Proceedings of the

ASME Conference on Smart Materials,Adaptive Structures and

Intelligent Systems

-2012 -

VOLUME 1

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF

MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

MODELING, SIMULATION AND CONTROL OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS

STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING

presented at

ASME 2012 CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

SEPTEMBER 19-21, 2012

STONE MOINTAIN, GEORGIA, USA

ASME

Three Park Avenue * New York, N.Y. 10016

CONTENTS

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF

MUTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

SMASIS2012-7911 1

Wave Propagation in Periodic Piezoelectric Elastic WaveguidesD. G. Piliposyan, K. B. Ghazaryan, G. T. Piliposian, and A. S. Avetisyan

SMASIS2012-7922 11

Functional Silver Nanoink for Direct Write Applications

Zongwu Bai, Garth B. Wilks, Gyaneshwar P. Tandon, Brandon J. Yocum, and

Ryan S. Justice

SMASIS2012-7936 19

Processing and Characterization of Novel Bismaleimide-Based Shape Memory Polymer

CompositesG. P. Tandon, T. Gibson, J. Shumaker, R. Coomer, J. Baur, and R. S. Justice

SMASIS2012-7968 27

Solvent Induced Shape Memory Behaviour of Sulfonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone (SPEEK)V. S. Anand, K. V. Vimal, and Susy Varughese

SMASIS2012-7975 35

Evaluation of Encapsulated IPMC Sensor Based on Thick Parylene CoatingHong Lei, Wen Li, Guoming Zhu, and Xiaobo Tan

SMASIS2012-7986 43

The Application of Multiwall Carbon Nano-Tubes/Polypyrrole Composite Electrode in

Flexible Energy Storage System for Electronic Textile and Wearable Electronics

Ka Yeung Terence Lee, Hani Naguib, Keryn Lian, and Elaine Biddiss

SMASIS2012-8002 49

Piezoelectric-Property Adjustment of Cellular Ferroelectrets by Foam-Structure and

Geometry Variations

Martynas Sborikas and Michael Wegener

SMASIS2012-8004 55

Air-Brushed Carbon Nanotube (CNT) and Inkjet-Printed Silver and PEDOT:

PSS Layer as Alternative Electrodes for Piezoelectric Polymer TransducerSven-Oliver Seidel, Bert Fischer, Nicole Stahlberg, and Michael Wegener

SMASIS2012-8009 63

Vibration Sensing and Energy Harvesting Using Ultra-Long Vertically Aligned Array of

Barium Titanate Nanowires

Aneesh Koka and Henry A. Sodano

v

SMASIS2012-8021 69

Synthesis and Characterization of PVDF-Based SWNT/GO Hybrid Films

Nirmal Shankar Sigamani, Henry Sodano, and Zoubeida Ounaies

SMASIS2012-8030 75

Electrospinning and Characterization of Nafion Nanofiber Membranes

Fenghua Zhang, Zhichun Zhang, Yanju Liu, and Jinsong Leng

SMASIS2012-8036 81

Miniaturization of QR Code Carriers Based on Shape Memory PolymerNikolaus Fritzsche and Thorsten Pretsch

SMASIS2012-8038 89

Durability of QR Code Carriers Based on Shape Memory PolymerMelanie Ecker and Thorsten Pretsch

SMASIS2012-8040 97

On the Properties of Ni-Rich NiTi Shape Memory Parts Produced by Selective Laser MeltingChristoph Haberland, Horst Meier, and Jan Frenzel

SMASIS2012-8042 105

New Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Production and Actuator ConceptsEmmanouel Pagounis and Markus Laufenberg

SMASIS2012-8069 111

Towards Hyper-Redundant and Super-Configurable Articulated Structures

John P. Swensen and Aaron M. Dollar

SMASIS2012-8070 117

Experimental Optimization of Electrode Composition for Ionic PolymerTransducers in Sensing

Bilge Kocer and Lisa Mauck Wetland

SMASIS2012-8072 123

Clarifying the Carbon Nanotube Actuation Mechanism: An Experimental ApproachSebastian M. Geier, Stephan Muller, Thorsten Mahrholz, Peter Wierach,Johannes Riemenschneider, and Michael Sinapius

SMASIS2012-8085 133

Ceramic Siloxane Composite as a Future Elastomer Dielectric for Micro-Actuator Realization

Sofiane Soulimane, Wen-Pin Shih, Marc Vedrenne, and Henri Camon

SMASIS2012-8100 139

Micromechanics Modeling of Multiphase Piezoelectric CompositesMohammad H. Malakooti and Henry A. Sodano

SMASIS2012-8103 149

Fracture Modeling of an Embedded Crack in Self-Healing PolymersMohammad H. Malakooti and Henry A. Sodano

vi

SMASIS2012-8126 1B7

Characterization of Ferroelectric Single Crystals With Field Induced Phase Transformations

John A. Gallagher and Christopher S. Lynch

SMASIS2012-8127 163

Back-Relaxation of Carbon-Based Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators

Veiko Vunder, Andres Punning, and Alvo Aabloo

SMASIS2012-8131 169

Design of a Morphing Skin by Optimizing a Honeycomb Structure With a Two-Phase

Material Infill

John Puttmann, Ricardo Beblo, James Joo, Brian Smyers, and Gregory Reich

SMASIS2012-8143 177

Actuation Behavior in Patterned Magnetorheological Elastomers:

Simulation, Experiment, and ModelingParis von Lockette

SMASIS2012-8148 185

Tunable Band-Pass Filters Employing Stretchable Electronic ComponentsGeoffrey A. Slipher, Randy A. Mrozek, and Justin L. Shumaker

SMASIS2012-8176 193

Experimental Validation of Simultaneous Gust Alleviation and Energy Harvesting for

Multifunctional Composite Wing SparsYa Wang and Daniel J. Inman

SMASIS2012-8178 201

Characterization of a Porous Multifunctional Nanocomposite for Pressure SensingReza Rizvi, Hani Naguib, and Elaine Biddiss

SMASIS2012-8180 207

In-Plane Field Propagation in EAP Transducers Based on the Equivalent Network Method

Christian Graf and Jurgen Maas

SMASIS2012-8194 213

Modelling of the Structure-Property Relationships in Auxetic Nanotube

Yongtao Yao, Andrew Alderson, Kim Lesley Alderson, and Jinsong Leng

SMASIS2012-8195 219

Load-Initiated Two-Way Effect of Shape Memory Alloys in Composite Structures and a

Phenomenological Modelling ApproachMartin Gurka, Moritz Hubler, Sebastian Schmeer, and Ulf Paul Breuer

SMASIS2012-8257 227

Analysis of Shape Memory Polymer-Alloy Composites: Modeling and Parametric Studies

Jungkyu Park, Leon M. Headings, Marcelo J. Dapino, Jeffery W. Baur, and

Gyaneshwar P. Tandon

vii

MODELING, SIMULATION AND CONTROL OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS

SMASIS2012-7906 237

Elastic Compensation of Linear Shape Memory Alloy Actuators Using CompliantMechanisms

Giovanni Scire Mammano and Eugenio Dragoni

SMASIS2012-7908 247

Energy Harvesting Under Combined Aerodynamic and Base Excitations

Amin Bibo and Mohammed F. Daqaq

SMASIS2012-7921 259

Adaptive Control of Nonminimum Phase Systems Using Sensor Blending With

Application to Launch Vehicle Control

Mark J. Balas

SMASIS2012-7924 271

Robust Adaptive Control of Mildly Nonlinear Systems With Time VaryingInput/Output DelaysJames P. Nelson, Richard S. Erwin, and Mark J. Balas

SMASIS2012-7925 281

A Hybrid Master-Slave Genetic Algorithm-Neural Network Approach for Modeling a

Piezoelectric Actuator

Mohamed B. Trabia and Mohammad Y. Saadeh

SMASIS2012-7930 295

Indirect Intelligent Sliding Mode Control Using Hysteretic Recurrent Neural Networks With

Application to a Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Beam

Jennifer C. Hannen and Gregory D. Buckner

SMASIS2012-7938 305

Shape Characterization of a Simply Supported Beam in MorphingAmin Mohaghegh Motlagh and William W. Clark

