Association Affairs

Preview of Programs at AAASWashington MeetingSome of the programs to be presented

at the 1958 AAAS meeting in Washing-ton are given here. Others will be an-

nounced in subsequent issues.

Mathematics

Section A. Vice-presidential address ofSection A: "Pathology of Infinite Sys-tems of Differential Equations," by EinarHille, Yale University. Invited papers,

cosponsored by the Operations ResearchSociety of America: "Mathematics inthe Social Sciences"; 27 Dec. Paperswill be presented on mathematical or-

ganization theory (Merrill M. Flood,University of Michigan) and on psycho-logical measurement and a theory ofdata (Clyde Coombs, University ofMichigan).

Panel: "The Problem of Formulatinga Problem," arranged by Richard S. Bur-ington, Bureau of Ordnance, Navy De-partment, who will preside; 28 Dec.Papers: general considerations (RichardS. Burington); formulation of the prob-lem of ballistic missile flight dynamics(J. D. Nicolaides, Bureau of Ordnance,Navy Department); the mathematician'spoint of view on formulating problems(Philip M. Whitman, Applied PhysicsLaboratory, Johns Hopkins University);the formulation of evaluation problemsin systems-engineering analyses (D. C.May, Bureau of Ordnance, Navy Depart-ment); the formulation of nonlinear the-ories in fields and continua (Horace M.Trent, Naval Research Laboratory); de-termination of upper atmospheric prop-erties from satellite observations (RobertJastrow, Naval Research Laboratory);formulation of problems in geodesy(John O'Keefe, Army Map Service).Open discussion by members of thepanel.

Association for Computing Machinery.Invited papers: "Adventures with Elec-tronic Digital Computers"; arranged bya committee, J. H. Wegstein, NationalBureau of Standards, chairman; 30 Dec.;William F. Cahill, National Bureau ofStandards, presiding. Papers: French toEnglish by computing machine (A. F. R.Brown, Georgetown University); musi-cal compositions by a digital computer

1150

(Lejaran Hiller, University of Illinois);computers and the Dead Sea scrolls(Paul Tasman, IBM World Trade Cor-poration); Capital Airlines electronicreservation system (R. C. Douglas, Cap-ital Airlines).

PhysicsSection B. Three-session symposium,

cosponsored by Sigma Pi Sigma and theChesapeake Section of the AmericanAssociation of Physics Teachers: "Re-views of Special Topics in Physics"; ar-

ranged by J. Howard McMillen, Na-tional Science Foundation; 28 and 29Dec. Part I, Bernard B. Watson, JohnsHopkins University, presiding. Papers on

lightning effects on trees and buildings(Francis M. Defandorf, National Bureauof Standards) and trends in cosmic ray

research (Maurice M. Shapiro, NavalResearch Laboratory). Part II, L. L.Marton, National Bureau of Standards,presiding. Paper on the properties ofpositronium (Richard A. Ferrell, Uni-versity of Maryland). Part III, EdwardJ. Schremp, Naval Research Laboratory,presiding. Paper on the present status ofrelativity theory (Joseph Weber, Univer-sity of Maryland).

Physicists' luncheon and vice-presiden-tial address of Section B: "Science,Pseudoscience, and Parapsychology," byRaymond T. Birge, University of Cali-fornia; 29 Dec.; Robert Bruce Lindsay,Brown University, presiding.American Astronautical Society. Guest

lecture: "The Exploration of Space," byHugh L. Dryden, National Aeronauticsand Space Administration; 27 Dec. Tech-nical session I: "Space Explorations";27 Dec. Paper on orbit decay and pre-diction of motion of artificial satellites(Herman F. Michielsen, Lockheed Mis-sile Systems Division). American Astro-nautical Society Honors Night dinner;27 Dec.; Ross Fleisig, Sperry GyroscopeCompany, presiding. Technical sessionII: "Reentry Mechanics"; 28 Dec. Pa-per on heat transfer in high-speed slipflow (Richard A. Oman and Richard A.Scheuing, Grumman Aircraft Engineer-ing Corporation). Technical session III:"Space Vehicle Design"; 29 Dec. Paperon the high-temperature research chal-lenge in space vehicle design (Peter E.Glaser, Arthur D. Little, Inc.). Tech-

