A*STAR Research April 2010-September 2010
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Transcript of A*STAR Research April 2010-September 2010
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GBHH JCKHKAS . WCAIEHCIA
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GBHH JCKHKAS . WCAIEHCIA
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ABIB]CGW . MCWBEWB
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Abib}cgw
Gkhc}cw zbwbezg` }eobw ar}w
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eim rhgbzw ci }`b hezab ci}bw}cib) C} `ew gkf|hbp abib}cg eim bi~c&
zkifbi}eh gerwbw eim cw }`kra`} }k jb zbhe}bm }k }`b k}`bz feci
gerwb kn cinheffe}kzs jkqbh mcwbewb Gzk`iw mcwbewb)
Nbq abibw gkinbzzcia wrwgb|}cjchc}s }k rhgbze}c~b gkhc}cw `e~b
jbbi cmbi}cncbm? |ez}hs jbgerwb zbwbezg`bzw `em gkiwcmbzbm }`b
gkimc}cki }k `e~b zbhe}c~bhs hkq `bzc}ejchc}s) Fezo Wbcbhw}em
nkzfbzhs nzkf }`b Abikfb Ciw}c}r}b kn Wciae|kzb E$W]EZ
eim gk&qkzobzw `e~b ikq cmbi}cncbm wb~bzeh |zb~ckrwhs rioikqi
rhgbze}c~b wrwgb|}cjchc}s abibw eim mbwgzcjbm }`bcz zbhe}ckiw`c| }k
Gzk`iw mcwbewb5)
]`b zbwbezg`bzw |bznkzfbm }qk wb|eze}b abikfb&qcmb ewwkgce&}cki w}rmcbw eim gkfjcibm }`b me}e qc}` }`kwb nzkf e |zb~ckrwhs
|rjhcw`bm w}rms }k gkf|ezb }`b abikfbw kn :>37 rhgbze}c~b
gkhc}cw |e}cbi}w qc}` }`kwb kn >135 `beh}`s gki}zkhw) ]`bs ehwk
}bw}bm :
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Abib}cgw
Zb~behcia `cmmbi ~rhibzejchc}cbw
Oeqeweoc mcwbewb (OM# cw }`b fkw} gkffki gerwb kn bez} mcwbewb
efkia g`chmzbi ci }`b mb~bhk|bm qkzhm eim `ew }`b |k}bi}ceh }k
cinhcg} wb~bzb gkzkiezs mefeab cn ik} }zbe}bm |zkf|}hs) @kqb~bz
zbfezoejhs hc}}hb cw oikqi ejkr} }`b |e}`khkas kn }`cw cinhef&
fe}kzs mcwkzmbz eim eh}`kra` }`bzb cw w}zkia b~cmbigb nkz e
`bzbmc}ezs gkf|kibi} zbwbezg` wraabw}w }`e} OM ezcwbw nzkf }`b
ci}bz|hes kn jk}` abib}cg eim bi~czkifbi}eh neg}kzw)
Ehh }`b b|cmbfckhkas |kci}w }k ei cinbg}ckrw eabi} wesw
Fez}ci @cjjbzm kn }`b E$W]EZ Abikfb Ciw}c}r}b kn Wciae|kzb)
]`bzbw |zkjejhs e jeg}bzcrf kz ~czrw cic}ce}cia }`b mcwbewb jr}
qb `e~b ik} gkiwcw}bi}hs nkrim e w|bgcncg kib kn }`bwb ci b~bzs
gewb) @cjjbzm `ew jbbi w}rmscia OM nkz k~bz e mbgemb jr}qc}`kr} e ghbez gerwe}c~b eabi} `b eim `cw gkhhbearbw `e~b jbbi
nkzgbm }k w|bgrhe}b ejkr} }`b |e}`khkas kn OM)
Nkz}rie}bhs ei kiakcia gkhhejkze}cki jb}qbbi @cjjbzmw azkr|
eim fbfjbzw kn }`b Ci}bzie}ckieh Oeqeweoc Mcwbewb Abib}cgw
Gkiwkz}crf `ew ikq eg`cb~bm cf|kz}ei} |zkazbww ki }`cw nzki}5)
]`bs rwbm e frh}c&|zkiabm e||zkeg` }k tkkf ci ki abibw kn
ci}bzbw} qkzocia qc}` OM |e}cbi}w eim gki}zkhw nzkf nkrz mcn&
nbzbi} gkri}zcbw ci ei bnnkz} }k cmbi}cns wfehh abikfcg wburbigb
~ezce}ckiw wciahb&irghbk}cmb |khsfkz|`cwfw (WI\w# }`e} fca`}
jb ewwkgce}bm qc}` wrwgb|}cjchc}s }k OM)
Jb}qbbi }`bwb }qk me}ewb}w }`bs g`ezeg}bzctbm =< WI\w qc}`
e |k}bi}cehhs wcaicncgei} hcio }k }`b mcwbewb eim wrjwburbi}hs
