Antifúngicos en aspergillosis y Tratamiento de la aspergillosis
Aspergillosis in breeding turkeys
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1 Jacques Guillot, Simon Thierry, Pascal Arné UMR AFSSA, ENVA BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France Aspergillosis Aspergillosis in in breeding turkeys breeding turkeys: from experimental from experimental infections infections… …to to field field investigations investigations Introduction • aspergillosis in a very wide range of avian species… • of utmost importance in turkeys Introduction Annual production of turkeys Reproductors ♂-♀ Primary breedings Hatcheries Introduction Commercial production Generic pools Great grand parents chronic aspergillosis brooder pneumonia chronic aspergillosis egg aspergillosis significant economic losses Experimental models In different avian species in chickens Fadl Elmula et al. 1984; O’Meara & Chute, 1959; Taylor & Burroughs, 1973; Van Cutsem, 1983 in starlings A tasaver & Gümüssoy, 2004 in ducks Graczyk et al., 1998 in Japanese quails Chaudhary & Sadana, 1988; Gümüssoy et al. 2004; Olson, 1969 in pigeons Van Cutsem et al., 1989; Beernaert et al., 2008 in ostriches Walker, 1915 in turkeys Kunkle & Rimler, 1996; Kunkle & Sacco, 1998; Kunkle et al., 1999; Redig, 1986; Richard et al., 1981; Richard & Thurston, 1983, Richard et al., 1991; Féménia et al. 2007 Experimental models inoculation routes inoculation routes inoculation in inoculation in the thoracic the thoracic air sac, in air sac, in the lungs the lungs, in , in the trachea the trachea inhalation models inhalation models with with or or without immunosuppression without immunosuppression to to study host-pathogen study host-pathogen interactions interactions to to develop develop diagnostic diagnostic tools tools to test to test the efficacy the efficacy of of antifungal drugs antifungal drugs to to evaluate evaluate vaccines vaccines… In different avian species With different protocols With different objectives… lungs lungs / / air sacs air sacs
Transcript of Aspergillosis in breeding turkeys
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Jacques Guillot, Simon Thierry, Pascal ArnéUMR AFSSA, ENVA BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
Aspergillosis Aspergillosis in in breeding turkeysbreeding turkeys::
from experimental from experimental infectionsinfections…… ……to to field field investigationsinvestigations
Introduction
• aspergillosis in a very wide range of avian species…
• of utmost importance in turkeys
Introduction
Annual production of turkeys
Reproductors ♂-♀
Primary breedings
Hatcheries
Introduction
Commercialproduction
Generic poolsGreat grand parents
chronicaspergillosis
brooderpneumonia
chronicaspergillosis
eggaspergillosis
significant economic losses
Experimental models
In different avian species
in chickensFadl Elmula et al. 1984; O’Meara & Chute, 1959; Taylor & Burroughs, 1973; Van Cutsem, 1983
in starlingsA tasaver & Gümüssoy, 2004
in ducks Graczyk et al., 1998
in Japanese quails Chaudhary & Sadana, 1988; Gümüssoy et al. 2004; Olson, 1969
in pigeons Van Cutsem et al., 1989; Beernaert et al., 2008
in ostriches Walker, 1915
in turkeysKunkle & Rimler, 1996; Kunkle & Sacco, 1998; Kunkle et al., 1999; Redig, 1986; Richard et al., 1981; Richard & Thurston, 1983, Richard et al., 1991; Féménia et al. 2007
Experimental models
inoculation routesinoculation routesinoculation in inoculation in the thoracic the thoracic air sac, in air sac, in the lungsthe lungs, in , in the tracheathe tracheainhalation modelsinhalation models
with with or or without immunosuppressionwithout immunosuppression
to to study host-pathogen study host-pathogen interactionsinteractionsto to develop develop diagnostic diagnostic toolstoolsto test to test the efficacy the efficacy of of antifungal drugsantifungal drugsto to evaluate evaluate vaccinesvaccines……
In different avian species
With different protocols
With different objectives…
lungslungs / / air sacsair sacs
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Experimental models
Weighing + + + + + +Blood sample + + + + + +
Mycology - - - - - +
Histology - - - - - +
D0 D1 D4
101077 conidiaconidiaof of A.A. fumigatusfumigatus
