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Welcome to Group-A

Presentation Programme

Group Members… 

1. 08-7201

2. 08-72023. 08-7203

4. 08-7208

5. 08-7209

6. 08-72117. 08-7214

8. 08-7216

9. 08-7222

10. 08-7224

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World Trade Organization (WTO)

What is WTO?

Mottos?

Functions?

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What is WTO?

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an

organization that intends to supervise and

liberalize  international trade. The organizationofficially commenced on January 1, 1995 under

the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),

which commenced in 1948.

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File Facts of WTO

Items  Items 

Location  :  Geneva, Switzerland 

Established  :  1 January 1995 

Created by 

: 

Uruguay Round negotiations(1986-94)Membership  :  153 countries on 23 July 2008 

Budget   :  196 million Swiss francs for 2011 

Secretariat staff   :  640 

Head  :  Pascal Lamy (Director-General) 

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Functions of WTO

• Administering WTO trade agreements

• Forum for trade negotiations

• Handling trade disputes

• Monitoring national trade policies

• Technical assistance and training for

developing countries

• Cooperation with other internationalorganizations

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International Monetary Fund (IMF)

What is IMF?

Mottos?

Functions?

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International Monetary Fund (IMF)

The IMF, also known as the “Fund,” was conceived at a United

Nations conference convened in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire,

United States, in July 1944. The 44 governments represented at that

conference.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) works to foster international

monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate

international trade, promote high employment and sustainable

economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. Created in

1945, the IMF is governed by and accountable to the 187 countries

that make up its near-global membership.

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File Facts of IMFItems  Items 

Entered into force  :  December 27, 1945 (66 years ago) 

Type  :  International Economic Organization

Headquarters  :  Washington, D.C. United States

Membership  :  185 Nations (Founding); 187 Nations (To Date)

Official languages  :  English, French, and Spanish 

Managing Director  :  Christine Lagarde,

Main organ  :  Board of Governors

Website  :  http://www.imf.org 

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Aims/Functions of IMF

Original Aims of IMF

Article-I of the Articles of Agreement sets out the IMF’s main goals:-

1. promoting international monetary cooperation;2. facilitating the expansion and balanced growth of internationaltrade;3. promoting exchange stability;4. assisting in the establishment of a multilateral system of 

payments; and5. making resources available (with adequate safeguards) tomembers experiencing balance of payments difficulties

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UNCTAD

What is UNCTAD?

Mottos?

Functions?

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UNCTAD

The United Nations Conference on

Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was

established in 1964 as a permanentintergovernmental body. It is the

principal organ of the United Nations

General Assembly dealing with trade,

investment, and development issues.

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File Facts of UNCTAD

1. Currently, UNCTAD has 193 member States

2. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

3. Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi, from1 September 2005 to

present (Thailand)4. UNCTAD has 400 staff members

5. An annual regular budget of approximately US$50

million and US$25 million of extra budgetary technical

assistance funds.

6. It is also a member of the United Nations Development

Group.

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Meetings of UNCTAD

UNCTAD XIII will be held in Doha, Qatar in 2012

UNCTAD XII was held in Accra, Ghana in 21 –25 April 2008

UNCTAD XI was held in São Paulo, Brazil in 13 –18 June 2004

UNCTAD X was held in Bangkok, Thailand in 12 –19 February2000

UNCTAD IX was held in Midrand, South Africa in 27 April – 11

May 1996

UNCTAD VIII was held in Cartagena, Colombia in 8 –25February 1992

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Reports published by UNCTAD

Reports

UNCTAD produces a number of topical reports, including:

The Trade and Development Report

The Trade and Environment ReviewThe World Investment Report

The Economic Development in Africa Report

The Least Developed Countries Report

UNCTAD StatisticsThe Information Economy Report

The Review of Maritime Transport

The International Accounting and Reporting Issues Annual Review

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Unilever

What is Unilever?

File Facts

Other different aspects… 

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Unilever

Unilever is a British –Dutch multinational fast-moving consumer goods company. Itsproducts include foods, beverages, cleaningagents and personal care products. It is theworld's third-largest consumer goods

company measured by revenues (afterProcter & Gamble and Nestlé) and theworld's largest maker of ice cream.

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File Facts of UnileverName  :  Unilever PLC 

Type 

: 

Public limited company Traded as  :  Fast moving consumer goods 

Founded  :  1930

Headquarters  :  Unilever House 

London, United Kingdom 

Rotterdam, The Netherlands Area served  :  Worldwide

Key people  :  Michael Treschow (Chairman)

Paul Polman (CEO) 

Revenue :  €44.262 billion (2010)

Operating income :  €6.339 billion (2010) 

Net income :  €4.598 billion (2010)

Employees :  163,000 (2010) 

Website :  http://unilever.com 

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Unilever

Products Unilever owns more than 400 brands, although its 25 largest brandsaccount for over 70% of total sales.