cmbi}cncbm bca`} abibw gki}ecicia wburbigb ~ezce}ckiw }`e}
fes zb|zbwbi} fbeicianrh zcwo neg}kzw) ]`bwb cic}ceh ncimciaw
gki}ecibm wkfb |zkfcwcia hbemw wrg` ew }`b abib bigkmcia
E]&jcimcia }zeiwgzc|}cki neg}kz 5 (TN@P7#) TN@P7 `ew wcigb
jbbi cmbi}cncbm ci }qk zbgbi} |rjhcge}ckiw ew cinhrbigcia `bez}
mcwbewb wesw @cjjbzm eim }`cw fes w`kq rw `kq OM gei hbem
}k bez} ci~kh~bfbi})
]k bw}ejhcw` emmc}ckieh jckhkacgeh gki}bp} nkz }`bcz me}e }`b
zbwbezg`bzw nrz}`bz eiehstbm }`bcz zbwrh}w qc}` wkn}qezb }`e} gkfjw
}`zkra` |rjhcw`bm me}e }k ahbei cinkzfe}cki ejkr} nrig}ckieh zbhe&
}ckiw`c|w jb}qbbi abibw) ]`cw biejhbm }`bf }k nc} wb~bzeh kn }`bczabibw ci}k e hezabz ib}qkzo kn ci}bzeg}cia neg}kzw zb~behcia e irfjbz
kn |k}bi}ceh fbg`eicwfw js q`cg` ei cinbg}ckrw eabi} gkrhm }zcaabz
}`b ge}ew}zk|`cg cinheffe}kzs zbw|kiwb kjwbz~bm ci OM |e}cbi}w)
@e~cia cmbi}cncbm e irfjbz kn |zkfcwcia w}ez}cia |kci}w
@cjjbzm eim `cw gk&qkzobzw ikq ci}bim }k mca mbb|bz }k ab} e}
}`b zkk}w kn OM) Qb ezb ikq hkkocia nkz e fkzb mb}echbm rimbz&
w}eimcia kn }`b `kw} zbw|kiwb |e}`qesw ci~kh~bm b wesw eim qb
ezb ehwk ncibhs fe||cia }`b abibw qb cmbi}cncbm }k }zs }k ncim }`b
w|bgcncg abib}cg ~ezce}ckiw }`e} ezb gerwcia }`b mcwbewb)
5) Jrzaibz M) b} eh) E abikfb&qcmb ewwkgce}cki w}rms cmbi}ccbw
ik~bh eim rig}ckiehhs zbhe}bm wrwgb|}cjchc}s hkgc kz Oeqeweoc
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Mbhb}cki zb~behw ibrzki hkww
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mc}cki g`ezeg}bzctbm js }zbfkz eim zcacmc}s q`cg` zbwrh} nzkf }`b
mbe}` kn mk|efcib&|zkmrgcia ibrzkiw ci }`b fcmjzeci)
]`b mcwbewb cw ewwkgce}bm qc}` fr}e}ckiw ci e} hbew} nc~b mcnnbzbi}
abibw cighrmcia wb~bzeh ci mcnnbzbi} zbackiw kn }`b abib bigkmcia
ei bitsfb gehhbm Hbrgcib&zcg` zb|be} ociewb : (HZZO:#) Wkfb
fr}e}ckiw kn }`cw |zk}bci jhkgo c}w eg}c~c}s q`chb k}`bzw bi`eigb c}
eim ibrzkwgcbi}cw}w gkiwcmbz c} ew e few}bz zbarhe}kz }`e} cw gzc}cgeh
nkz \M mb~bhk|fbi}) @kqb~bz HZZO:w jckhkacgeh nrig}ckiw
}`kra`} }k jb feisezb hezabhs rioikqi)
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HZZO: abib) ]`bs rwbm e fb}`km gehhbm ZIE ci`cjc}cki }k
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e w`kz}bibm ~bzwcki kn }`b |zk}bci hegocia e zbacki gehhbm }`b
QM=< mkfeci) ]`bwb bfjzskw mb~bhk|bm ikzfehhs jr} }`bzb
qew cigzbewbm mbe}` kn mk|efcibzacg gbhhw (wbb cfeab# eim wkfb
kn }`b jzeciw ibrzeh |e}`qesw qbzb mcwkzaeictbm) Ew e zbwrh} }`b
hez~eb qbzb riejhb }k wqcf |zk|bzhs)
Hcr eim `cw gk&qkzobzw ehwk nkrim }`e} }`bwb mbnbg}w gkrhm jb
|ez}cehhs zbwgrbm js cidbg}ckiw kn ikzfeh tbjzencw` eim `rfei
HZZO: eim js fr}ei} nkzfw kn tbjzencw` HZZO: gki}ecicia
}`b QM=< mkfeci) ]`b wqcffcia mbnbg}w jr} ik} gbhh mbe}`
qbzb ehwk zbwgrbm js H&Mk|e }`b mk|efcib |zbgrzwkz gkffkihs
rwbm }k }zbe} \M |e}cbi}w)
Js w`kqcia }`e} mbhb}cki kn }`b QM=< mkfeci nzkf tbjzencw`