nical session IV: "Guidance, Controland Communications"; 30 Dec. Paperon simplified space guidance systemsanalysis (Curtis A. Brown and RossFleisig, Sperry Gyroscope Company).American Meteorological Society. In-

vited papers: "Review of Recent Devel-opments in Radar Meteorology"; ar-ranged by Vaughn D. Rockney, U.S.Weather Bureau; 30 Dec. Papers oncloud physics and propagation (Walter(Hitschfeld, McGill University); syn-optic meteorology (Edwin Kessler, III,U.S. Air Force Geophysics Research Di-rectorate); severe storms and hurricanes(Myron G. H. Ligda, Stanford ResearchInstitute); instrumentation and hydrol-ogy (Richard D. Tarble, U.S. WeatherBureau). Invited papers, cosponsored bythe Association for Computing Machin-ery: "Numerical Weather Prediction";arranged by George P. Cressman, Na-tional Meteorological Center, who willpreside; 31 Dec.

ChemistrySection C. Symposium: "Kinetics of

Gas Phase Reactions"; 26 Dec.; RalphKlein, National Bureau of Standards,presiding. Papers will be presented onthe decomposition of vibrationally ex-cited species (Basil de B. Darwent,Catholic University of America); chem-ically induced molecular excitation theinitial products of exothermic elemen-tary reactions (David Garvin, PrincetonUniversity; kinetics of some reactionsof atomic oxygen (Frederick Kaufman,Aberdeen Proving Ground); photo-oxi-dation mechanisms (Kenneth 0. Kut-schke, Canadian National ResearchCouncil); exploration of the elementarysteps of diborane reactions (Rudolph A.Marcus, Polytechnic Institute of Brook-lyn).

Two-session symposium: "Frozen FreeRadicals"; 27 Dec.; F. 0. Rice, Catho-lic University of America, presiding.Introduction (Julius Jackson, NationalBureau of Standards); papers on elec-tron spin resonance of certain free radi-cals (G. K. Fraenkel, Columbia Univer-sity); electron spin resonance of poly-mers (R. E. Florin and D. W. Brown,National Bureau of Standards); theimine radical (W. B. Gager, NationalBureau of Standards, and F. 0. Rice);cold surface deposition of atoms froma molecular beam source (M. Scheer,National Bureau of Standards); smallmolecules (C. K. Jen and S. N. Foner,Johns Hopkins University); H atom re-actions with solid olefins at low tempera-tures (R. Klein and M. Scheer, NationalBureau of Standards); low-temperaturex-ray diffraction investigations (L. H.Bolts, F. A. Mauer, and H. S. Peiser,National Bureau of Standards).

Three-session symposium: "ChemicalSCIENCE, VOL. 128

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Effects of High Energy Radiation"; 28and 29 Dec.

Part I: "Small Molecules"; Leo A.Wall, National Bureau of Standards,presiding. Introductory remarks (Leo A.Wall); papers on characteristic featuresof radiation chemistry (Milton Burton,University of Notre Dame); the radia-tion chemistry of low molecular weighthydrocarbons (Leon Dorfman, ArgonneNational Laboratory); the effect of linearenergy transfer on radiation chemical re-actions (Robert Schuler, Mellon Insti-tute); indirect and direct action of radi-ation on organic compounds containingthe N-C bond (Warren M. Garrison,University of California).

Part II: "Polymers"; Milton Burton,University of Notre Dame, presiding.Papers on irradiation of polyethylene,IV: oxidation effects (H. Matsuo andMalcolm Dole, Northwestern Univer-sity); the radiation-induced cis-trans iso-merization of polybutadiene (Morton A.Golub, B. F. Goodrich Company);gamma irradiation of poly-a-methylaty-rene (A. M. Kotliar, Naval ResearchLaboratory); radiation chemistry ofpolydimethylsiloxane (A. A. Miller,General Electric Company); gammairradiation of fluorocarbon polymers(Roland E. Florin and Leo A. Wall,National Bureau of Standards); gammairradiation of collagen (James Cassel,National Bureau of Standards).

