Assessment Report for CPCBseip.urban-industrial.in/live/hrdpmp/hrdpmaster/igep/...• Technical...

Headline Verdana BoldOUTPUT 2 - Analysis of organizational structures, procedures and processes of public agencies atNational & State level to effectively combat industrial wastewater pollution

Assessment Report for CPCB

SEIP | Discussion on CPCB Gap Assessment 2

List of Abbreviations ATTAINS Assessment TMDL (Total Max. Daily Load) Tracking & Implementation System

BAT Best Available Technology Economically Achievable

BCM Billion Cubic Meter

BCT Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology

BEACON Beach Advisory and Closing Online Notification

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

BPT Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available

BREFs Best Available Techniques Reference Document

CEPI Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index

CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant

CGWB Central Ground Water Board

CLRI Central Leather Research Institute

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

COINDs Comprehensive Industry Document Series

CPA Critically Polluted Areas

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

CPPRI Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute

CROMERR Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule

DMR Discharge Monitoring Report

DPR Detailed Project Report

EC Environmental Clearance

ECHO Environmental Compliance History Online

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ETP Effluent Treatment Plant

ETU Environmental Training Unit

EU European Union

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH

GPI Grossly Polluting Industries

HAZWAMS Hazardous Waste Management Series

HPI Highly Polluting Industries

HPI Highly Polluting Industries

ICIS Integrated Compliance Information System

IED Industrial Emissions Directive

IIT Indian Institute of Technology

INEGI National Institute of Statistics and Geography

IPC Industrial Pollution Control

IPPCB Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau

IST Industry Specific Taskforce

LIMS Laboratory Information Management System

MCM Million Cubic Meter

MOEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India

MoSPI Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Govt. of India

MSME Micro Small and Medium Enterprises

NAICS North American Industry Classification System

NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority

NGT National Green Tribunal

NHDPlus National Hydrography Dataset Plus

NIC National Informatics Centre

NMCG National Mission for Clean Ganga

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NSPS New Source Performance Standards

OCEMS Online Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems

PIA Polluting Industrial Areas

POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works

PSES Pre-treatment Standards for Existing Sources

PSNS Pre-treatment Standards for New Sources

QA/ QC Quality Assurance/ Quality Control

R&D Research & Development

SARD Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

SDG Sustainable Development Goals

SEIP Sustainable Environment-Friendly Industrial Production

SIDA State Industrial Development Corporation

SOP Standard Operating Procedures

SPCB State Pollution Control Board

TPA Third Party Agency

TSS Total Suspended Solids

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

WATERS Watershed assessment, tracking and Environmental Results System

WQM Water Quality Management

WQX /WQP Water Quality Exchange / Water Quality Portal

ZLD Zero Liquid DischargeETU Environmental Training Unit


Table of Contents

Our understanding of the Project

Emerging high level Thrust Areas for CPCB

Assessment of existing organizational aspects

Key intervention areas and recommendations

Global Case Studies (reference international documents)


Our understanding of the project

Phase II of the “Sustainable and Environment-friendly Industrial Production” (SEIP) Project focuses on

strengthening governance structures to reduce industrial wastewater pollution. It has four components as below:

Output 1:

Legal Framework

Output 2:

Organizational structures

Output 3:

Incentive Mechanisms

Output 4:

Knowledge products

At the National Levelin MOEFCC and CPCB

The key bodies responsible for setting up technical standards on industrial wastewater; manuals,

codes, guidelines and monitoring of water pollution

At the State Level

in Uttarakhand’s SIIDCUL and SIDA

The key bodies responsible for developing industrial

infrastructure; industrial parks, etc. and regulating

their development through policies/ guidelines

From the technical standards formulation &

monitoring standpoint

From the industrial infrastructure development

standpoint

Baseline assessment of organizational aspects needs to be done considering two perspectives

Strengthening of Organizational aspects to effectively combat industrial waste water pollution


Discussion with stakeholders – progress so far..

No. Key Stakeholders Met Date Topic of discussion

Meeting 1 With GIZ and Deloitte 19 July 2019 Kick off and expectations setting

Meeting 2 With CPCB, Deloitte, GIZ 23 July 2019 Thrust areas on industrial wastewater

Meeting 3 With Ex-Advisor, MoEFCC 26 July 2019 Background on MOEFCC and CPCB

Meeting 4 With Mr. Vinay (IPC-6, CPCB) 01 Aug 2019 CETP development, CPCB roles and gaps

Meeting 5 With Ms. Garima (CPCB) 01 Aug 2019 Monitoring process using OCEMS

Meeting 6 With Mr. Vinod Babu (CPCB) 01 Aug 2019 OCEMS process, stakeholders, CPCB role

Meeting 7 With Mr. Nitesh (GIZ- Uttarakhand) 05 Aug 2019 Roles and functions of SIDCUL, SIDA

Meeting 8 With Mr. Sushil Bhat (AE Civil, SIIDCUL) 05 Aug 2019 Key functions and process of SIDCUL, SIDA

Meeting 9 With Mr. Rajeev Jha (CS, SIIDCUL) 06 Aug 2019 Organization structure of SIICUL

Meeting 10 With Ex-Advisor, MoEFCC 07 Aug 2019 Inputs on emerging thrust areas of CPCB

Meeting 11 With GIZ team 08 Aug 2019 Outlining emerging thrust areas of CPCB

Meeting 12 With Mr. Vinay (IPC-6, CPCB) 19 Aug 2019 Inputs on recommendations for CETP

Meeting 13 With Mr. Sudhakar (WQM, CPCB) 19 Aug 2019 WQM, Inputs on CPCB’s emerging thrust areas

Meeting 14 With GIZ team 30 Aug 2019 Discussions on the framework

Meeting 15 With Ex-Advisor, MoEFCC 13 Sept 2019 Discussions on the updated presentation


Identifying thrust areas in CPCB for strengthening organizational procedures

Preliminary discussion between CPCB &

GIZ – 11 April 2019

Output 2 of SEIP II is “On the strengthening of

organizational procedures and processes of CPCB,

and topics like CETPs, ETPs, and Water Quality

Monitoring were discussed for strengthening the

organizational aspects”

1

Follow up meeting of GIZ with CPCB –

23 July 2019

Key emerging areas discussed for strengthening governance system include

I. Pollution monitoring (Industrial wastewater)

II. CETP development and operations

III. Reuse/ recycling of water for various uses

IV. Water Quality Monitoring of water bodies

2

Our Approach to identify intervention topics for each thrust areas is as follows

Undertake role and stakeholder mapping of the processes, procedures, tools etc.