HZZO: cw wrnncgcbi} }k |zkmrgb ibrzkmbabibze}cki eim wsf|}kfw
}`e} ezb ~bzs wcfchez }k \M ci `rfeiw }`b }befw zbwrh}w |zk~cmb
nzbw` ciwca`}w ci}k HZZO: nrig}cki) Ik} kihs mk }`b zbwrh}w
rimbzhcib }`b rwbnrhibww kn }`b tbjzencw` ew ei eicfeh fkmbh kn
`rfei \M }`bs ehwk cimcge}b }`e} }`bwb ncw` gkrhm jb rwbm }kwgzbbi ibq mzraw mb~bhk|bm }k }zbe} \M eggkzmcia }k }`b }bef)
C} cw `ezm }k }bhh `kq }`b QM=< mbhb}cki hbemw }k \ezociwkiw&
hcob mbabibze}cki eim wsf|}kfw wesw Hcr jr} qb ezb ikq
abibze}cia w}ejhb fr}ei} tbjzencw` hcibw }k emmzbww }`cw cwwrb) ]`b
QM=< mkfeci cw ci~kh~bm ci |zk}bci|zk}bci ci}bzeg}ckiw wk qb
w|bgrhe}b }`e} mbhb}cia c} gkrhm ci}bzzr|} }`b ci}bzeg}cki jb}qbbi
HZZO: eim c}w wrjw}ze}b |zk}bciw)
5) W`bia M) b} eh) Mbhb}cki k }`b QM=< Mkfeci k HZZO:
ci tbjzecw` gerwbw \ezociwkicwf&hcob hkww k ibrzkiw eim
hkgkfk}c~b mbbg}) \HkW Abib}cgw> b5
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Abikfcgw
Zb~behcia e zbarhe}kzs mc~cmb
Abib zbarhe}cki ci fcgb eim `rfeiw `ew mc~bzabm wrjw}ei}cehhs
mrzcia }`b 12 fchhcki sbezw wcigb }`bs w`ezbm e gkffki eigbw}kz
eggkzmcia }k e zbgbi} w}rms js Archherfb Jkrzurb eim gk&qkzobzw
e} }`b E$W]EZ Abikfb Ciw}c}r}b kn Wciae|kzb5) ]`bcz ncimciaw
wraabw} }`e} fkzb gezbnrh zbwbezg` cw ibbmbm ci}k wrg` mcnnbzbigbw
jb}qbbi }`b }qk w|bgcbw |ez}cgrhezhs ew fcgb ezb rwbm ew e |zcfezs
fkmbh nkz `rfeiw ci fbmcgeh zbwbezg`)
Ci e mczbg} gkf|ezcwki kn }`b fkrwb eim `rfei abikfbw }`b
zbwbezg`bzw nkrim }`e} }qk obs |zk}bciw }`e} zbarhe}b }`b eg}c~c}s
kn abibw ci bfjzskicg w}bf gbhhw jcim kihs e} ejkr} 2" kn }`b
wefb wc}bw) ]`cw cf|hcbw }`e} }`b abibw }`e} ezb wqc}g`bm knn eim
ki eim }`b }cfcia kn }`b wqc}g`cia ezb hcobhs }k jb mcnnbzbi}jb}qbbi fcgb eim `rfeiw) R| }k :2" kn }`b jcimcia wc}bw ezb
nkrim ci zb|be} wburbigbw nzburbi}hs zbnbzzbm }k ew drio MIE
fbeicia }`e} fkzb kn }`b abikfb |hesw e zkhb ci abib zbarhe}cki
}`ei |zb~ckrwhs }`kra`})
Jkrzurb eim `cw gk&qkzobzw rwbm e }bg`ikhkas gehhbm G`C\&
Wbu ci q`cg` w|bgcncg MIE&jcimcia |zk}bciw ezb ncpbm ci |hegb
ki }`b abikfb q`cg` cw }`bi g`k||bm ci}k wfehh wbafbi}w)
\cbgbw hciobm }k }`bwb |zk}bciw ezb }`bi zb}zcb~bm js fbeiw kn
jcimcia }k ei ei}cjkms eim }`b MIE }k q`cg` }`bs ezb hciobm cw
wburbigbm eim cmbi}cncbm)
]`b zbwbezg`bzw nkgrwbm ki }`zbb zbarhe}kzs |zk}bciw}`b
}zeiwgzc|}cki neg}kzw Kg}= eim Ieika }`e} |hes e wcaicncgei}
zkhb ci |zb~bi}cia bfjzskicg w}bf gbhhw nzkf w|bgcehctcia eim
G}gn q`cg` cw }`kra`} }k |zbghrmb ci}bzeg}ckiw jb}qbbi abib
bi`eigbzw eim |zkfk}bzw)
]`bs nkrim }`e} q`chb nbq jcimcia wc}bw nkz Kg}= eim Ieika
qbzb gkiwbz~bm jb}qbbi }`b }qk w|bgcbw r| }k `ehn }`b jcimcia
wc}bw nkz G}gn qbzb }`b wefb) Ci }`b gewb kn Kg}= }`b zbwbezg`bzw
mbfkiw}ze}bm }`e} }`b hkge}ckiw kn }`b jcimcia wc}bw gkzzbhe}bm
qc}` zbarhe}cki kn }`b eg}c~c}s kn ibezjs abibw)
B~bi }`kra` }`b bhbfbi}w kn gki}zkhhcia |e}`qesw ezb }`b
