Assignment Point - Assignment point is a document …€¦ · Web viewThis study helps to conclude...
72
0 Submitted by WWW.ASSIGNMENTPOINT.COM www.AssignmentPoint.com
Transcript of Assignment Point - Assignment point is a document …€¦ · Web viewThis study helps to conclude...
0
Submitted by
WWW.ASSIGNMENTPOINT.COM
www.AssignmentPoint.com
1
Definition of ‘fast food’ may vary from person to person. For some people fast food means anything that
is cooked outside of the house. Some think fast foods are foods which are generally high in salt, fat, and
refined carbohydrates and low in vitamins and minerals. Many people say that fast foods mean simply the
American lifestyles (Consumer Behavior in Fast Food Industry, n.d.).
The study was conducted in International University of Business Agriculture and
Technology (IUBAT) and slums of Uttara, Sector # 10, community to explore the thinking of
this community about consumption of fast food. The study is based on the semi structured
interview conducted among the participants. 30 students from IUBAT and 30 people from slum
community of Uttara, Sector # 10 were interviewed. The age group of the participants was
between 18-25 years. I conducted the interview in free time of the participants and collected the
required information. It was found that people are knowingly taking these fast foods just because they
do not have time to cook foods at home and the fast foods are simply delicious in taste and quick in
service. No any variation was found both in practice and perception in context to gender or religion.
Economic status makes a great difference in the food we take. Socio-economic changes
in many developing countries are contributing to the flourishing of fast food industries
(Faruque et al, 2010). Eating fast food is like a fashion for the younger generation. They eat
it to enjoy and have fun as well as it saves time. Slum people eat fast foods as they see others
eating. They said that they saved money for many days so that they can eat outside home. Most
of the time they eat it in compulsion to save their time from work. The educated individuals
including university students have the updated knowledge about the effects of fast foods in our
daily life. Educated people are conscious about the fats and calorie contained in fast foods while
slum people even do not know what is ‘calorie’. Although some of them know about the fat
contained they do not care to see it.
People should be educated in public about the negative effects the fatty foods can have. If
we can control the intake of fast foods then only we can assure that the future will be free from
chronic diseases like asthma, diabetes, and hypertension
Table of Contents
www.AssignmentPoint.com
2
Prefatory Parts
Title Fly 1
Title Page 2
Letter of Transmittal 3
Student Declaration 4
Acknowledgement 5
Internship Clinical Experience at CWCH 6
Executive Summary 8
Internship Certificate
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Empirical Part
1.0 Introduction1.0.1 Community Overview 12
1.0.1.1 IUBAT 121.0.1.2 Uttara, Sector # 10 12
1.0.2 Scope of the study 13
2.0 Background2.0.1 Introduction to Topic 13
2.0.1.1 Profile of Bangladesh 142.0.1.2 Definition 14
2.0.2 Literature Review 152.0.3 Rationale and Justification 17
3.0 Research Purpose and Objectives3.0.1 The purpose of the study 183.0.2 Specific Objectives 183.0.3 Research question 19
4.0 Methodology4.0.1 Study design 194.0.2 Study setting 194.0.3 Study population 194.0.4 Sample size and selection 19
4.0.4.1 Research Assistants 20
www.AssignmentPoint.com
3
4.0.5 Data collection time frame 205.0 Methods
5.0.1 Definition of Variables 215.0.2 Data Collection Methods 21
5.0.2.1.1 In-depth Interviews 215.0.3 Data Management and analysis 215.0.4 Dissemination of findings 21
6.0 Ethical Clearance6.0.1 Confidentiality 226.0.2 Informed Consent 236.0.3 Risk and benefits 23
7.0 Strengths 248.0 Limitations 24
9.0 Research Timeline 25
10.0Results 25
10.0.1 Practice of Fast Food Intake
10.0.1.1 How often do they eat fast food? 25
10.0.1.2 What time of the day do they eat fast food? 26
10.0.1.3 What fast foods do they eat? 26
10.0.1.4 Which is the favorite place to eat these foods? 27
10.0.1.5 Do they eat in road side stalls? 28
10.0.1.6 What food do they eat in road side stalls? 28
10.0.2 Perception of Fast Food Intake
10.0.2.1 What is fast food? 28
10.0.2.2 Why do you eat fast food? 30
10.0.2.3 Why do you buy/eat from that particular place? 31
10.0.2.4 Is there benefit to eating fast food? 32
10.0.2.5 Is there negative effect to eating fast food? 32
10.0.2.6 What do you like most about fast foods? 32
www.AssignmentPoint.com
4
10.0.2.7 Are you concerned about the calories/fat when you eat fast food?
10.0.2.8 Do you find the price of fast food reasonable? 33
10.0.2.9 Does fast food have any effect on your health? 33
10.0.3 Fast Food consumption inside IUBAT premises
10.0.3.1 Do they eat ‘fast food’ from IUBAT cafeteria? 34
10.0.3.2 What are the common items they eat? 34
10.0.3.3 How often do they take? 34
10.0.3.4 What time of the day do they take ‘fast food’? 34
10.0.3.5 Are you conscious about calorie contained? 35
10.0.3.6 Do you find the price of ‘fast food’ reasonable? 35
10.0.3.7 Have you faced any effects on health after eating this food? 35
10.0.3.8 Do you have any comments about the ‘fast food’ provided here?35
11.0 Discussion:
11.0.1 Practice of Fast Food Intake 36
11.0.2 Perception of Fast Food Intake 38
Supplementary Part
12.0 Recommendation 40
13.0 Conclusion 40
14.0 References 42
Appendix I (Consent Form)
Appendix II (Survey Questions)
Appendix III (NIH Certificate)
Appendix IV (Definition of key concepts)
Appendix V (List of Tables)
www.AssignmentPoint.com
5
1.0 Introduction
1.0.1 Community Overview
1.0.1.1 IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
IUBAT is the first Non-government University of Bangladesh which was established on
January 16, 1991. It has a permanent campus on 5.5 acres of land and is currently situated in 4
Embankment Drive Road, sector#10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh. It was
approved under the Non- Government University Act of 1992 and 1998. The university was
founded by Prof. Dr. M. Alimullah Miyan.
Mission of IUBAT is “Human resources development through appropriate teaching,
training, and guidance as well as creation of knowledge conducive to socio-agro-economic
development of developing societies in general and of Bangladesh in particular”.
The university is internationally linked with 60 universities in Europe, America, Canada,
Australia, Asia and Africa (IUBAT Bulletin, 2010). IUBAT is an English medium university and
students are strictly asked to speak in English inside university campus. The programs run at
IUBAT are MBA, BBA, BCSE, BSCE, BSEEE, BSME, BAEcon, BSAg, BSN, BATHM, DCSE
and professional diplomas in accounting. IUBAT is situated on the bank of holy river Turag from
where can be captured a panoramic view of the holy Isthema ground. The university has various
facilities like transportation, advanced computer lab, well equipped lab of every departments and
a library with various collection of books (IUBAT Bulletin, 2010).
1.0.1.2 Uttara, Sector # 10, Dhaka
Uttara is a Thana of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The name Uttara was derived from
the Bengali word ‘Uttor’, which means north. It lies on the road to Gazipur and adjoins Shahjalal
International Airport (Khan, 1994). Uttara is a residential area, having an area of 36.91 sq. km.
There are fourteen different sectors in Uttara. Among which Sector # 10 is one of them. There is
not any official authority under municipality in Sector # 10. But, there is a People Welfare office
situated, which looks after the problems of people of Sector # 10. But this office does not fall
www.AssignmentPoint.com
6
under any government body. According to the information provided by this office there are many
slum houses that reside on the bank of Turag River that runs along Uttara Sector # 10. But there
is not any official record for this. The people living in the slums change their place frequently
due to many reasons as natural calamities (flood), no money to stay, the land is occupied by
some other bodies like construction companies Approximately, there are more than 500 families
residing in slums around Sector # 10, Uttara (People welfare office, 2010).
1.0.2 Scope of the study
The scope of this research is limited to Slums of Uttara, Sector # 10, Dhaka and
International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT). I have just
conducted a preliminary study in these areas to know about the consumption of fast food by
these people in their daily life. In future, the findings from the research can be used to formulate
different strategies to uplift the health of individuals.
