Asthma in Washington, DC Adults
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Transcript of Asthma in Washington, DC Adults
8/6/2019 Asthma in Washington, DC Adults
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District of Columbia ASTHMA IN OLDER ADULTSDATA FACT SHEET
Asthma is a chronic health condition that causes inflammation and swell-
ing of the airways. Characteristic symptoms of asthma include: wheezing,
coughing, difficulty breathing, and tightening of the chest. Asthma contin-
ues to be a public health concern in older adults.
Some triggers of asthma symptoms are: pollen, dust, mold, cold air, viral
infections, chemicals in the air, and cigarette smoke (including secondhand
smoke). Asthma can be a life threatening illness, and so far there is no cure.
Appropriate self care and medical treatment, including proper use of
medications and environmental changes, can eliminate most of the activity
limitations, asthma episodes or flare-ups, and urgent care costs associated
with asthma.
ASTHMA PREVALENCEData on the proportion of older adults in the District of Columbia who
have asthma at a specific point in time (prevalence) was calculated using
data from a standardized questionnaire - the Behavioral Risk Factor
Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Asthma prevalence was grouped into
lifetime and current asthma. Lifetime asthma estimates the proportion of
the population who answered “yes” to the question, “Has a doctor ever
told you that you have asthma?” Current asthma is estimated as the proportion of the population who an-
swered “yes” to the question, “Do you still have asthma?”
Figure 1: Asthma prevalence among older adults(55+ yrs) in the District of Columbia, 2005-2007
Government of theDistrict of ColumbiaAdrian M. Fenty, Mayor
87 8
1212 12
0
5
10
15
20
2005 2006 2007
P e r c e n t ( %
)
Lifetime
Current
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surv eillance System (BRFSS)
Lifetime Asthma: In 2007, about 12% of District
residents 55 years or older had lifetime asthma. The
rate of older adults who have lifetime asthma hasremained the same from 2005 to 2007 (Figure 1).
Current Asthma: In 2007, about 8% of District
residents over the age of 54 years currently had
asthma. The prevalence rate of asthma among older
adults who report having asthma currently has not
changed from 2005 to 2007 (Figure 1).
Figure 2: Asthma prevalence among older adults(55+ yrs) by gender in the District of Columbia, 2007
5
10
88
15
12
0
5
10
15
20
Male Female Total
P e r c e n t ( %
)
Lifetime
Current
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)
Lifetime Asthma: More District women over
the age of 54 (15%) were reported to have lifetime
asthma than men (8%) in 2007 (Figure 2).Current Asthma: Twice as many District
women over the age of 54 (10 %) were reported as
currently having asthma than men (5%) in 2007
(Figure 2).
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Figure 3: Asthma prevalenceamong older adults (55+ yrs) by age-group
in the District of Columbia, 2007
8
9
65
13 13
109
0
5
10
15
20
55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
P e r c
e n t ( %
)
Lifetime
Current
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Sys tem(BRFSS)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DATA FACT SHEET 2009 ASTHMA IN OLDER ADULTS PAGE 2
Lifetime Asthma: In 2007, District residents 55 to
74 years old had the highest lifetime asthma preva-
lence rate among the District’s older adult population
(Figure. 3).
Current Asthma:
In 2007, among the District’solder adult population, residents 65 to 74 years old
had the highest current asthma prevalence rate (9%)
followed by residents 55 to 64 years old (8%)
(Figure 3).
Figure 4: Asthma prevalenceamong older adults (55+ yrs) by race/ethnicity
in the District of Columbia, 2007
7
8
4
7
1312
6
12
0
5
10
15
20
White Black Hispanic Total
P e r c e n t ( %
)
Lifetime
Current
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
Lifetime Asthma: In 2007, about 13% of non-
Hispanic white, 12% of non-Hispanic black, and 6% of
Hispanic older adults had asthma in their lifetime. The
lifetime asthma prevalence for non-Hispanic black and
white District older adults is double the lifetime
asthma as compared to those in the Hispanic popula-
tion (Figure 4).