Identify key intervention areas for further strengthening

For each intervention area, suggest possible solutions and recommendations

Supporting global case studies, wherever possible for the recommendations


Emerging thrust

areas

A two pronged approach to identify key focus areasOur approach for identifying thrust areas & intervention topics

Top Down Approach Bottoms Up Approach

Sector’s scenario (Industrial Waste Water)

strategic alignment basis sector’s overall requirements

Institutional review -statutory functions & their

mapping, vision and objectives

High level

thrust areas

Grass level

thrust areas

Stakeholder inputs– Employees, SPCBs, Industry associations, CETP developers/ operators, MSME associations, state industry infrastructure authority, etc.

Stakeholder & role mapping SPCB/industry

authorities etc.

Existing status assessment–current systems, processes & institutional frameworks


1. CPCB – Emerging high level thrust areasA top down approach – Sector & Mandate Analysis


Central Pollution Control Board – An overview

CPCB’s roles include technical/R&D, promotion and monitoring of compliance

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), established in 1974, is a statutory organization of Ministry ofEnvironment, Forest & Climate Change at National Level for prevention and control of pollution with itshead office at New Delhi, with 6 zonal offices and 1 project office.

Legal/ statutory functions :

• As per Section 16 of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Preventionand Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 – (a set of 16 functions)

• Issue directions to SPCBs under Section 18, and can take over functions of any SPCB in a given area fora specified time

• Issuing directions (directly) to industries under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

• Coordinating role as per the Rules framed under EPA

Additional Activities done by CPCB :

• Technical support to judiciary (NGT), as per directions, on matters pertaining to abatement of pollution

• Coordination under bilateral/multi-lateral agreements

• R&D on thrust areas – research committee and coordinating with research institutes

• Laboratory services – advance labs and regular QA/QC for SPCBs, proficiency test, etc.

Water (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Objective: Prevention, Control & Abatement of Pollution


Top Down Approach – Sector overviewThrust areas of CPCB based on sectoral mandates

At SOURCE of water pollutionDISCHARGE & DISPOSAL of

treated wastewater

MONITORING

OUTLET at the source

Industrial Pt.Source & ETP

Industrial Areas & CETP

Reuse/ Recycling of wastewater

Sludge disposal

Pollution monitoring Ambient Quality monitoring of Water bodiesOnline Physical

Monitoring

WATER BODIES

Source Reduction Monitoring & Enforcement

SDG Commitment - Target 6.3

By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution,

eliminating dumping & minimizing release of hazardous

chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of

untreated wastewater & increasing recycling/ safe reuse

30

101126

2000s 2025 2030

4x increase

Industrial water demand

(BCM)

Sectoral trends & requirements

30% of India’s GDP is from Industries,

driven by water intensive industries (also under 17 HPIs of CPCB)

India ranks 177 in EPI 2018, among

180 countries

India ranks at 107 in waste water

treatment

Objective: Reducing industrial pollution at source

Two pronged approach to achieve this objective

Thrust areas for achieving the objective

1 2 3 4 5 6

6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated including urban, rural & industrial wastewater

6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality


Understanding CPCB’s role - Mandate AnalysisBrief functions of CPCB based on Act mandates, at National Level

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

advise Central Govt. on any matter

concerning the prevention & control of

water pollution

co-ordinate the activities of the State Boards(SPCB) and resolve disputes

provide technical assistance and guidance to SPCBs, carry out and sponsor

investigations and research relating to problems of water pollution and air pollution

Manage laboratories for carrying out related tests

Training of personnel (to be) involved in programs on water pollution/ air pollution

collect, compile and publish technical and

statistical data relating to water pollution

prepare manuals, codes or guides

relating to treatment and disposal of

sewage/ trade effluents and disseminate

information connected therewith

organise through mass media a comprehensive program for prevention & control

of water pollution and air pollution

plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide program on prevention/control of

water pollution and air pollution

Lay down/ modify standards for water

bodies

advise Central Govt. on improvement

of the quality of air and prevention &

control of air pollution

collect, compile and publish technical

& statistical data on air pollution

prepare manuals, codes or guides

relating to prevention, control or

abatement of air pollution and

disseminate information

Lay down/ modify standards for

quality of air

Advise Central Government

Coordinate with SPCBsIncl. manage labs

Technical AssistanceReference Documents, Guidelines,

R&D, Investigations

Provide Training

Lay down StandardsManuals, Codes, Guides, National

level program for imposing standards

Publish InformationCollect, compile & display data to

generate public awareness

Grouping the functions

1

2

3

4

5

6


Understanding CPCB’s role - Mandate AnalysisBrief functions of CPCB based on Act mandates, at National Level

Advise Central Government

Coordinate with SPCBsmanage labs & conduct inspections

Technical AssistanceReference Documents, Guidelines, Procedures, R&D, Investigations

Provide training

Lay down StandardsManuals, Codes, Guides, Procedures

National level program

Publish InformationCollect, compile & display data to

generate public awareness

Grouping the functions

1

2

3

4

5

6

co-ordinate activities of State Boards(SPCB) and resolve disputes

carry out and sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of

environmental pollution

Establish & Manage laboratories for carrying out related tests

laying down standards for the quality of environment in its various aspects

prepare manuals, codes or guides relating to prevention, control and abatement of

environmental pollution and disseminate information connected therewith

plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide program on prevention/control and

abatement of environmental pollution

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

laying down standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from

various sources

laying down procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents and

remedial measures for such accidents

laying down procedures/ safeguards for handling hazardous substances

examination of such manufacturing processes, materials and substances as are

likely to cause environmental pollution

inspection of any premises, plant, equipment, machinery, manufacturing or other

processes, materials or substances and giving, by order, of such directions


High level functional themes based on Act mandatesHigh level functional themes based on Act mandates

