Assessing the Risks of Tire Burning on Human Health Andrew Mahon, Neale Mahoney, Adrienne Moretti,...
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Transcript of Assessing the Risks of Tire Burning on Human Health Andrew Mahon, Neale Mahoney, Adrienne Moretti,...
Assessing the Risks of Tire Assessing the Risks of Tire Burning on Human HealthBurning on Human Health
Andrew Mahon, Neale Mahoney, Andrew Mahon, Neale Mahoney, Adrienne Moretti, Shane Murphy, Adrienne Moretti, Shane Murphy,
Blake RainvilleBlake Rainville
ProblemProblem The combustion of tires could potentially The combustion of tires could potentially
release levels of fine particulates which release levels of fine particulates which could adversely affect human healthcould adversely affect human health
BackgroundBackground International Paper Company hopes to International Paper Company hopes to
utilize scrap tires as an additional fuel utilize scrap tires as an additional fuel sourcesource
IPC plans to burn 3 tons/hourIPC plans to burn 3 tons/hour IPC’s current permit IPC’s current permit
(Title V permit) requires (Title V permit) requires
2-week test period2-week test period
BackgroundBackground Local citizens are concerned that emissions Local citizens are concerned that emissions
could reach toxic levels and have could reach toxic levels and have harmful harmful affectsaffects
Vermont has filed suit against IPC to ensure Vermont has filed suit against IPC to ensure a full environmental review is a full environmental review is
completedcompleted
GoalGoal To ensure that, if tire burning takes place To ensure that, if tire burning takes place
at IPC, necessary actions are taken to at IPC, necessary actions are taken to reduce risks to human healthreduce risks to human health
ObjectivesObjectives To determine recognized acceptable To determine recognized acceptable
concentrations of particulate matter in concentrations of particulate matter in emissionsemissions
To evaluate human health risks To evaluate human health risks associated associated with fine particulate matter with fine particulate matter emitted emitted during during tire combustiontire combustion
To evaluate mechanisms that could be To evaluate mechanisms that could be implemented to reach LOAELimplemented to reach LOAEL
To make recommendations on how IPC To make recommendations on how IPC should proceed with tire burningshould proceed with tire burning
Burn RubberBurn Rubber Tires composed of petroleum-based Tires composed of petroleum-based
productsproducts Incomplete combustion produces Incomplete combustion produces
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which condense from gaseous form to which condense from gaseous form to become ultra-fine PMbecome ultra-fine PM
The PAH particulate The PAH particulate
matter is hydrophobicmatter is hydrophobic
Particulate MatterParticulate Matter Particulate matter consists of different Particulate matter consists of different
substances suspended in the air in the substances suspended in the air in the form of particlesform of particles
PM size classifications:PM size classifications:• PM10PM10• PM 2.5PM 2.5• Ultra-fine Ultra-fine
Particulate Matter and Particulate Matter and Health RisksHealth Risks
PM 2.5 poses most serious known health risksPM 2.5 poses most serious known health risks When inhaled, can become lodged deep into the When inhaled, can become lodged deep into the
lungslungs Chronic exposure canChronic exposure can
cause respiratory cause respiratory
problems, lung disease, problems, lung disease,
and cardiovascular and cardiovascular
complications complications
National Ambient Air Quality National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particle PollutionStandards for Particle Pollution
Pollutant Primary Stds. Averaging Times
Particulate Matter (PM10)
50 ug/m3 Annual (Arith. Mean)
150 ug/m3 24-hour
Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)
15 ug/m3 Annual (Arith. Mean)
65 ug/m3 24-hour
ISCST3 Modeling ResultsISCST3 Modeling ResultsModels show no Models show no
significant human significant human health risks from health risks from short-term exposureshort-term exposure
Models do not take Models do not take PM 2.5 or ultra fine PM 2.5 or ultra fine matter into accountmatter into account
Size Does MatterSize Does Matter PM is only measured by massPM is only measured by mass Recently the EPA found importance in Recently the EPA found importance in
measuring particulate sizemeasuring particulate size Particulate size most important factor in Particulate size most important factor in
selecting scrubbersselecting scrubbers
Scrubber TechnologyScrubber Technology IPC currently uses wet scrubber to reduce IPC currently uses wet scrubber to reduce
large PM (PM10)large PM (PM10) Wet scrubbers do not remove PM 2.5 or Wet scrubbers do not remove PM 2.5 or
smallersmaller PAH’s are hydrophobic, so wet scrubbers PAH’s are hydrophobic, so wet scrubbers
will not be effectivewill not be effective
RecommendationsRecommendations
More thorough modeling/testing, including More thorough modeling/testing, including ultra-fine particulate matterultra-fine particulate matter
Run modeling/testing for longer periods of Run modeling/testing for longer periods of time to determine long-term effects on time to determine long-term effects on human healthhuman health
During two-week test, quantify fine/ultra-During two-week test, quantify fine/ultra-fine PM emitted to properly assess fine PM emitted to properly assess
risksrisks