2.0 Background
2.0.1 Introduction to Topic
Studies have shown that with the consumptions of fast food, people are more likely to
have health effects like obesity ( Li,2002, Bowman & Vinyard, 2004, Leeds Childhood Obesity
Prevention and Weight Management Strategy, 2006, Bowman et.al., n.d., Grier et.al., 2007)
heart diseases(Fast food and Heart Disease, n.d.) ,asthma (Breaking News24/7, 2009), stroke
(Steenhuysen, 2009), type2 diabetes( Grace et.al.,2008). Mostly adolescents and adults are found
to be affected by the fast foods. According to Transtheoritcal Model, behavior change is a
process that occurs in the stages with people moving through different stages in a very specific
sequence as they change. Consumption of fast food has become a behavior for the people so if
they want to change or stay away from it they have to go through different change stages
(Hayden, n.d.).
We can observe that the perception and practice of people are not going along. The
reasons behind it are the advanced generation that perceives fast food as smarter, as part of
having fun, family influences which means the family consumes the fast food as their dietary
pattern. Also, mass media has a great influence among people where role models are shown
www.AssignmentPoint.com
7
taking fast food and having good body figure (Dickson & Nicole, 2009). It is also found that
with slow or fast music in a restaurant customers are attracted to the restaurant and spend more
money on food, although they spent significantly more on drinks (Meiselman & MacFie, n.d.).
2.0.1.1 Profile of Bangladesh
Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, is busy and highly populated city with many more
advanced facilities than other parts of the Bangladesh. Schools, colleges and universities are
found to be more in number here. People here are very busy and always in rush (Consumer
Behavior in Fast Food Industry, n.d.). They do not have time to prepare healthy meals because
they believe that preparation of healthy foods require long hours. They are simply too tired at the
end of the day to prepare meals with good nutrition and suitable caloric value (Consumer
Behavior in Fast Food Industry, n.d.). We can see many restaurants and fast foods shops around
the city. It is found to be very easy to buy foods from outside from any fast foods shops for many
families (Does fast food mean fat food, 2008). It has become a part of their life.
“In Dhaka city for street vendors there is no policy that shows that street foodVending can also be understood as a means of employment. Street food vending is not regulated in Bangladesh but operates haphazardly without any systematic monitoring system (Faruque et al, 2010).” In study conducted by Faruque et al (Faruque et al, 2010 it was found that most of the vending shops (68%) were located on the footpath irrespective of areas surveyed and 30% vending carts were placed near the drain and 18% near the sewerage.
In Bangladesh, this fast food culture started in the late eighties (Consumer Behavior in
Fast Food Industry, n.d.). Day by day the intake of fast food is increasing and fast food places are
getting popular. It can be easily estimated by the establishment of many fast food shops around
Dhaka city.
2.0.1.2 Definition
Definition of Fast Food may vary from person to person. For some people fast foods
mean anything that is cooked outside of the house. Some think fast foods are foods which are
generally high in salt, fat, and refined carbohydrates and low in vitamins and minerals. Many
www.AssignmentPoint.com
8
people say that fast foods mean simply the American lifestyles (Consumer Behavior in Fast Food
Industry, n.d.). Some say fast foods are meal with high saturated fat and low quality
carbohydrates, white bread and lots of soda and low fiber content. It is also believed that fast
foods represent a dietary pattern that is the opposite of what is recommended for a healthy body
(Freiboth, n.d).
For my study, the fast foods are any ready made foods that are served by fast foods shops
like Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), American Fried Chicken (AFC), A&W, PIZZA HUT,
PIZZA END, Fortune Fried Chicken (FFC), California Fried Chicken (CFC, McDonalds. The
items include sandwich, burger, fried chickens, combo servings, cold drinks, fries, pizza and
many more fat items. As my study population is slum area too, I have considered the readymade
food available in shops like packed biscuits, chips, and local items like singara, samocha, chop
which contain high fatty oils too as the fast food for my study.
2.0.2 Literature Review
A study conducted in India showed that many youngsters visit fast food shops for having
fun and change. Although they gave preference for taste and nutritional values followed by
hygiene, they felt that home made food is much better than food served at fast food centres
(Goyal, 2007). “Street foods vendors assure food security for low-income urban populations and provide a livelihood for a large number of workers who would otherwise be unable to establish a business for want of capital” (Faruque et al, 2010). But, it has also been recognized that street- food vendors are often poor, uneducated and lack the safe food practices in context of Bangladesh (Faruque et al, 2010).
Fuzhong Li and his colleagues from Oregon Research Institute (ORI) have published a
research article through the American Journal of Epidemiology which states that a high density
of fast food outlets is associated with an increase of 3 pounds in weight and 0.8 inches in waist
circumference among neighborhood residents who frequently ate at restaurants (Li, 2002). The
researchers followed a sample of 1200 local residents’ ages 50-75 years old over a three year
period using anthropometric and survey measures (body weight, perceptions etc). Researchers
believe that those who are having fast food will gain weight and it will lead them to obesity. The
study can not be compared with mine as my study is between the age group 18-25 years of age
www.AssignmentPoint.com
9
and also I did not do any anthropometric assessments. Also, my study was just a short interview
with some questions.
Bowman & Vinyard in 2004 did a study among 20 years and older in U.S. The study was
done to find out how and where people are eating. They compared results from two U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) surveys that were done 5 years apart. Those surveys showed
that consumption of fast food has increased from 16% to 25%. They had higher body mass index
than people who did not eat fast food and were more likely to be overweight. The study can be
an example that fast food consumption can lead to overweight. Hence, people should be aware of
the items they eat when eating fast food.
In one of the researches done by Bowman et al, it was found that obesity increases with
the consumption of fast food (Dickson & Nicole, 2009).The result showed that fast food
consumption was highly prevalent in both genders, all racial/ethnic and regions of the country.
Children who ate fast food compared with those who did not eat fast food consume more total
energy and had poorer diet quality on days with compared with children who did not eat fast
food. There are lots of causes for overweight and obesity, among which high intake of energy
dense foods (fast foods) is one (Leeds Childhood Obesity Prevention and Weight Management
Strategy, 2006).
“Food Marketing to Children and Health” study done by Katherine L. Denlinger, 2008 as
a course requirement had revealed the negative effects of food marketing to children. The health
of children and youth in the United States has greatly declined over the past few decades.
Around the whole many countries are experiencing high rates of childhood obesity. It has been
found that many individuals who are obese as children are also obese as adults. One study found
that about a third of obese preschool children and a half of obese school-age children become
obese adults and this obesity has many negative affects including medical, emotional, and social
consequences (Denlinger, 2008).
Clare et al in their study “Prevention of type 2 diabetes in British Bangladeshis:
qualitative study of community, religious, and professional perspectives” have found that one of
the ways to prevent diabetes is by adopting healthy lifestyles which is done by staying away
from the high sugar and fat foods(Grace et al,2008). This study helps to conclude that without
www.AssignmentPoint.com
10
consuming fast food we can prevent ourselves from diabetes, which is a chronic disease. The
study done by Kozyrskyz on “Fast-food negates anti asthma benefits of breastfeeding” suggests
that the prevalence of fast food can increase twitchy airways and wheezing leading to asthma
(Taragana, 2009).
Fast foods are also the cause of heart disease and stroke. At the American Stroke
Associations International Stroke Conference, study done by Morgenstern and colleagues in the
year 2003 was presented, which had showed that the relative stroke rose one percent for each
fast-food restaurant. During that time residents suffered a total of 1,247 ischemic strokes caused
by blocked artery that obstructs the blood flow to the brain (Steenhuysen, 2009). They found that
fast food have high amount of fat which flow in the blood and accumulates in the blood vessels
with increasing year and creates a difficulty in the blood flow and leads to stroke.
Not much research has been done among the age group specifically 18-25 years about the
consumption of fast food. Moreover, In Bangladesh no any specific research has been done
regarding the perception and practice of fast food among people.