wefb Jkrzurb wesw }`b mb}echw kn zbarhe}cki ezb mcnnbzbi}) Ew e
wrjw}ei}ceh efkri} kn fbmcgeh zbwbezg` cw rimbz}eobi rwcia }`bfkrwb ew fkmbh kzaeicwf cinkzfe}cki ew }k `kq }`bcz abibw ezb
zbarhe}bm cw kn gzc}cgeh cf|kz}eigb)
Wrg` mcnnbzbigbw jb}qbbi abikfbw `kqb~bz ezb ik} hcfc}bm }k
w|bgcbw) B~bi jb}qbbi }`b abikfbw kn cimc~cmreh `rfeiw }`bzb
ezb e hk} kn burc~ehbi} mcnnbzbigbweim qb ezb w}rmscia }`cw ikq
bp|heciw Jkrzurb) ]`bwb zbarhe}kzs mcnnbzbigbw fes |zk~cmb
eiwqbzw }k urbw}ckiw wrg` ew q`s gbz}eci |bk|hb ezb wrwgb|}cjhb
}k e mcwbewb kz ezb zbw|kiwc~b }k e |ez}cgrhez }zbe}fbi})
5) Oriwezwk A) G`ce I)&S) Dbseoeic D) @qeia G) Hr P) G`ei S)&W)
Ia @)&@) . Jkrzurb A) ]zeiw|kwejhb bhbfbi}w e~b zbqczbm }`b
gkzb zbarhe}kzs ib}qkzo k rfei bfjzskicg w}bf gbhhw) Ie}rzb
Abib}cgw=: >75>7= (:
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B~khr}ckiezs abib}cgw
Obb|cia geigbz e} jes
Kib kn }`b jbw} oikqi gbhhrhez }rfkz wr||zbwwcki wsw}bfw
b~kh~bm fkzb }`ei e jchhcki sbezw eak nez bezhcbz }`ei |zb~ckrwhs
}`kra`} zbwbezg` zbwrh}w nzkf E$W]EZw |27 Hejkze}kzs eim
Jckcinkzfe}cgw Ciw}c}r}b wraabw}) E }bef hbm js Wcz Me~cm Heib
`ew nkrim }`b|27 abib eim c}w zbarhe}kz Fmf: }k jb |zbwbi} ci
|hegktkeiw }`b wcf|hbw} oikqi nzbb&hc~cia frh}cgbhhrhez ci~bz}b&
jze}b eicfeh5) ]`b qkzo ik} kihs |zk~cmbw azbe}bz rimbzw}eimcia
kn }`b `cw}kzs kn ei cf|kz}ei} `ca`hs gkiwbz~bm abib}cg |e}`qes
jr} ehwk k|biw r| e rwbnrh wsw}bf nkz bpefcie}cki eim bp|bzcfbi&
}e}cki ci }`b hejkze}kzs)
]`b |27 |zk}bci |hesw e |c~k}eh ei}cgeigbz zkhb ci gbhhw) C} gei
w}ejchctb mefeabm MIE js eg}c~e}cia zb|ecz |zk}bciw eim zbarhe}&cia }`b gbhh gsghb }k ehhkq }`bwb |zk}bciw }cfb }k qkzo) Ri}ch ei
bfbzabigs |27 cw ob|} e} hkq hb~bhw js Fmf: q`cg` jcimw }k
|27 }k |zb~bi} c} nzkf eg}cia eim }`bi cic}ce}bw c}w mbazeme}cki)
Ehh ~bz}bjze}b eicfehw wburbigbm }k me}b `e~b |27 eim Fmf:
abibw jr} }qk ci~bz}bjze}bw rwbm ew abib}cg fkmbh kzaeicwfw
}`b nzrc} nhs Mzkwk|`che fbheikaew}bzeim }`b ibfe}kmb qkzf
Gebikz`ejmc}cw bhbaeiw`e~b kihs }`b|27 abib)
Heib eim `cw gk&qkzobzw wbezg`bm }`b zbgbi}hs wburbigbm
abikfb kn }`b kihs oikqi w|bgcbw kn |hegktkei: ]zcg`k|hep
em`ebzbiw (wbb cfeab# nkz abibw wcfchez }k `rfei Fmf: eim
|27) ]`bs rwbm JHEW] wkn}qezb }`e} mb}bg}w zbackiw kn wcfchezc}s
jb}qbbi }`b wburbigbw ci abikfbw)
Ci }`b |hegktkei abikfb }`bs nkrim fe}g`cia abibw gezzscia
cmbi}cgeh efcik egcmw ci fkzb }`ei :
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Mb~bhk|fbi}
Ab}}cia qc}` }`b |zkazef
Zbwbezg`bzw ci Wciae|kzb `e~b mb}bzfcibm |e}}bziw kn abib
bp|zbwwcki ci wciahb gbhhw wrzacgehhs cwkhe}bm nzkf ~bzs bezhs fkrwb
bfjzskw }k rimbzw}eim `kq mcnnbzbi} gbhh }s|bw ezcwb jbnkzb }`b
cf|hei}e}cki kn }`b bfjzsk ci}k }`b fk}`bzw r}bzrw5)
Wkki en}bz nbz}chcte}cki e wbzcbw kn ghbe~eabw hbemw }k }`b nkzfe&
}cki kn e gbhh jrimhb gehhbm }`b fkzrhe q`cg` he}bz mb~bhk|w ci}k