Part III: "Irradiation Techniques";S. David Bailey, Quartermaster Re-search and Development Command,presiding. Papers on irradiation-inducedpolymerization (Ed F. Degering, G. J.Caldarella, and M. A. Mancini, Quar-termaster Research and DevelopmentCommand); monitoring irradiation ef-fects on monomers and polymers bymass spectrometry (Charles Merritt, Jr.,Ed F. Degering, and Maurice L. Bazi-net, Quartermaster Research and De-velopment Command); irradiation oforganic polymers in nuclear reactors(Oscar Sisman, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory); competitive reagents andthe radiolysis of glycine (Charles Max-well, National Institutes of Health); low-temperature radiation studies (DanielW. Brown and Leo A. Wall, NationalBureau of Standards).

Contributed papers; 30 Dec. Part I,Gilbert W. Castellan, Catholic Univer-sity of America, presiding. Papers onfactors governing the deposition of sus-pensions by nonuniform electric fields(Herbert A. Pohl and James P. Schwar,Princeton University); the photolysis ofacetone in perfluorocarbon solvents (Gil-bert J. Mains, Carnegie Institute ofTechnology); strontium-90 balance inman (E. Lenhoff, H. Spencer, J. Sa-machson, and Arthur R. Schulert, La-mont Geological Observatory); ultra-violet absorption measurements of somearomatic compounds in solutions in the

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SCIENCE, VOL. 128

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solid state (M. Ellen Dolores Lynch,Dunbarton College, Washington, D.C.,and Columba Curren, Notre Dame Uni-versity); ionization constants of deriva-tives of fluorene and -other polycycliccompounds (Preston H. Grantham,Elizabeth K. Weisburger, and John H.Weisburger, National Institutes ofHealth); improved synthesis of amides(David W. Young and Eileen M. Par6,Sinclair Research Laboratories). PartII, George N. Kowkabany, CatholicUniversity of America, presiding. Pa-pers on a possible mechanism for res-piratory chain phosphorylation (the py-ridine nucleotide cycle) (Theodore I.Blieber, University of Mississippi); quan-titative 'determination of adrenocorticalsteroids in the urine of pregnant women(David F. Johnson, Daniel Frangois,and Erich Heftmann, National Insti-tutes of Health); isolation of steroidsfrom human feces (Erich Heftmann,Ekkehard Weiss, aind Erich Mosettig,National Institutes of Health); activi-ties of division of'chemistry and chem-ical technology of the National ResearchCouncil (Clem 0. Miller, National Re-search Council).American Association of Clinical

Chemists. Symposium: "BiochemicalStudies in Schizophrenia"; moderatedby Seymour S. Kety, National Instituteof Mental Health; 29 Dec.; ElizabethG. Frame, National Institutes of Health,presiding. Papers will be read on sourcesof error in biochemical research inschizophrenia (Seymour S. Kety); stud-ies on ceruloplasmin and ascorbic acidin schizophrenia (Roger K. McDonald,National Institute of Mental Health);metabolism of epinephrine and norepi-nephrine (Julius Axelrod, National In-stitute of Mental Health); observationson catechol amines in blood and urinein mental illness (Hans Weil-Malherbe,National Institute of Mental Health);the significance of aromatic compoundsin the urine of schizophrenics (ElwoodH. LaBrosse, National Institute of Men-tal Health); some aspects of tryptophanmetabolism in schizophrenia (Irwin J.Kopin, National Institute of MentalHealth).American Association of Clinical

'demists dinner; 29 Dec.; Oliver H.Gaebler, Edsel B. Ford Institute forMedical Research, presiding. Medicalresearch observed in the Soviet Union(Thelma B. Dunn, National Cancer Iil-stitute).

Contributed papers; 30 Dec. Part I,Albert E. Sobel, Jewish Hospital ofBrooklyn, presiding. Papers on chelatediron (Martin Rubin and J. V. Princi-otto, Georgetown University MedicalCenter); effects of growth hormone andcorticotropin on total output and par-tition of N15 from glycine, alanine, andammonium citrate (0. H. Gaebler,Dorothy Kurrie, and Thomas Maska-7 NOVEMBER 1958

