Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)
-
Upload
kaliyah-dimsdale -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)
![Page 1: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Assignment #1
Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage.
Due next week in lab.
Worth (12 points)
![Page 2: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Minerals
![Page 3: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Earth’s Materials -Atoms, Elements, and
Compounds
•
![Page 4: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gas Liquid Solid
Three States of Matter
![Page 5: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Three States of Matter
Solid – substance that keeps its shape
Liquid – a substance that flows freely but is not a gas
Gas - a substance that flows freely and will distribute itself evenly in a container
![Page 6: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Three States of Water
![Page 7: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Triple Point-all three statesexist at once
Two statesexist at once
![Page 8: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Latent heat - amount of heat
released or adsorbed during
a change in state.
![Page 9: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Latent heat redistributes solar energyfrom near the Equator towards the poles.
![Page 10: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Review of the Atom
P
P
Helium
Protons in nucleus
N
3 (3He)
Neutron in nucleus
e
e
Orbitingelectrons
![Page 11: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atomic Number - # of protons
Atomic Weight = # of protons + Neutrons
Review of the Atom
![Page 12: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Isotopes - elements with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
e
NP
N
e
Helium 3 (3He)
P
ee
P
NP
Helium 4 (4He)
![Page 13: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ions - atoms with excess positive or negative charge (gain or loss of electrons from the
outermost shell).
Cations (positive charge, lose electrons)
P
e
Hydrogen atom
P e
ElectronHydrogen ion ( H+) +
+
Anions (negative charge, gain electrons)
![Page 14: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Compounds - combination of atoms of one or more elements in a specific ratio.
• Examples: N2 - nitrogen gas
• H2O - water
• CaCO3 – calcite (a mineral)
Ions dissolved in water will combine to form compounds
![Page 15: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chlorine GasSodium Solid
Sodium Chloride
![Page 16: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SodiumChloride
HydrationOf Ions
![Page 17: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Types of Bonds
• Ionic - transfer of electrons between cations and anions.
Moderate strength, Moderate hardness
![Page 19: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Covalent - electrons are shared between atoms
Types of Bonds
Strong bond/Hard mineral
![Page 20: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Metallic - electrons are shared but move about freely between ions
good conductors of electricity (copper, gold)
Types of Bonds
![Page 21: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Types of Bonds
•Van der Waals - weak attraction
Graphite
![Page 22: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bond Strength and Mineral Hardness
**The stronger the bond, the harder the mineral
2. Ionic bond– intermediate strength, moderately hard minerals
1. Covalent bond – strongest bond, hardest minerals
3. Van der Waals bond– weakest bond, softest minerals
![Page 23: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Most Common Elements
OxygenSiliconAluminumIronCalciumMagnesiumSodiumPotassium
Percentage by Weight
![Page 24: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CrystalGrowth
![Page 25: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Five Requirements to be a mineral
Naturally formed
Solid
Formed by inorganic processes
Specific chemical composition
Characteristic crystal structure
![Page 26: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Properties of Minerals
Crystal form
Habit and Cleavage
Hardness
Luster, Color, Streak
Density
![Page 27: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Crystal form
Quartz
![Page 28: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Isometric(cubic)
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Hexagonal
TrigonalMonoclinic
![Page 29: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Crystal Form
![Page 30: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Habit
![Page 31: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Geode Stalactitic Botryoidal
FibrousMammillary Radiating
![Page 32: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cleavage
![Page 33: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cleavage
![Page 34: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Red Arrows show where cleaveage will occur.
![Page 35: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mohs Hardness Scale
1 2
45
3
109
876
![Page 36: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mohs Hardness Scale
1 - Talc
2 - Gypsum
3 - Calcite
4 - Fluorite
5 - Apatite
6 - Potassium Feldspar
7 - Quartz
8 - Topaz
9 - Corundum
10 -Diamond
softest
hardest
fingernailCopper penny
glass
Streak plate
![Page 37: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Vitreous - glass like
Resinous - resin like
Pearly - pearl like
Greasy - slippery
Luster
Non Metallic
Metallic - metal like
![Page 38: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
LusterMetallic Nonmetallic
![Page 39: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Color
![Page 40: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Color of Streak
![Page 41: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
box of feathers
box of hammers
Density
![Page 42: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Common Mineral Families
Silicates (SiO4)4-
Oxides O2-
Carbonates (CO3)2-
Sulfates (SO4)2-
Phosphates (PO4)3-
![Page 43: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Silicates
Neosilicate Sorosilicate
![Page 44: Assignment #1 Answer the 12 questions posted on our webpage. Due next week in lab. Worth (12 points)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081401/56649cc25503460f9498a8fe/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Silicates
Inosilicate Inosilicate Phylosilicate