SMASIS2012-7940 311

Modeling of Non-Monotonic Hysteresis Behavior in VCVCoated Microactuators

Jun Zhang, Emmanuelle Merced, Nelson Sepulveda, and Xiaobo Tan

SMASIS2012-7942 321

Homogenized Energy Model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulations for Macro Fiber

Composites Operating in Broadband RegimesZhengzheng Hu, Michael Hays, Ralph C. Smith, Nathanial Burch, and William S. Oates

SMASIS2012-7944 329

Adaptive Disturbance Tracking Control With Wind Speed Reduced Order State Estimation

for Region II Control of Large Wind Turbines

Kaman S. Thapa Magar, Mark J. Balas, and Susan A. Frost

SMASIS2012-7945 335

Sliding Mode Control for Inverse Compensated Hysteretic Smart Systems

Jerry A. McMahan and Ralph C. Smith

viii

SMASIS2012-7946 345

Bimorph Piezoelectric Cymbal Design in Energy HarvestingChangki Mo, Steve Jordan, and William W. Clark

SMASIS2012-7964 353

Analytical and Numerical Modelling of Shape Memory Alloy Negator Springs for

Long-Stroke Constant-Force Actuators

Andrea Spaggiari and Eugenio Dragoni

SMASIS2012-7973 363

A Minimally Invasive Cage for Spinal Fusion Surgery Utilizing Superelastic HingesWalter Anderson, Cory Chapman, Zohreh Karbaschi, and Mohammad Elahinia

SMASIS2012-7985 373

Finite Amplitude Underwater Flexural Vibrations of Cantilevers

Matteo Aureli and Maurizio Porfiri

SMASIS2012-7988 383

Sliding Mode Control of the Human Vestibular SystemRachael McCarty, S. Nima Mahmoodi, and Keith Williams

SMASIS2012-7989 391

Development of Robust Control Algorithms for Shape Memory Alloy Bending Actuators

John H. Crews, Ralph C. Smith, and Jennifer C. Hannen

SMASIS2012-7999 401

Control of Oscillations of a Wing Subjected to 3D Unsteady Subsonic Aerodynamic Loads

Using Piezoelectric Actuators

Tahereh Mirmohammadi, Arun K. M/sra, and Dan Mateescu

SMASIS2012-8016 411

Nonlinear Vibration Response of a Beam With a Breathing Crack

Gang Wang

SMASIS2012-8017 419

Modeling of a Shape Memory Alloy Circular Bar Under Combined Axial-Torsional LoadingMasood Taheri Andani, Amin Alipour, Ahmadreza Eshghinejad, and

Mohammad Elahinia

SMASIS2012-8044 429

Investigations on the Amplitude-Dependent Damping Behavior of Superelastic Shape

Memory AlloysJonas Bottcher, Marcus Neubauer, and Jorg Wallaschek

SMASIS2012-8050 437

An Efficient Computational Inverse Approach for Optimal Design of Localized

Activation and Actuation for Morphing SMP Structures

Shuang Wang and John C, Brigham

ix

SMASIS2012-8051 447

Optimal Arrangement of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Actuators for Buckling Control of

Cylindrical Shells

Jose Sandeep, C. Lakshmana Rao, and K. Arun Tangirala

SMASIS2012-8082 453

Design and Characterization of a Soft Electroactive Adaptive Structure for LeggedRobotic Motion

Jason Newton, Michael Hays, Jonathan Clark, and William S. Oates

SMASIS2012-8084 461

Model-Based Feedforward Control of a Robotic Manipulator With Pneumatic

Artificial Muscles

Ryan M. Robinson, Norman M. Wereley, and Curt S. Kothera

SMASIS2012-8107 473

Full Electromechanical Optimization of Shunted Piezoelectric Patch for ControllingElastodynamic Waves' Power Flow

Flaviano Tateo and Tianli Huang

SMASIS2012-8125 481

The Study of Fluid Structure Interactions of an Electroactive Membrane WingMichael R. Hays, Adam Hart, William S. Oates, and Lawrence Ukeiley

