars sized body hit the Earth about 4 billion years agoFragments from the collision joined to form the moonSurface covered by hot molten rock
![Page 18: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Movements of the moon
Moon rise and sets 50 minutes later each nightRotation: 27.3 daysRevolution around the Earth – 27.3 daysRotation on Earth’s
![Page 19: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Phases of the moon – Caused by the position of the Earth, moon, and sun
Animation of phases
![Page 20: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2 Main phases of the moon
Waning – Moon getting smaller, less lit up
Waxing – Moon appears to get larger, more lit up
![Page 21: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Eclipses:
Solar Eclipse: When moon’s shadow hits Earth
Umbra: total
Penumbra - partial
![Page 22: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lunar Eclipse:
Earth’s shadow hits the moon
![Page 23: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tides:
Occur due to differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of Earth.
![Page 24: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Spring Tide
Takes place during new or full moon – Gravity of sun/moon pull in the dame directionCauses a greater difference between High and Low tide
![Page 25: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Neap Tide
Least difference between High and Low tide
![Page 27: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Intertidal Zone
Under water at high tide and dry during low tide.
![Page 28: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Rockets and Satellites
Artificial Satellites: any artificial object that orbits around the Earth: Comminications,
navigation, collecting weather information, data, research, relay TV signals.
![Page 29: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Satellite : ex. Space Stations
1973 – skylab1986 – MirToday – international space station
![Page 30: Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space Astronomy Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0081a28abf838cc66a4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Space Shuttles
1970’sreusable