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leris, Edsel B. Ford Institute for Med-ical Research); the binding of amidoblack and bromphenol blue dyes byserum protein fractions separated bycontinuous-flow electrophoresis (F. Wil-liam Sunderman, Jr., U.S. Naval Med-ical School, and F. W. Sunderman, Jef-ferson Medical College); determinationof fibrinogen in plasma (Miriam Reinerand Helen L. Cheung, D.C. General Hos-pital); a simple method for determina-tion of uropepsin or pepsin (Ernest C.Adams, Jr., Ray Mast, and Alfred H.Free, Miles-Ames Research Labora-tory); stable starch substrate solutionfor the spectrophotometric determina-tion of amylase (Eugene W. Rice, Pres-byterian Hospital, Pittsburgh); the de-termination of organic acids in serum

(Samuel Meites, Children's Hospital,Columbus, Ohio); photometric deter-mination of the sialic (N-acetylneura-minic) acid distribution in cerebro-spinal fluid (Abraham Saifer and Har-old A. Siegel, Jewish Chronic DiseaseHospital, Brooklyn). Part II, Joseph V.Princiotto, Georgetown University Med-ical Center, presiding. Papers on urinaryexcretion of aromatic metabolites inmental disease (Harry Goldenberg andVivian Goldenberg, Hillside Hospital,Glen Oaks, New York); alterations inblood chemistry during iproniazid (Mar-silid) hepatitis (Seymour Winsten andLawrence Weiss, Albert Einstein Med-ical Center); detection of small amountsof phenothiazine-derived drugs by rapidurinary color tests (Irene S. Forrest andFred M. Forrest, Veterans Administra-tion Hospital, Brockton, Mass); cho-line reversal of anticholinesterase activ-ity of psychotomimetic compounds inhuman serum (Herbert Sprince, Veter-ans Administration Hospital, Coatesville,Pa., and Irwin Lichtenstein, Universityof Pennsylvania); influence of lysergicacid diethylamide and vasotonic drugson urinary excretion patterns (HarryGoldenberg, Vivian Goldenberg, andArnold Blumberg, Hillside Hospital,Glen Oaks, New York); detection ofthe heterozygous carrier in galactosemia(David Yi-Yung Hsia, Irene Huang, andGrace Lawrence, Children's MemorialHospital, Chicago, and Shirley G. Dris-coll, Northwestern University MedicalSchool); the adsorption of sulfonamidesto blood protein precipitates (HaroldL. Rosenthal, Washington UniversitySchool of Dentistry, and Lois Jud,Rochester General Hospital); corticos-terone and 17-hydroxycorticosterone lev-els in human plasma (Joseph Mc-Laughlin, Jr., Edward C. Knoblock, andE. G. Herndon, Jr., Walter Reed ArmyMedical Center); the photometric deter-mination of phenylpyruvic acid in urine(Abram Saifer and Alfred F. Harris,Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital, Brook-lyn).

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Astronomy

Section D. Vice-presidential addressof Section D: "Surveying the Moon,"Chester B. Watts, U.S. Naval Observa-tory; 26 Dec.; Dirk Brouwer, Yale Uni-versity Observatory, presiding.

Astronomical League. Invited papers,

cosponsored by Section D (Astronomy);arranged by Grace Scholz Spitz, Alex-andria, Virginia, who will preside; 26Dec. Papers will be read on achievementsof amateurs in astronomy (James Q.Gant, George Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine), nonastronomicalachievements of amateur astronomers(Robert H. McCracken, Diamond Ord-nance Fuse Laboratories), and oppor-

tunities and obligations of the amateurin science (Armand N. Spitz, Spitz Labo-ratories).

Insect Pathology andBiological ControlThe first International Conference for

Insect Pathology and Biological Controlwas held at the Hotel International inPrague, Czechoslovakia, 13-23 August.Approximately 150 delegates from 20different countries attended. There were

two delegates from the United States:John D. Briggs of the Illinois NaturalHistory Survey and Edward A. Steinhausof the University of C$lifornia. The lat-ter was assigned the role of spokesmanfor the Western nations, while I. A.Rubtzov of the U.S.S.R. lead the delega-tion of the Eastern countries. The con-

ference was held under the auspices ofthe Czechoslovak and Slovak Academiesof Sciences, with J. Weiser, head of theacademy's Laboratory of Insect Pathol-ogy in Prague, and A. Huba, in chargeof the Laboratory of Plant Protection inIvanka, serving as host-chairmen of themeeting.The conference opened with speeches