Advise Central GovernmentIncluding support for NGT cases

Coordinate with SPCBs manage labs, conduct inspections

Technical AssistanceReference Docs, Guidelines,

procedures, R&D, Investigations

Provide Training

Lay down StandardsManuals, Codes, Guides,

safeguards, National program

Publish InformationCollect, compile & display data

Key Functions as per Act

1

2

3

4

5

6

Policy AdvisoryIncluding support for NGT cases

Working with Partners like SPCBs, research inst., TPAs

Technical Assistance & Capacity Building

Reference Docs, Guidelines, procedures, R&D, Training

Standard FormulationManuals, Codes, Guides,


Knowledge disseminationCollect, compile data & publish reports on pollution for public

awareness

Functional Themes

1

2

3

4

5

Technical support to judiciary (NGT)

Coordinate for bilateral / multi-lateral agreements

Coordinate with research institutes & committees

Lab services

Other Activities


Typical growth curve of Technical support institutions

Policy AdvisoryIncl. support for court cases

Working with Partners like SPCBs, research inst., TPAs, etc.





Knowledge disseminationCollect, compile data & publish reports for public awareness

Functional Themes

1

2

3

4

5

Reactive & focused on short term measures

Objectives & policy not fully defined, Person driven

- Presence of Structured Processes (SOPs)- Technical to techno-commercial focus

- Integrated IT system with decision making tools

- Delegation & outsourcing of non-core activities to partners

Continuous learning & innovation focused processes

Predictive modelling for sustainability

Provides inferences on select key considerations

for the future

Decentralization & Delegation

Integrated IT platform for decision

making

SOPs for business processes

Techno-economic feasibility related

guidelines

National policy & program reforms

Periodic review & public participation

Key features

Institutional Capability Maturity Path


2. How to achieve these objectives?Project areas along value chain


Emerging Key thrust areas for CPCB

Industrial Pt. Source

& ETP

Industrial Areas &

CETP

Reuse/ Recycling

Sludge disposal

Pollution monitoring Ambient Water Quality

Monitoring Online Physical

Thrust areas for achieving the objective

1 2 3 4 5 6

Key F

unction a

s p

er

the A

cts

High Level Thrust Areas

Policy AdvisoryIncl. support for court cases

Working with Partners





Knowledge disseminationCollect, compile & display data to generate public awareness

Functional Themes

1

2

3

4

5

For each Thrust Area (X-axis)

What is done currently?

Understanding existing processes and tools to perform functions (Y-axis)

What further can be considered?

Key considerations for CPCB with supporting global cases wherever possible

A

B


Policy Advisory

Working with Partners like SPCBs, technical

research institutes, TPAs

Technical Assistance & Capacity BuildingBREFs, Guidelines,

procedures, R&D, Training


safeguards, Nat’l program

Knowledge dissemination

Collect/compile data & publish reports

Functional Themes

1



Reuse/ RecyclingSewage Sludge

disposal

Pollution monitoring Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Online Physical

1A. What is done currently?

CPCB established industry categorization criteria

CPCB/SPCB sets effluent standards

Lack of uniformity among SPCBs in categorization till 2009

CPCB with SPCB reps developed classification

In 2016, CPCB re-classified with Pollution Index

CategoryPI scoreConsent Validity

Total

Red >=60 5 yrs 60

Orange 41-59 10 yrs 83

Green 21-40 15 yrs 63

White <=20 NA 36

Industry categorization criteria established

COINDS developed with help of research bodies

Formulation of working groups comprises of SPCB

reps., industry experts

Industry specific effluent & emission standards; guidelines for industry

categorization

Effluent data collection for 17 HPIs & GPIs (along

River Ganga)

Current Activities/ Focus Areas

2

3

4

5





disposal

Pollution monitoring Ambient Water Quality monitoringOnline Physical

1B. What further can be considered?

Periodic review of

technical standards

Uniform Code & Online tool

to publish industry data

1

Guidelines to SPCBs on

providing consent

32

Key Intervention

Areas

Indicative Activities/

Tasks

1) Defined Program Plan for

Developing Standards –every 2 years rolling plan, for

subsequent years revision of

standards & new standards

2) Prepare & Publish Sector

Reports (like COINDS)–for next year’s sector cases,

BAT, techno-commercials, etc.

3) Industry comments on

draft technical standards

(i) online – 30-days window,

(ii) one day workshop

1) Obtain List of Industries with

NIC code annually from MoSPI –

Annual Survey of Industries (ASI);

2) Link NIC code to CPCB

categorization and industry

inventory;

3) Link industry consent and

category data from SPCB to

online portal;

4) Develop online monitoring

and alert system to track

consent and renewal status

1) Site-specific factors for

computing composite pollution

index score of each industry

2) Standard Documents for application of consent,

checklist for issuing consent

and status report of industry

Global cases High priority Good to have



CPCB has developed effluent discharge guidelinesPolicy &

guidelines

Env. Clearance

CETP developme

nt

Monitoring Operations

MoEFCC has mandated EC for CETP since 2006

Project Proponent submits proposal, as per

prescribed format for obtaining EC

CPCB reviews DPR & provides technical clearance

Project Proponent selects CETP developer/operator

SPCB provides consent to establish & operate, after site

inspection – no standard guidelines

CETP operator to send regular performance reports

SPCB & CPCB to undertake monitoring – online &

physical at least quarterly

Category PI score Total

CPA >70 38

SPA 60-70 31

OPA <60 31

In 2010, CPCB assessed pollution of 88 industrial clusters

In 2016, CPCB along with IIT Delhi revised Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) scoring

A.Scale of Scale of industrial activity – 20%B.Scale of Env. Quality (Air/SW/GW) – 50%C.Health related statistics – 10%D.Industries compliance – 20%

SPCB to monitor CPAs & publish Action Plans

Development & operations of CETP

Assessing pollution of industrial areas

Policy AdvisoryIncl. support for court

cases

Working with Partners like SPCBs, research inst.,

TPAs, etc.