in in thoracic thoracic air sacair sac
D2 D6
D7
16 one -dayold chicks
Experimental models
Weighing + + + + + +Blood sample + + + + + +
Mycology - - - - - +
Histology - - - - - +
D0 D1 D4D2 D6
D7
16 one-dayold chicks
4 one-dayold chicks
Experimental models
16 infectedchicks
4 controlchicks
Le Loch’ et al. 2007
Experimental models
Weighing + + + + +
Mycology - + + + +
Histology - + + + +
D0 D1 D7D3 D10
16 one-dayold chicks
4 one-dayold chicks
Experimental models
Féménia et al. 2007
Hyphae and swollen conidia(PAS stain, bar = 10 µm)
D1
Air sac
Numerous small radiating hyphae(Methenamine Silver stain, bar = 10 µm)
Experimental models
Féménia et al. 2007
Hyphae in giant cells(Methenamine silver stain, bar = 10 µm)
D3pulmonary tissue
Early evolution of the inflammatory cellpopulation: mononuclear cells and
heterophils (HES stain, bar = 10 µm)
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Experimental models
Féménia et al. 2007
Intra-granulomatous fungi, phagocytized bymultinucleate giant cells
(Methenamine silver stain, bar = 10 µm)
D7pulmonary tissue
Reproductors ♂-♀
Primary breedings
Hatcheries
Field investigations
Commercialproduction
Generic poolsGreat grand parents
Field investigations
• • a 600 ma 600 m22 confinement building in the Center of France confinement building in the Center of France
• • a flock comprising 4500 turkeysa flock comprising 4500 turkeys females slaughtered at the age of 12 w and males at the age of 16 w females slaughtered at the age of 12 w and males at the age of 16 w
Genotyping Genotyping of of environmentalenvironmentaland clinicaland clinical A. A. fumigatusfumigatus
isolatesisolates
(2 microsatellite markers)(2 microsatellite markers)Bart-Delabesse Bart-Delabesse et alet al. J. Clin. . J. Clin. MicrobiolMicrobiol. 1998. 1998
Field investigations
5 males5 males 5 5 femalesfemales
10 healthy chicks,
23 isolates,
1 unique genotype
Lair-Fulleringer et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003
Field investigations
9 9 healthy turkeyshealthy turkeys, 55 , 55 isolatesisolates, 17 , 17 genotypesgenotypes
Lair-Fulleringer et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003
Field investigations
2 carcass condemnations,
36 isolates,
2 genotypes
Lair-Fulleringer et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003
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Field investigations
362 air samples, 134 isolates
53 genotypes
16 week-sampling periodLair-Fulleringer et al. Poultry Science 2006
Reproductors ♂-♀
Primary breedings
Hatcheries
Field investigations
Commercialproduction
Generic poolsGreat grand parents
Field investigations
• • a 700 ma 700 m22 hatchery, 6 rooms with 12 incubators hatchery, 6 rooms with 12 incubators
••
Genotyping Genotyping of of environmentalenvironmentalA. A. fumigatusfumigatus isolates isolates
Multi Locus VNTR Multi Locus VNTR AnalysisAnalysis
Poster PP-07-16 Poster PP-07-16 Thierry Thierry et alet al. ISHAM 2009. ISHAM 2009
Thierry Thierry et alet al. 2009. 2009
Room 1Room 1
RoomRoom 22
RoomRoom 33
RoomRoom 44
RoomRoom 55
RoomRoom 66
Conclusion
Aspergillosis in turkeys = = not a single not a single entity entity but a but a complex complex of of several diseasesseveral diseases……
• • host-phost-pathogen athogen interactions ?interactions ?
• • circulation of circulation of A. A. fumigatusfumigatus in animal in animal facilities facilities ??
• • prevention program prevention program ??
Acknowledgements
Pascal Pascal ArnéArnéRené René ChermetteChermetteManjula Manjula DevilleDevilleFrançoise Françoise FéméniaFéméniaDominique HuetDominique HuetSimon Thierry (Simon Thierry (PhDPhD))Adélaide Nieguitsila Adélaide Nieguitsila ((PhDPhD))Guillaume Le LochGuillaume Le Loch’’ (master) (master)AnaAnaïs ïs Desouter Desouter (master)(master)Eléonor Mazzola-Rossi Eléonor Mazzola-Rossi (master)(master)
Stéphane BretagneStéphane BretagneFrançoise Françoise BotterelBotterel
U511
Dominique Dominique MazierMazierCarine Carine MarinacMarinacJean-Yves BrossasJean-Yves Brossas
Janssen-CilagJanssen-CilagEtienne MeissonnierEtienne Meissonnier
Couvoir Couvoir GrelierGrelierVincent Vincent GallardGallardGérard Gérard LévèqueLévèque
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