Current Asthma: In 2007, about 8% of non-
Hispanic black, 7% of non-Hispanic white and 4% of
Hispanic older adults experienced current asthma.
About twice as many non-Hispanic black and white
older adults had current asthma as compared to the
Hispanic population (Figure 4).
Figure 5: Asthma prevalenceamong older adults (55+ yrs) by Ward
in the District of Columbia, 2007
10
12
9
22
9
57
10
78 8
1212
8
13
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Ward
P e r c e n t ( %
)
Lifetime
Current
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surv eillance System (BRFSS)
Lifetime Asthma: In 2007, older adults living in
Ward 8 (22%) had the highest lifetime asthma preva-
lence rate followed by Ward 4 (16%). Ward 2 (8%) hadthe lowest lifetime asthma prevalence rate (Figure 5).
Current Asthma: In 2007, older adults living in
Ward 8 (12%) had the highest current asthma preva-
lence rate, followed by Ward 4 (10%) and Ward 1(9%).
Older adults in Ward 2 (5%) had the lowest lifetime
asthma prevalence rate (Figure 5).
Asthma Emergency Department VisitsEmergency department (ED) information below
includes visits among older adults over the age of 54
years with diagnoses of asthma. The ED data pre-
sented below includes only District residents that
visited hospital emergency departments in the District.
Figure 6: Asthma ED visit rateamong older adults (55+ yrs)
in the District of Columbia, 2005- 2007
161147
125
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2005 2006 2007
R a t e ( p e r 1 0 , 0
0 0 )
Source: IMPACT DC
*Rates were age- adjusted using the US 2000 Census population
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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DATA FACT SHEET 2009 ASTHMA IN OLDER ADULTS PAGE 3
In 2007, the ED visit rate for older adults (55 +
years) living in the District was about 161 per 10,000
people (Figure 6).
The asthma ED visit rate for older adults (55 +
years) in the District increased by about twenty-nine
(29%) from 2005 (125 per 10,000 people) to 2007 (161
per 10,000 people) (Figure 6).
Figure 7: Asthma ED visit rateamong older adults (55+ yrs) by gender
in the District of Columbia, 2007
161
116
193
0
50
100
150
200
250
Female Male Total
R
a t e (
p e r 1 0 , 0
0 0 )
Source: IMPACT DC
*Rates were age-adjusted using the US 2000 Census population
In the District, women (193 per 10,000 people)
over the age of 54 years had approximately a 66%
higher ED visit rate than their male counterparts (116
per 10,000 people) (Figure 7).
Figure 8: Asthma ED visit rateamong older adults (55+ yrs) by age-group
in the District of Columbia, 2007
225
133
106
81
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
R a t e
( p e r 1 0 , 0
0 0 )
Source: IMPACT DC
*Rates were age-adjusted using the US 2000 Census population
In 2007, the 55 to 64 year old population had the
highest (225 per 10,000 people) ED visit rate among the
entire older adult (55+ years) District population
(Figure 8). The ED visit rate decreased with increasing
age-group.
Figure 9: Asthma ED visit rate among older adults(55+ yrs) by zip code (with Ward boundaries overlaid
in the District of Columbia, 2007
4
3 1 5
2 76
In 2007, the ED visit rate for asthma among the
District’s older adult population was highest at theintersection of Wards 1, 2, 5, and 6 (Figure 9).
The second highest asthma ED visit rates was
seen in parts of Wards 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (Figure 9).
Asthma HospitalizationData are reported by local acute care hospitals in the
District including one veterans hospital, but excluding
all military hospital facilities. Hospital discharge data
represent the number of inpatient hospitalizations, not
the number of individuals hospitalized. A person can
be hospitalized multiple times for the same condition.The information below represents hospitalizations for
a diagnosis of asthma of older adults over the age of 54
years residing in the District.
