AST Stakeholder Meeting

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AST Stakeholder Meeting California Air Resources Board Stakeholder Meeting February 17, 2005 1927 13th Street, Room 202 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

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AST Stakeholder Meeting. California Air Resources Board Stakeholder Meeting February 17, 2005 1927 13th Street, Room 202 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. AST Stakeholder Meeting. Agenda Welcome and Introductions Overview of AP-42 emission estimation approach - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of AST Stakeholder Meeting

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AST Stakeholder Meeting

California Air Resources BoardStakeholder MeetingFebruary 17, 2005 1927 13th Street, Room 20210:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

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AST Stakeholder MeetingAgenda

• Welcome and Introductions • Overview of AP-42 emission estimation approach• Discuss the comments received by stakeholders• Results from small scale studies• Future Plans• Contact Information

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AST Stakeholder Meeting

Welcome and Introductions

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AST Stakeholder Meeting

Overview of AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Purpose:

– Use AP-42 approach to calculate statewide emission estimate for Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs)

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Statewide Emission Estimate For ASTs:

– Sum of emissions calculated for 16 regions in CA.– Emissions from each region are calculated based

on the tank size and configuration.

Emissions = Tank Population x Emission Factor

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Tank Population:

– Number of tanks in a region by size, type, and vapor recovery configuration.

– Determined from a statewide survey of fuel haulers.

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Survey Status:

– Contacted 187 companies– 62 companies responded– Extrapolated results determined the presence of

approximately 9,300 tanks statewide– Survey portion is completed

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Emission Factor:

– It is an estimated amount of hydrocarbon emissions emitted into the atmosphere in a given period of time.

– Calculated on a monthly basis.

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• AP-42 Methodology:

– Developed by American Petroleum Institute (API)– Is approved by the U.S. EPA– Widely used by industry– Calculates Total losses/emissions from ASTs

Emissions = Standing Storage or Breathing Loss + Working Loss

– Applies only to tanks vented through small orifices or pressure relief valves.

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Standing Storage or Breathing Loss (Ls)

– It is a loss due to evaporation. Heating of the tank by the sun causes the fuel to volatilize and vent to the atmosphere.

LS = nVVWVKEKS

– Please review pages 2 - 5 of the AP-42 document

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Working Loss (Lw) :

– This loss occurs when mass of vapors are emitted to the atmosphere during the:

• Transfer of gasoline from cargo tank to AST (Deliveries)• Transfer of gasoline from AST to vehicle (Dispenses)

Lw = Lw(Deliveries) + Lw(Dispenses)

– Please review pages 6 and 7 of the AP-42 document.

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Sacramento Case Study

– Used AP-42 methodology to calculate emission factors for 751 - 1000 gallon tank with various configurations.

– Intend to apply this calculation methodology to different tank sizes and configurations for all 16 regions in California.

– Methodology uses reasonable assumptions.

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

• Assumptions Used:

– Tank is half full on average.– Fuel surface temperature range is derived from

the ambient temperature range.– Phase I or Phase II vapor recovery controls

• Tanks with controls have a P/V valve at 2” WC • Tanks without controls have no P/V valve

– Working loss emissions assumes 2 deliveries per year and 95% control for both Phase I and Phase II vapor recovery systems.

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AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach

Type ofVapor Recovery Standing Working Working Yearly Total Daily Avg.System Loss, LS Loss, LW (Deliveries) Loss, LW (Dispenses) Loss LossNone 218.30 9.07 9.07 236.44 0.65Phase I 197.22 0.45 9.07 206.74 0.57Phase I&II 197.22 0.45 0.45 198.13 0.54

Type ofVapor Recovery Standing Working Working Yearly Total Daily Avg.System Loss, LS Loss, LW (Deliveries) Loss, LW (Dispenses) Loss LossNone 52.42 9.07 9.07 70.56 0.19Phase I 31.35 0.45 9.07 40.87 0.11Phase I&II 31.35 0.45 0.45 32.25 0.09

Insulated Tanks

Total Emissions from Aboveground Storage Tanks (lbs)Using Modified AP- 42 ApproachSacramento, 751-1000 Gallons

Non- Insulated Tanks

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Comments Received

• Approach seems reasonable.• Deliveries for some styles of tanks may be

greater than two per year.• Assumption of no P/V valves for tanks with no

Phase I or Phase II controls needs to be investigated.

• Additional comments?

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Small Scale Studies(AP-42 Bias)

• How well does AP-42 predict actual emissions from open tanks?– Web search found two AST studies that measured

emissions from open tanks without pressure relief valves.

– ARB performed some initial observations on small one gallon tanks with various vent openings.

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Small Scale Studies(Published Literature)

British Coumbia Ministry of Agriculture 38 L 11 L 3

University of Nebraska 34 L 11 L 3

Average 3

Under Estimated by a factor

of

Predicted AP-42 Loss

Publisher Measured Loss

AP-42 Versus Volumetric Loss(Summer Monthly Loss for a 1200 L Tank, No Pressure Relief Valve)

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Small Scale Study(ARB Initial Observations)

1/8 Inch 2.5 g 0.43 g 63/8 Inch 7.3 g 0.36 g 20

1 1/2 Inch 36.4 g 0.32 g 114Average 47

Under Estimated

by a Factor of

Predicted AP-42 Loss

Opening Measured Loss

AP-42 Versus Gravimetric Measurement

(16 Degree F Temperature Increase)

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Small Scale Study

• Conclusions:– AP-42 method significantly under estimates

emissions on open systems without pressure relief valves.

– Need to refine method to measure emissions from open systems.

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Future Plans

• AP-42 Correlation Study on 50 gallon AST• Control Technology Demonstration Using Two

Identical 50 gallon ASTs– One AST will serve as a control.– Second AST will be retrofitted with control

technology.– Emission reductions will be incrementally measured

with a carbon canister.

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Need Volunteers• We need volunteers to give us access to

their full size AST, so further correlation studies can be done.

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Contact InformationGeneral AST Information• Joe Guerrero (916) 324-9487 - [email protected]

Stephanie Connelly (916) 445-9308 - [email protected]

Tank Population• Ranjit Bhullar (916) 322-0223 - [email protected]

LaMar Mitchell (916) 445-9371 - [email protected]

Emission Inventory• Jim Watson (916) 327-1282 - [email protected]• Pamela Gupta (916) 324-4458 - [email protected]

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Contact Information

Need More Information?

• ARB Vapor Recovery Website:– www.arb.ca.gov/vapor/vapor.htm

• ARB Aboveground Storage Tank Website:– www.arb.ca.gov/vapor/ast/ast.htm