Assignment: Read Chapter 4: Variations in the Physical Environment Next week ONLY: Monday AM lab =...
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Transcript of Assignment: Read Chapter 4: Variations in the Physical Environment Next week ONLY: Monday AM lab =...
Assignment: Read Chapter 4:Variations in the Physical EnvironmentNext week ONLY: Monday AM lab = Tues 5-8 Monday PM lab = Wed 5-8Please turn cell phones off + put away. 1st row seats = saved for later-comers…
OBJECTIVES• What are large-scale distributions of plant
life forms?• aquatic• terrestrial• What is the proximal cause of their
distribution?• How does climate differ among biomes?• Whittaker’s scheme• Walter’s climagrams• Do form and function converge in regions
with similar climate?
Concept Map… *** Which physical factor separates habitats?
A water availability B movement of water USE EACH ONCE C medium of gas exchange D amount of salinity
Biome
Terrestrial Aquatic
Wetlands Desert Freshwater Marine
Rivers Lakes
1
2
3
4
River continuumDownstream drift
High gradient vs.Low gradient
River: where precipitation > evaporation
Lakes can be poor or rich in nutrients.
Oligotrophic Eutrophic
Limnology = study of freshwater habitats
The terrestrial-aquatic interface
rocky freshwater estuary marine
woody herbaceous woody herbaceous
swamp bog/fen marsh mangrove salt marsh
tropical temperate
Another concept map…
Concept map *** What 4 variables distinguish biomes?
Herbaceous/graminoids Shrubs Trees (grasses, sedges)
Shrublands Forests Grasslands Deserts
Tundra Evergreen Deciduous
Conifers Broadleaf Temperate Trop.
Temperate Tropical
Biome: a major type of terrestrial community categorized by its 1) dominant plant form, 2) seasonality of leaves, 3) leaf morphology, 4) location.
Tropical rain forestTropical seasonal (deciduous) forest / savannaSubtropical desertWoodland/shrublandTemperate rain forestTemperate seasonal (deciduous) forestTemperate grasslandBoreal forest (taiga)Tundra
***Review of major biomes…(write these down)
***Write down the letter that corresponds to the name of the biome:
Pictures not in this PP…go to book to see them.
A Tropical rain forestB Tropical seasonal forest/savannaC Subtropical desertD Woodland/shrubland Temperate rain forestE Temperate grassland/desert F Temperate seasonal forest G Boreal forestH Tundra
Answers
H Tropical rain forestG Tropical seasonal forest/savannaF Subtropical desertD Woodland/shrublandI Temperate rain forestC Temperate seasonal forestE Temperate grasslandB Boreal forestA Tundra
Answers
***Proximate/functional approach…
• What is the major factor determining biomes?
• In one sentence: Why isn’t there a single biome for the
earth?
Most species have limited tolerance; hence small ranges and biomes develop.
***In one sentence: Compare the ranges of birds/plants.
Climate is the major determinant of plantdistributions. Other factors are soil, fire, grazing, topography.
Walter’s climate diagrams allow comparisons among localities.
20 mm monthly rainFor each 10ºC in temp= enough water for growth
(wherever precip line is above temp line)
growing season
Climatic zones and biomes separated first on basis oftemperature, then precipitation and its seasonality.
Boreal + polar climate zones:average annual T=< 5C
Each climate zone has a typical seasonal pattern of temperature and precipitation.
When is itsdry season?
Prediction: then unrelated organisms in similar environments will evolve similar form and function = Convergent evolution
Mexico Kenya
Example of exam question…A. Which biome would occur in each climate?
B. What is the limiting climatic factor(s) for each biome?
C. Where is each biome located in the Western (New World) and Eastern (Old World) hemisphere? Put letters on map.
OBJECTIVES• What are large-scale distributions of plant
life forms?• aquatic• terrestrial• What is the proximal cause of their
distribution?• How does climate differ among biomes?• Whittaker’s scheme• Walter’s climagrams• Do form and function converge in regions
with similar climate?
Chapter 5 Biological Communities: The Biome Concept
biomes* growth form forbsecological tolerances edaphic optimumspecializations specialists generalistsclimate zone growing season prairiessteppes rhizomes sclerophylloustaiga permafrost canopyemergent trees understory lianasepiphytes streams rifflespools allochthonous riparian zoneautochthonous river continuum lakeslittoral zone limnetic zone benthic zoneestuaries littoral zone zonationneritic oceanic zone benthic zonephotic zone aphotic zone coral reefs
Vocabulary