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1966

Aspects of Early Allegheny DepositionalEnvironments in Eastern Ohio.Ronald K. ZimmermanLouisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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Recommended CitationZimmerman, Ronald K., "Aspects of Early Allegheny Depositional Environments in Eastern Ohio." (1966). LSU HistoricalDissertations and Theses. 1175.https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1175

This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 6 6 -1 0 ,9 2 5

ZIM M ERM AN, R onald K „ 1 9 3 5 - A S P E C T S O F E A R L Y A L L E G H E N Y D EPO SITIO N A L EN V IR O N M EN TS IN E A S T E R N OHIO.

L o u is ia n a State U n iv e r s ity , P h .D ., 1966 G eo lo g y

University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan

ASPECTS OF EARLY ALLEGHENY DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTSIN EASTERN OHIO

A Dissertation

Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and

Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophyin

The Department of Geology

byRonald K. Zimmerman

B.S., University of Illinois, 1960 M.S., Louisiana State University, 196 3

May, 1966

ACKNOWLEDGMENT S

The writer wishes to express his gratitude to the

various members of the faculty who reviewed the manuscript. Particular notes of gratitude are due Dr. John C. Ferm,

Associate Professor of Geology/ for introducing the author to the problem, critically guiding the study to completion and providing funds for field study under NSF grant G-18816

Dr. J. Keith Rigby, Visiting Professor of Geology (1964-65),

for assisting with identification of fossils in the carbon­ates; Dr. Frank Iddings, of the LSU Nuclear Science Center,

for assisting with the neutron activation analyses of the ironstones; Mr. Lewis G. Nicols, for assistance with photo­micrographs; Mr. Philip B. Larimore, for assistance in

drafting the illustrations; the Ohio Geological Survey for making available unpublished descriptions of stratigraphic sections; and to numerous persons in the field area for

permitting access to their property. Notes of appreciation are also expressed to fellow graduate students; Romeo M.

Flores, Victor V. Cavaroc, Jr., and Harry H. Roberts, all of whom have completed or are' presently engaged in work on

ii

the Allegheny rocks, for the many critical discussions and arguments concerning the study; and John B. Echols and others, too numerous to mention, who acted as sounding boards for my ideas concerning the study.

Finally, I owe a special expression of gratitude to my wife, Mary Lou Camp Zimmerman, and family for their encouragement and forbearance during the course of this study.

TABLE OP CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i iLIST OF PLATES, FIGURES, AND TABLES....................... vii

ABSTRACT.................................................. X

ChapterI . INTRODUCTION.................................... 1

Scope of Study................................ 1

General Geology ............... 2II. LITHOSTRATIGRARHY OF THE LOWER ALLEGHENY. . . 5

General Description of Lithic Types . . . . 6

Detrital Rocks............................. 9Sandstone ................................ 9Siltstone and Silty Shale . . . . . . . 10Claystone . . . . . 11

Chemical Rocks...................... 12

Coal...................................... 12Seat R o c k ................................ 13C h e r t ............... 13

Ironstone................................ 14Limestone . . . . .......................

iv

Chapter PageSpatial Distribution of Lithic Types. . . . 16

Stratigraphic Components of Clarion Formation.................................. 16Summary and Working Hypotheses........... 19

III. DETAILED STUDY OF SOME LOWER ALLEGHENYCHEMICAL R O C K S . ........................... 22

Introduction.................................. 22Ironstones........... 22

Silicon Content and Paleogeographic Inferences. . ........................... 28

Limestones.................................... 30

Petrographic Analysis .................. 32Micrite ......................... 34

Microspar ............................. 41Spar....................................... 41Bioclasts................................ 42Other Components......................... 44

Petrographic Summary and Paleogeographic Inferences.................................. 46

IV. RECONSTRUCTION OF DEPOSITIONALENVIRONMENTS.................................... 49

Introduction.................................. 49Sedimentary Development of the LowerAllegheny ......................... 54

V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS............... 66

v

PageREFERENCES C I T E D ........................ 69A P P E N D I X ...................................... 73

V I T A .......................................... 123

vi

LIST OF PLATES

Plate Page

I. Location of stratigraphic control" . . . in envelope

II. Cross section A - B .........................in envelopeIII. Cross section C - D .............. in envelopeIV. Cross section E-F & G - J in envelope

V. Cross section I-J-H & K - H - M .............. in envelopeVI. Cross section C-L . .................... in envelope

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page

1. Allegheny outcrop area on flanks ofAllegheny Synclinorium. . . . . .............. 3

2. Schematic cross section of lower Alleghenyrocks in eastern O h i o ......................... 7

3. Outcrop of the Clarion Formation in northeastern Ohio .............................. 8

4. Depositional models applicable to thegenesis of lower Allegheny rocks.............. 21

5. Index map of 15 minute quadrangles showing chemical rock sampling localities . .......... 23

6 . Ironstones in the upper Clarion at the Newcastle no. 2 s e c t i o n ........... ........... 25

vii

Figure Page7. Schematic cross section of lower Allegheny

marine-brackish-freshwater zones ineastern Ohio.............................. 29

8 . Photomicrograph of section 2397 .............. 379. Photomicrograph of section 2 4 1 4 .............. 37

10. Photomicrograph of section 2403 .............. 38

11. Photomicrograph of section 2 4 1 5 .............. 3812. Photomicrograph of section 2 4 1 1 .............. 3913. Photomicrograph of section 2 4 1 6 ........... . 39

14. Photomicrograph of section 2393 .............. 4015. Photomicrograph of section 2399 .............. 4016. Schematic cross section showing major

phases of progradation in eastern Ohio. . . . 50

17. Early Allegheny paleogeography;phases 1 & 2.............................. 52

18. Early Allegheny paleogeography? phase 2A. . . 5519. Early Allegheny paleogeography; phase 3 . . . 5820. Early Allegheny paleogeography; phase 4 . . . 6121. Early Allegheny paleogeography; phase 5 . . . 63

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

I. Silicon content in ironstone concretions. . . 26II. Index to limestone samples. . ............. 31

viii

Table PageIII. Limestone nomenclature......................... 33

IV. Limestone thin section point countestimates............... 35

ix

ABSTRACT

Lower Allegheny rocks of Middle Pennsylvanian age in eastern Ohio comprise a variety of chemical and detrital

rock types each presumably reflecting a particular environ­ment of deposition. Temporally and spatially these environments had a complex albeit systematic chronological arrangement, the reconstruction of which was achieved by

collecting, analyzing, and integrating the data from both field study of the spatial relationships of rock types and

detailed study of some of the chemical components (iron­

stones and limestones). Results from these lines of evi­

dence were interpreted in light of information from similar studies in southern Ohio and western Pennyslvania. Depo­sition of the lower Allegheny rocks was apparently in and around a complex set of prograding deltaic wedges. The direction of progradation was generally northward against a

relatively static shoreline. Loci of deposition shifted

constantly in a seaward direction with each wedge of detrital sediments passing through a cycle of subsidence, stagnation, and transgression during which chemical deposition dominated.

Each "dying" phase was followed by a new episode of active

sedimentation.

INTRODUCTION

Scope of Study

One of the goals of sedimentary petrology is decipher­

ing the history of sedimentary portions of the earth's crust. One facet of this problem, and the subject of this study, is reconstruction of depositional environments for a particular

assemblage of Middle Pennsylvanian (lower Allegheny) sedi­mentary rocks in eastern Ohio. The basic approaches to the study of this thin but highly complex rock unit are analysis

of the spatial relationships of rock types in the field and

detailed study of some of the chemical components (iron­stones and limestones). Both approaches lead to a recon­

struction of depositional environments of early Allegheny time. The chronological evolution of these environments is integrated and coordinated with the development of litho- facies of comparable age in southeastern Ohio and north­

western Pennsylvania.

1

2General Geology

Lower Allegheny strata in eastern Ohio crop out along the west flank of the Allegheny Synclinorium (figure 1).

Allegheny rocks in the southern part of the area dip about 100 feet per mile to the east and in the northern part about 50 feet per mile to the south. Lower Allegheny beds vary in thickness from 50 to 125 feet and consist of a great variety of thin, often discontinuous sandstones, siltstones, shales, coals, "underclays," and limestones which are not grossly

dissimilar to those of the underlying Pottsville and over- lying Allegheny strata. Among detrital rocks, sandstones are more abundant in the south whereas shales and siltstones

are more abundant in the northern part of the area. Marine limestones and other zones bearing marine fossils are more

prevalent in the north than in the south and coal beds seem to be about equally distributed throughout the area.

Published information on the early Allegheny consists

of numerous early reconnaissance, regional, county, economic and general geologic reports. Most of these (Stout, 1916, 1918, 1944; Stout and Schoenlaub 1945; White and Lamborn, 1949; Lamborn, 1951, 1954, 1956; Brandt, 1954, 1956; and

Delong and White, 1963) are purely descriptive and do not

3

79'

O H IO

Pittsburgh PENN.

POST-TALLEGHENY

39-W. VA_

ALLEGHENYOUTCROPAREA30

Figure 1. Allegheny Outcrop Area on Flanks of Allegheny Synclinoriura. Area of study indicated by dashed lines.

deal directly with petrogenesis. More recent investigations

on the Allegheny of western Pennsylvania (Perm, 1962, 1964; Williams and Perm, 1964; and Bergenback, 1964) deal with the genesis of the rocks in that area and an unpublished disser­

tation by Webb (1963) and unpublished, field data by Flores

deal with aspects of the Allegheny sedimentary development of southern Ohio. Also, the Ohio Geological Survey files contain a considerable volume of descriptive data on lower Allegheny strata of eastern Ohio. All of these sources of information were heavily drawn upon in providing the strati-

graphic synthesis given in the following pages.

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE LOWER ALLEGHENY

The spatial distribution of the various rock types of

the lower Allegheny was determined by field investigation and by collection of written records and literature study.

In addition to stratigraphic sections taken from published and unpublished sources, 58 sections were measured in the

field and previously measured sections were re-examined and modified when necessary. Most newly measured sections (see appendix) are located in northern Ohio where stratigraphic control was inadequate. All sections were plotted on stan­

dard log strips at a vertical scale of 1 inch equals 10 feet and indexed by 15 minute topographic quadrangles (Plate I).

Correlation and spatial distribution of rock types were

illustrated by stratigraphic cross sections constructed from

the log strips spaced horizontally at the scale of 1 inch

equals 4 miles, then photo-reduced to vertical and horizontal scales of 1 inch equals 20 feet and 1 inch equals 2 miles, respectively (Plates II through VI).

A generalized description of lithic types, stratigraphic names, and geographic location of lower Allegheny strata is

shown on figure 2. The stratigraphic names used in this report are applied only to rock units of at least subregion­

al lateral continuity and conform to the current nomencla­ture of the area. Modification of existing terminology or

creation of new stratigraphic names are not regarded as pertinent to this study. The terms upper and lower Clarion are in accord with Williams' (1959) designation of this unit

as the clarion Formation in western Pennsylvania and with Stout's (1916) reference to this unit as the Clarion shale. The base of the Vanport limestone of northeastern Ohio is

used herein as a convenient stratigraphic position for dividing the Clarion Formation into lower and"upper parts (figure 3). Because of some ambiguity in correlation in

southern Ohio and northeastern Kentucky, Webb's (1963) terms, "lower Allegheny" and "Allegheny" are retained.

General Description of Lithic Types

Krynine (1954) subdivided sedimentary rocks into two

litho-genetic groups— detrital and chemical. The Clarion

Formation of eastern Ohio contains several members of both

basic groups. Detrital rocks are composed primarily of

clastic silicates which were carried into the basin of

O H I OFIGURE 2

SCHEMATIC CROSS SECTION O f B s o c k s i n mm o h k

SOCKS O f A llEG HENY AGE

O W ER K IT TA N N IN G COALALLEGHENY SAN D5T0N ES SILISFONES, AND SHALES

ooiriflo rrom r r e o o . 1

UPPER CCL A RIO NSA N D S ICOAL

A N D

VANPORT LIMESTONELOWER CLAR O NCOALLOWER ALLEGHENYFLINT SA N D S TO N ES, SILTSTONES

SA N D STO N ES, SILTSTONES A N D SHALESA N D SHALES ZALESKO G A

M FLINCOAL

6ROOKVILLE COAL

ROCKS O r POTTSVILLE AGE

MILES

O H I O PA.FIGURE 2

SC HEM ATIC C R O S S S E C T IO N O f LOWER ALLEGHENY R O C K S IN EASTERN O H IO

R O C K S O F ALLEGHENY AGE

LOWER KITTANNING COAL

LOWER K I llA N N lN G IINDERCLAY* 1

miE C O A L TTr~H

FEET r75

S A N D S T O N E S , S IL T S T O N E S , A N D SH A L E S

L O W E R C L A R IO N S A N D S T O N E S , S IL T S T O N E S

A N D SH A L E S

W IN T E R SC O A L

Z A L ESK I T

P U T N A M HILL L IM E S T O N E B R O O K V IL LE C O A L

• 5 0

■25

LO

R O C K S O F POTTSVILLE AGE

o 2 0 4 0i— — jM ILES

8

I- i• i

!

Figure 3. Outcrop of the Clarion Formation in northeastern Ohio (TJhrichsville no. 14 section) . a - Brookville coal; b - Putnam Hill limestone; c - lower Clarion; d - upper Clarion; e - Vanport limestone.

deposition as solid particles derived from a distant source. Size classes represented range from coarse sand to clay. Chemical rocks are composed of materials generated chemi­

cally by inorganic or biogenetic processes within the area of deposition. Clarion chemical rocks which are composed of primary organic and chemical components are coal, some chert, ironstone, and limestone whereas those of secondary origin (altered from other rocks) are residual chert and some

"seat rock" (commonly referred to as underclay).

Detrital Rocks

The major detrital rocks are sandstone, siltstone, and

claystone, each size class presumably reflecting decreasingo

hydraulic energy.

Sandstones

Most sandstones are composed of very fine to fine

grained sand and occur in solid units less than ten feet in thickness. Sandstone units with thicknesses on the order of tens of feet commonly have coarser grain sizes at the base and become finer upward.

Most of the sandstones are low rank graywackes contain­ing about 50 percent quartz, 30 to 40 percent micaceous rock

10fragments, and minor amounts of clay minerals and other con­

stituents (Webb, 1963). Orthoquartzitic lenses occur within some of the thicker sandstone beds.

Freshly exposed sandstones are commonly light to medium

gray presumably reflecting the unaltered color of the mineral components whereas weathered exposures are generally light tan or buff, probably due to oxidation of iron bearing minerals.

Siltstone and Silty Shale:Siltstone and silty shale make up the largest propor­

tion of lower Allegheny detrital rocks. Nearly all silt­

stones contain a considerable quantity (20-50 percent) of

clay size material and where the clay size fraction exceeds

that of silt, siltstone grades into silty shale. Within the lower Allegheny most siltstones occur beneath or are laterally equivalent to sandstone and contact relationships

are commonly gradational.

In terms of mineral composition most of the siltstones are low rank graywackes. The silt size fraction is mostly

quartz whereas the clay fraction is predominantly hydro­mica (mostly illite). In many outcrops ironstone (siderite)

nodules and layers, generally less than 4 inches thick, are

11dispersed throughout the silty shales and, to a lesser

extent, in the siltstones.Fresh exposures of siltstone and silty shale are usually

various shades of gray. Particle size and bedding charac­

teristics are important factors controlling color. Dark grays seem to indicate an abundance of very fine grained clay mineral particles whereas lighter grays commonly reflect

coarser sizes. Weathered siltstones are generally light gray or buff due to oxidation of iron bearing mineral com­

ponents.

Claystone:Claystone refers to very fine grained rocks composed

mainly of clay-size constituents. In this report the term

clay shale is used synonomously with claystone since it is

a more descriptive term referring not only to grain size but

also to degree of cleavage and/or bedding. The majority of

lower Allegheny clay shales contain between 20 and 50 per­

cent silt-size material and commonly grade upward or lateral­ly into silty shale.

Hydro-micas and kaolinite make up most of the clay-size

minerals but small amounts of quartz and other detrital

minerals are also present. Ironstones, which are common in

. 12silty shales, are also abundant in clay shales. Marine and

brackish fossil debris contributes calcareous material to

the shales, especially in zones directly overlying coal beds or limestones.

Clay shales.are usually darker than silty shales and, where finely divided plant debris is abundant, the rock is

often very dark gray or nearly black. The unweathered out­

crops of some sparsely fossiliferous clay shales are green

and usually become gray with continued *exposure.

Chemical Rocks

The chemical rocks of the lower Allegheny can be sub­

divided on the basis of mineral composition and among lime­stones grain and/or crystal size is a suitable criterion for

further subdivision.

Coal;

Lower Allegheny coals are composed of bright vitranous bands (presumably resulting from large woody plant tissues) and dull layers of finely macerated plant material, pyritized plant debris, or shaly partings. The coal is of bituminous

rank and occurs in-beds ranging in thickness from less than

1 inch to 6 feet. Stratigraphic positions of these coals

are indicated on figure 2 .

Seat Rock;

Lower Allegheny seat rock (underclay) is composed of clay minerals as well as some carbonaceous matter and quartz.

The principal clay minerals are probably similar to those of Pennsylvanian underclays in Illinois which are composed of illite, mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite, and illite-

montmorillonite-chlorite (Schultz, 1958). Most of the

clayey seat rock is plastic, with colors of light gray or

cream mottled with dark shades of gray, brown, or purple.

Much of the carbonaceous material is in the form of root

fossils, indicating that seat rock is probably ancient soil.

Root penetration has destroyed stratification and dark organic pigments common to other fine grained rocks seem to have been destroyed by leaching.

ChertsLower Allegheny cherts appear to have diverse origins;

some .probably formed from solidified amorphous silica gel, whereas others appear to be definitely the result of concen­trations of organic spicules. A small quantity are secon­

dary, replacing some limestones and filling vugs in others.

14Chert occurs in three stratigraphic positions. The

lower two— Kilgore and Zaleski (figure 2)— are composed pri­

marily of siliceous sponge spicules matted together in a silica-cemented quartz silt matrix (Webb# 1963). The third stratigraphic occurrence of chert is the Vanport limestone of northeastern Ohio (see figure 2). Most of this chert in the ''northern" Vanport seems to be composed of chalcedony and small amounts of micro-crystalline quartz. Stout and

Schoenlaub (1945) report that one sample from this unit was composed of 99 percent silica.

Ironstone;

Ironstones are common minor components of lower Alle­

gheny clay shales, silty shales, and siltstones. They are

composed primarily of siderite and clay minerals and most

occur in bands or layers less than 6 inches thick. A few

occur as discoidal, ellipsoidal, and globular forms (verti­

cal thickness usually ranges from 0.5 to 6 inches) randomly distributed throughout the host rock. Most nodular forms

are enclosed in strata that drape over and under the con­cretions without disturbance of the individual laminae.Other forms commonly have laminae that continue through the

nodule without any major change. In the latter type laminae

15adjacent to the nodule are in some instances more compacted

than those within the nodule. Such an arrangement of mor­

phological features with respect to host rock suggests that ironstones became relatively non-compactable before the

surrounding rock.

Limestone;Fossiliferous marine limestone occurs at two strati­

graphic positions in the lower Allegheny. The lower of the two is the Putnam Hill, the basal marine unit of the Alle­gheny throughout most of Ohio (figure 3). The Vanport

limestone of northern Ohio occurs about 15-50 feet above the Putnam Hill or approximately midway between the Brookville and lower Kittanning coal beds. The Vanport of southern Ohio occurs about 20-40 feet above the Brookville coal bed

and directly above the "Clarion11 coal bed (figure 2) .The Putnam Hill limestone is very dark gray, clayey,

and usually has a constant thickness of about 2 feet. The

Vanport limestone of both southern and northern Ohio is

light to dark gray, commonly siliceous, and more variable

in thickness (20 feet or less) and is laterally less persist­

ent than the Putnam Hill.

16Spatial Distribution of Lithic Types

The various rock types of the lower Allegheny in Ohio have a systematic albeit complex spatial arrangement. In

southern Ohio (south of 39° 30' N. latitude) Webb (1963) has

described two offset wedge-shaped sedimentary units overlain

by a third which overlaps both subjacent wedges (see figure

2). Webb has ascribed the offset and overlap relationships

to deltaic progradation and shifting. The northernmost of

Webb's two lower deltaic wedges expands greatly in northern

Ohio and Pennsylvania where they represent the Clarion

rocks of this study. Variation in thickness of this unit and its components is shown on cross sections (Plate II through VI) and figure 2. Clarion rocks are thin (about 20 feet) along the northwest outcrop and have the greatest thickness (about 100 feet) along the east and southeast edge

of the outcrop. Most of this variation is due to thickening and thinning of the detrital members.

Stratigraphic Components of the Clarion Formation

North of 39° 30' N. latitude the Brookville coal, the

basal Allegheny unit of northeastern Ohio, is apparently

ubiquitous, seldom exceeding 4 feet in thickness and

17generally averaging 1.5 to 2 feet. The Brookville is either

directly overlain by the Putnam Hill limestone or separated from it by a few inches of fossiliferous shale. The Putnam Hill is a sheet-like, clayey, fossiliferous, limestone averaging approximately 1.5 to 2 feet in thickness. Thicker

limestone occurs at a few localities around the outer peri­

phery of the outcrop, especially around the northwest edge

of the arcuate outcrop in northern Ohio.The detrital rocks which overlie the Putnam Hill

generally contain marine-brackish fossils (chonetids and pro­

duct id brachiopods are.abundant) at the base and show a verti­

cal decrease in fossil abundance accompanied by a correspond­

ing increase in finely disseminated plant debris. These

rocks generally contain abundant ironstones and commonly grade upward from clay shale at the base to silty shale or

siltstone at the top.The Vanport limestone overlies the lower Clarion detri­

tal rocks. Though much less laterally persistent and litho-

logically consistent than the Putnam Hill, it is in most places a fossiliferous marine limestone or chert. It is

relatively thick (5 to 15 feet) and predominantly pure lime­

stone around the northwest and northern part of the area.

18Toward the southeast edge of the outcrop belt (structurally

down dip) it occurs as erratic pod-like bodies from a few inches to 18 feet thick and contains quartz and chert impurities. In some sections, e.g., Uhrichsville no. 14 and Conesville no. 18 (see Plate II) siliceous mineral components comprise a minor, but important, portion of the rock; still further south in the Frazeysburg quadrangle the Vanport is

predominantly chert.Upper Clarion detrital1 rocks are quite similar in

lithology to the detrital rocks of the lower Clarion. Most of these rocks contain abundant ironstones but rarely have

marine fossils. Vertical and/or lateral gradation of clay• r

shale or silty shale to siltstone is common. The upper

Clarion stratigraphic interval apparently thickens to the

east with an accompanying increase of detrital components.The Lower Kittanning underclay forms the upper boundary

for the upper Clarion detrital rocks. Although variable in thickness,"the underclay is usually present and in some

cases occupies most of the interval between the Vanport and the lower Kittanning coal (see Frazeysburg sections on Plate

II) .

19Summary and Working Hypotheses

The spatial arrangement of lower Allegheny rocks in

eastern Ohio illustrates relatively thick units of detrital rocks bounded by relatively thin units of chemical rocks (Plates IX through VI). Within the detrital units there is

a general gradation from fine-grain size at the bottom to coarse at the top. These characteristics are similar to

those of Allegheny rocks in northwestern Pennsylvania which Williams and Ferm (1964) ascribed to detrital wedge-shaped units typical of deltaic deposition. Similar lithic

sequences in the modern Mississippi River Delta (Coleman and Gagliano, 1964) further substantiate deltaic origin of

lower Allegheny sediments."Active" and "passive" processes of early Allegheny

deposition are reflected by detrital and chemical rocks, respectively. Presumably, detrital rocks reflect the effect

of active delta progradation whereas limestones, coals and seat rocks reflect less dynamic sedimentation during delta

stagnation and decay. Two combinations of these gross environments of deposition are sufficient to explain the mode of accumulation for the bulk of lower Allegheny rocks. These are (1) a prograding detrital wedge coupled with a

20regressive shoreline— the chemical rocks (limestones) of this

environment were deposited basinward away from the influence

of the prograding wedge (figure 4); and (2) a static detrital

wedge coupled with a transgressive shoreline— limestone, chert, seat rock, and coal of this environment were deposited

on the flanks and/or upper surfaces of the static wedge (figure 4). The lateral shifting of prograding wedges, a trait common to delta deposition the world over, appears to have been followed by stagnation, decay, and transgression

of each preceding wedge.Although the "depositional models11 of figure 4 depict

the probable environments in which lower Allegheny rocks

were deposited, additional data of a more specific type is needed to supplement and support these general contentions.

Two lines of evidence have already been applied on the

equivalent rock unit in northwestern Pennsylvania, chemical content and petrography of carbonate components (Weber and

Williams, 1965) (Bergenback, 1964). The following sections

of this report deal with similar evidence from the lower

Allegheny rocks of eastern Ohio.

21

DEPOSITIONAL MODELS

EX PLA N A TIO N

M SANDSTONE H SILTSTO N E m SHALE EHPUNDERCLAY' E 3 CHERT r a LIMESTONE ■ COAL

PROGRADING DETRITAL WEDGEREGRESSIVE SH O RELIN E■ >

DETRITAL W E D G E S

STATIC DETRITAL WEDGE TRANSGRESSIVE SH O R E L IN E

DETRITAL W E D G

Figure 4. Depositional models applicable to the genesis of lower Allegheny rocks.

DETAILED STUDY OP SOME LOWER ALLEGHENY CHEMICAL ROCKS

Introduction

Among the most conspicuous chemical rocks of the lower

Allegheny are ironstones, disseminated in shales and silt- stones, and the two limestone units, Putnam Hill and Van­port. Analysis of these two rock types comprise an inde­pendent test of hypotheses based mainly on general lithology. Ironstones were treated mostly by spectrochemical technique whereas limestones were studied petrographically.

Ironstones

Using spectrochemical techniques, Weber and Williams

(1965) have shown that the Si02 content of Allegheny iron­

stones is greater in freshwater than in marine nodules

whereas vanadium is relatively more abundant in marine than

in freshwater nodules. In order to determine whether these

criteria are in accord with general lithostratigraphic data,

samples were collected and analyzed from 16 stratigraphic

sections representing the spectrum of geographic and litho- logic variation. Specific locations of samples are shown on

23figures 5 and 7 and a typical sampling locality is shown on figure 6.

A record was made of the physical characteristics ("size," shape, lime contents, included fossils,’*' and the

type of enclosing rock) for each sample. Preparation of ironstone samples for chemical analysis consisted of remov­

ing the external "weathered" portion of each nodule, col­

lecting about 3 grams of fresh core material, and pulveri­

zing it in a commercial high frequency vibrator-grinder to a

particle size less than 300 mesh. Elemental silicon content

was determined by neutron activation analysis at the

Louisiana State University Nuclear Science Center, but

mechanical limitations of the analyzing equipment did not permit a vanadium analysis. Results of the silicon analysis are shown on table I .

Limits for salinity categories based on silicon content

are modified from Weber and Williams as follows: (1) fresh­water— greater than 14.8 percent silicon; (2) marine— less than 2.6 percent silicon and (3) brackish— 2.6 - 14.8 percent

T}

■*-In addition to fossils within ironstones, H. H. Roberts made a complete census of the fossils found in seven of the stratigraphic sections and presented the results in a M.S. thesis at Louisiana State University (Roberts, 1966).

24

• 70 Stratigraphic Section & Number (see appendix for description) • 2

o 1219

H O

HOM

W

OHIO

Figure 5 Index map of 15 minute quadrangles showing chemical rocksampling localities.

25

FEB •

Figure 6. Ironstones in the upper Clarion at the Newcastle no. 2 section. a -ironstone concretions; b - silty shale.

26Table I. Silicon content in ironstone concretions.

Stratigraphic section no.*

Sampleno.**

Siliconcontent

Zaleski 44 1 8.822 15.473 discarded4 6.005 3.366 5.88

Zaleski 70 1 7.802 14.04

New Lexington 17 2 8.193 9.454 10.855 11.13

New Lexington 25 1 11.272 8.723 11.554 7.025 3.666 4.207 9.598 11.55

Conesville 18 2 9.663 9.154 21.915 6.506 3.507 8.88

11 10.9812 31.64

Newcomerstown 14 2 13.583 discarded4 4.925 12.007 6.15

Newcomerstown 2a 2 5.813 5.604 6.725 discarded

Uhrichsville 14 2 7.56

27Table X. ContinuedStratigraphic section no.*

Sampleno.**

Siliconcontent

Uhrichsville 14 (continued) 3 10.014 5.465 7.026 9.107 14.968 6.00

19 - 16.6820 13.7221 19.5022 33.34

Navarre 24 2 8.053 17.644 22.645 8.88

Dover 19 2 5.303 13.164 6.36

Canton 8 4 8.825 12.176 6.54

10 6.78Alliance 15 2 2.60

4 1.76Newcastle 2 5 4.40

6 11.287 5.308 7.65

Beaver 7 1 6.662 5.464 4.985 8.106 14.847 11.64

Beaver 12 2 5.813 9.594 11.76

Beaver 2 4 6.72*Location of section shown in figure 5. See the appendix for stratigraphic description.

**Samples numbered from bottom to top of stratigraphic section.

28

silicon. Figure 7 shows the interpretation of environments,

based on silicon analysis, along a line of lower Allegheny section extending across eastern Ohio and western Pennsyl­vania.

Silicon Content and Paleogeographic Inferences

At least two depositional factors probably contribute

to the variation in silicon content of ironstones: (1) the proportion of freshwater entering the depositional site; and

(2) the average grain size of the sediment being deposited. The silicon content of freshwater exceeds that of marine

water, therefore, ironstones from a freshwater environment probably would contain more chemically precipitated silicon than those deposited in a marine environment. In addition most ironstones contain some detrital material and where

this detritus is coarse grained, quartz is a dominant com­

ponent. Thus ironstones which occur in coarser grained detrital rocks may be expected to have a somewhat higher

silicon content than those associated with finer grained sediments.

The largest portion of samples fall within the brackish

category (see table I and figure 7). Such results are in

* * * *

%\i % % .%

HU wM

a w »SI

< mterttltttt" %

m

W >

5£i**2

l < \ W

OkmwA

« u

»

VpP

HW

30accord with- anticipated brackish environments with fluctua­

ting salinity conditions accompanying prograding deltaic sequences. The depositional environments for the detrital rocks were probably comparable to those depicted by the

"prograding detrital wedge model" of figure 4. This result of predominantly brackish environments is supported by a

study of fauna variation of the lower Allegheny (Roberts, •

1966). However, certain ironstone silicon data indicate a

marine depositional environment for lower Clarion detrital

rocks along the northern outcrop area (see Canton no. 8 and Alliance no. 15 sections on figure 7).

Limestones

The Putnam Hill and Vanport limestones of the north­

eastern part of the study area were examined petrographically

in order to characterize and compare the two limestones in terms of probable mode of deposition.

Limestone samples were collected at 14 stratigraphic

sections (table II and figure 5) which, like the ironstone sections, represent a wide variety of rock type and broad '

geographic distribution. The Putnam Hill and Vanport both

were sampled at 4 outcrop sections whereas 6 sections were

31Table II. Index to limestone samples.

15 minute cuadr ancile

Stratigraphic section and sample number*

Limestonesampled

LSU thin section no.

New Lexington 17-1 Putnam Hill 2387Zanesville 31-1 Putnam Hill 2388Conesville 18-1 Putnam Hill 2389Conesvilie 18-9 Vanport 2391Uhrichsville 14-1 Putnam Hill 2393Uhrichsville 14-16 Vanport 2397Dover 19-1 Putnam Hill 2398Navarre 24-1 Putnam Hill 2399Newcomer stown 14-1 Putnam Hill 2400Newcomer stown 2A-1 Putnam Hill 2401Canton 8-1 Putnam Hill 2402Canton 8-3 Putnam Hill 2403Canton 8-7 Vanport 2404Canton 8-8 Vanport 2405Canton 8-9 Vanport 2406Alliance 15-1 Putnam Hill 2407Alliance 15-5 Vanport 2408Beaver 2-2 Vanport 2410Beaver 2-3 Vanport 2411Beaver 12-1 Vanport 2412Beaver 7-3 Vanport 2413Newcastle 2-1 Vanport 2414Newcastle 2-2 Vanport 2415Newcastle 2-3 Vanport 2416Newcastle 2-4 Vanport • 2417

*Location of section shown in figure 5. See the appendix for stratigraphic description.

sampled only for the Putnam Hill and 4 were sampled only for the Vanport (table II). In order to evaluate small scale horizontal and vertical variation, samples were col­

lected in pairs, separated horizontally by at least 3 feet

and vertically by not more than 3 feet. This sampling

32procedure yielded 60 samples— 24 from the Putnam Hill, the

remainder from the Vanport.

Acetate peels were made of all samples and examined

under a binocular biological microscope. Prom this exami­nation, 25 representative samples were selected for thin-

sectioning (11 from the Putnam Hill and 14 from the Vanport).

Petrographic Analysis

The classification of limestones used in this study is

basically the same as that proposed by Polk (1959) with the

exception that limits of size categories are slightly modi­

fied. Four lithic limestone components and three other

components (generally detrital or authigenic non-limestone material) were differentiated. The limestone components

are micrite, microspar, spar, and bioclasts. The first three members of this series are differentiated on the basis

of particle size and the fourth, bioclasts, are as the term

indicates, clastic particles of known organic origin. Some

attributes of the petrographic components are shown on table ill.

33Table III. Limestone nomenclature

Calcium Carbonate ComponentsBasic Elements Subdivisions

Micrite (microcrystalline carbonate 4 microns or less in diameter) micrite aggregates intraclasts

pellets■Su4Js

reorganized or recrystallized micrite

Microspar (spar between 4 and 10 microns in diameter)

microsparaggregatesfilling hollow fos­sils, fissures, and interstitial areas

intraclastspellets

may be in mosaic form

u

reorganized or recrystallized microspar

Spar(spar 10 microns or more in diameter)

filling hollow fos­sils, fissures, and interstitial areasovergrowths on fos­sils and components of reorganization (recrystallization of bioclastic material and micro­spar

may be in mosaic form

«e•ritdCD

Bioclasts

algae, echinoderm, fora- minifers (fusulinids & encrusting forms), pelecy- pod, bryozoan, brachiopod, gastropod, ostracod, coral, unknown (unidentifiable bioclastic material)

Other ComponentsBasic Elements Subdivisions

"Silicates" allogenic or auth.igenic quartz, chert, clay

"Iron Minerals" authigenic pyrite, siderite, limonite

Carbonaceous allogenic "woody" plant material

34Folk (1959) referred to micrite and spar as analogs to

matrix and cement, respectively, in detrital rocks but micro­spar was not ejqplained in comparable terms. Bioclasts are

comparable to grains in detrital rocks and they, along with

micritic matrix, appear to hold the key to interpreting primary depositional environments whereas sparry cement seems

to be primarily a result of diagenesis.In this study microspar was subdivided into matrix and

cement categories. That part functioning as matrix is slightly recrystallized or reorganized micrite distributed

fortuitously without any suggestion of void or fissure fill­

ing whereas that part functioning as cement appears to be

localized along the outer edges of fissures and voids.Table IV shows the quantitative proportions estimated

from 25 thin sections. Estimates resulted from 100 point

counts (5 traverses of 20 points) on each thin section. Figures 8 through 15 are photomicrographs showing various

components of several limestone thin sections about which

observations are discussed below.

Micrite;

There was no apparent difference in amount of micrite

in the two limestones. Pellets of micrite were present in

Table IV. Limestone thin section point count estimates.

Micrite Microspar Spar Bioclasts - 0thers

Limestone

Unit

*Sample Nu

mber

Matr

ixPe

llet

Intr

acla

st

tHctf•u0H

i-ij-i•UaS Ce

ment

Pell

etTo

tal

Echi

node

rmBr

achi

opod

Pele

cypo

dGa

stro

pod

Fora

mini

fer

Ostr

acod

Bryo

zoan

Cora

lAl

gae

Unknown

1To

tal

Quar

tzCh

ert

Clay

Pyri

teSi

deri

teLi

moni

teUn

know

n"Woody Ma

teri

al"

Tota

l

P 2387 67 67 7 7 7 3 1 1 2 2 8 17 1 1 2P 2388 74 74 8 8 14 1 1 1 3 1 1P 2389 76 76 1 5 6 11 1 1 1 3' 6 1 1P 2393 25 2 27 3 1 4 2 1 5 3 3 1 1 28 44 20 5 25P 2398 77 77 2 2 4 1 2 4 1 1 3 ‘2. 14 2 1 3P 2399 83 83 7 7 2 2 1 1 2 8 2 2P 2400 58 58 4 2 6 8 5 4 1 9 7 26 2 2P 2401 62 1 63 6 1 7 3 3 1 1 . 9 1 4 2 4 25 2 2P 2402 87 87 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 7 7P 2403 67 67 10 10 15 8 8 0P 2407 64 3 67 5 2 7 2 1 1 1 4 6 13 2 9 11V 2391 62 1 63 6 6 4 16 9 1 1 27V 2397 66 1 7 74 1 1 17 1 4 3 25V 2404 67 4 71 4 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 7 12 5 3 1 9V 2405 82 1 83 9 9 2 4 4 2 2V 2406 64 1 65 26 1 27 1 3 1 3 7V 2408 76 11 87 1 1 1 1 1 7 3 11

Putnam Hill;

V = Vanport

A A A < A A A A Limestone Unit*IO to top- p» p» toP-

to to to to p- p- p- p» Sample Numberm m Ui P* CO to H O

7677 59 00CO

75737267 MatrixI-1 1—1 to to Pellet KH*O

Intraclast Hri­ft)

7677 66 00

4>OV “O 'O ■o OO P W M • Total

P* to 111 MatrixCO C\ Ot 00 I-* Cement sH*O . H

Pellet O CO . ^

00 Ov VO I-*o I-* to -o Total (0H

MH O' H to 1-*p* I—1 1—1 t—1

Spar

m c \ to CO to to to Echinodermto to t-» BrachiopodCO CO t—* Pelecypod

t-* Gastropodto I-* Foraminifer td

t->-l-> Ostracod oo

Bryozoan pcorrCoral co

COtoo Algae

1-* t-1 t-»

106 Unknownt-*on vo co p-

I—* toO "O H P Total

t-» t-» Quartzt—1 Chert

t-»co to Cn Clayi—1 h-* t—* I—* Pyrite Oft

P> t-1 Siderite Ct*(Dn

t—1 Limonite CO

Unknown’ t-* to t-J 'Woody Material1

t-»P t O H o 1388 Total^ 9E

Table IV.

Continued

37

Figure 8. Photomicrograph of section 2397. a - "micrite" intraclast; b - ostracod; c - quartz in micrite matrix.

Figure 9. Photomicrograph of section 2414. a — "micrite" pellets; b — microspar cement surrounded by micrite matrix.

38

Figure 10. Photomicrograph of section 2403. a - spar cement; b - bryozoan fragment; c - "encrusting" foraminifer.

Figure 11. Photomicrograph of section 2415. Nicols crossed, a — siderite replacing sparry calcite; b — microspar; c - micrite.

39

Figure 12. Photomicrograph of section 2411. a - algal fragment (note the microstructure) y b - tan spar mosaic; c - tan microspar mosaic.

Figure 13. Photomicrograph of section 2416. a - echinoderm fragment replaced by quartz; b - authigenic quartz; c — "brachiopod"? spines.

40

Figure 14. Photomicrograph of section 2393. a - echinoderm fragment; b - pelecypod fragment; c - brachiopod? fragment; d - "microspar" pellets susrounded by pyrite.

Figure 15. Photomicrograpli of section 2399. a — bryozoan fragment; b - "encrustirig" foraminifer; c - gastropod fragment; d - coral? fragment.

413 Putnam Hill and 10 Vanport samples and micrite intraclasts

occurred exclusively in two Vanport samples (sample nos.

2397 and 2408). In the latter two samples, pellets and bio­

clasts are very scarce.

Microspar sMuch of the Putnam Hill and Vanport microspar appears

to be cement but some is probably slightly recrystallized

matrix (e.g., sample no. 2406). Pellets of microspar are

minor constituents in both limestones. Some pellets with cores of microspar surrounded by pyrite (figure 13) may be

fecal with the core material representing reorganized or recrystallized micrite and the encasing pyrite represent­

ing remains of undigestable organic material.

Spar:Sparry calcite seems to be about equally distributed in

both of the limestones. It occurs as void filling in

fossils, fissures, and interstitial areas, as overgrowths on

fossils, and as recrystallization products of microspar and

bioclastic material. Some spar mosaics, comparable to those reported by Bergenback (1964) in the Vanport of western Pennsylvania, were identified as algal fragments. Most

42bioclasts, however, when recognized as such, were differen­

tiated on the basis of taxonomic grouping rather than particle size.

Bioclasts:

Fossil fragments are distributed throughout the Putnam

Hill and Vanport limestones; however, proportions of indi- -

vidual taxa are not large enough to bring the estimates

under statistical control. Identifications were made on several levels; echinoderms (mostly crinoid columnal seg­ments) , brachiopods, bryozoans, coelenterates (corals),

and algae are classified at the Phylum level. Pelecypods, gastropods, and ostracods are classified at the Class level.

Foraminifers, including fusilinids and encrusting forms, are grouped at the Order level.

Alcrae appears to be the most abundant bioclastic material

(table IV) in the two limestones, and very probably the "unknown" category contains many unidentifiable algal frag­ments. Some of the algal material is in the form of spar

mosaics in elongate, curvilinear stringers, some appears to

be in a growth position in the manner of encrusting forms, and still others ('blades') appear to have been fragmented

and deposited in ooze and bioclastic debris. Nearly all

43isamples of the Putnam Hill of Ohio have some algal fragments

whereas such material is not found in the Vanport. Two samples (2411 and 2417) of the Vanport in western Pennsyl­

vania, however, do contain algal material.Echinoderm fragments are generally the second most abun­

dant fossil element (table IV), but in most of the Putnam Hill samples foraminifers (mostly encrusting forms) are more

abundant than echinoderms. Fusilinids are relatively abun­

dant in many of the Vanport samples, but are less conceft-

trated in the Putnam Hill. Greatest abundance of Vanport

fusilinids is usually associated with intraclastic material and such material often occurs near the top of the limestone unit. Next to echinoderms pelecypod fragments are the most

abundant bioclasts. ' Most pelecypod shells were disarticu­lated when the organisms expired, and subsequent fragmenta­

tion was more severe than for the brachiopods. Thus in hand specimens brachiopods seem more abundant than pelecy-

pods.Brvozoan fragments (figures 9 and 14) are apparently

more abundant in the Putnam Hill than in the Vanport (table IV). Complete or unbroken bryozoan fronds rarely occur in

either of the limestones, and most fragments are brown-

colored or replaced by pyrite.

44Brachiopods. gastropods. ostracods, and corals are all

sparsely and about equally distributed in the Putnam Hill and

Vanport. Corals, especiallyoccur in such small amounts that they are relatively insignificant contributors to the

total bulk of the carbonates. Unknowns (unidentified material) comprise a large quantity of the bioclasts (table

IV). Subjectively, most of this material was ranked as algae, brachiopods, and pelecypods.