of welcome by Ivan Malek, chief of theacademy's Institute of Biology, and byWeiser and Huba. The scientific sessionsand the presentation of scientific papers

lasted through 16 August. The followingten sections (and their moderators) were

convened: (i) Insect Bacteriology (E.A. Steinhaus), (ii) Insect Mycology (N.A. Telenga), (iii) Insect Helminthology(J. Weiser), (iv) Taxonomy of Ento-mophagous Insects (Z. Boucek), (v)Evaluation of the Results of Introduc-tions of Entomophagous Insects (I. A.Rubtzov), (vi) Insect Virology (G.Bergold), (vii) Insect Protozoology (J.Weiser), (viii) Rise and Effect of Para-sitic Insects (P. Mesnil), (ix) Use ofMonophagous and Polyphagous Insectsin Biological Control (Liu Chung Lo),(x) International Cooperation (J. Weiserand J. Huba).

A total of 65 papers were presented.Of this number, 36 were concerned withinsect pathology and microbial control,23 with entomophagous insects and bio-logical control generally, and six dealtwith the matter of international coopera-tion in the fields of insect pathology andbiological control.

In addition to the strictly scientificparts of the conference, a sumptuousbanquet was held the night of 14 Augustcomplete with appropriate toasts andgustatorial pleasures. Following thepaper-reading sessions, there were sev-eral very enjoyable and greatly appre-ciated excursions. These included a tripthrough historical and modern Prague,a trip to Carlsbad and Marienbad to seesome of the famous Czech spas, and anextended excursion to Slovakia, climaxedby a farewell dinner in the High-Tatras.

It is impossible to describe and toevaluate the conference in the spaceavailable here. Those interested in thesubject matter of the conference areurged to write to the Czechoslovak Acad-emy of Sciences in Prague. Completeproceedings of the conference will bepublished in early 1959. Notable ad-vances were reported by representativesof almost every country present.On the last day of scientific sessions

conferences were held between the dele-gates of western and eastern Europeancountries in an effort to establish bettercooperation and liaison between thesetwo areas and the individual countriesconcerned. Representatives (J. Franz andP. Bovey) of the Western EuropeanCommission Internationale de Lutte Bio-logique (CILB) explained their pro-gram and objectives. Delegates fromeastern European and Asian nations for-mulated resolutions and statements ofintent to form a somewhat similar or-ganization among their countries. Thehope was expressed that eventually closerliaison and cooperation could be estab-lished between the Eastern organization,the CILB, the Commonwealth Instituteof Biological Control, and perhaps othergroups.

Although regional meetings and con-ferences dealing with insect pathologyand biological control have been held inseveral parts of the world, this is the firstgathering of so large a group of scien-tists in these disciplines from so manycountries. For this reason, this first in-ternational conference is of historic aswell as of current scientific importance.The exceptionally fine and expertly man-aged facilities including a radio-ear-phone interpreting system that providedsimultaneous translations into Czech,German, English, and Russian-and thegenerous hospitality and solicitude of theCzech hosts, made the conference one

that could be enjoyed from a human-relations as well as a scientific stand-

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point. Opportunity was provided for nu-merous small conferences and meetings,permitting valuable discussions and in-terchange of ideas and viewpoints. Itwas a conference that no one who waspresent is likely ever to forget, and itis to be hoped that the place and timeof the second such conference may bedecided soon.

Forthcoming EventsDecember

7-10. American Inst. of Chemical En-gineers, annual, Cincinnati, Ohio. (F. J.Van Antwerpen, 25 W. 45 St., New York,N.Y.)

8-10. American Nuclear Soc., winter,Detroit, Mich. (ANS, P.O. Box 963, OakRidge, Tenn.)

9-10. Conference on Learning Effec-tiveness, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadel-phia, Pa. (Air Force Office of ScientificResearch, Air Research and DevelopmentCommand, U.S. Air Force, Washington25.)

10-16. American Acad. of Optometry,annual, Boston, Mass. (C. C. Koch, 1502Foshay Tower, Minneapolis, Minn.)

12-13. Association for Research inNervous and Mental Disease, annual, NewYork, N.Y. (R. J. Masselink, 700 W. 168St., New York 32.)