Unilever's current brands include: Aviance  Axe/Lynx  Ben & Jerry's Blue Band  Dove  Flora/Becel Heartbrand  Hellmann‘s  Knorr Lipton  Lux / Radox Omo/Surf  Rexona/Sure  Wish-Bone  Sunsilk Toni & Guy  TRESemmé  VO5 

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Walmart

What is Walmart?

File Facts

Other different aspects… 

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What it is?

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., branded as Walmart since2008 and Wal-Mart before then, is an Americanpublic  multinational corporation that runs chains of 

large discount department stores and warehousestores. The company is the world's 18th largestpublic corporation, according to the Forbes Global2000 list, and the largest public corporation when

ranked by revenue. It is also the biggest privateemployer in the world with over 2 millionemployees, and is the largest retailer in the world.

Fil F

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File FactsWal-Mart Stores, Inc. 

Type  Public Traded as  NYSE: WMT 

Dow Jones Industrial Average Component  Industry  Retailing Founded  1962 (1962) Founder(s)  Sam Walton 

Headquarters 

Bentonville, Arkansas, United States 

36°21′51″N 094

°12′59″W / 36.36417

°N 94.21639

°W / 36.36417; -94.21639 

Number of locations  8,970 (2011)  Area served  Worldwide 

Key people 

S. Robson Walton (Chairman)Mike Duke 

(President and CEO) Revenue  US$ 421.849 billion (2011) Divisions  Walmart Canada 

Subsidiaries 

Walmex Asda Sam's Club Seiyu Group 

Website  walmart stores.com walmart.com 

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Walmart Stores in the USA: A real figure

Map of Wal-Mart stores in the U.S., as of August 2010

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GM

What is GM?

File Facts

Other different aspects of GM… 

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What it is?

General Motors Company, commonly known as GM, formerly incorporated 

(until 2009) as General MotorsCorporation, is an Americanmultinational  automotive corporation

headquartered in Detroit, Michigan andthe world's largest automaker, by sales,in 2011.

Fil F t

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File Facts

Type  Public 

Industry  Automotive 

Predecessor(s) General Motors Corporation 

(1908-2009) 

Founded  September 16, 1908 

Founder(s)  Leroy Dundy 

Headquarters  Renaissance Center; Detroit, Michigan; USA 

Area served  Worldwide 

Key people  Leroy Dundy, Chairman and CEO 

Products Automobiles

Financial Services 

Revenue  US$ 135.592 billion (2010)

Divisions  Chevrolet ; Buick ; Cadillac; GMC 

Subsidiaries 

ACDelco; GM Components Holdings LLC;

Harrison Radiator; Delco electronics Kokomo

Ind.; OnStar; Adam Opel AG 

Website  www.gm.com 

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World Rank of GM

Top 3 Automakers Global, 2010 

Group  Units  Share 

Toyota  8,557,351  11.0% 

G.M.  8,476,192  10.9% 

Volkswagen  7,341,065  9.4% 

Top 3 automakers 2010 by global volume, based on OICA data. Market share

based on OICA 2010 global total of 77,743,862 

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Brand of GM

Brand  Year  Markets 

Buick  1903 North America, China,

Taiwan, Israel 

Cadillac 1902 North America, Europe,

Asia, Middle East, Africa 

GMC 1901 North America, Middle

East  

Chevrolet  1911  Global 

Vauxhall 1925  United Kingdom 

Opel 1929 Global, except North

America, United Kingdom 

Holden 1948  Australia, New Zealand 

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TOYOTA

Toyota Motor Corporation, abbreviatedas TMC, is a multinational  automaker 

headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan.In 2010, Toyota employed 317,734people worldwide, and was the world's

largest automobile manufacturer byproduction.

Fil F t f TOYOTA

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File Facts of TOYOTA

Toyota Motor Corporation

Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki-gaisha 

トヨタ自動車株式会社 

Type  Public company 

Industry 

Automotive 

Robotics 

Financial services 

Founded  August 28, 1937 Founder(s)  Kiichiro Toyoda 

Headquarters  Toyota, Aichi, Japan 

 Area served  Worldwide 

Key people Fujio Cho (Chairman)

Akio Toyoda (President ) 

Products Automobiles

Financial Services 

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Production output   7,308,039 units (FY2011)

Revenue 

¥18.99 trillion (FY2011) (US$235.89

billion)

Employees  317,734 (2010)

Parent   Toyota Group 

Divisions  Lexus 

Scion 

Subsidiaries 

522 (Toyota Group) 

Hino Motors, Ltd. 

Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. 

Toyota Financial Services 

DENSO 

Toyota Industries 

Fuji Heavy Industries (16.5%) 

Website  www.toyota.com 

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TOYOTA’s world rank 

In 2010, the Toyota ranked first in units produced globally, with 8.6million units. (Market share based on OICA 2010 global total of 77,743,862). For the first half of 2011, Toyota had fallen to thirdplace, with GM first and Volkswagen second. The OICA list is usuallypublished in late July or early August of the following year.

Top 3 Automakers Global, OICA, 2010 

Group  Units  % Share 

Toyota  8,557,351  11.0 

GM  8,476,192  10.9 

Volkswagen  7,341,065  9.4 

W ld id P

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Worldwide Presence

Geographic region Total sales ( Yen in

millions) 

Japan  8,152,884 

North America  8,771,495 

Europe  3,346,013 

 Asia  1,969,957 

Others  1,707,742 

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SAARC: What it is?

The South Asian Association for RegionalCooperation (SAARC) is an organisation of  SouthAsian nations, founded in December 1985 by Ziaur

Rahman and dedicated to economic, technological,social, and cultural development emphasisingcollective self -reliance. Its seven founding membersare Sri Lanka, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal,

Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Afghanistan joined theorganization in 2005.

Obj ti f SAARC

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Objectives of SAARC

to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their quality

of life;to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the

region and to provide all individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and to

realize their full potential;

to promote and strengthen selective self-reliance among the countries of South

Asia;to contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one another's

problems;

to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social,

cultural, technical and scientific fields;

to strengthen cooperation with other developing countries;

to strengthen cooperation among themselves in international forums on matters

of common interest; and

to cooperate with international and regional organisations with similar aims and

purposes.

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Member States of SAARC

Current members (alphabetically) 

Afghanistan 

Bangladesh 

Bhutan 

India 

Maldives 

Nepal 

Pakistan 

Sri Lanka 

Others 

South Africa has participated in meetings.

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Secretary Generals of SAARC

Name  Date of holding office 

Abul Ahsan January 16, 1987 to 15 October 1989 

Kishore Kant Bhargava October 17, 1989 to December 31, 1991 

Ibrahim Hussain Zaki January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1993 

Yadav Kant Silwal January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1995 

Naeem U. Hasan January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998 

Nihal Rodrigo January 1, 1999 to January 10, 2002 

Q.A.M.A. Rahim January 11, 2002 to February 28, 2005 

Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji March 1, 2005 to February 29, 2008 

Sheel Kant Sharma March 1, 2008 to February 28, 2011 

Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed March 1, 2011 to January 22,2012 

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NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement orNAFTA is an agreement signed by the governmentsof Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating atrilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement

came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada  – United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. In terms of combinedGDP of its members, as of 2010 the trade bloc is the

largest in the world.

Fil F f NAFTA

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File Facts of NAFTA Administrative center  Mexico City, Ottawa, and Washington, D.C. 

Membership  Canada 

Mexico United States 

Establishment  

Formation  January 1, 1994

 Area 

Total  21,783,850 km2 (1st )

8,410,792 sq miWater (%)  7.4 

Population 

2010 estimate  457,284,932 (3rd) 

Density  25.1/km2 (195th)

54.3/sq mi 

GDP (PPP)  2010 (IMF) estimate 

Total  $17,617.989 billion (1st ) 

Per capita  $38,527 (14th) 

GDP (nominal)  2010 (IMF) estimate 

Total  $17,271.000 billion (1st ) 

Per capita  $37,769 (21st ) 

E U i

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European Union

Founded: 1st November, 1993

European Union (EU), previously known as European Community

(EC), was an effort of Maastricht Contract which had been held on

February, 1992.

Official Language of EU: 23 languages

Member Countries: 27

Namely , Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, France, Germany, Italy,

Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Greece, Spain, Sweden, Finland,

Austria, Britain, Estonia, Check Republic, Cyprus, Slovenia, Malta,Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Rumania.

Headquarter: Brussels, Belgium

ASEAN

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ASEANFull Name: Association of South East Asian Nations

Founded: 8th August, 1967

Headquarter: Jakarta, Indonesia

Member: 10 countries

Namely, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia,Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia.

ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is a regional cooperation branch of 

the ASEAN. It was established on 25th July, 1994. Number of member countries is 27. Bangladesh is the 26th member country of ARF. The 27th member country of ARF is Sri Lanka (1 August, 2007).

Present Secretary General: Dr. Surin Pitsuan, Thailand (1st January,

2008 to present)

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Thanks for being

with us.