Other Components;Quartz, chert, and clay are the silica minerals in the

Putnam Hill and Vanport. No quartz nor chert was recorded for any of the Putnam Hill samples although a considerable

amount of silt-size quartz (16-17 percent) is present in some

Vanport samples (nos. 2391 and 2397). Very little quartz or chert occurs in Vanport samples from western Pennsylvania, however some authigenic quartz replaces carbonate (micrite and bioclasts) in one sample (see figure 13). Minor amounts of chert, some detrital and some in mosaics filling pores,

were found in a few of the Vanport samples.Clay minerals are present in a few samples. Though

lime mud and clay, when mixed, are difficult to differen­tiate, field observations, and to lesser extent petrographic

45data, indicate a considerable quantity is present in most

of the Putnam Hill limestone.Authigenic pyrite. siderite, and limonite comprise the

"iron minerals'* which occur in small quantities in the two limestones (table IV). Pyrite, the most abundant, is dis­

seminated as separate small (less than 10 microns) crystals and clusters of crystals throughout micrite and it appears

to reach maximum proportions when woody plant debris is

also present. Occasionally bioclasts are replaced by pyrite, and in some instances the spar filling of intrastital

voids is replaced.Siderite is present in several of the thin sections.

Though quite rare, it appears as the replacement product

of individual crystals of calcite (figure 10). Tan-colored

microspar and spar comprising algae in several samples also may be siderite. Limonite appears in small insignificant

quantities as a replacement or alteration product of both

pyrite and siderite.Organic woody plant material is widely disseminated

throughout much of the two limestones. However, the fine grained nature of the material and its association with pyrite in "muddy'* limestone makes unequivocal identification

46difficult.

Petrographic Summary and Paleogeographic Inferences

In a petrographic sense, the Putnam Hill and Vanport

limestones are biomicrites according to Folk's (1959) class­

ifications and both limestones apparently contain comparable

amounts of micrite. The source of the micrite is uncertain, but if the estimates of algae and echinoderms are correct these may have provided a sizeable biologic source. Mechan­

ical abrasion of other organic debris along with chemical

precipitation probably added to the supply. The major petro­graphic difference between the two limestones is the presence of intraclasts, detrital quartz, and chert in the Vanport and its absence in the Putnam Hill. Furthermore within the Vanport the amount of detrital silica diminishes

from about 15-20 percent in the southern part of the out­

crop to 5 percent or less in northern Ohio and western Pennsylvania.

Although both the Putnam Hill and the Vanport are

obviously of marine origin, certain differences in gross

lithic relationships are apparent. Over most of the out­

crop in northeastern Ohio the Putnam Hill directly overlies a nonmarine deposit (Brookville coal) whereas the Vanport

47overlies brackish or brackish-marine rocks. The Putnam Hill

is in turn overlain by marine to brackish marine rocks whereas the Vanport is overlain by brackish or brackish- nonmarine (freshwater?) rocks. These stratigraphic relation­ships indicate two different transgressive situations; the

Putnam Hill analogous to the lower limestone of the "static detrital wedge model" (figure 4), and the Vanport analogous

to the upper limestone of the same figure.

The Putnam Hill limestone probably was deposited in a

shallow marine sea which was relatively free from the influx

of coarse detritus. Static conditions of deposition are suggested by the conspicuous absence of quartz and the abun­dance of clay, especially in outcrop sections where clay

partings in the limestone are frequent (see stratigraphic descriptions in the appendix); and the widespread uniformity of lithic character and constant thickness over a large

area.The Vanport limestone was probably deposited in a shal­

low marine embayment which had a more irregular outline, pronounced bottom topography, and higher energy conditions

than those of the Putnam Hill. Very rapid thickening and

thinning (e.g., see Uhrichsville no. 14 and Dover no. 1 in

Plate 2), unrelated to erosion, is suggestive of irregular

bottom topography and/or irregularity of the basin margin.

Higher energy conditions for the Vanport are suggested by the general lack of orientation of bioclasts in contrast to the very well developed bedding in the Putnam Hill limestone.

Finally, that these conditions of greater energy were asso­ciated with minor detrital influx from the south is indi­cated by the increase of coarse-grained silica detritus from north to south. Over all, most of the Vanport in eastern Ohio was deposited as isolated patches of bioclastic material

partially mixed with detritus from waning distributaries on the static portion of a detrital wedge. Vanport deposits

along the northern rim of the outcrop in Ohio and western

Pennsylvania reflect deposition further off shore in a

relatively shallow shelf zone with bottom irregularities.The minor anomalies of the seafloor topography, though proba­bly reflecting earlier Allegheny and/or Pottsville deposi- tional patterns, may have been bottom features upon which

marine invertebrates and algae could grow and contribute

to the bulk of carbonate deposition.

RECONSTRUCTION OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS

Introduction

Previous chapters have dealt with the kind and amount of lower Allegheny data and certain interpretations and inferences drawn from the different types of data. .In

this chapter this information is synthesized and an inter­pretation is made of the lower Allegheny sedimentary history of eastern Ohio. In this interpretation the previous works of Williams and Ferm (1964) in western Pennsylvania; Ferm

(1964), Zimmerman and Ferm (1965) in Ohio; and Webb (1963)

in southern Ohio are drawn upon in order to achieve a

regional synthesis.The evolution of the lower Allegheny sedimentary pat­

terns is illustrated by a series of paleogeographic maps

(figures 17 through 21) depicting geographic location of

major progradational phases and associated environments.The vertical dimension of the sediments deposited in these

environments is illustrated schematically by an accompany­ing stratigraphic cross section (figure 16).

Figure 16. Schematic cross section showing major phases of progradation in eastern Ohio.

SCHEMATIC CROSS SECTIONOHIO

LOWER KITTANNING COAL

VANP6RfMMEWNE

w m .WM A PHASE 2 PHA$EPHASE 1%9pAP H A S E RN W W W S N N N 'XXU.TNAM2HJLL LIMESTONE

BROOKVILLE COAL BROOKVILLE COAL

H COAL & 'UNDERCLAY' BRACKISH-NON-MARINE£ Y

MILES

ISHALE, SILTSTONE & SANDSTONE

LOWER ALLEGHENY EASTERN OHIO

MARINE BRACKISH SHALE

H MARINE SHALE & LIMESTONE

□ CHERT

V

Figure 17. Early Allegheny paleogeography? phases 1 and 2.

S tag n an t N o n -M a r in e Deposition

N o n - M a r in eDeposit ion

Static W edge

Slowly P ro g rad in g W e d g eRapidly Prograd ing W ed g e

S tag n an t M a r i n e - Brackish Deposit ion

M ar ine-Brack ish Silt and Clay

M ar in e Limestone

H E R

▼ A

EARLY ALLEGHENY PALEOGEOGRAPHY

PHASES 1 & 2

30I

MILES

44889

Sedimentary Development of the Lower Allegheny

54

Initial Allegheny deposition in southern Ohio was in

the ’'Brookville” peat swamp. Figures 16 and 17 illustrate

this swamp and its western Pennsylvania equivalent, the lower Clarion, which developed on older (Pottsville?) sub­siding deltaic wedges, one of which is shown on figure 17 as the Kilgore wedge of phase 1. This swamp was trans­gressed in southern Ohio by Clarion marine sediments which form the basal rocks of the prograding brackish-nonmarine wedge. This detrital wedge (phase 2) gradually prograded

and shifted northward partially overlapping transgressive

deposits (Putnam Hill limestone) that were laid down over the Brookville and lower Clarion peat swamps. Near the Ohio-

Pennsylvania line a small detrital wedge prograded southward.

The prograding system of phase 2A on figure 18, now

represented by lower Clarion rocks in south central Ohio,

apparently had loci of deposition farther north than the previous wedges. The maximum outcrop thickness of this

wedge exceeds 60 feet. Two lobes of the detrital wedge developed the northern one probably resulted from a shift of the prograding system. The area to the south was

static and topographically high. During the early part of

Figure 18. Early Allegheny paleogeography? phase 2A.

m

N on-M ar ineDeposit ion

Sta tic W e d g e

Slowly Prograding WedgeRapidly Prog rad ing W e d g eMarine-Braclcish Silt and Clay

M ar ine Limestone

EARLY ALLEGHENY PALEOGEOGRAPHY

PHASE 2A

57

phase 2A, the Putnam Hill carbonate sediments continued to accumulate, fringing the northwest shoreline. Farther to

the east, in Pennsylvania, the detrital wedge from the

north was the site of increased southward progradation.During phase 3 (figure 19) active progradation shifted

farther northward depositing a marine-brackish wedge of lower Clarion sediment in northeastern Ohio that has a maximum outcrop thickness of over 40 feet. Sedimentary patterns of this phase are very complex. The prograding wedge fed from a distant southern source and covered a large area. This is reflected in the apron-like distribution of the marine-brackish shale. Only minor sandstone channel deposits are found in the sequence.

Contemporaneous with the gradual shift to the north­

east and northward growth, the older southern wedges grad­ually stagnated and the oldest wedges became sites of peat

swamps. These swamps, now represented by the clarion coal

of southern Ohio developed as far north as the south side of

the wedge of phase 2 (see figure 16). Subsequently the

area subsided and the "southern" Vanport, a transgressive limestone, was deposited. This marine limestone grades

laterally toward the north, east, and south into brackish shale and chert which probably indicates the landward edge

Figure 19. Early Allegheny paleogeography; phase 3.

m

A A ▼ A

Stagnan t N o n -M ar in e Deposition

Non-MarineDeposit ion

Static W edge

Slowly Prograd ing W edge

Rapidly P ro g rad in g W e d g e

Stagnan t M a r in e - Brackish Deposit ion

Marine-Brackish Silt and Clay

Marine Limestone

© m i l ®

\..a ARI

VANjPORlf S r '

EARLY ALLEGHENY PALEOGEOGRAPHY

PHASE 3

30

MILES

60of the transgression. In western Pennsylvania, the detrital

wedge of phase 2A became static and it too was covered around

the fringes by peat swamp.During phase 4 (figure 20) coarse detritus was shunted

into the detritus-free area over which the "southern" Van­

port sea had previously transgressed. This region with its

reduced base-level and close proximity to the avenue of

transport, probably made an ideal site for the accumulation

of detritus in an area extending from the southern part of Ohio northward to the center of the detrital wedge deposited during phase 2 (see figure 16).

The northern areas, sites of deltaic advance during

phases 2A and 3, probably began subsiding and were trans­

gressed by the "northern" Vanport sea. Transgressive Van­port limestone was deposited around the northern edge of

the basin and into western Pennsylvania where it attains a

thickness of 20 feet.Phase 5, the last major progradational episode of the

early Allegheny is illustrated on figure 21. During this phase, now represented by upper Clarion rocks, progradation continued northward across the area previously covered during

phase 3. In some places more than 70 feet of upper Clarion

shale was deposited during this phase. Some of this material

Figure 20. Early Allegheny paleogeography; phase 4.

Static W edge

Slowly Prograding Wedge

Rapidly Prograding W e d g e

Chert Where PresentSiliceous Limestone Where Present Limestone Where Present

M ar ine-Brack ish Silt and Clay

Limestone Nodules

m

* ▼ A A

© S O U ®

/'\_-

\

K T «

VANIPOgTSi j ^ p ^1 ‘1'1'

EARLY ALLEGHENY PALEOGEOGRAPHY

PHASE 4

30MILES

Figure 21. Early Allegheny paleogeography; phase 5.

m

N on-M ar ine Deposition

Static W e d g e

Slowly Prograd ing W ed g e

Rapidly Prograding W e d g e

Marine-Brackish Silt and Clay

351?.

■A

/

■ A /.(LOWER KITTANNING

- - 7

w . m

EARLY ALLEGHENY PALEOGEOGRAPHY

PHASE 5

0Uadi 30■JMILES

65was also derived from at least two wedges advancing from the

north. One such wedge prograded south in the vicinity of the Ohio-Pennsylvania line; another farther to the east.

As these wedges finally prograded across the relatively

narrow areas of open water, their upper surfaces merged with

the already inactive wedges farther to the south forming a single soil zone now represented by the lower Kittanning

underclay.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS\

Lower Allegheny rocks in eastern Ohio and western Penn­

sylvania reflect a broad spectrum of paralic depositionalenvironments. Underclays and coals presumably indicate

*

sites of terrestrial soil formation and swampy peat accumu­

lations, respectively. Data collected from limestones indi­cate definite shallow-water marine loci and others (siliceous

limestones) indicate somewhat brackish conditions. Faunas

and data from ironstones included in some clay shales, silty shales, and siltstones, suggest marine or brackish condi­

tions whereas other detrital rocks (e.g., most sandstones) seem to be mainly nonmarine. In general, the evidence from these detrital rocks suggests that within thin vertical

rock sequences there are upward gradations from marine to

nonmarine and from fine to coarse size materials, perhaps

indicative of prodelta, shallow bay, and other paralic

sedimentary environments.Rock types resulting from the various depositional

environments may be grouped into sedimentary units composed

of various lithic types. Each lithic type represents a

66

67

certain group of depositional phases. Two sedimentary units

are distinguishable in northeastern Ohio, the lower, and upper Clarion. Additional or comparable units to the south

have been reported by Webb (1963). The lower and upper Clarion units may be referred to the Clarion sedimentary complex where the two cannot be differentiated. Neither

the lithic types, nor the sedimentary units are continuous

over very large distances, and local or sub-regional causes must be responsible for most of the lithologic variation.

Spatial arrangement of the various rock types of

differing lateral continuity suggest a complex set of del­taic wedges, flanked by areas of stagnant sediments, prograded

northward against essentially static shorelines. Detritus

carried by generally northward flowing streams was distribu­ted in a pattern that suggests gradient decreases due to

alluviation, which resulted in constantly shifting deposi­tional loci. Each locus was slightly further seaward of the preceding one. Detrital sedimentation and active chemical

rock deposition appear, in most cases, to have been sepa­rated by considerable geographic distance. Active progra­dation appears to h^ve followed a general shifting pattern

with the major advance toward the north. After major pro­

gradation, the clastic wedges commonly went through a cycle

of subsidence, stagnation and transgression all of which was followed by a new episode of detrital influx. Causes of subsidence and transgression were undoubtedly due to a

number of factors, among which compaction of sediments and tectonic forces (perhaps isostatic adjustment) are probably

the most important.

REFERENCES CITED

Bergenback, Richard Edward, 1964, The geochemistry and petrology of the Vanport limestone, western Penn­sylvania: PhD Thesis, Pennsylvania State University.

Brant, Russell A., 1954, The Lower Kittanning no. 5 coal bed in Ohio; Ohio Geol. Survey, Report of Investiga­tion No. 21, 59 p.

_________ ., 1956, Coal resources of the upper part of theAllegheny Formation in Ohio: Ohio Geol. Survey,Report of Investigations No. 29, 68 p.

Carozzi, Albert V., 1960, Microscopic sedimentary petrogra­phy: New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 485 p.

Cayeaux, M. Lucien, 1916, Introduction a 1'etude petro- graphique des roches sedimentaires: Reprinted inParis, France, 1931, 524 p. 56 plates.