SMASIS2012-8137 489

The Homogenized Energy Model for Characterizing Magnetization and Strains in

Ferromagnetic Materials

Lucus Van Blaircum and Ralph C. Smith

SMASIS2012-8144 497

Implementation of a Variable Stiffness Actuator Based on Dielectric Elastomers:

A Feasibility StudyGiovanni Berselli, Rocco Vertechy, Mitja Babic, and Vincenzo Parenti Castelli

SMASIS2012-8164 507

Predicting the Magneto-Mechanical Behavior of MSMAs Subject to Complex Load Paths

Heidi P. Feigenbaum, Constantin Ciocanel, and Alex Waldauer

SMASIS2012-8175 517

Comparative Investigation of the Electroelastic Dynamics of Piezoceramics With

Interdigitated and Uniform Electrodes

Martin Cacan and Alper Erturk

SMASIS2012-8191 527

Stable Bipedal Locomotion Using Biomimetic IPMC Actuators

Milad Hosseinipour and Mohammad Elahinia

SMASIS2012-8197 537

Fluid-Structure Interaction Model of a Synthetic Jet Using Coupled Computational Fluid

Dynamics and Finite Elements

Charles E. Seeley, Stan Weaver, and Brian Rush

x

SMASIS2012-8203 , 545

Force-Deflection Characteristics of SMA-Based Belleville SpringsFranco Furgiuele, Carmine Maletta, and Emanuele Sgambitterra

SMASIS2012-8226 553

Numerical Investigation of the Response of Active Bend-Twist PZT Actuator

Jaret C. Riddick, Asha J. Hall, and Oliver J. Myers

SMASIS2012-8230 559

Piezoelectric Two Layer Plate for Position Stabilization

Martin Krause, Daniel Steinert, Eric Starke, Uwe Marschner, Giinther Pfeifer, and

Wolf-Joachim Fischer

SMASIS2012-8232 565

Determining Electromechanical Network Model Parameters of a Piezomagnetic UnimorphStructure With Finite-Element Simulations

Uwe Marschner and Eric Starke

SMASIS2012-8243 571

Shape Memory Effect Behavior of NiTi Torque Tubes in Torsion

Reza Mehrabi, Mahmoud Kadkhodaei, Masood Taheri, and Mohammad Elahinia

STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING

SMASIS2012-7904 577

Comparison of Inverse Algorithms for Delamination Detection in Composite Laminates

Zhifang Zhang, Obinna Kenneth Ihesiulor, Krishna Shankar, and Tapabrata Ray

SMASIS2012-7905 587

Application of Singular Spectrum Analysis to Bridge Structure Health Monitoring and

Damage Detection

Chin-Hsiung Loh and Shu-Hsien Chao

SMASIS2012-7910 595

Modelling of Mechanical Nonlinearity in an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester

Using a Forced Duffing EquationS. D. Moss, L. A. Vandewater, and S. C. Galea

SMASIS2012-7915 601

Substructure Model Updating Through Iterative Convex OptimizationDapeng Zhu and Yang Wang

SMASIS2012-7916 609

Wavelet-Based Online Evaluation and Classification of Wear State Using Acoustic Emission

Dorra Baccar and Dirk Soffker

SMASIS2012-7917 615

Simulation of Interaction Between Lamb Waves and Cracks for Structural Health

Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors

Yanfeng Shen and Victor Giurgiutiu

xi

SMASIS2012-7923 625

Passive Frequency Doubling Antenna Sensor for Wireless Strain SensingXiaohua Yi, Chunhee Cho, Yang Wang, Benjamin S. Cook, James Cooper, Rushi Vyas,Manos M. Tentzeris, and Roberto T. Leon

SMASIS2012-7935 633

The Quantification of Uncertainty in SHM Features Derived From TransmissibilityEstimation

Zhu Mao and Michael Todd

SMASIS2012-7939 643

Wave Propagation in Multi-Layered Elastic Beam

Ahmet Una! and Gang Wang

SMASIS2012-7948 653

A Structural Health Monitoring System for Composite Beams With CoupledBending-Torsion

