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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    Cognition/Intelligence

    Ability to reason, to think

    abstractly, and to solveproblems.

    Wechsler tests: WISC-III, WAIS-R,

    WPPSI-R Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition Differential Ability Scales (DAS)

    Verbal Intelligence

    Ability to use cognitiveprocesses which relyprimarily on verballanguage

    Wechsler: Verbal Scales Stanford-Binet: FE-Verbal

    Comprehension Factor DAS: Verbal Ability

    Wechsler: Performance Scales Stanford-Binet: FE: Nonverbal

    Non VerbalIntelligence

    Ability to use cognitiveprocesses which do notrely primarily on verballanguage.

    Reasoning/Visualization Factor DAS: Nonverbal Ability Kaufman Assessment Battery for

    Children (K-ABC): Nonverbal Scale Leiter International Performance

    Scale Columbia Mental Maturity Scale Ravens Progressive Matrices

    Language

    Wechsler: Verbal Scales

    Receptive VerbalLanguage

    Ability to understandincoming spokenlanguage.

    Test of Language Development-2(TOLD-2): Listening Composite

    Test of Auditory Comprehension ofLanguage-Revised

    Clinical Evaluation of LanguageFundamentals (CELF-R): Receptive

    Subtests Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised

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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    Wechsler: Verbal Scales

    Expressive VerbalLanguage

    Ability to convey ideasand relate informationthrough oral language.

    TOLD-2: Speaking Composite CELF-R: Expressive Subtests Woodcock-Johnson, Revised-Rests

    of Cognitive Ability (WJ-R COG):Oral Language Cluster

    Speech Exam and Language Sample

    Receptive NonverbalLanguage

    Ability to derive meaningfrom pictures, gestures,

    and facial expressions,and to interpret socialsituations without verbalclues.

    Wechsler: Picture Completion,Picture Arrangement, Object

    Assembly

    Stanford-Binet: FE Absurdities K-ABC: Gestalt Closure, PhotoSeries, Face Recognition

    Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude-2(DTLA-2): Conceptual Matching

    Observations of behavior

    Expressive NonverbalLanguage

    Ability to conveymeaning throughgestures, facial

    expressions, anddrawings.

    Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test Kinetic Family Drawing ITPA: Manual Expression

    Observations of behavior

    Auditory Skills

    Auditory

    Discrimination

    Ability to detect subtlelikenesses and

    difference betweenspeech sounds.

    Wepman Auditory DiscriminationTest 2nd Edition

    Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills(TAPS): Auditory Word

    Discrimination Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Test

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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    Auditory Discrimination

    Auditory Analysis

    Ability to break wordsinto syllables and/ordiscrete soundcomponents

    WJ-R, Cognitive: Incomplete Words Slingerland: Test 7, Echolalia Auditory Analysis Task (plant = p-l-a-

    n-t)

    Auditory Synthesis

    Ability to combinesupplied sounds orsyllables into words

    (sound blending).

    WJ-R, Cognitive: Sound Blending Mann-Suiter Sound Blending

    Auditory ImmediateMemory

    Ability to retaininformation just heard fora short period of time(no storage involved).

    Wechsler: Digit Span Stanford-Binet: FE- Memory for

    Sentences, Memory for Digits K-ABC: Number Recall, Word Order WJ-R, Cognitive: Memory for

    Sentences, Memory for Words DTLA-2: Sentence Imitation, Word

    Sequences, Oral Directions

    Auditory RecentMemory

    Ability to store and recallrecently heard auditorymaterial.

    Slingerland: Tests 6, 8 Ray Auditory-Verbal Learning Test

    Wechsler: Information, Similarities,

    Auditory Remote

    Memory

    Ability to store and recallauditory material heard

    several moths or yearsearlier.

    Vocabulary, Comprehension Stanford-Binet: FE Vocabulary,

    Comprehension, Verbal Relations

    WJ-R, Achievement: KnowledgeCluster Peabody Individual Achievement

    Test- Revised: General Information

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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    Visual Skills

    Wechsler: Performance ScaleAbility to detect subtlelikenesses and

    WJ-R, Cognitive: Visual Matching,Cross Out

    Visual Discrimination differences in visualstimuli such as symbols,pictures, and designs.

    Motor Free Visual Perception Test Slingeland: Test 4 Test of Visual Perceptual Skills

    (TVPS): Visual Discrimination

    Wechsler: Performance Scale

    Visual Analysis

    Ability to identify theparts of a visual stimulusand to differentiate figurefrom ground.

    K-ABC: Gestalt Closure, Triangles,Matrix Analogies, Photo Series

    Slingerland: Tests 1, 2, 3, 8 Motor Free Visual Perception Test Jordan Left-Right Reversal Test

    (1990 Edition) Observations of word list and

    paragraph reading

    Ability to identify the Wechsler: Picture Arrangement,Visual parts of a visual stimulus Block Design, Object AssemblyAnalysis/Synthesis and to combine visual K-ABC: Triangles, Photo Series

    elements into a whole. Ravens Progressive Matrices

    Visual ImmediateMemory

    Ability to retaininformation just seen fora short period of time(no storage involved).