Coleman, James M., and Gagliano, Sherwood M. , 1964, Sedi­mentary Structures: Mississippi River deltaic plainAbs.: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., V. 76,Ho . 9.

Croneis, Carey and Toomey, Donald F., 1965, Gunsight (Vir- gilian) wewokellid sponges and their depositional environment: Journal of Paleontology, v. 39, no. 1,p. 1-17.

Delong, Richard, M. and White, George W . , 1963, Geology of Stark County: Ohio Geol. Survey, Bull. 61, 209 p.

Ferm, John C., 1962, Petrology of some Pennsylvanian sedi­mentary rocks: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 32, no. 1,p. 104-123.

69

70_________, 1964, Allegheny stratigraphy in the Appalachian

Plateau Abs.: Geological Society of America, Program1964 Annual Meetings, p. 60.

Flores, R. M. , 1966, Middle Allegheny Paleogeography inEastern Ohio: (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), De­partment of Geology, Louisiana State University,Baton Rouge, La.

Folk, Robert L., 1959, Practical petrographic classification of limestones: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,v. 43, no. 1, p. 1-37.

Ham, William E., Ed., 1962, Memoir 1, Classification of carbonate rocks; a symposium: Tulsa Oklahoma, TheAmerican Association of Petroleum Geologists, 279 p.

Huddle, John W. and Patteson, Sam H . , 1961, Origin of Penn­sylvanian underclay and related seat rocks: Geol. Soc.America Bull., v. 72, no. 11, p. 1643-1660.

Krynine, P. D., 1954, The megascopic study and field classi­fication of sedimentary rocks: Pa. State Univ., Min.Industries, tech. paper 130, also in Jour. Geology, v. 56, no. 2, p. 130-165, 1948.

Lamborn, Raymond E., 1951, Limestones of Eastern Ohio: OhioGeol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. 49, 377 p.

_________, 1954, Geology of Coshocton County: Ohio Geol.Survey, Bull. 53, 245 p.

_________, 1956, Geology of Tuscarawas County: Ohio Geol.Survey, Bull. 55, 269 p.

LeBlanc, Rufus J. and Breeding, Julia G., Editors, 1957,Regional aspects of Carbonate deposition, a symposium •sponsored by the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Society of Econo­mic Paleontologists and Mineralogists special publica­tion no. 5, p. 178.

Miller, T. H. and Jeffords, R. M., 1962, Some properties of acetate films used in peels: Jour, of Paleontology,vol. 36, no. 6, p. 182-183.

71Moore/ Raymond C., Lalicker, Cecil G., and Fischer, Alfred

G., 1952, Invertebrate fossils: New York, McGraw-HillBook Company, Inc., 766 p.

Ohio Geological Survey, (no date), Files on stratigraphic sections: Columbus, Ohio.

Pettijohn, F. J., 1957, Sedimentary rocks: New York, Harper& Brothers, 718 p.

Roberts, Harry H., 1966, A Frequency Variation of Major Fos­sil Groups in the Clarion Shale (Pennsylvanian), Ohio and Pennsylvania: (unpublished M.S. thesis), Departmentof Geology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La.

Schultz, L. G., 1958, Petrology of underclays: Geol. Soc.America Bull., v. 69, p. 363-402.

Stout, Wilber, 1916, Geology of Southern Ohio: Ohio Geol.Survey, 4th ser., Bull. 20, 723 p.

_________, 1918, Geology of Muskingum County: Ohio Geol.Survey, 4th ser., Bull. 21, 351 p.

_________, 1944, The iron ore bearing formations of Ohio:Ohio Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. 45, 230 p.

_________, and Schoenlaub, R. A., 1945, The Occurrence ofFlint in Ohio: Ohio Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. 46,110 p.

Webb, James E., 1963, Sedimentary geology of Allegheny rocks in the vicinity of Ashland, Kentucky: (unpublisheddissertation), Department of Geology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La.

Weber, Jon N. and Williams, Eugene G., 1965, Chemical compo­sition of siderite nodules in the environmental classi­fication of shales Abs.: Am. Assoc. Petroleum GeologistsBull., v. 49, no. 3, p. 362.

Weber, J. N., Williams, E. G., and Keith, M. L., 1964,Paleoenvironmental significance of carbon isotopic com­position of siderite nodules in some shales of Pennsyl­vanian age: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 34,no. 4, p. 814-818.

72White, George W. and Lamborn, Raymond E., 1949, Geology of

Holmes County: Ohio Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Bull. 47,373 p.

Williams, E. G . , 1959, Guidebook for field trips. Geological Society of America, annual meeting, Pittsburgh, Penn- . sylvania.

j_________ , and Ferm,J. C., 1964, Sedimentary facies in thelower Allegheny rocks of western Pennsylvania: Jour­nal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 34, no. 3, p. 610- 614.

Zimmerman, R. K., and Ferm, J. C., 1965, Early Allegheny paralic environments in eastern Ohio, Abs.: South­eastern section of the Geological Society of America meeting, Nashville, Tennessee.

APPENDIX

Stratigraphic Sections

73

74OHIO

ALLIANCE 15' QUADRANGLE

SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section N o . Source

1 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 135062 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149123 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149084 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 148975 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 5168,

contained in GSA Guidebook, 1961, p. 184

6 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149577 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149548 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 150589 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 6901

10 Measured and contained in this appendix11 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 689712 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1351013 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 215214 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1512815 Ohio Geological Survey file (no number)

Brandt16 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1495517 to 28 Measured and contained in this appendix

75ALLIANCE #10

Locations Mahoning County, Smith Township, Section 29, SW%,1.5 miles east of Stark County in strip mine along Highway 173.

Top of Section:1 2 .0 ' Sandstone, thickness estimated3.0 Shale, silty, grading laterally into sandstone0.5 Shale, black, fissle, broken fossils3.0 , Coal, #6 ?6.0 Clay, ironstone concretions

10.0 Shale, sandy, grading upward into siltstone neartop

6.0 Shale0.2 Clay, green0.5 Shale, clayey, black4.0 Coal, #5?

ALLIANCE #17

Location: Stark County, Lexington Township, Section 13, NW%, 0.7 miles southeast of Lexington in stripmine.

Top of Section:

00 • o Sandstone, buff, interbedded discontinuous silt- stone layers, cross-bedded

.6 .0 Sandstone, interbedded thin discontinuous layers of siltstone

4.5 Shale, silty, grading upward into siltstone with limestone concretions

8.0 Shale, black, fossils at base3.0 Coal, #5?

76ALLIANCE #18

Location: Stark County, Marlboro Township, Section 22, SW%and SE%, 1.6 miles southwest of Marlboro in Portland Cement Company's limestone strip pit.

Top of Section:11.3' Shale, iron stain, silty, thin bedded10.7 Shale, silty, thin bedded11.0 Shale, grey, slightly silty, sparsely fossili-

ferous, ironstone concretions5.0 Limestone, grey, dense, fossiliferous0.5 Coal

ALLIANCE #19

Location: Mahoning County, T.19N, R.5W, Section 33, 1.3miles southwest of Sebring in strip mine.

Top of Section:18.0' Sandstone, interbedded siltstone, thickness

estimated2.0 Coal

10.0 Concealed interval, clay exposed at topWater level in strip mine

ALLIANCE #20

Location: Stark County, Lexington Township, Section 36,SE% of SEhi, 0.8 mile east of Mt. Union in clay pit.

Top of Section:34.0' Siltstone and sandstone, interbedded3.0 Concealed interval5.5 Siltstone, thin bedded0.1 Shale, clayey2.0 Coal

Concealed interval, clay exposed at top

77ALLIANCE #21

Location: Mahoning County, Smith Township, Section 19, SE%of NE%, 2.5 miles southeast of Lexington (junction of Courtney and Martin Rds.) in limestone quarry.

Top of Section:

10.0' Till14-16' Limestone

ALLIANCE #22

Location: Mahoning County, Smith Township, Section 18, SE%of NW%, about 0.75 mile southwest of junction of Martin and Middletown Roads in limestone quarry.

Top of Section:

TillLimestone, fossiliferous

ALLIANCE #23

Stark County, Paris Township, Section 12, NE% of NW%, 0.5 mile west of New Franklin in strip mine.

Top of Section:4.0' Shale, silty, buff3.0 Shale, silty, black, sparsely fossiliferous at

top, large 1-2 ' in diameter, limestone concre­tions

9.7 Shale, silty, grading upward to siltstone, 1 footlayer of sandstone at top

3.0 Shale, black

10.0 '14.3

Location:

78ALLIANCE #24

Locations Stark County, Paris Township, Section 1, NW% of NW%, 0.5 mile west of Georgetown Street and Route 88 junction in strip mine.

Top of Sections15.0' Siltstone and sandstone interbedded, grading up­

ward into sandstone, thin bedded, thickness estimated

3.0 Shale, gray, abundant ironstone layers0.5 Shale, black5.5 Coal5.0 Clay1.0 Limestone2.0 Clay0.5 Limestone6.7 Clay, exposed thickness

ALLIANCE #25

Locations Stark County, Paris Township, Section 11, NE% ofSE%, 1 mile southwest of New Franklin in strip mine.

Top of Sections6.0' Siltstone1.0 Sandstone6.0 Siltstone and sandstone, interbedded, abundant

ironstone concretions2.0 Shale, silty0.3 Shale, black2.5 Coal

79ALLIANCE #26

Location: Stark County, Paris Township, Section 23, NW%of NW%, 0.75 mile northeast of Myers in strip mine.

Top of Section:20.0' Siltstone and shale, interbedded, abundant iron­

stone concretions, estimated thickness2.6 Coal (reported by farmer to be under silt and

shale)

ALLIANCE #27

Location: Stark County, Paris Township, Section 9, NE% ofSE% and NE% of NW%, about 1 mile southeast of Paris in strip mine and about 0.5 mile east of Paris in road cut.

Top of Section:10.0' Covered interval (probably sandstone), thickness

estimated20.0 Sandstone, buff, cross-bedded, channeled, thick­

ness estimated 0-5' Shale, silty1.0 Coal, #6a?4.0 Underclay, partially covered0-2' Limestone, fresh water

33.6 Shale, clayey, dark gray, ironstone concretions,fossils at base, grading upward into shale, brownish yellow, very silty and in turn into siltstone

2.5 Coal, #68.0 Underclay7.0 Sandstone, fine to medium, gray7.0 Siltstone, thinly laminated, thin bedded, mica­

ceous, grading upward into fine to medium sandstone

10.0 Shale, clayey, black, calcareous, fossiliferous(7") grading upward into shale, gray, slightly

80silty, and in turn to shaj.e, very silty

2.0 Coal, #5(Interval below drawn from driller's recollec­tion of core drilled at same location)

12.5 Underclay15.5 Shale, silty ("sandy clay")34.0 Shale, "blue"14-16' Sandstone, "reddish"12.0 Limestone (Vanport?)7.0 Shale2.3 Limestone (Putnam Hill?)2.2 Shale, black, bony.1.8 Shale.5.2 Coal, (#4?)

ALLIANCE #28

Location: Stark County, Paris Township, Section 25, SE% of NW%, about 0.5 mile west of Highway 183 in Pennsylvania Railroad cut.

Top of Section:15.0 Sandstone, massive, thickness estimated9.7 Shale, very silty, abundant ironstone concre­

tions, coal stringers near base

81OHIO

CANTON 15' QUADRANGLE SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 28, p. 1322 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 49, p. 3143 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149474 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149075 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 134846 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149397 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149468 Measured and contained in this appendix

82

CANTON #8

Location: Stark County, Lake Township, Section 21, SE%of SW%, about 0.5 mile east of Market Avenue on Midway Street in East Ohio Limestone Com­pany's quarry.

Top of Section:? Till cover

10.0' Siltstone, sandy, thin bedded, laminated0-5' Limestone, pinkish gray, clastic (?) , fossili­

ferous, directly overlying limestone below6.0 Limestone, gray, dense, fossiliferous

20.0 Shale, gray, very silty, limestone concretions,(concretions become irony at top of zone)

5.5 Limestone, light gray, dense, fossiliferous2.6 Coal1.5 Coal, bony, slightly pyritiferous

Underclay (unknown thickness)

83OHIO

CARROLLTON 15' QUADRANGLE SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section N o . Source

1 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 147002 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 135193 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 28, p. 1314 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 28, p. 1315 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 146666 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 149497 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 49038 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 48949 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 4878

10 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 487211 Ohio Geological Survey file (no number)12 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 488213 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 500614 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 493415 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 527516 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 485217 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 485418 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1511419 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1511720 Measured and contained in this appendix21 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1491422 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1491323 to 28 Measured and contained in this appendix

J

84CARROLLTON #20

Location: Carroll County, Brown Township, Section 2, SW%of SW%,in abandoned strip mine on east side of road.To fill in above Carrollton #5

Top of Section:

25.0' Covered interval, towards top silty and sandy,about 2/3 up shaly carbonaceous horizon, towards bottom shaly siltstone with occasional 6 "-8 " siltstone lenses

11.5 Shale, silty, argillaceous0.7 Limestone, discontinuous, sandy light gray,

weathers buff29.0 Shale, silty, argillaceous1.5 Limestone, sandy

CARROLLTON #23

Location: Columbiana County, West Township, Section 26,SE% of SE%, about 0.5 mile east of Lynchburg on Highway 30 in strip mine.

Top of Section:S

23.0' Sandstone9.7 Shale, grading upward into siltstone, ironstone

at top2.5 Coal

CARROLLTON #24

Location: Carroll County, Brown Township, Section 18, SW%of SW%, about 1.1 miles west of Malvern on High­way 183 in strip mine.

85Top of Section:23.0' Siltstone, gray, sparse ironstone concretions26.0 Shale, gray, abundant ironstone layers, grading

up to silty shale with abundant ironstone layers

1.0 Shale, gray0.5 Clay shale, fossiliferous3.0 Coal

CARROLLTON #25

Location: Carroll County, Brown Township, Section 24, NW% of NE%, about 2 miles southwest of Malvern in strip mine in Turkey Hollow.

Top of Section:30' Shale, abundant ironstone layers, grading upward

into silty shale and siltstone at the top 0.5 Shale, black, poorly bedded, fossiliferous2' Coal

CARROLLTON #26

Location: Stark County, Paris Township, Section 34, NW%of SW%, in abandoned strip mine on west side of road.

Top of Section:? Covered interval8 ' Shale, very silty, interbedded siltstone, shaly

14' Shale, clayey, slightly silty, ironstone, fossili­ferous

Coal, #6 ?, covered

86CARROLLTON #27

Locations Carroll County, Monroe Township, Section 3, SE%, Section 2, NE%, Section 32, NW% of NW%, on south­east of Ridge Road in abandoned strip mine.