Reference Docs, Guidelines, procedures,

R&D, Training




Collect, compile data & publish reports on pollution

for public awareness

Advise on Polluted Industry Areas basis NGT

order dated 10/07/19

Guidelines for CEPI in select PIAs

Formulation of working groups comprises of SPCB

reps., industry experts

Guideline to SPCBs for computing CEPI; technical effluent

standards for CETP

Annual action plan of SPCBs published online;

CETP performance through OCEMS

Industrial Pt. Source & ETP



disposal



Functional Themes

1

2

3

4

5


2B. What further can be considered ?

Implementation Guideline

for CETP development &

operations

Guidebook for

deploying CETP

operator

1

Integrated process for

monitoring pollution in

industrial clusters

32

Key Intervention

Areas


Tasks

1) Potential Technological

options for CETP & its

associated costs updated

using CETP BREFs every 2-3 yrs

2) Possible Business models for CETP development and

operations & maintenance

3) Role of stakeholders in each

identified business model,

4) Techno-commercial

feasibility guidelines

1) Competency Framework for selecting CETP operator*

– minimum qualification

criteria - factoring complexity,

technology, business model,

etc.

2) Model Contract

Agreement with its key

clauses for each business

model

1) Structured periodic review of CEPI score – involving suitable

partners (SPCBs, IITs, etc.)

2) Technical guidelines for

SPCBs to assess CEPI

3) List of industrial clusters MSME/ state updated annually

4) Monitoring CEPI in a single

tool-action plan, CETP status etc.

Global cases

*Note: Technical Competency Manual prepared by GIZ as part of SEIP-I will also be reviewed for assessing Technical Capacity




disposal


High priority Good to have



Re-use Policy

Developing guidelines

Monitoring & Enforcement

Execution of reuse/

recycling

Only state level policies for enabling reuse

and recycling available - Gujarat

CPHEEEO guidelines for various reuse options

NGT issued order for developing action plans to

enable this in Ganga basin

Court issued order for ZLD in TN textile park –

TNPCB specific charters for inter-department

cooperation of retro-fitted works

CPCB developed separate charters for ganga

basin sugar, paper & tanneries for promoting best

practices & enabling institutional coordination

SPCB Monitoring during consent

Physical verification only possible - done

quarterly as per specific charters

29 CETPs have ZLDof 194 CETPs

4 of 17 HPIshave mandates on ZLD

9 States along Ganga Basin notified with Action Plan for achieving ZLD in key sectors or face severe penalties


cases


TPAs, etc.



R&D, Training






Advise on imposing reuse/ZLD for select

industries in Ganga basin

Charters with multiple research bodies for

Ganga Basin

BREFs (Best practices) for recycling/ reuse in Ganga

for the 4 key sectors; sugar, paper & pulp,

tanneries

CPHEEEO technical standards for reuse

Annual action plan for each charter developed

by SPCB and further monitored by CPCB




disposal


1

2

3

4

5


Functional Themes





disposal



Policy Suggestions to

enable reuse/ recycling

Process framework for

techno-commercial

feasibility

1

Guideline on institutional

setup for implementation

32

Key Intervention

Areas


Tasks

1) Technical aspects - quality of

the treated industrial waste

water for various uses

2) Commercial aspects –Trading and pricing options for

the treated wastewater

3) Implementation aspects –Incentives for using treated

waste water - tax rebate, etc.

4) Institutional aspects – nodal

authority at local, state & central

level with their roles

1) Technical Factors

evaluation – local site specific

factors, technological treatment

options, quality, etc.

2) Commercial Factors

evaluation – trading options

and water pricing in the region

3) Techno-commercial

prioritization framework for

choosing – reuse/ recycling / ZLD

options

1) Potential project

proponent options for taking

up reuse/recycling works

2) Stakeholder mapping at

local, state and national level

for each project proponent

scenario

3) Set-up & roles of the

local monitoring body –an inter-department team

comprising IDA, SPCB, local

municipality, CGWB, etc.




CPCB has developed and frequently updates the Hazardous Wastes

(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules

SPCB responsible for Enforcement of these rules

Additional works of CPCB

CPCB also has developed SOPs for Processing the Proposals for

utilization of Hazardous waste

CPCB develops BREFs on same under HAZWAMS

Deploying operator for Sludge Handling/Management

“Authorization” by SPCB for carrying out sludge mgmt. activities

Renewal to be done prior to expiry of its validity

SPCB may cancel/ suspend based on performance of operator

“Registration” by CPCB with 5 years validity

“Consent to establish” by SPCB

Certified for registration & capacity by District Industries Centre

Recycling/ Reprocessing/Reuse of Hazardous waste

CPCB may register for import/ export of hazardous waste

Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facility (TSDF) also sent to

MoEFCC for Environmental Clearance as per EIA notification,

2006 CPCB provide technical comments


cases


TPAs, etc.



R&D, Training






Advise on Hazardous Waste Rules

SOP for processing application for

“Registration” by CPCB

SOP for processing applications for

“Authorization” by SPCBs

HAZWAMS developed –

Technical standards & guidelines available for Sludge handling and

Disposal

Inventory of industries producing HW available

List of Authorized & Registered operators




disposal


1

2

3

4

5


Functional Themes





disposal



Implementation guideline for

Sludge management

Guidelines for technical &

commercial feasibility

1 2

Key Intervention

Areas


Tasks

1) Possible Business models for

industrial sludge handling &

management

2) Role of stakeholders in each

identified business model, with a

suitable monitoring/ control

mechanism

3) Competency Framework for

selecting suitable operator – factoring

project complexity & business model

4) Model Agreement for each business

model

1) Technical guidelines for site

selection, scope of operator, key

indicators to be measured, how to

measure, etc., and their associated

costs

2) Commercial guidelines trading

options, computing tariff for each

business model & scope option

3) Techno-commercial feasibility

factoring revenue & cost parameters,

and selecting suitable option



Focus on 17 HPIs & GPIs (along River Ganga)


Map

View

Industry data

17 HPIs, CETPs and GPIs (along River Ganga)

5-6 parameters measured depending on the

industry - pH, COD, BOD, TSS and flow details etc.