}`b jhew}kgsw} gki}ecicia e ge~c}s }`e} wb|eze}bw }`b kr}bz gbhh hesbz
nzkf }`b ciibz gbhh feww (CGF# (wbb cfeab#)
E} ezkrim }`b >=&gbhh w}eab drw} jbnkzb cf|hei}e}cki }`b jhew&
}kgsw} gki}eciw }`zbb mcnnbzbi} gbhh }s|bwgbhhw kn }`b }zk|`bg}k&
mbzf }`b |zcfc}c~b bimkmbzf eim }`b b|cjhew}) Bfjzskicg w}bf
gbhhw ezb mbzc~bm nzkf }`b b|cjhew})Ri}ch ikq }`b zbarhe}kzs abib}cg ib}qkzow }`e} ac~b zcwb }k
}`bwb mcnnbzbi} gbhh }s|bw ci }`b |zb&cf|hei}e}cki bfjzsk `e~b
jbbi |kkzhs rimbzw}kkm wesw }bef hbembz \erh Zkjwki kn }`b
Abikfb Ciw}c}r}b kn Wciae|kzb E$W]EZ) Qb wb} kr} }k mbncib
}`b bezhcbw} b~bi}w hbemcia }k gbhh mcnnbzbi}ce}cki mrzcia }`b
fkzrhejhew}kgsw} }zeiwc}cki)
Zkjwki eim `cw gk&qkzobzw eiehstbm }`b bp|zbwwcki kn =0 mcn&
nbzbi} abibw ci fkzb }`ei 2=&gbhh w}eab) ]`b abibw w}rmcbm fecihs bigkmb
|zk}bciw gehhbm }zeiwgzc|}cki neg}kzw }`e} zbarhe}b }`b bp|zbwwcki
kn k}`bz abibw) ]`bs nkrim }`e} r| }k }`b bezhs 5>&gbhh w}eab
}`bzb qbzb ik zbgkaictejhb mcnnbzbigbw jb}qbbi cimc~cmreh gbhhw
qc}`ci ei bfjzsk)
]`bwb bezhs fkzrhe&w}eab gbhhw ehh bp|zbwwbm e wcfchez zeiab
kn }zeiwgzc|}cki neg}kzw cimcge}cia }`e} mcnnbzbi} gbhh }s|bw `em
ik} sb} nkzfbm bp|heciw Zkjwki) Jr} js }`b >=&gbhh w}eab }`b
}`zbb feci gbhh }s|bw }`e} feob r| }`b jhew}kgsw} qbzb bp|zbww&
cia g`ezeg}bzcw}cg wrc}bw kn }zeiwgzc|}cki neg}kzw eim gkrhm jb
zbemchs mcw}ciarcw`bm)
]`b }bef ehwk w`kqbm }`e} }`b bezhcbw} mb}bg}ejhb mcnnbzbi}ceh
bp|zbwwcki kggrzzbm ci }`b he}b fkzrhe qc}` }`b }zeiwgzc|}cki
neg}kz Cm: fezocia kr}bz gbhhw eim Wkp: e obs zb|zkazeffcia
neg}kz fezocia }`b ciibz gbhhw)He}bz e} ezkrim }`b 7:&gbhh w}eab }`b zbwbezg`bzw cmbi}cncbm ei
ci~bzwb gkzzbhe}cki ci }`b bp|zbwwcki kn }`b wcaiehcia fkhbgrhb
NAN= eim c}w zbgb|}kz jb}qbbi cimc~cmreh gbhhw kn }`b CGF)
Ci`cjc}cki kn }`cw wcaiehcia epcw hbm }k e jhkgo ci |zcfc}c~b
bimkmbzf nkzfe}cki qc}` ehh CGF gbhhw jbgkfcia b|cjhew}cg)
]`cw wraabw}w }`e} wcaiehcia b~bi}w mb}bzfcicia gbhh |kwc}cki
qc}`ci }`b jhew}kgsw} kggrz jbnkzb fe}rze}cki kn }`b }zeiwgzc|&
}ckieh |zkazef)
Krz zbwrh}w jewbm ki }`b |kqbznrh e||zkeg` kn wciahb&gbhh abib
bp|zbwwcki |zknchcia `e~b |zk~cmbm ri|zbgbmbi}bm ciwca`} ci}k
}`b zbarhe}cki kn gbhh mcnnbzbi}ce}cki mrzcia }`b fkzrhejhew}kgsw}
}zeiwc}cki ci }`b fkrwb wesw Zkjwki)
5) Ark A) @rww F) ]kia A)U) Qeia G) Wri H)H) Ghezob I)M)
. Zkjwki \) Zbwkhr}cki k gbhh e}b mbgcwckiw zb~behbm js
wciahb gbhh abib bp|zbwwcki eiehswcw zkf tsak}b }k jhew}kgsw})
Mb~bhk|fbi}eh Gbhh50 >12>02 (:=&gbhh# w}eab) Cimc~cmreh gbhhw k ghbe~eab&w}eab
bfjzskw (kib&gbhh }k bca`}&gbhh w}eabw# zbfeci }k}c|k}bi} fbeicia }`e}
beg` kib `ew }`b ge|egc}s }k kzf ei bi}czb kzaeicwf) Js }`b >=&gbhh
w}eab }`zbb mcw}cig} gbhh }s|bw ezb mcw}ciarcw`ejhb) ]`b ciibz gbhh feww cw
~cwcjhb e} }`b }k| k }`b jhew}kgsw})
Wciahb&gbhh abib bp|zbwwcki |zksthcia zb~behw w|bgcstg abib}cg |zkazefw
rimbzhscia gbhh mcbzbi}ce}cki ci |zb&cf|hei}e}cki fkrwb bfjzskw