Figu atere 10: Asthma hospitalization ramong older adults (55+ yrs)
in the District of Columbia, 2002-2006
3431
32
38
33
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
R a t e
( p e r 1 0 , 0
0 0 )
Source: District of Columbia Hospital Association (DCHA)
*Rates wer e age-adjusted using the US 2000 Census population
8
Emercency Department Visit Rate(per 1 0 , 0 0 0 ) No Data10 -7575- 140140 - 205205 - 270270 - 335
WW
ata
errd
boB
diou
en
sdaries
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Figure 13: Asthma hospitalization rate among olderadults (55+ yrs) by zip code (with Ward boundaries
overlaid) in the District of Columbia, 2002-2006
In 2006, the inpatient asthma hospitalization rate
due to asthma among adults over the age of 54 years
was 34 per 10,000 people (Figure 10).
The asthma hospitalization rate increased by 3%
from 2002 (33 per 10,000 people) to 2006 (34 per 10,000
people) among District older adults (55+ years)
(Figure 10).
Figure 11: Asthma hospitalization rateamong older adults (55+ yrs) by gender and race
in the District of Columbia, 2006
25
40
7
42
34
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Male Female White Black Total
R a t e ( p e r 1 0 , 0
0 0 )
Source: District of Columbia Hospital Association (DCHA)
*Rates wer e age-adjusted using the US 2000 Census population
In the years 2002 to 2006, the asthma hospitaliza-
tion rate among the District’s older adult population
(55+ years) was highest at the intersection of Wards 1,
2, 5 and 6 (Figure 13).
The second highest asthma hospitalization rate
among older adults was in parts of Ward 8 (Figure 13).In 2006, the asthma hospitalization rate for
District women (40 per 10,000 people) over the age of
54 was about 60% higher than the hospitalization rate
for men (25 per 10,000 people) (Figure 11). The findings above confirm that in the District of
Columbia asthma affects about one in twelve older
adults. Non-Hispanic blacks experience current
asthma prevalence at rates 12.5% and 50% higher than
their non-Hispanic white and Hispanic older adult
peers. Older adult women visit local EDs for treatment
of asthma almost 40% more often than older men, and
likewise about 38% more hospitalizations occur amongolder women than older men. Equally significant is
the approximately 40% higher proportion of older
adults between the ages of 55 and 64 who receive
treatment at local EDs and hospitals as compared to
persons in older age-groups.
In 2006, the asthma hospitalization rate for non-
Hispanic black older adults (55+ years) was about 6
times higher (42 per 10,000 people) than hospitaliza-
tion among non-Hispanic white older adults (7 per
10,000 people) (Figure 11).
Figure 12: Asthma hospitalization rateamong older adults (55+ yrs) by age-group
in the District of Columbia, 2006
21
32
3636
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
R a t e ( p e r 1 0 , 0
0 0 )
Source: District of Columbia Hospital Association (DCHA)
*Rates wer e age-adjusted using the US 2000 Census population
In 2006, the asthma hospitalization rate among older
adults was the highest for the 55 to 64 and 65 to 74 year
old age-groups (36 per 10,000 people) population. The
hospitalization rate decreased with increasing age
(Figure 12).
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DATA FACT SHEET 2009 ASTHMA IN OLDER ADULTS PAGE 4
8
35
2
4
76
1
Hospitalization ate(per10,000)No Data30- 100100 - 170170 - 240240 - 310310 - 380
WaterbodiesWardBoundaries
EW
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:
DC Control Asthma Now (DC CAN)Community Health Administration, District of Columbia Depart-ment of Health, 825 North Capitol Street, NE, Third FloorWashington, DC 20002202-442-5925
We gratefully acknowledge the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Air Pollution,and Respiratory Health Branch for their continued support andfunding to the District of Columbia Department of Health AsthmaProgram. This publication was supported by CooperativeAgreement Number U59EH32408-05 from the Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC). Its contents are solely theresponsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent theofficial views of the CDC.