.Top of Section:

Covered IntervalSandstone, channel, interbedded with shale, very

siltyShale, gray, clay-silty, ironstone layers, plant

fragments CoalUnderclay exposed at top of covered interval

CARROLLTON #28

Stark County, Monroe Township, Section 24, NW% of SW%, on east side of road in strip mine.

Top of Section:Covered Interval

12' Sandstone, channeled-in3-5' Shale, clay, sandstone lenses, ironstone concre­

tions , plant fragments3.0 Coal, #7?, variable thickness? Underclay exposed at top of concealed interval

0- 20 '

0- 8 '

4'

Location:

87OHIO

DOVER 15' QUADRANGLE SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section N o . Source

1 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 113462 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 623 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1314 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1325 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 49966 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1127 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p . 92

, 8 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 134128A Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 649 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 11340

10 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1134111 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1464912 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 14651

12A Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1465013 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1468214 Ohio Geological Survey file (no number)15 Ohio Geological Survey file (no number)16 Ohio Geological Survey file no . 1350417 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1469718 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1487419 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1506520 Ohio Geological Survey file no . 1485921 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1481622 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1488823 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 499724 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 28, p. 13125 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 5226 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1469927 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1468728 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 147 0429 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1470230 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 501031 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 525732 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1468833 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 14869

88Section No. Source

34 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 147 0335 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1469136 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1467737 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1470138 Ohio Geological Survey file norf 1467939 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1466040 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1465841 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1508442 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1094243 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1508544 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1511345 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1512046 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1510747 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1509948 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1509849 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1509650 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1510351 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1509452 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1507653 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1509154 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 15089t55 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 499556 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 913957 to 60 Measured and contained in thi s appendix61 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1491962 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1992363 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1488964 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1487265 Ohio Geological S,urvey file no. 1298966 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1346267 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1345768 to 7 0 Measured and contained in this appendix

89DOVER #57

Location: Stark County/ T.9N./ R.8W., Section 20, NE% of NE%, in strip mine on north side of road on hilltop.

Top of SectionsIndefinite covered interval Sandstone, thin bedded, buff, very fine Shale, weathered, light gray to buff, alternat­

ing with clay-silt layers .Shale, coarse silt, micaceous, thin limonitic

partingsShale, clayey silt, dark gray-brown, limonitic,

iron (siderite?) concretions Shale, black, clayey, scattered iron (siderite?)

concretions CoalUnderclay, dark gray occasional coal stringer Shale, indurated micaceous silt, dark-black clay Shale, dark-gray, limestone concretions Shale, clayey, dark-brown-black, carbonaceous

DOVER #58

Stark County, T.9N., R.8W., Section 27, SW% of NW%, in clay pit on west side of road

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval

10' Shale, brown-gray, fine silty shale, medium bed­ded, ironstone concretions

12.5 Shale, gray, fissile, thin bedded, occasionalsmall ironstone concretions

2' Limestone, dark gray, dense, fossiliferous0.3 Shale, black1.2 Coal, Brookville6.5 Shale, clayey, dark gray, grading to underclay

beneath coal1' Shale, light gray, very silty, thin bedded

1.5 3'5'5'

11 '

1.5 0.5 1.0 5' 2 ’

Location:

905* Sandstone, buff, fine, medium to thick bedded4' Shale, sandy6 ' Sandstone, gray, weathers buff, fine to medium,

cross bedded

DOVER #59

Location: Stark County, T.9N., R.8W., Section 20, SE% ofSW%, on north side of road in strip mine.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval

30' Shale, dark-gray, clay at base of unit gradingupward into silt

0-2' Limestone, fossiliferous0-1' Shale0-2' Limestone, fossiliferous0-1' Shale0-2’ Limestone, fossiliferous0-1' Shale, ironstone concretions2.5' Limestone, dark gray, dense, fossiliferous

(Putnam Hill)0.5' Shale, clayey, black, carbonaceous2' Coal

DOVER #60

Location: Tuscarawas County, Fairfield Township, Section 8 ,NW% of NE% of NW^, about 0.75 mile west of Somer- dale and 1.5 miles north of Johnston in abandoned strip mine.

Top of Section:151 Sandstone0.5' Coal blossom5 1 Clay0-3' Limestone

28.5' Sandstone, and shale, silty, bedded-51' Shale, clay at bottom becoming silty towards top,

fossiliferous (Washingtonville), (marine zone

91extends 6-7' above coal) limestone concretions and stringers

0.5' Clay? Coal, (Middle Kittanning)

DOVER #68

Location: Stark County, Osnaburg Township, Section 33, SW%of NE%, on north side of road in abandoned strip mine.

Top of Section:?. . Indefinite covered interval

14' Shale, silty0.5' Clay, fossiliferous1.5' Coal, #6 a4.5' Clay, silty1.5' Limestone, (freshwater)5' Shale, clayey3' Shale, clayey, kaolinitic4' Sandstone, fine grained, argillaceous3* Clay1.5' Limestone, freshwater, yellow4.5' Siltstone, shaly

12' Sandstone, silty21' Siltstone, thin bedded12.7' Shale, silty, gray, ironstone concretions0.2* Clay1.5' Coal, #6 ?3.5' Underclay, silty

12' Clay, silty, grading to siltstone at top of inter­val

1.5' Coal, #5a?, exposed at top of concealed interval

DOVER #69

Location: Stark County, Pike Township, Section 7, NW%, about0.5 mile southwest of Guest School in abandoned strip mine.

92Top of Sections? Covered interval

15' Sandstone3.5' Coal, #62' Underclay5' Sandstone, thin bedded, shaly

20' Shale, clayey, grading upward to shale, silty,ironstone concretions

1.5' Coal13’ Shale, silty, ironstone concretions? Coal, #5, (exposed at top of concealed interval)

DOVER #70

Locations Stark County, Pike Township, Section 8 , Central West of SE%, in ditch along road.

Top of Sections3* Coal #5?

261 Covered interval2' Limestone, Putnam Hill1 ’ Coal? Covered interval

93OHIO

NAVARRE 15' QUADRANGLE

SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source

1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P* 2882 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P* 2883 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 2894 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P« 292

4A Ohio Geological Survey file no. 114285 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 3196 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P. 3217 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 3228 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P* 3239 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 324

10 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 32411 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 32512 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 32613 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P. 7314 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 9615 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P. 6316 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P. 13617 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 7418 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 14319 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P* 14520 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1333121 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 13322 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1450423 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1450324 to 31 Measured and contained in this appendix32 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1449733 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1429034 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1425135 Measured and contained in this appendix

94NAVARRE #24

Location: Tuscarawas County,. T.10N., R.9W., Section 16, oneast and west side of road leading to strip mine.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval7' Shale, black, fissile, ironstone concretions3' Covered interval2 1 Coal

25' Covered interval with shale at base and clay attop

35' Shale, gray, silty (towards top), ironstone con­cretions

0-0.5' Shale, black2' Limestone dark gray, dense, fossiliferous (pro­

gressively lower concentrations up through shale)

2' Coal, Brookville? Indefinite covered interval

NAVARRE #25

Location: Tuscarawas County, Wayne Township, 0.2 mile southof German School in strip mine.

Top of Section:

5' Shale, sandy, buff19' Shale, gray, fissile, clayey, grading upwards

into silty shale, limestone concretions 7.5' Shale, clayey, dark gray to black, fossiliferous,

limestone concretions 0.2' Clay, pyritiferous1.5' Coal, Lower Kittanning

95NAVARRE #26

Locations Stark County, Sugar Creek Township, Section 33, SW and SE%, about 0.75 mile southeast of Wilmot in strip mine.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval1 1 Clay1* Coal, #6 ?1 1 Clay4' Sandstone, yellowish-brown iron stain, thin-

bedded, cross-bedded 29' Shale, very silty, buff, bedded, becoming gray

with deep iron stain on cleavage planes and sideritic bands, toward the base.

1.5' Coal, #5a?23.5' Clay, slightly silty, light greenish gray, iron

stain becoming grayer toward base and finally dark gray to black and shaly above coal

3.0’ Coal, #5

NAVARRE #27

Location: Tuscarawas County, Franklin Township, about 0.75mile north of School No. 2 in southwest corner of township in strip mine on south side of road.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval2' Coal, 5a?

0.4' Clay, dark gray26' Shale, clayey, grading upward from shale, dark

purplish gray, fissile with iron stain in cleavage planes, and ironstone concretions, to shale, silty clay, with large concentration of ironstone stringers

3.5' Coal, 5?? Covered interval with clay exposed at top

96NAVARRE #28

Locations Stark County, Sugar Creek Township, Section 26, East Central and Section 25, West Central, about1.0 mile north-northeast of Beach City in aban­doned strip mine.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval8 ' Sandstone, buff, thin bedded4' Shale, very silty

12' Shale, clayey, grading upward into silty shale,with ironstone concretions

0.5' Clay, gray, yellow mottled, slightly shaly2' Coal

38' Shale grading upward from shale, dark gray, clayfossiliferous, with ironstone concretions, to shale, light gray, clayey ironstone concre­tions, iron stain on cleavage planes, slightly silty, to shale, greenish yellow, clayey, large ironstone concretions iron stained cleavage planes, slightly silty

2 1 Coal1' Underclay

23' Shale, grading upward from shale, dark gray,clayey, ironstone concretions, fissile, iron stain on cleavage planes, to shale, light gray, very silty, iron stain on cleavage planes

5.5' Covered interval, approximate thickness2' Limestone, fossiliferous, no continuous zone of

limestone was found directly overlying coal, but this position tentatively selected because of greatest number of large loose blocks present at approximately this level in section

? Coal, #4?, exposed at top of covered interval

NAVARRE #29

Location: Tuscarawas County, Dover Township, Section 1, SE%,about 0.75 mile south-southeast of Brandywine School in strip mine.

97Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval

20' Sandstone, cross-bedded, buff, (erosional contactwith shale below), exposed thickness measured

15' Shale, silty, clayey3' Coal #62 1 Underclay

36' Shale, clayey, black, ironstones, grading upwardto shale, gray, slightly silty, and overlain by sandstone, light gray, silty, thin bedded

0-1' Limestone, fossiliferous, varying laterally into-shaly limestone

3' Coal, #544.5' Covered interval6 ' Limestone, shaly, dark gray, fossiliferous, dense

1 7 ' Shale, clayey, dark gray, with ironstone concre­tions, fossiliferous, grading upward to shale, slightly silty, calcareous

1.2' Limestone, dark gray, somewhat shaly, fossili­ferous

0.5' Limestone, shaly0.5' Clay1' Coal, #4? Covered interval exposing clay at top

NAVARRE #30

Location: Tuscarawas County, Dover Township, Section 19,SW% of SE%, about 1.25 miles southwest of School No. 12 in strip mine.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval

35* Sandstone, buff, cross-bedded, (erosional contactwith underlying shale)

15' Shale, silty, clayey, fossiliferous3' Coal, #6

21' Clay, shaly, dark gray-green, grading upward toclay, light grayish green, siltier, thin bedded, to clay, light gray, silty, thin bedded

982.5' Coal, #5a

21' Shale, clayey, with ironstone concretions, gray,fossiliferous

3 ' Coal, #5? Covered interval exposing clay at top

NAVARRE #31

Locations Tuscarawas County, Franklin Township, Section 10,NE% of SW%, about 0.15 mile south of PleasantHill School in strip mine.

Top of Section:? Shale, silty, buff, exposed at bottom of indefi­

nite covered interval2.0' Coal, #5a

22.5' Shale, grading upward from shale, clayey, gray,fossiliferous with ironstone concretions to shale, siltier, light gray, and in turn into clay

3.0' Coal, #5? Underclay, exposed on floor of pit

NAVARRE #35

Location: Wayne County, Paint Township, Section 12, SW% ofSE%, and Section 13, NE% of NE%, in abandoned strip mine.

Top of Section:o Covered interval8 ' Sandstone, buff, thin bedded

15' Shale, silty, thin limestone layers0 .2 * Clay, slightly shaly, black1 ' Coal, #5a?1 ' Underclay, 1' exposed4.5' Covered interval

21.5' Clay, light greenish gray, fissile, limy clay concretions

CO 0-*

i—I rvi

t—l

995.6' Shale, clayey, black, ironstone concretions,

grading upward into interval above .51 Covered interval

Coal, #5?1 Covered interval' Limestone, Putnam Hill' Coal, Brookville

3' Clay, exposed at top of covered interval

100OHIO

MILLERSBURG 15' QUADRANGLESOURCE OP PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source

1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 2932 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 3053 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 3094 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 3125 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 3166 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 3187 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 3218 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 3289 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 336

OHIOLOUDONVILLE 15' QUADRANGLE

SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source

1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, p. 298

OHIOSCIO 15' QUADRANGLE

SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONSSection No. Source

1 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 3952 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 3923 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 2844 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 2855 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 2776 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 10976

101OHIO

UHRICHSVILLE 15' QUADRANGLESOURCE OP PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, pp. 57

& 1012 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1203 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1204 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 2145 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1776 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1767 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 2108 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 1809 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 183

10 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 18511 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, p. 19412 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 39113 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 86914 to 18 Measured and contained in this appendix

102UHRX CHSVXLLE #14

Location: Tuscarawas County, Goshen Township, in road cutsouth of bend in Tuscarawas River just south of New Philadelphia.