2.0.3 Rationale and Justification
I could not find any research done before under this topic in Bangladesh. However many
researches were done and have been doing in other countries like the United States, the United
Kingdom, Denmark, Canada, Australia. Most of the web sites are filled with the researches and
articles written by European countries regarding the negative health effects of fast foods.
Actually these fast foods are the foods that are served in European and American continents and
gradually it has entered inside the developing countries like Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is a developing country. So, the government is more concerned about the
development of infrastructures like health, education, supply of clean drinking water. The main
responsibility of the country is to fulfill the nutritional requirement and make the health services
access to each individual. People think that the establishment of fast foods shops as a part of
development because these are mostly found in developed countries. So, at this moment the
country as well is not bothering about the fast food consumptions and its bad effects in the health
of individual. When the condition will be more serious and prevalence of obesity, heart diseases,
www.AssignmentPoint.com
11
stroke, and diabetes will be seen dramatically risen then only this topic will get more attention
from the researchers and the government as well.
As a nurse, I have studied that consumption of fast foods can lead to many diseases. In
hospitals we have to face many patients of obesity, heart diseases, asthma and diabetes. In fact
every educated individual know that the consumption of fast foods is bad for health but still they
want to have it in their diets. So, awareness programs should be conducted in the community.
Serious steps should be taken in order to save the community from side effects of fast foods.
Therefore, I would like to conduct a preliminary small study which explores the perceptions and
practice of people about the fast food intake. This topic is a public health concern. If not treated
in time we may very soon have lots of obese adults with chronic diseases like heart diseases,
stroke, asthma and diabetes. In this case, findings from my study can be used for the patient
teaching in the hospital setting during discharge planning as well as in the community setting.
Hence, this study can be of great use.
3.0 Research Purpose and Objectives
3.0.1 The purpose of the Study
The main purpose of my study is to explore the thinking of the people regarding the fast
food consumption and how do they practice eating these foods. The study will try to find out
whether or not there is relation between fast food consumption and economic and educational
status of people.
3.0.2 Specific Objectives
The specific objectives of my study are as follows:
To find out the definition of ‘fast food’ from the people living in Slums of Uttara,
Sector # 10, Dhaka and IUBAT students
To find out the food items that most of the people eat as ‘fast food’
To find out ‘how much people are cautious about the fat and calorie contained in ‘fast
food’
To explore people’s thinking regarding ‘fast food’
To find out ‘why people eat fast food’
www.AssignmentPoint.com
12
To find out people’s thinking regarding the fast foods places and the service provided
To see if there are any differences in the way slums and IUBAT students perceive fast
food
To find out recommendations from among IUBATians in order to improve the status
of food provided in the IUBAT cafeteria
3.0.3 Research question
How do the students of IUBAT and slum population of Uttara, Sector # 10, Dhaka think and act
regarding intake of fast food?
4.0 Methodology
4.0.1 Study design
Both quantitative and qualitative study designs has been used in the study which makes it
mixed study. My interview consisted of semi-structured questions. Some questions explored
feelings and perceptions regarding this topic. Some questions evaluated the situation and
condition for this topic which makes the study mixed.
4.0.2 Study setting
The study took place at IUBAT, International University of Business Agriculture and
Technology, 4-Embankment Drive Road, Sector # 10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230,
Bangladesh. Students were interviewed from the various places inside IUBAT premises. I also
involved slum population from Uttara, Sector # 10, Dhaka.
4.0.3 Study population
My study population is the IUBAT students and the population living in the slums of
Uttara, Sector # 10, Dhaka. Age group for my study is between 18-25 years.
4.0.4 Sample size and selection
I took 60 participants. I involved 30 IUBAT students where male and female students
were of equal number and 30 participants of age group 18-25 years from the slum area. For
selecting my participants from IUBAT, I selected various places. For example, I stood at the
www.AssignmentPoint.com
13
entrance of the IUBAT, library. I selected every 3rd student who came out from the library. I
talked with them about the objectives of my research. Once they agreed to participate I continued
my interview with them. Once I had finished interviewing that client then again I stood at the
door and start counting from beginning and choose the 3rd person to come out from library. If
the chosen participant refused to participate then I picked up the one who came out right after
that participant. I took my sample in a similar way from the lakeside entrance gate of IUBAT. I
also talked with those students sitting in the IUBAT playground or lakeside arena. I talked with
them about the objectives of my research and after they agreed to participate I continued my
interview with them.
For selecting the participants from the slum, I walked in the slum community of Uttara,
Sector # 10, and talked with the elderly people or leader of the community about my research.
After getting their permission, I talked with people of age group between 18-25 years about the
objectives of my research. If they agreed to participate, I presented a consent form and proceed
with my interview. I went on similarly until I got my saturated sample size. In my research, I
have tried my best to minimize the bias.
4.0.4.1 Research assistants
I personally put up a notice at the IUBAT’s display board and invited for the volunteer to
my study. I conducted the series of discussion with them and made sure that they have little idea
about public health and are interested to assist me in my research. I also saw if they had the
understanding level of the local spoken language so that it facilitates me in my research.
Research assistant accompanied me during my research. He helped me take consent with the
participants and create a healthy environment for taking my interview. But the whole interviews
were taken by me.
4.0.5 Data collection time frame
The timeframe for my whole research study was 2 months that is from first week of
March 2011 to the end of April 2011. For the first month I was doing my data collection task
and rest month was used for writing final report of my study.
www.AssignmentPoint.com
14
5.0 Methods
5.0.1 Definition of Variables
Perceptions means what people think about something, what are their feelings or views
regarding the something or some situations or how they take the thing. Perceptions have lots of
influences and effects on the people behaviors and in their daily activity life. It is measured as
negative/positive or good/bad (dictionary.com).
Practice means how much people act according to their thinking. As not all the time
people work according to their thinking (dictionary.com).
5.0.2 Data Collection Methods
In depth interviews was carried out among participants. Semi structured questionnaire
(Appendix II) was made regarding the consumption of fast food. I conducted my interviews on
the working days of the week until we assessed the sample size.
5.0.2.1 In-depth Interviews
In depth interviews was carried out among the participants in their free time. Participants
were asked series of questions in private and confidentially.
5.0.3 Data Management and analysis
My research assistant and I gathered the data. I have used the descriptive statistics like
chart, tables and frequency distribution to analyze and organize the collected information. This
will help to find the similarities and differences between the information collected and hence
compare my results. Data has been managed in my own computer and password protected .As
soon as the data analysis has been ended all the materials and the data obtained will be locked
inside a cabinet in the nursing office, IUBAT.
5.0.4 Dissemination of findings
Findings done from the study will be kept as Nursing research findings for course (NUR
490) for the partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program in International
www.AssignmentPoint.com
15
University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT). The research report will be made
available in the library of College of Nursing, IUBAT. If the participants wish to know the
results of the research, they will be provided with the information from findings at their own
expenses by making a request to the authority.
6.0 Ethical Clearance
For my study ethical clearance was provided by the IUBAT authority. Also, as per the
declaration of Helsinki as my research involves medical and human subjects, I have to be
accordance with it protecting health and rights of people. For conducting the research we have to
get a written permission from the concerned authority therefore I took a written permission from
the IUBAT authority. Also, I have successfully completed my certification on web-based
training course “Protecting Human Research Participants” conducted by the National Institutes
of Health (NIH) office of extramural Research. And, I have also completed a 3 credit course of
Nursing Research (NUR451), as part of course in my fourth year at the University from which I
have an idea about conducting the researches in the community.
Justice: Each participant has full right to understand that they can have their voluntary
decisions about being the part of study. Hence, can refuse their participation at anytime
during the study conducted.
Privacy: Right to privacy has been maintained by keeping anonymity in the data provided
by the participants. No participant has been identified with their name. We have not even
included their name in our report. Right to fair treatment was maintained. One of us
members was always available in case of any clearance required by the participant.
Autonomy and respect: Right to self-determination was respected. Participants had the full
right to ask questions, not to answer any one of the questions or terminate themselves from
the study at any time.
6.0.1 Confidentiality
Notes, journals, and interview forms have all been kept in a safe place. I conducted an
interview in a place where the participants felt free to share their views. All the data collected has
www.AssignmentPoint.com
16
been kept in the nursing office, IUBAT at the end of the study. I may ask the concerned
authorities to store data for the future reference. At the end of the study the original data must be
kept in a locked cabinet in the nursing office, IUBAT.
6.0.2 Informed Consent
My study involves the process of data collection by in-depth interview. Prior to the
interview every participant were provided consent form. When they agreed then I approached
and presented the informed consent forms to participants. This form was translated into Bengali
to facilitate the process. (Appendix I)
6.0.3 Risk and benefits
My study does not involve the use of any harmful procedures and offensive words. There
is no any physical harm concerned in my study. However, I was aware of the fact that some
participants may feel shame or feel bored to participate in the research as they also need to find
out some time for interview. Another risk may be that participant might think that I might
disclose their information with the concerned authority and hence may hesitate to participate.
Regarding benefits, there are no short term benefits for the clients but in the long term
many new ideas can be formulated from the findings. Some participants might feel good that
someone is concerned about the health and their problem connected with it. They may find it
interesting and exciting because they have something changed in their normal routine and is
being a part of a study. They might have satisfaction that their information is helping others. My
interview might also raise awareness regarding fast foods. They might think like as I am doing
the research there must be something very important issues or very serious problems related to
fast food. So, they themselves may be more concerned to get the knowledge about fast foods and
take the necessary steps to stay away from the fast foods consumptions.
But, I am not here doing this study for the purpose of improving their lifestyles or their
thinking. I am here just trying to find out their perception and practice of intake of fast food. The
benefits of this research are indirect and not only to the group that have participated but also
from them it can be passed to their family members and friends.
www.AssignmentPoint.com
17
The findings from this study might be taken in consideration by university and in future
university might assess the quality of fast food available inside and beside the university area and
hence will be helpful for all. This information collected can be used as a reference in future if
any further studies are carried out in these areas about the fast food intake.
7.0 Strengths
As I live in the same area Sector # 10, I know very well the direction of this area, so I
will not have any problem in conducting my research.
Also, an assistant will always accompany me whose presence will facilitate me to take
interview, as my mother language is not Bengali.
As IUBAT is the place where I study, I will not have any problem to adjust with the
physical environment during my study.
8.0 Limitations
The study is limited in its time frame. I conducted my study in six weeks. Had the time
been longer then there could have been many more findings from the study.
The study is limited within the slum population of Uttara, Sector # 10, Dhaka and the
IUBAT community.
I did not involve any anthropometric assessments in my survey. If I had included that part
then may be I could assess and compare the health risk of an individual.e.g. By
calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI).
As the students of IUBAT have good knowledge about fast food effect there is a chance
that they might not have provided me with the exact information that they actually
practice.
9.0 Research Timeline
The research time of my study was two months, from March 2011 to April 2011.
www.AssignmentPoint.com
18
10.0Results
Demographic data
Religion: Five male from slums were Hindu and ten were Muslim. One male of IUBAT
was Hindu and 14 were Muslim. Six female of slums were Hindu and nine were Muslim.
Four female of IUBAT were Hindu and 11 were Muslim.
Residence: All the participants from slum had their permanent home outside Dhaka city.
Ten female students of IUBAT stayed in mess and five stayed with their family. Six male
stayed with their family and nine male students stayed in mess with friends.
10.0.1 Practice of Fast Food Intake
10.0.1.1 How often do they eat fast food?
Frequency SLUM IUBAT
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Everyday 8 3 6 5
Twice a Day - - 1 1
2/3 times a week 3 2 2 2
4/5 times a week 2 3 1 2
Sometimes 2 2 3 3
When shopping - - 2 2
When money in hand - 5 - -
Table 1: Frequency of fast food intake
From the study it was seen that different people had different frequency of eating
fast food. Some of them ate everyday, even twice in a day, others 2/3 times in a week,
some greater than 3 times in a week. Some of them ate when they were out for shopping
or were with their friends. Some people from slum ate when they had money in their
hand.
www.AssignmentPoint.com
19
10.0.1.2 What time of the day do they eat fast food?
Here, the participants answered different options. These were as follows:
Time of the day IUBAT SLUM
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Morning 3 4 3
Afternoon 5 7 4
Evening 5 7 5 5
Before evening prayer 4
Not fix time 2 1 2 3
Table –2: Time table for taking fast food
From the above table, we can conclude that most of the participants ate fast food during
afternoon and evening time. Some of the participants from slum took fast food before evening
prayer as well. Some of them did not have any fix time of the day to eat fast food.
10.0.1.3 What fast foods do they eat?
To this question participants answered differently from slums and IUBAT.
Name of items IUBAT SLUM
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Pizza, burger, French fries, patties, noodles, sandwich,
11 9
Shingara/Samocha 4 6 2 2
Pyaju/ Baiguni 5 4
Tea 1 1
www.AssignmentPoint.com
20
Pan 1
Others ( Biscuits/Bread/
Roti)
4 4
Fruits 3 3
Table- 3: Name of fast food items
Most of the IUBAT students answered the fast food items like pizza, burger, fried
chicken, French fries, Patties, noodles, sandwich.Some of IUBATians answered Shingara, pyaju,
samocha. Slum people answered the food items like pyaju, Shingara, pan, tea, biscuits, bread,
roti. Some of the slums think fruits also as fast food.
10.0.1.4 Which is the favorite place to eat these foods?
Name of place IUBAT SLUM
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Fast food centers (e.g.
KFC, A&W, BFC etc.)
9 7
Nearby food stall 2 4 5 6
No specific favorites 4 4 10 9
Table 4: Name of fast food place
53.33% of IUBATians answered fast food centres like A&W, KFC, Bosundhara food
court, Star kabab, North Tower. 20% of IUBATians answered nearby food stall. 26.67% of
IUBATians did not have any specific favorites. 36.67% of Slum people answered nearby food
stall. 63.34% of slum people had no specific favorite place.
10.0.1.5 Do they eat in road side stalls?
SLUM IUBAT
Male Female Male Female
www.AssignmentPoint.com
21
n(15)
n(15) n(15)
n(15)
Yes 15 15 13 12
No 2 3
Table 5: No. of people eating in road side stalls
Almost all the people interviewed ate from road side stalls
100% participants from slums ate from road side stalls
83.34% of the participants from IUBAT ate in road side stall
16.66% of the participants from IUBAT never ate anything from road side stalls
10.0.1.6 What food do they eat in road side stalls?
SLUM IUBAT
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Chotpote/Fuska
Pyaju/Beguni
Jhalmuri
Achar
Roti/Biscuit
Others Aamra, Badam
Table 6: Name of food items from road stalls
Most IUBATians ate chotpote and Fuska. Some also ate pyaju, tea, jhalmuri,
badam and aamra as they reported
Slum people ate achar, jhalmuri, roti, biscuit, pyaju, beguni
10.0.2Perception of Fast Food Intake
www.AssignmentPoint.com
22
10.0.2.1 What is fast food?
Definition SLUM IUBAT
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Food that saves time 1 2 1
Fried foods/yummy foods 3 1 3
Modern food 2
Easily available food 4 3 1
Made by using lots of oil 2 4
Fun time foods 2 1
Dry foods/extra than regular
meal
1 1
Fatty food 1
Food prepared outside home 1 1
Junk food 2 4
Takes less time to prepare/
Has vitamins
4 5 1
Table 7: Definition of fast food
There was different definition of fast food given by the participants. These are as follows
Food that saves time=4
Fried foods=7
Modern food=2
Easily available foods=8
Made by using lots of oil=6
Fun time foods=3
Dry food=2
Fatty food=1
Food prepared outside home=2
Junk food=6
www.AssignmentPoint.com
23
Food that has vitamins=10
10.0.2.2 Why do you eat fast food?
Reasons
SLUMS IUBAT
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Like to eat 5 3 4 8
Satisfy hunger 3 2 4 2
Time pass 1
When hungry/easily
available/compulsion
1 3 2
To save time 3 2
When late to cook 1 3 1
When feel like eating
outside food
1 1
Seeing others eat, I
feel like eating
2 3
Addiction due to extra
ingredients
1
When no food at home 3 1
Table 8: Why do you eat fast food?
There were different reasons provided in response to this question. These
are as follows:
Like to eat=20
Satisfy hunger=11
Time pass=1
When hungry easily available=6
Addiction due to extra ingredients=1
www.AssignmentPoint.com
24
To save time=5
When late to cook=5
When feels like to eat outside=2
Seeing others eat I feel like eating=5
When no food at home=4
10.0.2.3 Why do you buy/eat from that particular place?
Reasons
SLUM IUBAT
Male n(15) Female n(15) Male n(15) Female n(15)
Nice
hospitality
1 2
Good food 3 2
Fresh food
available
every time
1
Good/peaceful
environment
2 6 6
Reasonable
price
1 2 1 3
Hygienic 1 2 1
Easy access 1 2 3 2
Table 9: Why do you like that particular place?
Different answers were provided for the participant’s favorite place to buy or eat.
40% of total participants responded to this question from the slums. Among them 10%
answered hospitality, 6.67% answered good and peaceful environment, 10% reasonable
price, 10% easy access, 3.33% for hygienic. 100% of total participants responded to this
question from the IUBAT. Among them,16.67% available good food, 40% good and
peaceful environment,13.33% reasonable price, 16.67% easy access, 10% hygienic,
3.33% fresh food available every time
www.AssignmentPoint.com
25
10.0.2.4 Is there benefit to eating fast food?
Different answers were collected for this question. Most of the people answered that
the only benefit to eating fast food was saving time and it is readily available to satisfy
our hunger. While few think that eating fast food can be taken as smartness as it can be
eaten in public. Some slum people believe that fast food contains vitamins.
10.0.2.5 Is there negative effect to eating fast food?
Slums IUBAT
Male n(15) Female n(15) Male n(15) Female n(15)
Yes 10 9 15 15
No 5 6
Table 10: Negative effect of eating fast food
All of the participants from IUBAT answered that fast food has negative effect. But, few
people from slum said there is no any negative effect of eating fast food. 5 male and 6 female
said ‘NO’ from Slum. 100% from IUBAT said ‘Yes’
10.0.2.6 What do you like most about fast foods?
The participants from SLUMS answered that fast food contains vitamin, it has different taste,
easily available so they liked to eat. IUBAT students told that the food is tasty, takes less time to
prepare, can satisfy the hunger, contains extra decoration, can be eaten even while we are
walking on road which saves time, shows smartness, crispy, oily. Hence, they like fast foods.
10.0.2.7 Are you concerned about the calories/fat when you eat fast food?
www.AssignmentPoint.com
SLUM IUBAT
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Yes 7 5
No 14 5 7 10
Yes BUT “I eat” 1 10
26
Table 11: Concern about calories/fat
40% of IUBAT students are concerned (they do not eat), 60% are not concerned. 63.33% of Slums are not concerned. 36.67% of slums know foods contain oil but still they eat.
10.0.2.8 Do you find the price of fast food reasonable?
SLUM IUBAT
Male
n (15)
Female
n(15)
Male
n(15)
Female
n(15)
Yes 8 4 4 4
No 7 11 11 11
Table 12: Price of fast food, Is it reasonable?
40% of the slums answered ‘yes’ and 60% answered ‘No’. 26.67% IUBATians
answered ‘yes’ and 73.33% answered ‘No’.
10.0.2.9 Does fast food have any effect on your health?
Almost all of the participants answered ‘yes’ to this question. Some of them also experienced
acidity and stomach ache after having these foods. People from slums said that fast foods if eaten
more, causes harm ’pet betha’, ‘buk betha’. Students from IUBAT said that eating fast foods can
lead to decrease in appetite, increase fat, increase weight if taken more, increases pimples,
increases cholesterol, stomach ache, nausea/ vomiting.
www.AssignmentPoint.com
27
10.0.3 Fast Food consumption inside IUBAT premises
10.0.3.1 Do they eat ‘fast food’ from IUBAT cafeteria?
100% of the IUBATians answered ‘yes’.
10.0.3.2 What are the common items they eat?
Singara, Pyaju, tea, kancha morich, puri, roll, Samucha, chop,
biscuit/coke, cake, rice, lunch items.
10.0.3.3 How often do they take?
Frequency IUBAT
Male n(15) Female n(15)
Everyday 11 6
Once a week 2
2/3 times a week 1 5
Sometimes 2 2
Suddenly 1
Table 13: Frequency of fast food intake by IUBATians
It was found that most of the students ate almost everyday from the cafeteria.
10.0.3.4 What time of the day do they take ‘fast food’?
IUBAT
Male n(15) Female n(15)
Morning 1 1
Evening 1 7
Afternoon 4 7
Lunch time 8 3
When hungry 1 2
Table 14: Timetable of fast food intake by IUBATians
www.AssignmentPoint.com
28
Most of the students were found to eat during afternoon, lunch time and
evening time. 6.67% took at the morning and 10% took suddenly when they felt
hungry.
10.0.3.5 Are you conscious about calorie contained?
12 male and 12 female answered ‘No’
3 male and 3 female answered ‘Yes’
10.0.3.6 Do you find the price of ‘fast food’ reasonable?
Male n(15) Female n(15)
No 7 4
Yes 8 11
Table 15 : Price of fast food perceived by IUBATians
IUBATians told that they found the price of some items reasonable like
singara, samocha while the prices of some items were reasonably high in
comparison to the quantity supplied. These items include puri, sandwich, and
parotha.
36.66% told ‘no’
63.34% told ‘yes’
11.0.3.7 Have you faced any effects on your health after eating this
food?
Many students faced some problems after eating the foods from IUBAT
Cafeteria as they have reported. These problems related to their health are as
follows.
www.AssignmentPoint.com
29
Causes Male n(15) Female n(15)
Acidity 4 5
Nausea 1
Stomach ache 2 3
Vomiting 1
Throat pain 1
Not yet
experienced
8 5
Table 16 : Health problems faced after eating fast foods by IUBATians
10.0.3.8 Do you have any other comments about the ‘fast food’ provided
here?
When asked question about giving any comments. Most of the students
answered in the form of recommendations. Few of them did not give any
comments. Some of the comments given were as follows.
Increase the food items, especially vegetable items
Price should be made less for some items
Taste of food should be improved
Hygiene should be improved
Vegetable ingredients should be smashed properly, e.g. potato while
making chop
Increase the quality of sauce provided
Stop the use of rancid oils
Adjust the price of food with quality
Provide more salad if more items of food is bought
Add the bakeries items
www.AssignmentPoint.com
30
Set pure drinking water
Need more space to sit
11.0 Discussion
11.0.1 Practice of Fast Food Intake
From this small study conducted, it was found that practice of eating fast food differed a
lot among IUBATians and slum people. As in this study, I have not separated the items of food
provided in renowned fast food shops and readymade packed foods from Table I, it was seen that
most of the participants ate ‘fast food’ almost everyday. Slums eat when money in hand while
IUBAT students eat as an alternative of their regular meal. Money may be the reason that slum
people eat less frequently than students. The food that slum people ate was also quite different in
comparison to that of IUBATians. This difference is all due to economic status and thinking of
people. People from low economic classes do not have the capacity to go and eat in renowned
and costly fast food centers like KFC, A&W, Bosundhara Food Court, North Tower etc. IUBAT
students were all from good economic status so they could afford to go in fast food centres.
Hence, the fast food place students preferred to eat was also different from those of slums.
From my study I have found that some of the slums prefer to eat these foods
before evening prayer (Table II). The reason may be that this was the free time to relax
after work because most of these people do labor work in construction sites or as house
maids. This may be the perfect time for them to rest from their work. Comparingly,
students eat mostly during afternoon or evening. As most of the students, 63.34% were
living with friends in mess away from family so they might feel easy to eat outside food
rather than cooking themselves as it saves time for study as well. Regarding, the choice
of food items some slums also think fruits as fast food. The reason may be that they have
conception that ‘fast food’ is food containing extra vitamins than regular diet. As they
know that fruits contain vitamins, may be for this reason they kept fruits as fast food.
Eating in road side stall was a fashion for IUBATians. They ate Fuska and
Chotpote from these places whereas it was a regular buying place for the slums from road
side stalls as it costs low money. Study has shown that street vendors are common among
www.AssignmentPoint.com
31
low-income group of people (Faruque et al, 2010). Fuska was far too costly for
slums. Also, the students of IUBAT were aware of the hygiene maintained at road side
stalls. May be because of this, they ate only when compulsion from the road side stalls as
they have reported.
At the IUBAT, students ate the fast foods almost everyday that was provided in
the cafeteria. Those students who stayed away from their parents were found to take these
foods more frequently than those who stayed with their parents. Many students were not
concerned about the calories or fat contained in the diets. They ate it without any tension.
Most of the students did not experience any effects in their health after eating the foods in
canteen but some of them experienced acidity. The reason behind this may be that the
students ate oily foods in an empty stomach. So, from here we can also conclude that
rancid oil is being used for cooking in our IUBAT cafeteria. When oils are exposed to
heat, light and air for long time they get oxidized and become rancid forming the free
radicals in our diet which are destructive in nature (Healing crisis, 2004
There were many recommendations put forward by the students regarding the
food provided in canteen. Among which many students talked about enlarging the sitting
space, adding the vegetable items in the menu, stopping the use of rancid oils,
maintaining the hygiene etc. (Section 11.0.3.8). From these recommendations we can say
that students are not fully satisfied with the service provided at IUBAT cafeteria. In other
side we can say that students are concerned about their health, they are observing every
small services provided.
11.0.2 Perception of Fast Food Intake
From this study conducted, it was seen that there was a great difference in the way the
IUBATians and slums thought about taking of fast food. Most IUBATians preferred to go to
renowned fast food centres while slums did not have any ideas about these fast food centres.
www.AssignmentPoint.com
32
They knew to eat fast food from either nearby shop or road side stalls. The definition of fast food
varied among these two groups.
From table 7, we can see that IUBATians gave the different definition of fast food as
‘junk food, crispy food, smart food, extra decorated food’ etc. Whereas most of the slums gave
the same answer as ‘readily available foods’. Slum people also thought that these foods contain
vitamins which will make them healthy. The reason they think this might be due to the
advertisements they see on different media (Dickson & Nicole, 2009). So, we can tell that media
is playing an important role in consumption of fast food. Most of the participants eat fast food as
they feel like to eat (Table 8). Whatever the reason may be, to satisfy the hunger or by seeing
others eat (slums) we can say that the fast food consumption culture is growing day by day in our
society. It has collected huge fans.
When asked about the preference of the place to eat fast food, we can see that good and
sound environment of the place is adding to the preference of eating fast food (Table 9) in
addition to nice hospitality and good food. Although the participants did not elaborate about
what good environment means but study has shown that good music played in restaurant also
adds to the long staying of customers and increase in food items as well (Meiselman & MacFie,
n.d.). Also, it was found that although people talked about good food and environment around,
most of them did not talk about the hygiene. It seemed people were less concerned about hygiene
at big restaurants. Only 10% of IUBAT students were concerned (Table 9). So, may be people
already believe that these renowned places are clean and hence, they need not concern about that.
About liking to eat fast foods, many answers were collected. One of the students said
“No family member tell us anything if we go and eat in KFC or other renowned fast food
centre.” We can see from this statement that people of Dhaka city have started to prefer eating
from fast food centres. One of the students told that “It helps to meet nutritional requirement like
fats/calories.”Another student said “for people who need fats …its good!!!” From these we
know that the students seem to know much about the contents of these foods that foods contain
more fats and more calories. The slum did not give these complicated answers though. They
www.AssignmentPoint.com
33
simply answered that they ate to save time for work or these foods have different taste or even
extra vitamins. So, they ate fast food.
One said, “Eating fast food shows smartness, can be eaten anywhere in public”.
One girl told “I like to eat fast food because you get to eat sauce freely”. This statement
reflects the thought of young generation. They feel comfortable to eat these items in
public whereas comparing some slum female reported that they ate these foods like
singara, samocha by taking home, they did not eat in public places. So, here we can still
understand that the culture and education has bounded these ideas. The slums still do not
eat publicly due to shy or just people will think bad of them when eating outside. The
educated students are carefree about these thoughts. Moreover, they feel smarter.
When asked about the negative effects of fast food different answers were collected
from IUBATians like “damage of teeth, increase in cholesterol, increase weight, increase
acidity, nausea, abdomen cramps.” While slums reported about ‘buk betha’ and ‘pet
betha’. From here we can understand that literate IUBATians seemed to know so many
advanced medical effects of eating fast food. Few of them also reported that “Fast food
has no effect if taken in right amount”. “As a student the price of ‘fast food’ is too
costly”, many students reported. This may be the reason that 73.33% of students did not
find the price of fast food as reasonable whereas 60% from slums did not find the price
reasonable. The reason may be people of slums are working and earning by their own
although may be small amount while the students are running with their parents money.
From the study we can analyze that some of the IUBATians understand that it is our
mistake as we have taken oil in an empty stomach. Hence, causes acidity. Similarly,
slums believe that eating fast food relieves the acidity caused. “When I do not get time to
cook early morning, I buy from shop and eat as it prevents to form gas”. When we
compare the two situations here, we can see that the two groups have perceived
differently. Also, although the slums knew that the food contains oil, they used to eat
those foods while few IUBATians who were conscious did not eat these foods after
knowing it contains lots of oils. In prior to interviewing, I was expecting that most of the
female participants of IUBAT are conscious about the calories. Surprisingly, from my
study I found that male are more conscious than females (Table-11).
www.AssignmentPoint.com
34
From the study it was found that almost all people ate fast food that is prepared
outside their home. Participants had the different view towards fast food. The food that
slum people eat was not similar to the food that IUBATians eat. It was due to the
economic difference and also education. Educated students are conscious about the fats
and calories contained in the food and take food accordingly. The educated people think
that eating fast food in public shows smartness while slum people prefer to eat at home.
Slum people buy and take the food home. Most IUBATians seem to know about the
effect of these foods but the uneducated slum is still unaware of the effects of fast foods.
12.0 Recommendation
People should be educated in public about the negative effects the fatty foods can
have.
Foods prepared using rancid oils (re- used oils) should be banned in public.
Government should form a committee to check all the road side foods. As Street food vending is not regulated in Bangladesh but operates haphazardly without any systematic monitoring system (Faruque et al, 2010).
Fast food centers should meet the standards of dietary contained in food.
Every fast food stall should display the calorie contained in their menu. It is
important to communicate the information about hygiene and nutrition value of
fast food which will help in building trust in the food provided by fast food shops
(Goyal, 2007).
Regular exercise should be part of daily life as fast food.
Advertisements in media should be given in proper way in order to promote
health and not just the product.
13.0 Conclusion
In this preliminary study conducted among the slums and the IUBAT students, we could
discover the various definitions of ‘fast food’. Fast food consumption was irrespective of gender
or religion in my study. From this study we can conclude that economic status and the level of
education makes a great difference in the food we eat and our perception towards the food we
www.AssignmentPoint.com
35
take. Educated people are more concerned about their health. They have the updated knowledge
about the effects of fast foods in our daily life.
Eating fast food is like a fashion for the younger generation. They eat it to enjoy and have
fun as well as it saves time. Slum people eat fast foods as they see others eating they also feel
like to eat. They saved money for many days so that they can eat outside home. Most of the time
they eat these foods in compulsion to save their time from work. They have the feeling like these
foods contain more vitamins than the food we take in our regular diets. Educated people are
conscious about the fats and calorie contained in fast foods while slum people even do not know
what is ‘calorie’. Although some of them know about the fat contained they do not care to see it
and eat without any tension.
All the students of IUBAT ate the foods provided at the cafeteria. Many did not care
about the calorie and fats contained in the foods provided. Students have recommended
improving certain aspects of the cafeteria service. Increase in the sitting space and increase in
food items especially vegetable items and bakeries were among the top lists provided (Section
10.0.3.8).