ZBWBEZG@ @CA@HCA@]W
E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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Fb}ejkhcg biacibbzcia
Ghbezcia e `rzmhb
T`cqbc Wkia eim gk&qkzobzw e} }`b E$W]EZ Jck|zkgbwwcia
]bg`ikhkas Ciw}c}r}b ci Wciae|kzb `e~b mb~bhk|bm e abib}cgehhs
fkmcncbm feffehcei gbhh hcib }`e} gkrhm azbe}hs cigzbewb }`b
bnncgcbigs kn ahsgk|zk}bci mzra |zkmrg}cki5)
\zk}bci ahsgkwshe}cki cw }`b ie}rzeh |zkgbww js q`cg` feis
|zk}bciw ezb gki~bz}bm ci}k ahsgk|zk}bciw en}bz }`bcz feirneg&
}rzb ci gbhhw }`zkra` }`b bitsfe}cg e}}eg`fbi} kn gezjk`smze}b
ahsgeiw q`cg` eh}bz }`bcz w}ejchc}s eim eg}c~c}s) Nkz bpef|hb
bzs}`zk|kcb}ci (B\K# cw e ahsgk|zk}bci `kzfkib }`e} gki}zkhw zbm
jhkkm gbhh |zkmrg}cki) Abib}cgehhs biacibbzbm zbgkfjciei} B\K
cw rwbm }k }zbe} eibfce gerwbm js ocmibs mcwbewb kz geigbz }`bze|s
ew qbhh ew gezmck~ewgrhez mcwbewb) Cinefkrwhs c} cw ehwk ejrwbm jsjhkkm&mk|cia e}`hb}bw }k cigzbewb bimrzeigb)
Hcob feis k}`bz ahsgk|zk}bciw B\K cw wcehshe}bm fbeicia
}`e} c}w ahsgeiw gki}eci wcehcg egcm) Q`bi wcehcg egcm cw zbfk~bm
zbwcmrbw kn }`b wraez aeheg}kwb ezb bp|kwbm) ]`bwb aeheg}kwb
zbwcmrbw ezb zbgkaictbm js zbgb|}kzw ci }`b hc~bz hbemcia }k
B\Kw ze|cm ghbezeigb nzkf gczgrhe}cki) @ca`hs wcehshe}bm B\K
}`bzbnkzb w}esw ci }`b jhkkmw}zbef frg` hkiabz }`ei hbww qbhh
wcehshe}bm B\K)
\zk|bz wcehshe}cki kn ahsgk|zk}bciw mzraw wrg` ew zbgkfjc&
iei} B\K cw gzrgceh nkz }`bcz }`bze|br}cg bnncgegs wesw Wkia)
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|zbwbi} jck}bg`ikhkacgeh fb}`kmw cw ik} nrhhs wcehshe}bm eim `ew
}k jb mcwgezmbm)
Ci e jcm }k zbwkh~b }`cw |zkjhbf }`b zbwbezg`bzw w}rmcbm neg}kzw
ennbg}cia ahsgk|zk}bci wcehshe}cki ci hcibw kn G`cibwb `efw}bz
k~ezs (G@K# gbhhw q`cg` ezb qcmbhs rwbm nkz }`b gkffbzgceh
|zkmrg}cki kn ahsgk|zk}bci mzraw (wbb cfeab#)
Eiehstcia ahsgk|zk}bci wcehshe}cki rwcia gki~bi}ckieh jck&
g`bfcgeh fb}`kmw cw hejkzckrw eim gkw}hs) Ciw}bem }`b zbwbezg`&
bzw rwbm e }bg`icurb gehhbm cwkbhbg}zcg&nkgrwcia (CBN# q`cg`
bnncgcbi}hs wb|eze}bw mcnnbzbi} fkhbgrhbw js }`bcz bhbg}zcg g`ezab
mcnnbzbigbw) CBN ehhkqbm ze|cm ewwbwwfbi} kn }`b wcehshe}cki
|e}}bziw kn ahsgk|zk}bciw |zkmrgbm rimbz mcnnbzbi} gkimc}ckiw kzjs mcnnbzbi} G@K gbhh hcibw bp|heciw Wkia)
]`bs nkrim }`e} wkfb kn }`b G@K gbhh hcibw qbzb zbwcw}ei} }k
ZGE&C e wraez&jcimcia |zk}bci (hbg}ci# nkrim ci gew}kz jbeiw
}`e} ikzfehhs ochhw G@K gbhhw) MIE wburbigcia gkinczfbm
abib}cg eiehswbw wraabw}cia }`e} }`b abib bigkmcia }`b |zk}bci
ahsgkwshe}cki bitsfb Ai] C qew mswnrig}ckieh ci }`b fr}ei}
gbhh hcibw) ]`bs gkzzbg}bm }`b mbnbg} ci |zk}bci ahsgkwshe}cki q`bi
}`bs abib}cgehhs biacibbzbm }`b fr}ei} gbhhw }k bp|zbww ikzfeh
Ai] C) Nrz}`bzfkzb }`b }befw gbhh hcib |zkmrgbw zbgkfjciei}
B\K qc}` bi`eigbm wcehshe}cki q`bi ikzfeh Ai] C cw zbci}zk&
mrgbm ci}k }`b gbhhw)
Qb jbhcb~b }`e} krz ncimciaw gkrhm jb e||hcbm js }`b jck&
