Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah
description
Transcript of Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah
![Page 1: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah
PENDAHULUAN(Minggu 2)
![Page 2: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AKRONIM TERKAIT
• NIMBY: Not In My Backyard• LULU: Locally Unwanted Land Use• BANANA: Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere
Near Anything• 3R’s: Reduce-Reuse-Recycle• 5R’s: Rethink-Reduce-Reuse-Recycle-Recovery• 7R’s: Respect-Rethink-Reduce-Reuse-Recycle-
Repair-Renew
![Page 3: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Alasan Perlunya DUL
Sebenarnya banyak alasan kenapa DUL menjadi penting. Secara garis besar, DUL penting karena:
• Alasan kelangkaan sumber daya alam• Alasan ekonomis• Alasan lingkungan
Diskusi: Break down tiap alasan menjadi sub alasan
![Page 4: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BEBERAPA ISU TERKAIT DAUR ULANG LIMBAH
• Basel convention on the control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes &their disposal (tahun 1989) Pengesahan mell KepPres No 61 th 1993 Pengesahan amandemen mell PP 47 th 2005 Limbah VS Bahan Baku
• Perlunya product design approach, Economical cost VS Sistem daur ulang yang lebih baik
• Peran pemerintah VS Partisipasi dan Kesadaran masyarakat
• UU No 18 th 2008: Tuntutan peran industrial VS Beban ke konsumen, terutama terkait kemasan plastik
![Page 5: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
KONSEP END OF PIPE
• Konsep ini menitik beratkan tindakan terhadap limbah yang sudah terbentuk (pendekatan hilir), terutama berupa proses pengolahan & pembuangan limbah
• Kendala yang dihadapi dalam penerapan konsep end of pipe:– Pendekatan ini bersifat reaktif tindakan setelah
limbah terbentuk.– Tidak efektif dalam memecahkan permasalahan
lingkungan pengolahan limbah beresiko pindahnya polutan dari satu media ke media lingkungan lainnya
![Page 6: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
KONSEP END OF PIPE• Kendala yang dihadapi (Lanjutan) :
– Biaya investasi dan operasi tinggi Butuh biaya tambahan sehingga biaya persatuan produk naik Industri enggan mengoperasikan sarana pengolahan limbah yang telah ada Dampak ke produsen dan konsumen
– Butuh kontrol terhadap pengolahan limbah Perangkat peraturan dan penegakannya, biaya dan SDM yang handal, dan kontrol sosial
![Page 7: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
KONSEP END OF PIPE
• Bisa diarahkan untuk menghasilkan suatu by product yang bisa dimanfaatkan lebih jauh Salahsatu implementasi konsep daur ulang
• Misalkan: – Pemanfaatan gasbio dari landfilling– Recovery logam dari IPAL– Pemanfaatan air limbah (domestik, industri maupun
air hujan)– Contoh lain ???
![Page 8: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
KONSEP CRADLE to GRAVE Pendekatan komprehensif pengelolaan
limbahMencakup daur hidup suatu material di
berbagai tahapan di: generator, pengangkut, pengolahan dan pemantauan
Di generator: termasuk diantaranya menyangkut proses sebelum terbentuknya limbah
![Page 9: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Kegiatan Exploitas yang menghasilkan bahan baku untuk industri dan juga limbah
Kegiatan Produksi yangmenghasilkan bahan produkSiap pakai dan limbah
Kegiatan Pengelolaan Limbah
Gambaran lain dari Cradle to Grave
![Page 12: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Gambaran Sistem cradle to grave dari suatu material (packaging)dari sebuah kotak plastik
Bagaimana sebuah Kardus diproduksiDan akhirnya menjadi limbah?
![Page 13: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PASIFMengabaikan polusi
REAKTIFPengenceran dan dispersi
PROAKTIFCleaner Production
Tindakan industri terkait polusi
KONSTRUKTIFKonsep End-of-pipe
1 2
43
![Page 14: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HIRARKI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH
![Page 15: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Waste Prevention
• Pencegahan timbulnya limbah dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, terutama yang menyangkut proses di hulu Lebih banyak diimplementasikan melalui konsep teknologi / teknologi bersih
![Page 16: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Alternatif 1: Penggantian bahan masuk
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
WASTES & EMISSIONS
1/ Change inputs materials, water and energy:> Replacing toxic or harmful materials with less toxic> Use of renewable materials> Use materials with longer lifetime> Material purification
Change INPUT MATERIALS
IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION
![Page 17: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Alternatif 2: Penggantian Teknologi
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
2/ Technologychange:
> Replacing > Equipment modification> Optimal process conditions> Increased automation> Improved process control> Improved equipment lay-out
Improve equipment and process control
New technology
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Change INPUT MATERIALS
IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION
![Page 18: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Alternatif 3: Praktek pengoperasian yg baik
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
3/ Improved operationpractices:
> Production scheduling> Energy management (peak shaving)> Maintenance programmes> Working instructions and procedures> Training and incentives program> Adequate process control operations> Proper maintenance and cleaning
Improved management
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Workers skills & process control
Improve equipment and process control
Change INPUT MATERIALS
New technology
IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION
![Page 19: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PRODUCTSmodification
Alternatif 4: Modifikasi Produk
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
4/ Product modification:> Recycling friendly design> Product Life Extension> More efficient, less material intensive packaging> Reduction of harmful substances.
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Improve equipment and process control
Improved management
Workers skills & process control
Change INPUT MATERIALS
New technology
IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION
![Page 20: Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061612/56816138550346895dd096b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Alternatif 5: Reuse and recycling
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
5/ On-site reuse and recycling:
> On site recovery and re-use of raw materials in the process, waste water, waste heat and cooling water > Transforming waste into useful by-products> Waste segregation and storage
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Improve equipment and process control
Improved management
Workers skills & process control
PRODUCTSmodification
Re-use and recycling
Change INPUT MATERIALS
New technology
IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION