Laura Johnson

Interactive Media Guide

Laura Johnson

Contents Page

1. 2. 3. Short Films4. Promotional Videos5. Film Trailers6. User-Generated Content7. Viral Marketing8. Advertising9. Virtual Tours Games10.E-Learning11.Digital Video Capture12. Compression13. Digital Video Formats14. Digital Video Formats (2nd page)15.Streaming Methods16. Data Transfer Rate17. File Size18. Aspect Ratio19. Media Players 20. Digital Rights

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsShort Films

A short film is any film that is not long enough to be classed as a feature film. Its a short clip that's been filmed using video capture. Short films are used all the time weather its business, professional or just for fun. Students enjoy making short films for YouTube or blogs. There are lots of competitions around these day for both fun and professionals to enter with short films.

Pixar is a huge American company that make short films, mainly at the beginning of Disney films (e.g. Toy story).

http://www.pixar.com/short_films/Toy-Story-Toons

Platforms for shot films-YouTube-Cinemas-Personal WebPages'

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsPromotional Videos

Promotional films are similar to short films they are made for business to promote their company. You find a lot of promotional videos on websites and TV.

With the growth of digital technology, there is now often convergence between corporate video and other forms of media communications, such as broadcast television and TV advertising.Staff training/instruction and safety videosInvestor relations / financial resultsCompany promotional/brand videosVideo role play Client and customer testimonial videosCorporate event filming (for example, a new product launch or conference)Live and on-demand webcasting Technology and product demonstration videosBusiness television

Example of a promo video to show off the new GoPro HERO3

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3PDXmYoF5U

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsFilm Trailers

A trailer or preview is an advertisement or a commercial for a feature film that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a feature film screening. Trailers consist of a series selected shots from the film being advertised

Other trailers can be-Video Game trailers- Book Trailers- TV Show trailers- Concert event trailers

Example of a format: Trailer: 20th Century FoxTrailer Format: DVD (VOB), NTSCSize: 14.9 MBhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFPqyNvNzvU

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsUser-Generated Content (Web 2.0)

User-Generated Content (Web 2.0) is content based sharing sites, mainly through social networking sites. UGC covers a range of media content made in a range of modern communications technologies.

All digital media technologies are included, such as question-answer databases, digital video, blogging, podcasting, forums, review-sites, social networking, social media, mobile phone photography and wikis.

UGC has had a lot of critics' and legal backlash as concern was raised about the privacy of personal information.

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsViral Marketing

When a clip is made to make everyone start talking about it, share it and spread the word of it. Viral marketing uses platforms such as social networking sites. It can be in the form of video clips, interactive Flash games, averages, eBooks, brand able software, images, text messages, email messages, or web pages.

An example is the ‘your daily dose of drama’ video which was made to spread the word about the TV channel TNT. This is an example of a YouTube video that hit out to millions of views with in the first few hours of being uploaded. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=316AzLYfAzw

Platforms for viral marketing:

YouTube – You Tube is the biggest video/blogging platform there us, videos can go viral from nothing.

Face book – Videos are shared and spread and spoke about from friend to friend until its everywhere on face book

Twitter – millions of people can retweet and favourite a tweet meaning the more people are going to see it

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsAdvertising

Advertising in business is a form of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade or manipulate the audience to take some action.

Advertising comes in loads of different forms; images, videos, songs, websites etc.

This is an example of a Pepsi commercial:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40DykbPa4Lc

Platforms can be:-TV-Billboards-Internet-Social Networking sites (face book, twitter, instagram)-DVDS- Email-YouTube

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsVirtual Tours

A virtual tour is a simulation of a location, usually a video or a sequence of still images.

Video virtual tours is a full motion video of a location. A video tour is as if you were walking through a location.

Virtual tours are mainly web based for business’ anyone, anywhere can then access them. They are also very popular in the real estate industry they are used in presentation for meetings and on websites for viewers to take a look around houses that are for sale etc. Google Maps can also show you around different places and towns.

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsGames

Video games are electronic games that involve human interaction with a user to generate visual feedback on a video device.

Example of the platforms used for video games are:-XBOX-PS4-Wii

These platforms can come in mainframe computers or hand held devices. Examples of games are Call of duty and fifa.

Laura Johnson

ApplicationsE-Learning

E-learning (or eLearning) refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies in education.

Various technologies are used to facilitate e-learning. Most e-learning uses combinations of these techniques, including blogs, collaborative software, ePortfolios, and virtual classrooms.

Laura Johnson

TechnologyDigital Video Capture

Digital video capture is where you convert analogue video signals generated by a video camera into a digital format. Video capture from analogue devices need a certain video capture card that can convert them signals into digital form then compress the data. There also more commonly digital video devices that capture images and transfer them to a computer through a standard serial or parallel interface.

Firewire cable: A fire wire cable allows you to capture a video that's been recorded onto a camera. You just connect it to you computer and choose the software you are using then through the cable it will transfer your video from the camera to the device.

Laura Johnson

TechnologyCompression

Compression can be either in lossy or lossless form. This can be useful because it reduces resource usage like data storage space or transmission capacity.

Lossless compression reduces a file size with out any loss of quality or information. Lossless can be applied to both image and audio files such as JPEG 2000 and Apple Lossless compression, these can be used to make lossless compressed files. The lossless compression is normally much bigger than a lossy file as since there is not quality lost the file is much bigger than an image/audio file compressed by lossy sometimes by a much as tenth in size.

Lossy compression makes a file smaller but loses data and quality from the original version. Lossy is mainly used for image files such as JPEGs and sometimes audio files like MP3s or AAC files. The effects of using lossy could be jagged edges or pixelated areas of the image or if audio may produce a watery sound or reduce the dynamic range of the audio.

Laura Johnson

TechnologyDigital Video Formats

A videos file extension/format is referred to as the container. Containers have codec's that they only use and others often use different codec's.

Advanced Systems Format (.asf) – ASF is a Microsoft container that normally houses files compressed with Microsoft’s WMV codec. ASF can include digital rights management which is a form of copy protection which gives it an advantage to other digital formats.

Quick Time (.mov or .qt)QuickTime was created by Apple and covers a wide variety of codec's. Apple decides what it supports

Advanced Video Coding, High Definition (AVCHD)AVCHD is mainly used as a container for data compressed with H.264. Its calibrated between Sony and Panasonic as a format for digital camcorders. Its stored and played back on disks and other storage devices like compact flash drives and SD Cards making it a file based format. The newest version supports 3D and supports both standard and different high definition variants from 720 to 1080p.

Laura Johnson

Flash Video (.flv or .swf)Originally flash was created by Macromedia which was then taken over by Adobe in 2005. It comes in many versions, older flash video mainly uses the Sorenson codec while newer flash uses H.264. Its a hugely widespread container format used for streaming videos across the web. Its disadvantage is that it wont play on iOS devices such as iPods and Iphones as apple labelled the format ‘buggy’ and blamed it for problems with the Apple Operating System.

Audio Video Interleave (.avi)AVI was developed by Microsoft and released with Windows 3.1. AVI have been a work horse of digital video. Many legacy videos in AVI format can be found on the web. With AVI you can specify an aspect ratio.

MPEG-1This is nearly only used for Video Compact Disks. This is very popular everywhere but noticeably never used in the U.S. The quality is much lower than DVDs.

MPEG-2 (H.262)MPEG-2 is a container format but the is also a codec named the same. It is used for only DVDs and to broadcast High Definition Television

TechnologyDigital Video Formats

Laura Johnson

TechnologyStreaming Methods

Streaming media is a form of multi media where its received and given to an end-used and at the same time been delivered by a provider. Its a flow of videos through the internet. The video is normally sent from pre-recorded video files but can also be distributed as part of a live broadcast feed, the signal is converted into a compressed digital signal and transmitted from a special Web server that is able to do multicast, sending the same file to multiple users at the same time

The 2 main methods of streaming videos are streaming severs (true streaming) and HTTP streaming. When creating video stream you need to understand the video file format and the streaming method.

Streaming is fast becoming the most popular internet technology. The most common streaming technology is Video On Demand.

Laura Johnson

TechnologyData Transfer Rate

Data rate is the rate at which information is being transferred.

DTR (data transfer rate) is how much of digital data is moved from one place to another in a given time. The data transfer is viewed by the speed of travel of an amount of date going from one place to another. In general the bigger bandwidth of a certain path the higher the data transfer.

Rates that video play and record at-

16 kbit/s – videophone quality (minimum necessary for a consumer-acceptable "talking head" picture using various video compression schemes)128–384 kbit/s – business-oriented videoconferencing quality using video compression1.5 Mbit/s max – VCD quality (using MPEG1 compression)3.5 Mbit/s typ — Standard-definition television quality (with bit-rate reduction from MPEG-2 compression)9.8 Mbit/s max – DVD (using MPEG2 compression)8 to 15 Mbit/s typ – HDTV quality (with bit-rate reduction from MPEG-4 AVC compression)19 Mbit/s approximate — HDV 720p (using MPEG2 compression)24 Mbit/s max — AVCHD (using MPEG4 AVC compression)25 Mbit/s approximate — HDV 1080i (using MPEG2 compression)29.4 Mbit/s max – HD DVD40 Mbit/s max – Blu-ray Disc (using MPEG2, AVC or VC-1 compression)

Laura Johnson

TechnologyFile Size

File size measures the size of a computer file. Normally it is measured in bytes with a prefix. The amount of space on the disk consumed by the file depends on the files system.

All files on a computer uses a certain amount of resources when sent over the internet or stored. Kilobytes and Megabytes is what its measured in.

Laura Johnson

TechnologyAspect Ratio

The aspect ratio is the ratio of the width of a shape to its height. when the width is larger than the height, the shape is positioned as landscape rather than portrait.

The aspect ratio is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon (x:y). A common misunderstanding is that x and y represent actual length and height. This is false, they actually represent the relation between width and height. As an example, 8:5, 16:10 and 1.6:1 are the same aspect ratio.

The term is most commonly used with reference to:Graphic / image Image aspect ratioDisplay aspect ratio: the aspect ratio for computer displays.Standard photographic print sizesMotion picture film format

Laura Johnson

TechnologyMedia Players

Media players is computer software used for play back multimedia files. The majority of media plays can play both audio and video but some focus on only one or the other. These are known as either audio players or video players and normally have a user interface tailored for specific media type.

Windows Media Player:Windows media player was developed by Microsoft Windows and is all ready pre installed. Its used for playing both audio and videos and viewing images.

QuickTime:QuickTime is an extensible ,multimedia framework created by Apple. Its used to show digital video, picture, sound, panoramic images and interactivity.

iTunes:iTunes is a media player, library and mobile management application created by apple. Its used to download, play store and organize digital audio and video.

VLC:VLC media player supports most audio and video compression methods and file formats. For example DVD-Video, Video CD and Streaming protocols. It can stream over computer network and transcode multimedia files.

Laura Johnson

TechnologyDigital Rights

UK Digital rights

Digital rights is the human rights that allow individuals to use, access, create and publish digital media or to access and use computers, other electronic devices and communications networks.

Different human rights have been made relevant with regard to the Internet. Some of these are freedom of expression, data protection and privacy and freedom of association.

Digital restrictions management:DRM is the practice of imposing technological restrictions that control what users can do with digital media. When your prevented from copying or sharing a song you are being restricted by DRM.