15-17. American Soc. of AgriculturalEngineers, winter, Chicago, Ill. (J. L.Butt, American Soc. of Agricultural En-gineers, St. Joseph, Mich.)

15-19. Radiation Biology, 2nd Austra-lian conf., Melbourne, Australia. (J. H.Martin, Physics Dept., Cancer Inst.Board, 483 St. Lonsdale St., Melbourne,Victoria.)

17. Institute of Aeronautical Sciences,Washington, D.C. (R. R. Dexter, IAS, 2E. 64 St., New York 21.)

18-20. American Physical Soc., LosAngeles, Calif. (K. K. Darrow, APS, Co-lumbia Univ., New York 27.)

26-31. American Assoc. for the Ad-vancement of Science, annual, Washing-ton, D.C. (R. L. Taylor, AAAS, 1515Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5.)

27-29. American Economic Assoc., Chi-cago, Ill. (J. W. Bell, AEA, NorthwesternUniv., Evanston, Ill.)

27-29. Econometric Soc., Chicago, Ill.(R. Ruggles, Box 1264 Yale Station, YaleUniv., New Haven, Conn.)

27-30. American Folklore Soc., NewYork, N.Y. (MacE. Leach, AFS, Univ. ofPennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.)

28-30. Archaeological Inst. of America,Cincinnati, Ohio. (L. A. Campbell, AIA,Dept. of Classics, Brooklyn College, Brook-lyn, N.Y.)

29-30. National Council of Teachersof Mathematics, New York, N.Y. (M. H.Ahrendt, NCTM, 1201 16 St., NW, Wash-ington 6.)

28-30. Western Soc. of Naturalists,Seattle, Wash. (J. P. Harville, San JoseState College, San Jose 14.)(See issue of 17 October for comprehensive list)

Erratum: The American Rocket So-ciety will meet in New York 17-21 Nov.1958, and not 1-5 Dec. 1958.

LettersScience Teaching

Many people will be interested in"1958 Parliament of Science," publishedin Science of 18 April [127, 852 (1958)],reporting the Washington, D.C., conven-tion of the parliament on 15-17 Mar.1958, conducted by the American Asso-ciation for the Advancement of Science.However, the problems and recommen-dations must be supplemented by a prac-tical program for the achievement of theaims and must reach those who havepower to put the recommendations intoeffective practice, or the parliament hassubstantially failed.Recommendations 51 through 55 stress

the need to increase the subject-matterknowledge of people who are now teach-ing science and who propose to teachscience. This can be accomplished intwo ways: (i) Existing teachers must begiven the credit which leads to highersalary if they take subject-matter coursesin the liberal arts departments; (ii)prospective teachers must be permittedto substitute liberal arts courses for theeducation department courses presentlyrequired for certification. These reformsinvolve changes in university manage-ment and changes in the various stateregulations, and both changes must beaccomplished through political ratherthan scientific channels.Recommendation No. 55 is the master-

piece of understatement in the whole re-port: "We believe that in many cases itis possible to reduce the number of hoursin professional education courses re-quired for certification or graduation,and that the corresponding increase inopportunity for other courses would im-prove teaching effectiveness." Every edu-cated person knows that the world'sgreat teachers, from Buddha, Aristotle,and Jesus Christ down to include mostof our finest contemporary teachers,never had any courses in an educationdepartment.We need a drastic reduction in the

number of hours in professional educa-tion courses required for teacher certi-fication or graduation. Science depart-ments, not education departments, shouldselect science teachers! A science-depart-ment teaching recommendation shouldbe accepted legally as a substitute for,and in lieu of, education departmentcourses. It is certainly not in the publicinterest that capable scientists, includingeven the President's science adviser,should be barred from teaching in thepublic schools by legal requirements im-posed through the political influence ofthose less competent to judge qualifica-tions of a science teacher.A first step in improving science edu-

cation and teaching is to get rid of the

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Association Affairs

DOI: 10.1126/science.128.3332.1150 (3332), 1150-1156.128Science 

ARTICLE TOOLS http://science.sciencemag.org/content/128/3332/1150.citation

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is a registered trademark of AAAS.Scienceof Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. The title (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published by the American Association for the AdvancementScience

Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.Copyright © 1958 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of

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