14.0 References:
Goyal A., Singh N. P., (2007) "Consumer perception about fast food in India: an exploratory
study", British Food Journal, Vol. 109 Issue: 2, pp.182 – 195. Retrieved May 5, 2011
from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1593189&show=
www.AssignmentPoint.com
36
Bowman S. A., Vinyard BT: Fast-food consumption of U.S. adults: Impact on energy and nutrient intake
and overweight status. J Am Coll Nutr 23:163-168, 2004. Retrieved March 20, 2011 from
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes research/summaries/bowmanfastfood.jsp
Breaking News 24/7. (26 January 2009). In fast food negates anti asthma benefits of
breastfeeding. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from http://www.blog.taragana.com/n/fast-
food-negates-anti-asthma-benefits-of-breastfeeding-3891/
Bowman, S. A., Gortmaker, S.L., Ebbeling, C.B., Pereira, M.A.,& Ludwig, D.S.(n. d.). Effects of
Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality Among Children in a
National Household Survey. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from
http://www.commercialalert.org/FastFoodLudwig.pdf
Consumer Behaviour in Fast Food industry. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2011, from
http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/85233.html
Does fast food affect your health? (2004).Retrieved March 24, 2011, from
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2004/jul/11/foodanddrink.features10
Does Fast Food Mean Fat Food? (6 November 2008). Retrieved March 24, 2011, from
http://www.articlesbase.com/nutrition-articles/does-fast-food-mean-fat-food-659737.html
Dickson, & Nicole, C. (2009). Nutrition and Eating Habits in Adolescent Television Programs:
A Content Analysis of Food and Beverage Consumption on Popular Teen Television.
Denlinger, K.L. (2008). Food Marketing to Children and Health. Retrieved March 24, 2011,
from,etd.ohiolink.edu/search.cgi?q=sortinginitial%3Ad&university.facet=Miami
%20University%20
Faruque, Q. et al. (February, 2010). Institutionalization of Healthy Street Food System in
Bangladesh: A Pilot Study with Three Wards of Dhaka City Corporation as a Model.
Retrieved May 6, 2011 from
http://www.nfpcsp.org/agridrupal/sites/default/files/pR_7_of_04_Final_Techncial_Report_-
_Approved.pdf
www.AssignmentPoint.com
37
Freiboth, G. (N. d.). Ezine articles. In Researchers at the Veterans Administration Medical
Center in San Francisco 6 Negative Effects Of Eating Fast Food. Retrieved March 25,
2011, from http://ezinearticles.com/?6-Negative-Effects-Of-Eating-Fast-
Food&id=175205
Hayden, J. (N.d). Introduction to Health Behavior Theory: Transtheoretical Model, page: 65-69;
USA, Jones and Bartlett.
Grace, C., Begum, R., Subhani, S., Kopelman, P., & Greenhalgh, T.(2008). Prevention of type 2
diabetes in British Bangladeshis: qualitative study of community, religious, and
professional perspectives. Retrieved March 25, 2011 from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659954/
Grier, S.A., Mensinger, J.,Shirley, H.H., Kumanyika, S.K., & Stettler, N.(2007). Fast-Food
Marketing and Children’s Fast-Food Consumption: Exploring Parents’ Influences in an
Ethnically Diverse Sample, vol.26 (2), 221-235. Retrieved March 24, 2011 from
http://www.aacorn.org/uploads/files/GrierJPublPolicyMarket07.pdf
How often do you eat fast food? (2006).Retrieved March 24, 2011 from
http://www.yelp.com/topic/oakland-how-often-do-you-eat-fast-food
Khan M. A. (1994). Analytical Report. Retrieved March 24, 2011 from
http://web.archive.org/web/20050326145921/www.bangladeshgov.org/mop/ndb/
arpc91_v1/contents.html
Leeds Childhood Obesity Prevention and Weight Management Strategy.(2006). Retrieved March
24, 2011, from www.aso.org.uk/mlw/files / Leeds / PCT _ childhood _ obesity _ strategy . pdf
Li, F. (2002). URBAN DESIGN AND FAST-FOOD DENSITY AFFECT RESIDENTS
WEIGHT AND WAIST SIZE. American Journal of Epidemiology, Oregon Research
Institute.Meiselman, H.L. & MacFie, H.J.H. (n.d.). Food choice, acceptance and
consumption: The contextual basis for food acceptances, food choice and food intake: the
www.AssignmentPoint.com
38
food, the situation and the individual, page: 248-249. London; Blackie Academic &
professional
Meiselman, H.L. & MacFie, H.J.H. (N.d.). Food choice, acceptance and consumption: The
contextual basis for food acceptances, food choice and food intake: the food, the situation
and the individual, page: 248-249. London; Blackie Academic & professional.
Shuman, M.(2004). Hidden Health Dangers: The Fast Food Lie. Retrieved April 25, 2011, from
http://media.www.theprospector.org/media/storage/paper321/news/2004/10/26/News/
Hidden.Health.Dangers.The.Fast.Food.Lie-779921.shtml
Steenhuysen, J. (2009). Study ties fast food to stroke risk. Retrieved April 24, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE51I77X20090219Vigilante
Appendix I
Informed Consent Form (AewnZKib m¤§wZcÎ)
www.AssignmentPoint.com
39
Study Title: “Perception and practice of fast food intake: a study among the IUBAT students
and slums of Uttara, Sector# 10, Dhaka.” (dvó©dzW Gi Lv`¨vf¨vm Ges aviYvt DËivi ew¯—evmx gwnjv‡`i wb‡q GKwU ch©‡e¶b)
Investigator: Shraddha Basnet (ch©‡e¶bKvixt kª×v evm‡bZ)
Co-Investigator: Dr. Karen Lund (ch©‡e¶b mnKvixt W. K¨v‡ib j¨vÛ)
Institution: IUBAT (International University of Business Agriculture and Technology)
Purpose of the research (M‡elbvi D‡Ïk¨)t
I am a student from the Bachelors of Science in nursing program at International University of
Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Uttara, Dhaka. I have to submit a study report
as a requirement for graduation of BSN degree. For this purpose, I am conducting a small study
and would like to interview you regarding fast food consumption in your daily life. You can
choose not to participate.
(Avwg AvB BD weGwUÕi øvZK †kªbxi GKRb QvÎx| øvZK (‡mweKv) †kªbxi AZ¨vek©Kxq kZ© ¯^iƒc Avgv‡K GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| G R‡b¨ Avwg GKwU †QvU cix¶v cwiPvjbv KiwQ| GiB Ask wnmv‡e Avcbvi dvó©dzW Gi Lv`¨vf¨vm Ges avibv m¤úwK©Z GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b wb‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk KiwQ| Avcwb PvB‡j AskMÖnb bvI Ki‡Z cv‡ib|)
Why am I inviting you to participate in the study? (Avwg Avcbv‡K †Kb G cix¶vq AskMÖnb Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ KiwQ?)
From the knowledge you share I will be able to understand the current practice and point of
views regarding your fast food intake.
(Avcbvi AskMÖn‡bi cÖvßÁvb Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Avwg eZ©gv‡b dvó©dzW Gi Lv`¨vf¨vm m¤úwK©Z gb¯—Ë¡ Ges Gi avibv eyS‡Z m¶g ne|)
www.AssignmentPoint.com
40
What is expected from the participants of the study? (GB cix¶vq AskMÖnbKvix‡`i cÖwZ wK cÖZ¨vkv n‡Z cv‡i?)
I would like you to participate in an interview and share your ideas about intake of fast food.
Interviews will be carried out face to face and privately.
(Avwg GKwU mv¶vZKvi wb‡Z PvB hv e¨vw³MZfv‡e Ges gy‡LvgywL cwiPvwjZ n‡e|)
Risk and benefits (SzwK Ges mydj mg~nt)
There is no any risk in my study. You are free from any physical harm and exploitation.
Regarding benefit, the findings from this study might be taken in consideration by university and
in future university might assess the quality of fast food available in the university area and
hence will be helpful for you.
(G cix¶v Avcbvi R‡b¨ †Kvb mydj ev Kzdj e‡q Avb‡ebv| GB cix¶v Avgv‡K G m¤úwK©Z Avcbvi avibv eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|)
Privacy, anonymity and confidentiality (wek¦vm †hvM¨Zvt †MvcbxqZv Ges bvgnxbZvt)
The information gathered will remain confidential and you will not be identified in any specific
ways in the study findings. We will conduct the research in your appropriate time when you are
free from your works.