    Wechsler: Coding Stanford-Binet:FE Bead Memory, Memory forObjects

    K-ABC: Hand Movements, SpatialMemory

    WJ-R, Cognitive, Picture Recognition

    Visual RecentMemory

    Ability to store and recallrecently seen visualinformation

    Slingerland: Tests 3, 5 Ray Complex Figure Drawing Weekly Spelling Tests

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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    Ability to store and recall Wechsler: Picture Completion,

    Visual Remote visual information seen Object AssemblyMemory several months or years Achievement tests: word recognition,earlier. oral reading, spelling

    Visual-SpatialOrientation

    Ability to perceive spatialrelationships involvingones own body and theenvironment. Ability toorganize and interpretspatial relationships on a

    two-dimensional level asin copying, writing, orreading.

    Slingerland Tests: 1, 2 Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test Jordan Left-Right Reversal Test

    (1990) Wechsler: Block Design Right-Left Discrimination Test

    Observations of written work,reading, and behavior

    Visual Scanning

    Ability to investigatevisual material in asystematic, organizedway.

    Slingerland: Tests 3, 4, 8 Motor Free Visual Perception Test Jordan Left-Right Reversal Test

    (1990) Observations of paragraph reading

    Motor Skills

    Wechsler: Coding, Mazes

    Fine MotorCoordination

    Ability to control finemuscle movements, asin writing, drawing, andcutting

    Stanford-Binet: FE Copying Bender-Gestalt Developmental Test of Visual-Motor

    Integration (VMI) Slingerland: Tests 1, 2, 5, 6 Observations of writing, drawing, and

    cutting

    Fine MotorCoordination Speech

    Ability to coordinatearticulatory movementpatterns for speech

    Speech Exam Slingerland: Echolalia

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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    Tactile-KinestheticDiscrimination

    Ability to identify and

    interpret informationgained through touchand movement

    Task: Examiner moves childs

    fingers to form letters or numberswith eyes closed; child identifies

    Task: Examiner teaches a new word

    Kinesthetic MemoryAbility to rememberinformation gainedthrough movement

    through repeated writing; childreproduces letter

    Observations of motor patterns inwriting

    Gross MotorCoordination

    Ability to coordinate

    large musclemovements as inrunning, walking,skipping, and throwing.

    Bruininks Oseretsky Test of MotorProficiency Observation of gross motor activities

    Modality Integration

    Ability to transferinformation from onesensory modality toanother. Ability tocoordinate two or three

    modalities in theproduction of outgoingresponses.

    Slingerland Halstead Reitan and Reitan

    Indiana Neuropsychological TestBatteries

    WJ-R, Cognitive: Visual AuditoryLearning

    Comparisons of performance onacademic tasks such as reading,copying, and dictated spelling

    Social and Emotional Adjustment

    Self-Concept andRelationships with

    Others

    Projective Drawing Tests Apperception Tests (CAT, TAT,

    Roberts) Piers-Harris Self Concept Scale Sentence Completion Tests Rorschach

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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    Social Maturity andAppropriateness ofBehavior

    Woodcock-Johnson Scales of

    Independent Behavior (SIB) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Developmental Profile II Child Behavior Checklist Conners Parent & Teacher Rating

    Scales Behavior Evaluation Scale 2

    Academic Skills and Achievement

    Wechsler Individual Achievement

    Reading and PhonicsSkills

    Ability to decodeunfamiliar words, torecognize familiar words,and to understandwritten material.

    Test (WIAT): Reading Composite Woodcock-Johnson, Revised-Tests

    of Achievement (WJ-R ACH):Reading Subtests

    Kaufman Test of EducationalAchievement (K-TEA): ReadingComposite

    Ekwall Reading Test Informal survey of phonics skills

    Spelling Skills

    Ability to encode wordsin written form. Use ofspelling rules, visualrecall, and auditoryanalysis skills inencoding words.

    WIAT: Spelling K-TEA: Spelling Wide Range Achievement Test-3

    (WRAT-3): Spelling Dictated Spelling Tasks

    Handwriting Skills

    Neatness, spatial

    organization, andknowledge of manuscriptand/or cursivealphabets.

    WIAT: Written Expression Test of Written Language 2 (TOWL-

    2) Slingerland, Tests 1, 2, 5, 6 Alphabet writing task Classroom Writing Samples

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    Common Educational Tests used for Assessments for Special Education

    PROCESS DEFINITION TESTS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION

    WIAT: Writing Composite

    Written LanguageSkills

    Ability to organize andrelate ideas in writtenform. Knowledge ofwritten languagemechanics skills.

    Test of Written Language 2 Test of Early Written Language(TEWL)

    Test of Written English WJ-R, Achievement: Written

    Language Subtests

    Mathematics Skills

    Ability to performarithmetic computationsand to solve problems

    involving mathematicalconcepts and reasoning.

    WIAT: Mathematics Composite Key Math-Revised WJ-R, Achievement: Mathematics

    Subtests

    K-TEA: Mathematics Composite WRAT-3: Arithmetic

    Physical Health and Development

    Visual ActivityKeenness ofvision.

    Snellen Vision Screening Titmus Test

    Auditory Activity Keenness ofhearing Pure Tone Audiometric Screening Tympanometry

    Health &DevelopmentalHistory

    Health & Developmental Interview Neurodevelopmental Exam

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