Data alerts on deviations requiring action by

industry (self-assessment)

Basis alerts, software categorizes & selects

industries for physical inspection by CPCB/ SPCB

Cost of installation is borne by industries

Technical Guidelines – specifying where to install &

technology for measurement, calibration

Online Monitoring

Physical Monitoring

SPCB required to undertake physical monitoring of industrial

sources – ETPs and CETPs on periodic basis

Basis SMS alerts and NGT issued orders, CPCB’s regional

directorates also undertake physical inspection in a need basis

CPCB’s labs are used to test samples collected from site

Technical guidelines for involving TPAs by SPCBs

Industry specific charters for monitoring in Ganga Basin

using research bodies such as CPPRI, CLRI, etc.

SPCB

CPCB


cases


TPAs, etc.



R&D, Training






Technical Guidelines for involving TPAs

Directions to SPCB for physical inspection;

OCEMS to enable SPCB

Technical Guidelines for installing CEMS, technology for

measurement and calibration frequency

Physical inspection manual – thumb-rules

Select SPCB physical review report displayed

17HPIs, CETP & GPIs performance thru OCEMS




disposal


1

2

3

4

5


Functional Themes





disposal

Pollution monitoring Ambient Water Quality MonitoringOnline Physical


Inspection manual for industrial

units & clustersTool to enable self-monitoring (with

OCEMS & without OCEMS)

1 2

Key Intervention

Areas


Tasks

1) Self-monitoring framework – key docs

to be maintained by each industry, checks,

deviations allowed, etc.

2) Guidelines for involving TPAs to

conduct inspection & validate data –

Technical SOPs, industry selection,

sampling, standardized reporting, etc.

Commercial business models & payment

option

3) Physical inspection manual for SPCBs

and CPCB ROs with SOPs on frequency of

monitoring, checking procedure, etc.

1) Data acquisition system – enabling

monthly data on self- regulatory reports to

be uploaded, using e-signatures for

industries with no instruments

2) Data Processing system – (in-house or

outsourced) Monitor performance against

approved standards, auto-validation

framework, with suitable deviations

allowance

3) Data Alert system – optimizing alert

prioritization using CEPI score of the region,

industry category and deviations observed




Ganga Monitoring

Where? 36 stations on Ganga, not in

other CPAs

Cost of infrastructure and maintenance not borne directly by CPCB.

Operated under a “Data Purchase Mode Contract” – payment on data provided

Automated alerts generated. At least 25% of the data to be checked by CPCB

Real Time Water Quality

Monitoring (RTWQMS)

WQM stations 4000+ stations (1) rivers/streams, (2) static water bodies,

(3) Ground Water. [150-200 stations owned by CPCB itself]

Average monitoring stations per river is approx. ~1.1

Data upload in online portal to study trend linesFrequency of monitoring for rivers monthly, static bodies quarterly, GW half-yearly, etc.Monitoring Committee (inter-ministerial) studies trend line & identifies polluted stretches (150/351)SPCB to develop Action Plan for these stretches

Cost of infrastructure

shared by CPCB and SPCB,

earlier using cess levied

under Water Cess Act, 1977;

now on Ministry Allocations

Points of installation basis

source & impact studies

WQMS installation Monitoring & Action


cases


TPAs, etc.



R&D, Training






NMCG/NGRBA with focus on River Ganga

Other polluted stretches –action plans

Criteria for categorizing river monitoring location

Station data collected through platform

Equipment lists for analyzing water samples

Water quality standards

National Water quality monitoring program

EWQDES for data from monitoring station

Ganga Water Quality monitoring/ display




disposal

Pollution monitoring Ambient Water QualityMonitoringOnline Physical

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2

3

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5


Functional Themes





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Integrated Water portal for

assessing its quality & quantity

Techno-commercial guidelines for

Water quality stations

1 2

Key Intervention

Areas


Tasks

1) Integrated Water Portal may

include the following aspects:

Quantity of water available from

CGWB, Jalshakti & entry

Integrating satellite data on

rainfall, groundwater & surface water

trends

Identifying critical points based on

auto trend lines

Quality of water at critical points

using CPCB/SPCB’s WQM stations

Critical stretches using quality and

quantity inputs

1) Objective of WQM stations – possible objectives such as short term detect

contamination, monitor trend lines for long-term, etc.

2) Technical Aspects –(i) Site selection criteria of monitoring stations

(ii) Key indicators for each objective,

(iii) Measurement techniques of each indicator,

(iv) Data Analysis for each objective

(v) Action Plan & Response procedure

3) Business models and payment mechanism

for data acquisition, its validation, and subsequent analysis



Summary of Key Considerations For Future – Prioritizing and Phasing

Short Term (up to 2 years) Long Term (2-5 years)

1) Industrial pt. source & ETP

Periodic review of technical standards Guidelines to SPCBs on providing consent

Uniform Code & Online tool to publish industry data

2) Industrial Area & CETP

Implementation Guidelines for CETP development & operations

Guidebook for deploying CETP operator

Integrated process for monitoring pollution in industrial clusters

3) Reuse/ Recycling

Policy suggestions to enable reuse/ recycling

Guidelines on institutional setup for implementation

Process framework for techno-commercial feasibility

4) Sludge disposalGuidelines for technical & commercial feasibility

Implementation guideline for Sludge management

5) Pollution monitoringInspection manual for industrial units & clusters

Update OCEMS processes to enable self-monitoring

6) Ambient water quality monitoring

Integrated Water portal for assessing its quality & quantity

Techno-commercial guidelines for Water quality stations


Global Case studiesReference international documents


Takeaway:Continuousinvolvement ofindustries right fromresearch, regulation,developing guidelinesand its reviewenables betteradoption

Research:Study on the followingaspects

Industry practices

Dischargecharacteristics(pollutants, flowvariability, etc.)