Top of Section:? Covered interval above to top of hill

38' Sandstone, fine to coarse, buff, thin to mediumbedded, large mica flakes along the bedding planes, all beds cross-bedded (channel sand?) or (levee?), occasional 2-5' shale, silty, clayey, dark gray

23' Siltstone, argillaceous, gray, ("churned"), grad­ing upward after 16 feet to bedded (medium to massive) siltstone, fine to medium grain size

3-4' Coal, Middle Kittanning10' Clay, shaly, dark gray, grading upward into a good

plastic light gray to yellowish underclay 37' Sandstone, fine to very coarse, buff, cross­

bedded, (channel sandstone?) in places chan­neled into underlying coal, (about 5 feet above the bottom is an irregularly channeled- out 0-1 foot coal zone, occasionally with underclay)

0-1' Shale, clayey, black, slightly silty0-1' Coal, Lower Kittanning

31’ Clay, shaly, silty, zone near bottom has coarse,well-rounded sand grains or oolites? in clay matrix, green to dark gray, clay becoming thoroughly bored and mixed towards top (bay clay?), upper 2 feet very plastic, light gray clayey, bored

16’ Limestone, Vanport, slightly silty and argilla­ceous in thin zones becoming sandy near top and grading into shale above, fossiliferous

23' Shale, dark gray to black, slightly silty but.mostly of clay size, thin zones of limestone concretions, lower 12 feet fossiliferous

2' Limestone, Putnam Hill, dark gray, dense, fossili­ferous

0.5-1.O' Shale, dark gray, carbonaceous, grading upward into shaly limestone

1032'-3' Coal, Brookville0.2' Clay, light gray0.5-1.O' CoalO'-l' Underclay, gray, carbonaceous, shaly

10' Shale, sandy and silty, grey, some thin beddingplanes, grading upward into a light gray silt­stone which is argillaceous

19' Sandstone, light gray on fresh surface, fine tomedium grain size, micaceous, laminated, cross­bedded (channel sandstone?), medium to thick bedding planes, limonite along bedding planes and also large mica flakes

2.0' Coal, variable thickness, sandstone above chan­neled into coal with occasional thin less than 2 feet of clay directly above coal, the clay (shale) is dark gray with few, less than 6 inches diameter, chert nodules in clay

0-1' Clay, black, carbonaceous, few thin coal layers7' Clay, very silty, dark gray, carbonaceous,

micaceous

UHRICHSVILLE #15

Location: Tuscarawas County, T.7N., R.2W., approximately1 mile northwest of highway 16 and 2 miles north­west of Gnadenhutten in strip mine on west side of road

*

Top of Section:12' Indefinite covered interval comprised of silty

shale, estimated thickness 2' Shale, black, carbonaceous2.5' Coal, very shaly4' Underclay, light gray9* Shale, clayey, light greenish gray, limonitic

stain, iron concretions 0.2' Coal, very shaly

57' Shale, black, becoming silty after about 40 feetup, marine fossils (?), ironstone concretions

1' Coal, shaly, grading laterally into calcareousshale, fossiliferous

1043.5’ Coal

10' Clay, light gray to yellow, grading into underclay6 ' Clay, shaly, light gray, limonitic stain2-3' Limestone, light gray, dense, shaly in spots,

limonitic stains, slightly fossiliferous0-3' Clay, carbonaceous, light-dark gray2.5' Coal, Lower Kittanning? Underclay, partly exposed, light gray, yellow

streaks, plastic

UHRICHSVILLE #16

Location: Tuscarawas County, Mill Township, 1 mile north­west of cemetery in Newport in a coal auger pit.

Top of Section:40' Sandstone, buff, lower portion cross-bedded, top

thin bedded5* Shale, Washingtonville, clayey, fossiliferous3' Coal

Underclay

UHRICHSVILLE #17

Location: Tuscarawas County, Rush Township, Section 31,N W % of NEhi in strip mine.

Top of Section:35' Shale, clayey at bottom grading upward into silty

shale, replaced, in part, laterally by sand­stone, cross-bedded (0- 2 0 ')

6 ' Coal, #7?? Underclay

105UHRICHSVILLE #18

Location: Tuscarawas County, Mill Township, about 1 mile■ northwest of Eastport.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval8 ' Sandstone, buff, fine to medium grained, bedded,

bedding planes 2-4 inches apart 8.7' Siltstone, sandy, buff, very thin-bedded2' Siltstone, clayey, very fine grained0.5' Shale, very carbonaceous, sparsely fossiliferous2' Coal #6 a, very shaly, bony8 ' Underclay, ironstone concretions.3* Siltstone, poorly stratified2' Sandstone, silty0.5' Siltstone1.5' Limestone, silty, freshwater1' Siltstone0.7' Sandstone, calcareous, silty

11.3' Covered interval2 ' Sandstone

22' Covered interval, exposing sandstone at base,weathered buff, medium grained, cross-bedded, erosional contact with interval directly below

20' Shale, slightly silty, ironstone concretions,grading upward into very silty shale

2' Shale, clayey, ironstone concretions, fossiliferous? Covered interval, Coal exposed at top, #6 ?

106OHIO

NEWCOMERSTOWN 15' QUADRANGLESOURCE OP PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 3272 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P- 334

2A Measured and contained in this appendix3 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 714 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P. 1025 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1056 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1297 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1448 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1069 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 5978

10 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 598510A Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 14511 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P* 5112 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 8613 Geological Survey, of Ohio Bull. 55, P* 12814 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P. 5915 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 10216 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 6117 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 7218 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 8219 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 1512620 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 6021 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 55, P- 14122 to 24 Measured and contained in this appendix

107NEWCOMERSTOWN #2a

Location: Holmes County, Clark Township, Section 25 NE% of SW%, 1 mile north of Baltic in clay pit.

Top of Section:Shale, silty, brown with clayey siltstone layers

near the topShale, silty at top, blueish-gray, ironstone con­

cretions in thin bands, lower 3 feet fossili­ferous

Covered interval of clay shale, becoming silty at top

Limestone, Putnam Hill, fossiliferous Clay, shaly, fossiliferous Coal, underclay beneath

NEWCOMERSTOWN #22

Tuscarawas County, T.8N., R.3W., Section 16, NE% of NE%, in strip mine on north side of road.

Top of Section:22.8' Covered interval, probably shaly sandstone40' Shale, clayey, light gray at top, dark gray at

bottom, middle of section upward progressively siltier and also thin bedded

8 ' Shale, clayey, slightly silty, dark gray, lime­stone nodules and thin limestone band, fossili­ferous

2' Coal, Middle Kittanning

NEWCOMERSTOWN #23

25'6 '

12 '

1.5'0.5'1 '

Location:

Location: Coshocton County, White Eyes Township, along roadabout one mile north of Bowman School and in aban­doned strip mine north of the road.

Top of Sections7' Shale, silty", clayey0.5' Clay, sparsely fossiliferous2.7' Coal, Middle Kittanning6.5' Clay, plastic, light gray to yellowish7' Siltstone, shaly, buff, to yellowish

1 1 .5 • Covered interval (probably shale, clayey)1.5' Coal, shaly

25' Covered interval8.5' Limestone, dirty gray, dense, sparsely

fossiliferous

NEWCOMERSTOWN #24

Location: Tuscarawas County, Salem Township, Section 11SW% of NE%, in strip mine 0.75 mile from High ways 36 and 16 at the end of Standard Port Washington town road.

Top of Section:

Siltstone, shaly Shale, siltyShale, clayey, fossiliferous, sideritic con­

cretions CoalUnderclay, creamyShale, silty, light buff to yellow Shale, clayeyLimestone, shaly, fossiliferous Shale, clayey black, fossiliferous CoalUnderclay

10 '

15'23*

2 '5.5'

10.5'11.5'1 ’0.5’2.5'

109OHIO

COSHOCTON 15' QUADRANGLESOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source

1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 47, P. 3282 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1503 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P. 734 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1145 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1716 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1067 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1138 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 1879 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 112

10 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 10811 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 12312 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 15513 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 15914 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 18915 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 28, P- 13016 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, P- 15417 to 21 Measured and contained in this appendix

110COSHOCTON #17

Location: Coshocton County, Jackson Township, center ofSection 20, in abandoned strip mine.

Top of Section:15' Sandstone, buff, cross-bedded1' Coal, Lower Freeport?

20' Shale, clayey, grading upward into silty shaleand in turn into underclay

15' Shale, silty35' Shale, clayey, dark gray, silty towards top? Covered interval presumably concealing shale,

(Washingtonville?), fossiliferous, overlying coal (Middle Kittanning?)

COSHOCTON #18

Location: Coshocton County, Jackson Township, Section 4, NW%of S W a l o n g north trending road.

Top of Section: .8 ' Shale, silty, siltstone beds up to 1 foot in

thickness27' Shale, Washingtonville?, black, fossiliferous,

grading upward into silty shale 1' Clay2' Coal, approximate thickness, bottom covered

COSHOCTON #19

Location: Coshocton County, Clark Township, Section 23,SE% of SW% and SW% of SE%, along northwest- southwest trending road.

Top of Sections6 ' Sandstone, partially covered, approximate thick-

ness25’ Shale, clayey, grading upward to silty shale,

partially covered1 ' Coal, shaly1 ' Coal, Middle Kittanning?

30' Covered interval1.5' Coal3' Covered, shale and underclay

19' Sandstone, cross-bedded, coal stringers at base1.5' Shale, clayey, grading upward to silty shale1 ' Limestone, sideritic0.5' Coal, shaly1 ' Underclay

46' Sandstone3' Limestone, cherty, dark gray, fossiliferous,

minimum thickness

COSHOCTON #20

Location; Coshocton County, Jackson Township, about 1 mile southwest of junction of roads 271 and 16, in strip mine and ravine east and west sides of road, respectively.

Top of Section:10 ‘

1.5*8 *4 ’2 '

20 '

36'

Sandstone, buff, medium to coarse grained, lying disconformably over coal, occasional clay lenses between it and coal, clay lenses have dwarfed brachiopods

CoalClay, silty, light greenish to yellow, gray mot­

tled, bored and reworked Sandstone, fine grained, very micaceous Shale, sandySandstone and sandy shale, alternating

below it is clayey, slightly silty, has sideritic concretions and occasional limestone stringers

1120.5' Clay, Washingtonville, black, fossiliferous2.5' Coal6 ' Underclay

34' Covered interval, probably sandstone171 Covered interval at top coal (3 inches exposed)

underlain by clay (at least 3 feet) silty sandstone at base

5.5' Clay, silty34' Covered interval45' Sandstone

COSHOCTON #21

Location: Coshocton County, Jackson Township, in road cutwest of Route 16, 0.25 mile south of junction of Routes 271 and 16.

Top of Section:3' Limestone, very cherty, fossiliferous, chert in

solid bands and nodular 1.5' Limestone, shaly, dark gray, fossiliferous0.5' Shale, very calcareous, fossiliferous1' Shale, black, very carbonaceous

15.5' Covered interval probably clay3.5' Limestone, dark g:ray to brown, very fossili­

ferous

H cm

m

in

113OHIO

BRINKHAVEN 15' QUADRANGLE

Source of Plotted Sections

Section N o . SourceGeological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 121 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 149 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 13018 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 4692 Measured and contained in this appendix

114BRINKHAVEN #5

Location: Coshocton County, Bedford Township, Section 7,NE%, along road trending northeast to southwest.

Top of Section:45.5' Covered interval, probably underlain by coal18' Covered interval, clay exposed at top2' Limestone, gray, dense, sparsely fossiliferous4' Covered interval2' Limestone, sandy, fossiliferous6 ’ Covered interval, limestone, sandy, with fossils

in ironstone, exposed at base 931 Covered interval1' Limestone, dark gray, dense, fossiliferous

OHIOCONESVILLE 15' QUADRANGLESOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 702 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 1933 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 1614 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 16535 Ohio Geological Survey file no^ 5096 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 5217 to 13 Measured by R. M. Flores

14 to 18 Measured and contained in this appendix

116CONESVILLE #14

Locations Muskingum County, T.2N., R.6W., Section 6 , SW% of SW%, extending from abandoned strip mine to the west along the hill.

Top of Sections ,7 Covered interval, shaly at base, very silty,

grading upward into siltstone23' Shale, slightly silty, gray0.5* Shale, clayey, black, fossiliferous2 * Coal, Middle Kittanning?7 Underclay, partly exposed

CONESVILLE #15

Locations Coshocton County, Virginia Township, about 1 mile west-northwest of Willowbrook along left bank of road and in abandoned strip mine.

Top of Sections11' Covered interval, probably sandstone63' Sandstone, buff, occasional silty clay layer,

cross-bedded1-2' Ironstone conglomerate lying discomformably with

shale below7.5' Shale, black, carbonaceous, ironstone concre­

tions, fossiliferous just above coal 54' Covered interval at top of which is a coal

(2'?) Middle Kittanning 17' Limestone, cherty

CONESVILLE #16

Locations Muskingum County, Muskingum Township, about 0.7 mile south of Rock Cut in the road cut.

117Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval concealing uppermost

part of limestone bed below 1.5' Limestone, cherty, dark gray, dense, fossiliferous1' Clay0.3' Coal stringer

10' Clay3.5' Sandstone

28.51 Covered interval containing black flint zone andconcealing bottom part of sandstone above and uppermost part of the light gray, plastic, clay below

2.5' Coal17' Covered interval with partially exposed shale,

silty, grading into siltstone and sandstone and in turn into underclay

2' Shale, clayey, gray, fossiliferous2.5' Limestone, Putnam Hill?, gray, very fossiliferous0.5' Shale, calcareous black, fossiliferous1 1 Coal? Uriderclay, poorly exposed

CONESVILLE #17

Location: Coshocton County, Virginia Township, Section 8 ,NW% of NE%, scraped hill for road cut on north , side of road.

Top of Section:? Indefinite covered interval, sandstone1' Shale, clayey5 1 Covered interval5.5' Limestone, fossiliferous5* Clay6 ' Limestone, very fossiliferous, thin black flint

(?) zone near top of the underlying clay 13.5' Clay4' Limestone, cherty, fossiliferous1' Clay, very light gray5.5' Limestone, cherty

1181 1 ' Clay, olive drab11.5' Shale, silty, clayey1 ' Limestone, cherty, black, dense, fossiliferous1 ' Clay3.5' Limestone, cherty, black, dense, fossiliferous0.5' Clay, gray3' Coal2 ' Clay, gray0.7' Coal0.5’ Clay, parting0.7' Coal5< Siltstone, light gray

CONESVILLE #18

Location: Coshocton County, Virginia Township, Section 8 ,SW% of SE j, about 1 mile southwest of church in Willowbrook in Peabody Coal Company's strip mine.

Top of Section:Covered interval Sandstone Siltstone ClayIronstone SandstoneShale, Washingtonville, clay, very fossiliferous,

increasing silt content upward Coal, #6 Underclay Sandstone Siltstone, shaly Coal, #5a?ClayIronstoneLimestone, cherty, ironstone concretions Siltstone, kaolinitic Clay, Lower Kittanning, dark gray ClayClay, dark gray

?21 '

5'2.5'0.5'

17'20 '

3'1.5'3 ’4'0.2 ’5.5'0.7'2 '6 '1 '4'

to to

119

11' Clay4' Limestone, Vanport, cherty?

38', Siltstone' Limestone, Putnam Hill' Coal

1 2 0

OHIOFRAZEYSBURG 15' QUADRANGLESOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source

1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 1372 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 1843 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 53, p. 1534 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 132115 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 7706 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 7627 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 7658 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 7549 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 740

10 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 71011 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 21, p. 15512 >r Ohio Geological Survey file no. 74713 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 40914 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 40715 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 46116 to 18 Measured by R. M. Flores

OHIOPHILO 15' QUADRANGLE

SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section No. Source

1 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 8262 Ohio Geological Survey file no . 8393 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 5744 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 4755 • Ohio Geological Survey file no. 4816 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 2327 to 12 Measured by R. M. Flores

1 2 1

OHIOZANESVILLE 15' QUADRANGLE

SOURCE OF PLOTTED SECTIONS

Section N o . _ Source

1 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 2 1 , p. 1712 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 48, p. 1743 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 48, p. 1754 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 48, p. 2095 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 48, p. 2116 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 48, p. 2137 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 48, p. 2148 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 48, p. 2169 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 28, p. 129 .