}bg`ikhkas cimrw}zs ew ei bnncgcbi} w}ze}bas nkz |zkmrgcia `ca`hs
wcehshe}bm B\K eim k}`bz }`bze|br}cgehhs cf|kz}ei} ahsgk|zk}bci
mzraw wesw Wkia)
5) Ak` D)W)S) T`eia \) G`ei O)N) Hbb F)F) Hcf W)N) . Wkia T)
ZGE&C&zbwcw}ei} G@K fr}ei} gbhhw e~b mswrig}ckieh Ai] C eim
bp|zbwwcki k ikzfeh Ai] C ci }`bwb fr}ei}w bi`eigbw wcehshe}cki
k zbgkfjciei} bzs}`zk|kcb}ci) Fb}ejkhcg Biacibbzcia
5: 7>0 (:
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Fb}ejkhcwf
W}zcocia e jeheigb
Ei ciejchc}s }k zbarhe}b jhkkm ahrgkwb hb~bhw eim ~ewgrhez ejikz&
fehc}cbw kn }`b |eigzbew `e~b jbbi nkrim ci fcgb hegocia e wcaieh&
cia |zk}bci gehhbm wcaieh }zeiwmrgbz eim eg}c~e}kz kn }zeiwgzc|}cki
7 (W}e}7#5) ]`b qkzo gkf|hb}bm js ei ci}bzie}ckieh }bef kn
zbwbezg`bzw hbm js Qbc|cia @ei nzkf }`b Wciae|kzb Jckcfeacia
Gkiwkz}crf kn E$W]EZ gkrhm `e~b cf|hcge}ckiw nkz }`b }zbe}&
fbi} kn mcejb}bw)
Jhkkm ~bwwbhw }zeiw|kz} ahrgkwb }k }`b |eigzbew) Q`bi }`b
hb~bhw ezb }kk `ca` }`b |eigzbew zbhbewbw }`b `kzfkib ciwrhci
q`cg` cw }`bi }zeiw|kz}bm eqes js k}`bz |eigzbe}cg jhkkm ~bwwbhw)
\eigzbe}cg mswnrig}cki cw hciobm }k mcejb}bw}`b ciejchc}s }k
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Wcigb W}e}7 zbarhe}bw jhkkm ~bwwbh nkzfe}cki ci |eigzbe}cg
geigbz @ei eim gk&qkzobzw abibze}bm fcgb hegocia }`cw wcaiehcia
|zk}bci ci }`b |eigzbew (wbb cfeab#) ]`bs nkrim }`e} fcgb hegocia
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ikzfeh gkri}bz|ez}w) ]`b zbwbezg`bzw ehwk nkrim }`e} eh}`kra`
}`b ahrgkwb&wbiwcia nrig}cki kn }`b |eigzbew nrig}ckibm ikzfehhs
ci W}e}7&mbncgcbi} fcgb eim }`b |eigzbew zbhbewbm wrnncgcbi}
ciwrhci ci }cwwrb grh}rzb en}bz ahrgkwb emfcicw}ze}cki }`b hc~b fcgb
zbhbewbm hbww ciwrhci ci zbw|kiwb }k ei cidbg}cki kn ahrgkwb)
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ahrgkwb gki}zkh ci }`b W}e}7&mbncgcbi} fcgb }`bi nbhh }k }`b
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jhkkm ~bwwbhw)
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gehhbm GM75 @ei eim `cw gk&qkzobzw kjwbz~bm }`e} }`b mbiwc}s
kn jhkkm ~bwwbhw ci }`b |eigzbew qew hkqbz ci W}e}7&mbncgcbi}
fcgb }`ei ikzfeh fcgb) ]`bs wraabw} }`e} }`b gerwb cw hcobhs }k
jb zbmrgbm bp|zbwwcki kn ~ewgrhez bimk}`bhceh azkq}` neg}kz&E
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~bwwbh mb~bhk|fbi} ci feis mcnnbzbi} kzaei wsw}bfw) ]`cw w}rms
bw}ejhcw`bw }`e} W}e}7 wcaiehcia cw cf|kz}ei} ci }`b zbarhe}cki
kn |eigzbew ~ewgrhez mb~bhk|fbi} |kwwcjhs ~ce c}w zbarhe}cki kn^BAN&E ik}bw @ei)
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cigzbewcia jhkkm ~bwwbh abibze}cki }`bzbgkrhm jb e ik~bh }`bze&
|br}cg e||zkeg` }k }zbe} mcejb}bw)
5) Okw}zkfcie B) Arw}e~ewwki F) Qeia P) Hcf G)&S) Zemme
A)O) Hc G) . @ei Q) Ahrgkwb ci}khbzeigb eim cf|eczbm ciwrhci
wbgzb}cki ci |eigzbew&w|bgccg W]E]7 OK fcgb ezb ewwkgce}bm qc}`
fcgzk~ewgrhez eh}bze}ckiw ci }`b |eigzbew) Bimkgzcikhkas
525 :
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Cinbg}ckrw mcwbewb
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Cinbg}ckrw mcwbewb
W}k||cia nhr ci c}w }zegow
Ci :
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Cinbg}ckrw mcwbewb
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Cinbg}ckrw mcwbewb
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eim Ciw}c}r}b nkz Cinkgkff Zbwbezg` `e~b w`kqi `kq e ~czrw gei
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ZBWBEZG@ @CA@HCA@]W
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\@SWCGEH . HCNB WGCBIGB ]BG@IKHKACBW
20 E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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23E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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\@SWCGEH . HCNB WGCBIGB ]BG@IKHKACBW
>< E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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\@SWCGEH . HCNB WGCBIGB ]BG@IKHKACBW
>: E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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ZBWBEZG@ @CA@HCA@]W
>7E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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>= E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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BIACIBBZCIA . IEIK]BG@IKHKAS
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BIACIBBZCIA . IEIK]BG@IKHKAS
E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :0 (:
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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ZBWBEZG@ @CA@HCA@]W
E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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ZBWBEZG@ @CA@HCA@]W
E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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BIACIBBZCIA . IEIK]BG@IKHKAS
E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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ZBWBEZG@ @CA@HCA@]W
E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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0: E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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07E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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0= E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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0> E$W]EZ ZBWBEZG@ E\ZCH :
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E$W]EZ Gkf|r}e}ckieh Zbwkrzgb Gbi}zb (E$GZG#
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Me}e W}kzeab Ciw}c}r}b (MWC#
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Bp|bzcfbi}eh ]`bze|br}cgw Gbi}zb (B]G#
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