Technologies usedto treat discharge

Cost economics

Identifies best availabletechnology economicallyachievable for everyindustry

Sets regulatory requirementsbased on the performance ofthat technology

Considers comments fromindustries, public & otheragencies and issues finalguidelines

Effluent Guidelines are defined by EPA on an industry-by-industry basis

As per Clean Water Act, EPA annuallyreviews and if required, revises theseguidelines.EPA publishes a plan every other year,seeks comment/suggestions fromdifferent agencies and establishschedule for annual review / revision

New industries: Further, EPAidentifies industries dischargingmore than trivial amounts of toxicor nonconventional pollutants forwhich the Effluent Guidelines hasnot been formulated

EPA is required to develop schedulefor completing effluent guidelineswithin 3 years for these industries

USEPA – Process & roles for developing standards & guidelines

Responsibility of Science & Technology

Industry inputs from Wastewater Management team

The Effluent Guidelines Program Plan, published

every two years, identifies existing industries selected

for regulatory revisions and new industries identified for

regulation.




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Effluent Guidelines are implemented as follows

Direct discharges are regulated by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program - permits

that specify limits using BPT,BAT, BST and NSPS

Indirect discharges (non-domestic from industries through public treatment works) are regulated through the National

pre-treatment program of NPDES – categorical Pre-treatment standards standards issued based on PSNS & PSES

BPT - Best Practicable Control Technology Currently AvailableBCT - Best Conventional Pollutant Control TechnologyBAT - Best Available Technology Economically Achievable

NSPS - New Source Performance StandardsPSNS - Pre-treatment Standards for New SourcesPSES - Pre-treatment Standards for Existing Sources

Type of Sites Regulated BPT BCT BAT NSPS PSES PSNS

Existing Direct Dischargers • • •

New Direct Dischargers •

Existing Indirect Dischargers •

New Indirect Dischargers •

Pollutants Regulated BPT BCT BAT NSPS PSES PSNS

Priority Pollutants • • • • •

Conventional Pollutants • • •

Nonconventional Pollutants • • • • •

Effluent limitations are based on performance of specific technologies, but the regulations do not require use of a specific control technology.

USEPA – Implementing standards and guidelines




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https://www.epa.gov/eg/toxic-and-priority-pollutants-under-clean-water-act


European Union – Source Reduction methodologies

EU Emissions Trading System Industrial Emissions DirectiveRelocation of HPIs

outside EU

Decrease in pollutant releases can be attributed to increased regulation through

Industrial Emissions DirectiveEU Emissions Trading System

Key instrument regulating pollutant emissions from installations

Flexibility to set emission limits–Transitional plan, limited lifetime derogation, etc.

BAT based permits –expert review coordinated by IPPCB resulting in BREFs

Mandatory inspection requirements- at least

every 1 to 3 yrs using risk based criteria

Public right to participate –

access to permit applications, permits & monitoring results

Integrated Approach for permits- whole Env. Performance Emissions, materials, efficiency, etc.

Five pillars of IED

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2

3

4

5

Each local municipality is viewed as a pollutant in itself, and therefore both permit & enforcement aspectsare at their control

National Level Activities only provide guidance for permits through

(1) Integrated Environmental Performance measurement mechanism

(2) BREFs for sector featuring the BAT, through expert review nationally & internationally –responsibility of IPPC Bureau internationally




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North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

Comprehensive industry classification system that groups

establishments based on similarity in their production

processes , non market oriented

approach

20 sectors, 1057 industries in USA Common industry definitions for Canada, Mexico & US

US ECPC U.S. Economic Classification Policy Committee

Mexico’s INEGI National

Institute of Statistics & GeographyStatistics Canada

US ECPC U.S. Economic Classification Policy Committee

Chaired by Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Dept. of Commerce

Representatives from Bureau of Census, US Dept. of Commerce and Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Dept. of Labor

USEPA – Permit for industries

What all does the Permit Application contain?

A. General Information

B. Business Activity – NAICS code & production capacity details

C. Water Supply –source & uses by category

D. Sewer information – connection details

E. Wastewater discharge info – flow & process

F. Characteristics of Discharge- pollutant qty, detection method, etc.

G. Treatment – technology & process

H. Facility Operational Characteristics

I. Spill prevention

J. Best management practices

K. Non-Discharged Wastes

L. Authorized Signatures

NAICS code

Transfer of permit rights from USEPA to State to POTWs

All permits are valid for only 5 years

USEPA approves the State’s Pretreatment Program, post which State gets the authority to give permits for industries

States in turn approve the pre-treatment program of Publicly Owned Treatment Works(POTWs), post which POTWs are responsible for giving industrial permits

In case of industries that are not discharging to POTWs, State gives approval after inspection




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NIC Code – sample link with CPCB Classification

Back

Division 15 :

Manufacture

of leather

and related

products

Group 151:

Tanning and

dressing of

leather;

manufacture of

luggage,

handbags,

saddlery and

harness; dressing

and dyeing of fur

Group 152:

Manufacture of

footwear

Class 1511:

Tanning and

dressing of

leather;

dressing and

dyeing of fur

Class 1512:

Mfg. of

luggage,

handbags..

Class 1520:

Manufacture

of footwear

CPCB

Categorization

15111 Flaying and curing of raw hides and skins

15112 Tanning and finishing of sole leather

15113 Tanning and finishing of industrial leather

15114Scraping, currying, tanning, bleaching, shearing and plucking and dyeing of fur skins and hides with the hair on

15115 Finishing of upper leather, lining leather & garment leather etc.

15116 Embroidering and embossing of leather articles

15119 Other tanning, curing, finishing, embossing etc. of leather

151211 Manufacture of travel goods like suitcase, bags, holdalls etc

15122Manufacture of purse, ladies’ handbags, artistic leather presented articles and novelties

15123 Manufacture of saddlery and harness

15129Manufacture of other consumer goods of leather and substitutes of leather n.e.c.