10 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 2 1 , p. 14411 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 42012 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 41013 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 46714 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 78815 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 2 1 , p. 13116 Geological Survey of Ohio Bull. 2 1 , p. 14017 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 34818 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 38219 Ohio Geological Survey file ho. 1095520 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 850821 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 77222 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 76923 Ohio Geological Survey file no. 77324 to 36 Measured by R. M. Flores37 Measured and contained in this appendix

1 2 2

ZANESVILLE #37

Location: Muskingum County, T.1N., R.8W., in Zanesvillealong road cut 100 yards east of Licking River on north side of road.

Top of Section:8 ' Covered interval, probably shaly siltstone8 ' Covered interval with silty shale2.5' Limestone, Putnam Hill, fossiliferous0.7' Shale

35' Sandstone7' Siltstone8 ' Shale, black1.5' Sandstone5' Shale, clayey0.6' Flint1' Coal

10' Siltstone, dark gray, shaly1' Shale, black1.5' Coal

VITA

Ronald K. Zimmerman was born in Wabash County, Illinois

on January 6 # 1935. He attended public primary and second­ary schools in that county, graduating from Mt. Carmel High

School in the spring of 1952. He completed a tour of duty

with the United States Army in December of 1956. In Septem­ber, 1957 he entered Augustana College at Rock Island, Illinois, transferred to the University of Illinois in

September, 1958, and was granted a Bachelor of Science degree

from that institution in August of 1960.He entered the graduate school at Louisiana State Uni­

versity in September, 1960 and received a Master of Science degree in geology in June, 1963. While studying at Louisi­

ana State University, he held an industrial fellowship with

Coastal Studies Institute from February, 1961 to June,1962, a graduate assistantship in the Department of Geology

during the academic years of 1962-63 and 1963-64, and the Socony Mobil Oil Company Fellowship in geology during the academic year 1964-65.

123

He is a member of the Society of Sigma Xi and American

Association of Petroleum Geologists. He has been employed as a geologist in the exploration department of Humble Oil

and Refining Company since August 1965.

EXAMINATION AND THESIS REPORT

Candidate:

Major Field:

Title of Thesis:

Ronald K. Zimmerman

Geology

Aspects of Early Allegheny Depositional Environments in Eastern Ohio

Approved:

Professor ana Chairman

Dean of the Graduate School

EXAMINING COMMITTEE:

Date of Examination:

May 5, 1966

LOCATION OF STRATIGRAI

C O N TRO L

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EXPLANATION

15’ QUADRANGLE IDENTIFICATION

A Alliance • LV LoudonvilleAT Athens M MillersburgBV Beaver N NavarreB Bri'nkhaven NL New LexingtonCZ Cadiz - NW NewcastleCN Canton NC NewcomerstownCT Carrollton P PhiloC Columbiana SL SalinevilleCV Conesville SC ScioCS ; Coshocton SB SteubenvilleD Dover U UhrichsvilleF Frazeysburg w We11svilieJ Jackson WK WilkesvilleLR Laurelville Z ZaleskiL Lisbon ZV ZanesvilleLG Logan

N 12 Location of plotted section by quadrangle

40°00'

is Location of cross sections shown in

39°30'

39°00'

iO£ol8 i00o38

N 151 QUADRANGLE IDENTIFICATION

A Alliance LV LoudonvilieAT Athens M MillersburgBV Beaver N NavarreB Brinkhaven NL New LexingtonCZ Cadiz NW NewcastleCN Canton NC NewcomerstownCT Carrollton P ..PhiloC Columbiana SL SalinevilleCV Conesville SC ScioCS Coshocton SB SteubenvilleD Dover U UhrichsvilleF Frazeysburg W We11svilieJ Jackson WK WilkesvilleLR Laurelville Z ZaleskiL Lisbon ZV ZanesvilleLG Logan

. 12 Location of plotted section by quadrangle

8 Location of cross sections shown in 10 15............................. ...■ ■ ■ K = = ) ** •ILES plates II through VI.

6 - F R E E P O R T SEDIMENTARY COMPLEX

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EXPLANATI

CHEMICAL ROCKS DEJ -X- | It<3>

MARINE - BRACKISH LIMESTONE, BEDS, LENSES, a NODULES

FRESH-WATER LIMESTONE LENSES

M A U G H

CANTON

M

S E D / M E N T A R >Y

A 12

D I2A

D 6 8

^ I t I ^ D O R R RUN

VLOWER F R E E P O R T

\ C O A L * 6 0

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LE KITTANNING (LOWER F R E E P O R T SEDIMENTARY I SEDIMENTARY

U NIT UNIT

»NING - F R E E P O R T ENTARY COM PLEX

sn ml?CD

EXPLANATION

CHEMICAL ROCKS DETRITAL ROCKS, 1,1,1,. M A R I N E - B R A C K I S H L IM E S T O N E ,

B E D S, L E N S E S , a N O D U L E S•••••. * • •'

n r *F R E S H - W A T E R LIM E ST O N E L E N S E S

• — * — * *

S A N D S T O N E

S I L T S T O N E f t S IL T Y

CLARION SEDIMENTARY COMPLEX KITTANNING - FREEI

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-I 1 | I I I | 1 I I I I I I I I<1!! I!!!!!!!!-»-!! '■i'iilM' 11. i j i j i! i!111 j H"l7 1T rTMr7^ i f \ 111 11111111 i i i i 1 > ■ <

LOWER CLARION U P P E R LOWER KITTANNING y SEDIMENTARY CLARION SEDIMENTARY

UNIT SEDIMENTARY UNIT /UNIT j

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UNIT

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SEDIMENTARY UNIT

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F R E S H -W A T E R LIMESTONE L E N S E S

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COAL

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SIL T ST O N E 8 SILTY SH /

CLAY SH A L E

F E E T — 80

— 60

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O

SYMBOLS

D 33

\ 7

MARINE - BRACKISH F O S S IL S

BRACKISH F O S S I L S

CONTACT, A B R U PT 8 GRADATIONAL

STRATIGRAPHIC SE C T IO N 8 NUMBER

COVERED INTERVAL

CROSS SECTION A -BSEE PLATE I FOR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

9 /» O >f /•

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NAVARRE

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MIDDLE KITTANNING 6

CHEMICAL ROCKSM ARIN E-BRA CK ISH L L E N S E S , A NODULE

F WFR E SH -W A T E R LIME:

EXPLANATION

MICAL ROCKSH M A R IN E -B R A C K IS H L IM E S T O N E , BEDS, J L E N S E S , a N O D U LES

]> F R E S H -W A T E R LIM ESTO N E L E N S E S

DETRITAL ROCKS

SA N D STO N E

SILTSTONE & SILTY SHALE

A

CS9

VANPORT-

•PUTNAM HILL

f cU3T >DC

U$ /

-V /

-BROOKVILLE ” 4

LOWERKITTANNING

N 2 8 MIDDLE KITTANNING ~ 6

SCARAWAS.T. r i _

RASBURGSo

N 2 3

COLUMBIANA ~ -_r-

V

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FR E S H -W A T E R LIMESTONE LEN SES

CHERT, BEDS a NODULES

IRONSTONE, LAYERS 6 NODULES

COAL

"SEATROCK"(UNDERCLAY)

SILTSTONE 8 SILTY SHALE

CLAY SHALE

F E E T

-80

— 60

— 40

— 2 0

SYMBOLS

D 3 3

MARINE - BRACKISH FOSSILS

BRACKISH FOSSILS

CONTACT, ABRUPT a GRADATIONAL

STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION 8 NUMBER

COVERED INTERVAL

CROSS SECTION C -DSEE PLATE I FOR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

NAVARR. DOVER

Ftf?EDO

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EXPLANATION

CHEMICAL ROCKS DETRITAL ROCKSMARINE - BRACKISH LIM ESTONE, BEDS, SANDSTONEL E N S E S , 8 NODULES ::l\;hv=;

FR E SH -W A T E R LIM ESTONE L E N S E S s il t s t o n e a

28 n 32* * *•

M ID D L E K IT T A N N IN G

¥STRASBURG 5 a

LOW ER KITTANNING 5

N 16

COLUM BIANA

r x * PU TN A M

i t ? HILL

B R O O K V IL L E 4

V A N P O R T

TUSCARAWAS

I 18M IO O LE K IT T A N N IN G 6

N 31 yS T R A S B U R G * 5 a

J-- M -

-)

- - CO LU M B IA N A

L O W E R K ITTA N N IN G 5

VAN P O R T

M H IL L

TUSCARAWAS

FW

18M IDDLE K ITTA N N IN G 6

N 31- - / S T R A S B U R G - 5 a

*■?i i --)

COLUMBIANA3

LOWER KITTANNING 5

VAN P O R T

HILL

□

- "ajssr

A (L.<3? <5>

<s>

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— £ 0

\& | LENSES, ft NODULES

F W

-A A.<37 <S>

FR E SH -W A T E R LIMESTONE L E N S E S

CHERT, BEDS 8 NODULES

Isl'iiUil*.:! SANDSTONE

SILTSTO N E 8 SILTY SHALE

CLAY SH ALE

333EZT*S> <S> IRONSTONE, LAYERS 8 NODULES

COAL o

v s "SEA T R O C K " (UNDERCLAY)

F E E T r-eo

60

— 40

—20

SYMBOLS

-car

£

D 3 3 -X.-

MARINE - BRACKISH FO SSILS

BRACKISH FO SSILS

CONTACT, ABRUPT 8 GRADATIONAL

STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION 8 NUMBER

COVERED INTERVAL

CROSS SECTION E -F 8 G-JSEE P L A T E I FOR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

MILLERSBURG NAVARRE

N 12

LOWER

COSHOCTON

K.

/

L O W E R F R E E P O R T

COSHOCTON

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LOWER FREEPORT.

CHEMIC7 = P = t | M<£> LI

EXPLANATION

CHEMICAL ROCKS DETRITAL ROCKSMARINE - BRACKISH L I M E S T O N E , BEDS,L E N S E S , a N O D U L E S , . * •* St *#

<r'r iTS F R E S H - W A T E R 1T T -1 .

S A N D S T O N E

S I L T S T O N E a SILTY S H A L E

"MIDDLE KITTANNING 6

, WASHINGTONVILLE

COLUMBIANA

N 14

LOWER KITTA N N IN G *!

N 13

*

V

PUTNAM HI

' - 'BROOKVILLE * 4

N 29

I ING ^ 5

n

%JL L l L j ^ VAN p o r t

1AM H I L L ^ -

T—- r 1-

■±'&r

• r —• “ - TfSr

* 4

CS 9r ? ?17

/

0 3 ON

ak*6 SO

V j$ T :6 ON1—1|

\£i-tL

NC 14

BROOKVILLE 4

LOWER KITTANNING 5

- - - \

^WASHINGTON VILLE

MIDDLE KITTANNING ^ 6

‘Stt ^ -C O L U M B IA N A

i

PUTNAM HILL

N 6 T 0 N V I L L E

K I T T A N N I N G 6

L U M B IA N A

ING * 5

NC 14

ft\

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E*4

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U5

WASHINGTON VILLE

MIDDLE KITTANNING ^ 6

'SrSr ^ —-COLUMBIANA

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LOWER KITTANNING 5

PUTNAM HILL

Ul

|<& l e n s e s , a NODUL

<8? ®

FRESH-WATER

CHERT, BEDS 8 1

IRONSTONE, LAYEf

COAL

"SEATROCK" (UNDEI

F E E T SYIVr-80

*€5

h -60

t - 40 -RT5V A

I— 2 0

L - O

CROSS

|<& ^ | L E N S E S , f t N O D U LES

F R E S H - W A T E R

<XS> <s>

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CHERT, BEDS 8 N O D U L E S

I R O N S T O N E , L A Y E R S 8 NO DULES

COAL

" S E A T R O C K " (U N D E R C L A Y )

K I SANDSTONE I: 1

SILTSTONE 8 SILTY SHALE

CLAY SHALE

FEET — 80

— 60

— 40

— 2 0

*— 0

SYMBOLS

" O ’

D 3 3

V

MARINE - BRACKISH F O S S I L S

BRACKISH FOSSILS

CONTACT, A B R U P T 8 GRADATIONAL

STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION 8 NUMBER

COVERED INTERVAL

CROSS SECTION l-J -H 8 K-H-MS E E P L A T E I FOR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

2 0 2 4 6

COSHOCTON

MIDDLE KITTANNING * 6

jNEVVCOjVJERSTo w n

L.

NC 23 NC 3

EXPLANATION

CHEMICAL ROCKS DE‘r*.i±iJLi M ARINE-BRACKISH LIMESTONE,

BEDS, LENSES, a NODULES. u .»•’ l*.» •*

nr* FRESH-WATER LIMESTONE LENSES . —JJ.

E X P L A N A T I O N

ICAL ROCKS DETRITAL ROCKSM A R IN E -B R A C K IS H L IM E ST O N E , BEDS, L E N S E S , a NODULES

|.l. L. 1.1. TP..a

•• l* • ' SANDSTONE

F R E S H -W A T E R LIMESTONE LENSES I v - f l SILTSTONE a SILTY SHALE

CS 3

MIDDLE KITTANNING 6

LOWER KITTANNING 5

- — *

PUTNAM HILL

BROOKVILLE

|€> ^ I BEDS, LENSES, 8 NODULES li” *i ~ v I -i

'sr.sr.

333CC ® 9

*1

FR ESH-W ATER LIMESTONE LENSES

CHERT, BEDS 8 N O D U L E S

IRONSTONE, LAYERS 8 NODULES

COAL

"SEATROCK"(UNDERCLAY)

SI

F E E T

r-80

60

— 40

— 2 0

^ - 0

SYMBOLS

D 3 3

V

MARINE-BRACKISH FOSSIL!

BRACKISH FOSSILS

CONTACT, ABRUPT 8 GRAI

STRATI GRAPHIC SECTION

COVERED INTERVAL

CROSS SECTION (SEE P L A T E I FOR GEOGRAPHIC

2 O 2 4

BEDS, LENSES, a NODULES F“,v I li”*i ~ v i -I

FRESH-W ATER LIMESTONE LENSES

CHERT, BEDS 8 N O D U L E S

SILTSTONE 8 SILTY SHALE

CLAY SHALE

«T IRONSTONE, LAYERS 8 NODULES

COAL

V f "SEATROCK"(UNDERCLAY)

SYMBOLS

D 3 3

VA

MARINE-BRACKISH FOSSILS

BRACKISH FOSSILS

CONTACT, ABRUPT 8 GRADATIONAL

STRATI GRAPHIC SECTION 8 NUMBER

COVERED INTERVAL

CROSS SECTION C -LSEE P L A T E I FOR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

2 O 2 4 6