(GB cix¶vi cÖvß Z_¨ †Mvcb Kiv n‡e| Ges cix¶vi cÖvß djvd‡j Avcbvi bvg D‡jL _vK‡e bv| Avcbvi RyZmB mg‡q A_v©r Avcbvi Aemi mg‡q Avgiv Avgv‡`i GB cix¶v cwiPvjbv Kie|)
www.AssignmentPoint.com
41
Participation and withdrawal (AskMÖnb Ges cÖZ¨vnvit)
Your participation in the study is voluntary. You can choose to withdraw at any point of the
study. I hereby would like to assure that privacy, anonymity and confidentiality of
data/information identifying you will strictly be maintained. The results of the study will be
made available to you on request.
If you agree to participate in the study please indicate by putting your signature at the space
provided below.
(GB cix¶vq Avcbvi AskMÖnb Hw”QK| Avcwb ‡h †Kvb Ae¯’vq GB cix¶v †_‡K Avcbvi bvg cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avwg GB g‡g© Avk¦¯— KiwQ †h, †h mg¯— Z_¨ Ges DcvË Avcbv‡K wPwýZ K‡i Zv †MvcbxqZv, wek¦¯—Zv Ges bvgnxbZvi mwnZ eRvq ivLv n‡e| Avcbvi Aby‡iv‡a GB cix¶‡bi djvdj Avcbvi Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|)
Do you give your consent? (Avcwb wK m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb?) Yes (n¨v) No
(bv)
Name of the participant (Ask MÖnb Kvixi bvgt)…………………………………..
Signature (¯^v¶it) ………………………………………………………
(e„×v½yjxi Qvc (Wvb nvZ)t ...................................................................................
Date (ZvwiLt) ……………………………………………………….
www.AssignmentPoint.com
42
Appendix II
Research Questionnaire Form (cÖkœvejx:) Serial no.
[This is for the purpose of research only and no incentives will be given for participation.
Participation is voluntary and the participant may choose not to answer any particular question.
Participant has the right to discontinue his or her participation at any time.]
(GB cÖkœcÎ †KejgvÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi M‡elYvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨| G‡Z Avcbvi ¯^Ztù‚Z© AskMÖnb m¤ú~Y© †mev g~jK)
Address (wVKvbv): Permanent (¯’vqx)…………./ Local (A¯’vqx)…….. Age (eqm):
Religion (ag©):
Group A
1. What is fast food to you? (Ready made foods available at shops e.g. Burger,Shingara,Pizza
etc.) (participants will define fast food in their own words)(dvó©dzW m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi avibv wK? cÖ¯‘ZK…Z ‡hme Lvevi evwn‡i cvIqv hvq †hgbt evM©vi, wcRv, wmsMviv BZ¨vw`)
2. Do you eat fast foods? (If the participant answers “NO” the questions should terminate for
that person.) (Avcwb wK dvó©dzW Lvb?)
3. How often do you eat fast food? (Avcbvi dvó©dzW LvIqvi Pvwn`v †Kgb?)
www.AssignmentPoint.com
43
4. Why do you eat fast foods? (Avcwb †Kb dvó©dzW Lvb?)
5. At what time of the day do you eat fast food? (Avcwb w`‡bi †Kvb mgq dvó©dzW Lvb?
6. What fast foods do you eat? (Avcwb wK ai‡bi dvó©dzW Lvb?)
7. Which is your favorite place to buy or eat fast food? (Avcbvi cQ‡›`i dvó©dzW †Kbvi Ges LvIqvi RvqMv †Kv_vq?)
8. Why do you like that place? [connecting to question 7] (Avcwb †Kb RvqMvwU cQ›` K‡ib? 7bs cÖ‡kœi mv‡_ m¯ú„³)
9. Is there a benefit to taking fast food? (dvó©dzW LvIqvi wK †Kvb myweav Av‡Q?)
10. Is there any negative effect of taking fast food? (dvó©dzW LvIqvi wK †Kvb cvk¦© cÖwZwµqv Av‡Q?)
11. What do you like most about fast foods? (dvó©dzW G †Kvb wRwbmwU Avcbvi mePvB‡Z †ekx fvj jv‡M?)
12. Are you concerned about the calories or fats when you eat fast foods? (Avcwb hLb dvó©dzW MÖnb K‡ib ZLb wK Avcwb K¨vjwi Ges d¨vU m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _v‡Kb?)
www.AssignmentPoint.com
44
13. Do you find the price of fast food reasonable? (Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib dvó©dzW Gi `vg I LvIqvi gvb GKmv‡_ h_vh_?)
14. Do you eat in road-side stalls? [If ‘Yes’ go to question 15] (dvó©dzW Gi `vg wK Avcbvi Kv‡Q cwiwgZ g‡b nq? DËi n¨v n‡j 15 bs cÖkœ †`Lyb)
15. What foods you like from road-side stalls? (iv¯—vi cv‡ki †`vKvb †_‡K Avcwb †Kvb LveviwU cQ›` K‡ib?)
16. Do you think fast food has any effects on your health? (Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib dvó©dzW Avcbvi kix‡i †Kvb cvk¦© cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i?)
[Thank You for the Participation] (Avcbvi AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ ab¨ev`)
Group B [Only for IUBAT students]
1. Do you take fast foods provided at the cafeteria of IUBAT?
2. What are the most common items you take from IUBAT cafeteria?
3. How often do you take these items?
4. At what time of the day do you take these items?
5. Are you conscious about the calorie contained in fast foods provided in the IUBAT cafeteria?
6. Do you find the price of these fast foods reasonable?
7. Have you faced any effects on your health by eating the fast foods provided by IUBAT cafeteria?
8. Do you have any other comments about the fast foods provided at IUBAT?
[Thank You for the Participation]
www.AssignmentPoint.com
45
Appendix III
www.AssignmentPoint.com
46
Certificate of Completion
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Extramural Research certifies that Shraddha Basnet successfully completed the NIH Web-based training course “Protecting Human Research Participants”.
Date of completion: 10/22/2009
Certification Number: 295417
Appendix IV
Definitions of key concepts
Slums= Run down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security (United Nations, 2005).
www.AssignmentPoint.com
47
Rancid oils= Rancid oils are a major source of destructive free radicals in our diet.Exposure to air, heat, and light cause oils to oxidize, become rancid, and form free radicals. (Healing crisis, 2004).
Asthma= Allergic disorder of respiration, characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and difficulty in expiration, often accompanied by coughing and a feeling of constriction in the chest (dictionary.com)
Stroke= Stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain.
Diabetes= A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, usually occurring in genetically predisposed individuals, characterized by inadequate production or utilization of insulin and resulting in excessive amounts of glucose in the blood and urine, excessive thirst, weight loss, and in some cases progressive destruction of small blood vessels leading to such complications as infections and gangrene of the limbs or blindness (dictionary.com)
Calorie= a quantity of food capable of producing an energy equal to its caloric value.
(1 calorie=4.1840 Joules)
Appendix V
List of Tables
Table 1 Frequency of fast food intake
Table 2 Time table for taking fast food
Table 3 Name of fast food items
Table 4 Name of fast food place
Table 5 No. of people eating in road side stalls
www.AssignmentPoint.com
48
Table 6 Name of food items from road stalls
Table 7 Definition of fast food
Table 8 Why do you eat fast food?
Table 9 Why do you like that particular place?
Table 10 Negative effect of eating fast food
Table 11 Concern about calories/fat
Table 12 Price of fast food, Is it reasonable?
Table 13 Frequency of fast food intake by IUBATians
Table 14 Timetable of fast food intake by IUBATians
Table 15 Price of fast food perceived by IUBATians
Table 16 Health problems faced after eating fast foods by IUBATians
www.AssignmentPoint.com
![Renfro Power Point Presentation Assignment[1]](https://static.fdocuments.net/doc/165x107/577d35731a28ab3a6b907428/renfro-power-point-presentation-assignment1.jpg)
