8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 1/13

Horse

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 2/13

  The Horse is a single-hooved (ungulate) mammal belonging to thetaxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large,single-toed animal of today. Horses in the subspecies caballus aredomesticated, although some domesticated populations live inthe wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wildhorses, as this term is used to describe horses that have neverbeen domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski’s Horse, aseparate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.

Kingdom:  Animalia Phylum:  Chordata Class:  Mammalia 

Subclass:  Theria Infraclass:  Eutheria 

Order: Perissodactyla Family:  Equidae Genus:   Equus 

Species:   E. ferus Subspecies:  E. f. caballus  

Classification

The horses' anatomy enables them to make use of speed to escape predators and they have a well-

developed sense of balance and a strong fight or flight instinct. Related to this need to flee from

predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down.

gestation lasts for approximately 335 –340 days and usually results in one foal, twins are rare in

horses. Horses are a precocial species, and foals are capable of standing and running within a short

time following birth.

Horses are herbivores with a digestive system adapted to a forage diet of grasses and other plant

material, consumed steadily throughout the day. Therefore they have a relatively small stomach but

very long intestines to facilitate a steady flow of nutrients.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse 

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 3/13

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 4/13

Skull and mandible of a horse, lateral view

1. Facial crest

2. Fossa for lacrimal soc

3.Zygomatic arch

4. Zygomatic process of frontal bone

5.Articular tubercle

6. Mandibular fossa

7. External sagittal crest

8. Nuchal crest

1.

10.

9.

8.

7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2.

11.

21.

22.

14.

15.

16.

17.

13.12.

19.18.20.

9. Temporal fossa

10. Coronoid process

11. External acoustic meatus

12. Mastoid process

13. Condyloid fossa

14. Occipital condyle

15. Jugular process

16. Condylar process

17. Mandibular notch

18. Ramus of mandible

19. Angle of mandible

20. Retroarticular process

21. Mental foramen

22. Nasal process of incisive bone

23. Infraorbital foramen

24. Nasoincisive notch

23.

24.

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 5/13

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 6/13

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 7/13

2.

3.

1.

4.

Skull and mandible of a horse, lateral view

1. Body of incisive bone

2. Incisor teeth

3. Interalveolar border

4. Premolar teeth

5. Molar teeth

5.

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 8/13

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 9/13

1.

2.

3.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

4.

13.

12.

11.

10.

15.

14.

16.

1. External occipital

protuberance

2. Nuchal crest3. Coronoid process

4. Mandibular fossa

5. Condylar process

6. Jugular process

7. Caudal alar

foramen

8. Hamulus of

pterygoid

9. Body of mandible10. Angle of mandible

11. Mandible foramen

12. Ramus of

mandible

13. Choanae

14. Foramen magnum

15. Occipital condyle

16. Zygomatic arch

Skull and mandible, caudal view

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 10/13

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 11/13

1.Interincisive canal

2. Body of incisive bone3. Nasal process of incisive bone

4. Infraorbital foramen

5. Facial crest

6. Orbit

7. Zygomatic process of frontal

bone

8. Zygomatic arch

9.Temporal line

10. Nuchal crest11. External saggital crest

12. Temporal fossa

13. Supraorbital foramen

14. Rostral lacrimal process

15. Nasoincisive notch

1.

2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

11.

10.

12.

13.14.15.

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 12/13

8/13/2019 Asset 9110 Horse Svms 2057

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asset-9110-horse-svms-2057 13/13