15201Manufacture of leather footwear such as shoes, sandals, chappals, leathercum-rubber/plastic cloth sandles/chappals

15201Manufacture of footwear made primarily of vulcalized or moulded rubber and plastic.

15201 Manufacture of other footwear n.e.c

Tanneries – Red

Category

Leather cutting

and stitching -

White

Leather foot wear

and leather

products

(excluding tanning

and hide

processing except

cottage scale) -

Green




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Australia – National Certification Framework for Operators Wastewater and Recycled Water Treatment Systems

System Complexity Rating

Competency Requirements

Low Complexity High Complexity Recycled Water

Activities

Apply the risk management principles of the water industry standards, guidelines & legislation

Sample and test wastewater

Apply Environmental & Licensing Procedures

Assess, Implement and Report Environmental Procedures

Perform laboratory testing

Fit For Purpose units of competency from the NWP

Low Complexity Optional Mandatory Mandatory Optional Optional Mandatory

High Complexity Optional Mandatory Optional Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory

Recycled Water Mandatory Mandatory Optional Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory

Meets the Requirements?

Training Programme

Minimum Timeframe met + Sign-Off

Certification Status:

Active (5 years)

Yes

Yes

No

An Audit is conducted for

Extension

Operator meets the Criteria

Operator does not meet the

Criteria

Certification

Status: Active (5 years)

3 Months extension

Audit is conducted

again

Operator meets the Criteria

Operator does not meet the

Criteria

Certification

Status: Inactive

A framework to identify minimum level of competency and capability for Operators who managethe treatment of wastewater or recycled water.

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Israel – Wastewater management

More than 70% of the treated water is used for Agricultural Irrigation

Policy milestones in Water sector

Source: Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research

Water as a Public national resource, permits for

private use

Wastewater irrigation was included in the

National Policy on Sustainable Agriculture and

Rural Development (SARD);

Mandatory requirements for farmers to acquire

permits for irrigation with effluent water.

Policy reforms Institutional Support

62

%

38

%

Of total demand of

1044 MCM/yr,

over 395 MCM/yr

from reuse




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Israel – Wastewater management

More than 70% of the treated water is used for Agricultural Irrigation

Institutional mechanisms in Water sector

Israel Water Authority- Established in 2007, responsible for the

administration, operation and development (including preservation and

restoration) of water resources, the development of new water

resources, and oversight of water consumers and producers

Policy reforms Institutional Support

National Water Carrier, Mekorot- Established in 1937, Mekorot

provides approximately 80% of Israel’s drinking water & meets 70% of the

total annual water demand in Israel. Additionally, Mekorot owns 34

desalination plants, which provide approximately 40 MCM/yr of treated

brackish water. It also treats approximately 35% of Israel’s wastewater

To aid MoIEW Ministry of Environment works in collaboration with

Ministry of Agriculture for long-term strategies for sustainable agriculture;

Formation of an Inter-Ministerial Committee (Inbar), which

developed regulations on water quality;

Jerusalem

Institute of

Policy Research

Policy Research Institute - Established in 1978, as independent

policy think tank close interaction between consumers as it (a) eases

applying sophisticated methods in agricultural branches; (b) technological

advancement, new irrigation techniques & innovative agro-mech

equipment

Private Players contribute in two ways: (a) by

producing and supplying water in the areas that

Mekorot does not cover, & (b) by constructing and

operating desalination plants. There is no private

ownership of water resources in Israel -> All

plants developed via private financing in PPP

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http://water.fanack.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Israel-Water-Management-Figure-8-Overview-of-the-Israeli-water-sector-Fanack-based-on-Mekorot-WaTech-Division-2014.jpg


Sweden – a sustainable waste management initiative

A clear division of responsibility for waste management

makes long-term planning & investment easier.

The Waste Ordinance imposes physical, economic and legal responsibility for various stakeholders

Waste owners Responsible for ensuring the waste is managed as per regulations, sort & disposing

Producers •Producers of certain goods are responsible for them when they become waste•They establish JVs for waste management

Municipalities • Responsible for household waste, waste planning and enforcement

• Impose tariffs on landfill waste based on rate of tax.

County admin. boards

• Act as regulators and issue permits• Guide municipalities on issues &

responsible for regional waste planning

Swedish EPA • Takes initiative & implements waste policy• Monitors progress to ensure efficiency

EnvironmentalCourts

• Issue permits for large facilities • The Environmental Court of Appeal decides

appeals/complaints

Municipalities responsible for recycling by incineration & biological treatment, and disposal by way of landfill

Private service providers are appointed by municipalities, as they have overall responsibility

Industrial waste collection & materials recovery by private players –incl. energy generation after incineration/ treatment in select cases

Institutional Arrangement

EU Waste Framework

Directive

Waste Hirearchy

National Group for Sludge Consultation established – to discuss possible uses of different types of sludge, agriculture as fertilizer, etc.

https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer/620-1249-5.pdf

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https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer/620-1249-5.pdf


USEPA – Online Monitoring system

Integrated system for compliance, monitoring and enforcement in USEPA under NPDES

DMR pollutant Loading tool

ICIS

Enforcement monitoring

DMR Pollutant Loading Tool: To determine

who is discharging what pollutants, how much,

and where is it being discharged. (ECHO)

Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS) ICIS is the national database to trackcompliance with NPDES permit requirements for major dischargers. One can review information on- when a permit was issued and its expiry,- how much the company is permitted to discharge, and- the actual monitoring data showing what was discharged.

ICIS-NPDES integrates data from several separate data systems

Enforcement in thecommunity, existing cases andtheir status may also beviewed online

NPDES General Permit

Inventory: This tool allows

users to search for NPDES

general permits by permit

number, permit name, state,

EPA region, date issued, date

expired, or permit category.

Permit & Clearance data




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USEPA – Tools to enable physical monitoring

CROMERR

EPA’s Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) provides the legal framework, ensures the

enforceability of regulatory information collected electronically by EPA

The Rule sets performance-based, technology-neutral system standards and provides a streamlined,

uniform process for Agency review and approval of electronic reporting.

Specific Application from states, with State

Attorney General’s certification

Technical Review Committee (Legal & Technical

staff) of EPA will check

Completeness Review

Approval Review

Provision for public hearing

EPA has classified Partner reports as Priority & non-

priority reports

For priority reports, e-

signature is mandatory.

For non- priority reports,

only identity info collected

Standards developed for the document verification

system in each scenario

Process & SOP for enabling enforcement at state &

federal level




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USEPA – For deploying Third Party Agencies

USEPA has defined SOPs for Quality Assurance and Validation. These SOPs define the frequency, requirement and process for verification and validation in detail

These processes aredone by the USEPALabs, which aresubsequently connectedto LaboratoryInformationManagement System(LIMS)

In addition, there is a Data Assessment tool which has Electronic Pre-programmed calculations that examines the QC data for all analytical results and evaluates them against the appropriate review criteria

Data

verif

icati

on

–key s

tep

s

SOPs for verification

Inspection / Validation

Framework

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USEPA – Tools for Water Quality Monitoring for surface water

BEACON 2.0 ((Beach Advisory andClosing Online Notification)

EPA provides annual grants to coastal andGreat Lakes states, that helps localauthorities monitor their coastal andGreat Lakes beaches and notify the publicof water quality conditions that may beunsafe for swimming.

WQX (Water Quality Exchange)

The Water Quality Exchange is themechanism for data partners to submitwater monitoring data to EPA whilethe Water Quality Portal (WQP) is themechanism for anyone, including thepublic, to retrieve water monitoring datafrom EPA.

Waters GeoViewer

The WATERS GeoViewer tool is an EPAGeoPlatform based web mapping applicationthat provides access to:• WATERS- Watershed assessment,

tracking and Environmental ResultsSystem (including assessment ofwater quality and water qualitymonitoring results)

• NHDPlus- National Hydrography DatasetPlus (including analytical frameworkfor water quality models)




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USEPA – Tools for Water Quality Monitoring for surface water

The Assessment TMDL

Tracking & Implementation

System (ATTAINS): It provides

summarized information about the

data provided by states on

surface/ ground water for the

country and the states




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USEPA – Online Water Quality Monitoring for surface water

Monitoring LocationsMonitoring Parameters

Monitoring StationsInformation

Management and Analysis

Investigation and Response Procedures

Support Treatment

Process Optimization

Detect Contamination

Incidents

Monitor Threats to Long-Term

Water Quality

At intake source orupstream (if pre-treatment chemicalsare added to theintake)

Calculate the timerequired toinvestigate a waterquality change andimplement aresponse. 2.Determine thecritical detectionpoint. 3. Select themonitoring locationsbased on the resultsof Steps 1 and 2

Additionalmonitoring locationsin the tributaries,upstream of theirconfluence with theriver

Turbidity, pH,alkalinity, ammonia

Specificconductance,toxicity, carboncontent, Ammonia,DO, nitrate andnitrite, ammonia

The main concerns of amonitoring station are:

• Instrumentation-measure selectedwater qualityparameters.

• Computingelement- transfer ofdata and to thecommunicationsfunction

• Communications-transfer datacollected by amonitoring station toa control center

• Power supply anddistribution-Supplies sufficientpower to energizeequipment in amonitoring station

Threshold analysis,time seriesanalysis, statisticalanalysis ofhistorical datagathered over arepresentativePeriod

Time series,histogram,scatterplots, linearregression,MultivariateAnalysis

• Alert investigation process,

• Response Actions to Optimize Treatment Processes,

• Response Actions for Detection of Contamination Incidents,

• Roles and Responsibilities,

• investigationframework for change in quality of parameters, trainings for implementation of procedures




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CPCB – Present Alignment for different Project Areas

Industrial Pt. Source &

ETP


Reuse/ Recycling

Sludge disposal

Pollution monitoring Ambient Quality

monitoringOnline Physical

1 2 3 4 5 6

IPC I – VI IPC VII IPC I - VI IT IPC I-VII WQM – I &II

Not aligned

directly

ETU

PR

PCP

For providing Training

Mass media & other coordination

Annual Plans & Programs

Advising Central GovernmentIncluding support for NGT cases

Coordinate with SPCBs manage labs, conduct inspections

Technical AssistanceReference Docs, Guidelines,

procedures, R&D, Investigations

Training

Lay down StandardsManuals, Codes, Guides,


Publish InformationCollect, compile & display data to generate public awareness

Key Functions as per Act

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2

3

4

5

6

WM -II


USEPA – Organization structure in wastewater context

Office of Administrator

Supporting

Office of Chief

Financial Officer

Mission Support –

Admin. & Resoruces

Air &

Radiation

Chemical safety &

Pollution prevention

Land & Emergency

ManagementWater

Direct Monitoring & Enforcement Offices

Research &

Development

10 Regional

offices

International & Tribal

Affairs

Inspector General

General Counsel

Enforcement &

Compliance Assurance

Asst.

Administrator

for Water

Ground water &

Drinking waterWastewater

Management

Wetlands,

oceans &

watersheds

Science &

Technology

Develops techniques to assess

wastewater quantum

Water Quality standards for

various purposes

Develops Industrial Effluent

guidelines - national

economically and

technologically achievable

performance standards

Regulator for providing clearances

Monitoring & Enforcement of Clean

Water Act & clearances through

NPDES portal (supported by ECA)

Financial & technical assistance

Develop management structures

for financial innovation in the

infrastructure sector, Water Infra

Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA)

4 Technical Directors, each

heading OST & its 3 sub-divisions Engineering & Analysis,

Standards & Health Protection,

Health & Ecological criteria

3 Technical Directors, each heading

WM & its 2 sub-divisions Water infrastructure division

Water Permits division

Industry & public

Communications

Coordination with

regional offices

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