Assignment Use Chapters 11 & 12 to define these key terms Chapter 11 Chapter 12FascismAppeasementStrategic MaterialsConcentration CampExtermination Camp

RationingAmphtracKamikazeConvoy SystemNapalm

World War II

Today’s StandardsUS.56 Analyze the reasons for and

consequences of the rise of fascism and totalitarianism in Europe during the 1930’s, including the actions of Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin.

US.62 Identify the roles played and significant actions of the following individuals in World War II:

· Adolph Hitler· Benito Mussolini· Hideki Tōjō

Causes of WWII1. Treaty of Versailles humiliated and

bankrupted Germany2. Worldwide depression destroyed Germany’s

and Italy’s economies 3. Fascism4. Imperialism (Japan and Italy)5. Nationalism- extreme devotion to one nation6. Anti-Semitism- hostility or discrimination

against Jews

TotalitarianismGovernment that exerts total control over the

nation and citizen's livesTwo types

1.Fascism- emphasizes importance of nation (or one ethnic group) and the supreme authority of a leader over that of the individual

2.Communism- government owns all land and property, one political party, and needs of the country take priority over the individual

Adolf HitlerBlamed Jews and Socialists

for Germany’s defeatArrested for organizing a

military coup in 1923Released from jail and

formed the National Socialist German Workers Party

Used the economic depression in Germany to gain power by promising a return to the pre-WWI glory days

Saw Germans as a master race (Aryans)

HolocaustHitler’s “final solution” to the “Jewish problem”Millions of Jews and other minority groups were

killed in gas chambers (elimination chambers)Rest of the world did not find out about the

Holocaust until after the warGerman officials' put on trial in Nuremberg,

Germany by the allies for crimes against humanity (genocide)

Several of the officials received the death penalty for their part in the Holocaust

Benito MussoliniThe father of fascism

Became Prime Minster of Italy in 1922

Invaded Ethiopia in 1936

Rise of the Japanese EmpireJapan starting in late

1800’s underwent rapid industrialization

Industrialization was organized by the military control government

Goal was to become the strongest nation in Asia and to control all other East Asian nations (imperialism)

Unofficial start of WWII was the Japanese invasion of Manchuria (northern China) in 1931

Joseph StalinCommunist leader

of the Soviet UnionSaid to be the only

man Hitler fearedSigned a

nonaggression pact with Germany before the start of WWII

WWII BeginsGermany annexed Austria and parts of

Czechoslovakia in 1938England and France hoping to avoid war told

Hitler he could do this if he promised not to cause any more trouble (appeasement)

Germany, however, invaded Poland in 1939 starting WWII

France and England came to the aide of Poland but it was too late

Dark Days for EuropeGermany signs a nonaggression pact with the

Soviet Union (Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact ) France falls to Germany in 1940 leaving

England only country left to fight Italy and Germany

Germany in 1941 breaks its nonaggression pact and invades the Soviet Union

Germany’s blitzkrieg (lighting war) made it to the suburbs of Moscow before Russian troops and the Russian winter stopped their advance

Europe 1941

Winston ChurchillPrime Minster of

Great Britain after the start of WWII

Had warned about the dangers of Hitler before the war began

Helped Britain to hold out against German air attacks

America and WWIIFDR saw Hitler as a serous threat but Americans

wanted no part of another European WarUS Congress passed Neutrality Acts that

outlawed the sale of any war materials or loans to any nation at war

As Hitler gained power these Acts were ignored and war materials were sold to Great Britain

US latter loan materials to Britain in exchange for leases on military bases (Lend-Lease Act)

Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941 “ A

day that will live in infamy”

Japan launched a surprise attack on the US pacific fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

United States declares war on Japan

Germany declares war on the USA

Assignment 1/2 page responseWhich event do you believe had the larger

impact on America Pearl Harbor or 9-11? Why?

The Allies vs. The AxisThe Allies

1.USA (FDR)2.Soviet Union (Joseph

Stalin)3.Great Britain (Winston

Churchill)

The Axis1.Germany (Adolf Hitler)2.Japan (Hideki Tojo)3.Italy (Benito Mussolini)

The Home Front1. Women- went to work in factories2. Urbanization- people moved to cities to work

in factories3. Minority Employment- went to work in

factories4. GI Bill- allowed soldiers to go to college and

buy a house after the war 5. Rationing- helped conserve resources for war

effort6. Family Life- women forced to rely on family

members and friends for childcare

Rosie the Riveter

Office of War InformationControlled the release of all information

concerning the war effortPropaganda machine for the US war effortJob was to keep moral high, keep nation

united, and encourage all citizens to do their part in the war effort

1.Newspapers2.Radio3.Movies4.Cartoons5.Comics

AssignmentPick one of the four WWII propaganda Looney

Tunes and answer the following questions

1.What were symbols used in the cartoon and what did they represent

2.What historical figures and countries were represented in the cartoon?

3. What was the message of the cartoon?

4.Do you believe that the cartoon successfully promoted its message? Why or Why Not? (answer in a half page paragraph)

Key Battles in EuropeNorth Africa- first area of Allied attack against

Nazi Germany Invasion of Italy- attempt by Allies to cut off

Italy from Nazi Germany became a stalemate D-day- Allied amphibious invasion of

Normandy, France, beginning of the end for Hitler

Battle of the Budge- Hitler's final desperate attempt to defeat the allies in Western Europe, caused a budge in the Allies’ lines but ultimately failed

Key Battles of the PacificMidway- Battle over a island/airfield half way

between Tokyo and Honolulu, first major victory by America over Japan, large part of Japanese Navy destroyed

Corral Sea- Last major Naval battle in Pacific, rest of Japanese Navy destroyed

Okinawa and Iwo Jima- Invasion of two small islands near Japan, Heavy US casualties as Japanese soldiers fought to the death, many civilians also committed suicide rather than surrendering to American Forces

Manhattan ProjectResearch and

development of the atomic bomb

Most of the research done in Oak Ridge, TN (Isolated and access to TVA power)

Oak Ridge chosen because of its isolated locations (fear of espionage)

Provided the plutonium and conducted tests on the effects of plutonium and radiation on people

The Atomic BombFirst weapon of mass destructionFirst bomb (Little Boy) dropped on HiroshimaSecond bomb (Fat Man) dropped on

NagasakiLed to Japan’s unconditional surrender a few

days laterJapan was allow to keep their emperor in a

ceremonial role Truman justified its use by stating it ended

the war quickly and saved American lives

Tennessee and WWIICordell Hull- from TN, Secretary of State

under FDR, Held position longer than anyone in history, “Father of the United Nations”

Knoxville’s TVA- powered Oak RidgeAlcoa- Manufactured aluminum for

Manhattan ProjectFort Campbell, KY- near Clarksville TN,

training facility for WWII soldiers, home of the 101st Airborne today

Camp Forest- Tullahoma TN, Army training camp for WWII, later a POW camp for German soldiers

Chattanooga War Production Plants- Produced army ammunition (TNT) during WWII (site of current VW plant)

Post War: USA vs. USSR Differences in

Government and Economics

USA: Democratic Republic and Capitalism

Soviet Union: Totalitarianism and Communism

Disagreed over the fates of European nations

The Cold War & the Iron Curtain

Postwar Europe and JapanMarshal Plan- USA gave money to

European countries so they could rebuild after the war and avoid another depression

USA set up military bases in Germany and Japan (still there today)