Zeaid Hasan and Ghassan Atmeh

SMASIS2012-7954 665

Wireless Strain Sensors Using Electromagnetic Resonators

AH Daliri, Sabu John, Chun H. Wang, Amir Galehdar, Wayne S. T. Rowe, and

Kamran Ghorbani

SMASIS2012-7958 671

Conductivity-Based Damage Detection in Carbon Fiber Composites

Bryan R. Loyola, Luciana Arronche, Valeria La Saponara, and Kenneth J. Loh

SMASIS2012-7959 679

Self-Sensing Photoactive Thin Films for Monitoring Space Structures

Donghyeon Ryu and Kenneth J. Loh

SMASIS2012-7998 687

Evaluation of Damage in a Continuum Through a Multi-Objective OptimizationInverse ApproachMengyu Wang and John Brigham

SMASIS2012-8005 697

Study of Aerospace Structures With Bonded Piezoelectric Strips Subjected to Unsteady

Aerodynamic Loads for Structural Health MonitoringYong Han, Dan Mateescu, and Arun K. Misra

SMASIS2012-8010 707

Experimental Nondestructive Testing Using Magnetostrictive Particles Embedded in

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Beams

Jonathan Rudd, Dustin Spayde, and Oliver Myers

SMASIS2012-8013 713

Lamb Wave Propagation Study Using Frequency-Wavenumber AnalysisZhenhua Tian and Lingyu Yu

xii

SMASIS2012-8023 723

Optical Fibre Sensing of High Order Lamb Waves for Structural Health MonitoringCedric Rosalie, Patrick Norman, Joel Smithard, Claire Davis, and Nik Rajic

SMASIS2012-8024 731

An Approach for Measuring Quasi-Static Mechanical Loads Using a Low-Power

Piezoelectric Sensor

John A. Vine and Scott D. Moss

SMASIS2012-8039 739

Feasibility of Structural Health Monitoring of High Strain Rate Events UsingFiber Bragg Grating Sensors

James Ayers, Tusit Weerasooriya, Anindya Ghoshal, Collin Pecora, Allan Gunnarsson,

Brett Sanborn, and Peter Turney

SMASIS2012-8052 749

Detecting Cracks in Reciprocating Compressor Valves Using Pattern Recognition in

Frequency SpaceKurt Pichler, Edwin Lughofer, Thomas Buchegger, Erich Peter Klement, and

Matthias Huschenbett

SMASIS2012-8055 757

Corrosion Damage Monitoring, Using Guided Lamb Waves

Byungseok Yoo and Ashish Purekar

SMASIS2012-8061 765

Multimodal Lamb Waves Power and Transfer Function Analysis of

Structurally-Bonded PWASBin Lin, Ayman Kamal, Victor Giurgiutiu, and Tuncay Kamas

SMASIS2012-8083 773

Intrinsic Spatio-Temporal Resolution Analysis of Nondestructive Impact Diagnostic Force

Ensembles and Collocated Accelerations in a Composite Beam Structure

loannis T. Georgiou

SMASIS2012-8094 783

Electromechanical Impedance Modeling for Structural Health MonitoringLiuxian Zhao, Lingyu Yu, Matthieu Gresil, Michael Sutton, and Siming Guo

SMASIS2012-8096 791

Dual Mode Sensing of Crack Growth in Steel Bridge Structures

Lingyu Yu, Liuxian Zhao, Zhenhua Tian, Victor Giurgiutiu, and Paul Ziehl

SMASIS2012-8109 799

Load Monitoring of Aerospace Structures Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)M. Martinez, B. Rocha, M. Li, G. Shi, A. Beltempo, R. Rutledge, and M. Yanishevsky

SMASIS2012-8110 807

Gas Accumulation Detection in a Water Tank Using Lamb Waves

Lingyu Yu, Zhenhua Tian, and Liuxian Zhao

xiii

SMASIS2012-8113 817

Validation of a Strain-Based Wing Shape Prediction Algorithm for Control and

Monitoring of an Uninhabited Air Vehicle

Jessica Alvarenga, Francisco Pena, and Helen Boussalis

SMASIS2012-8118 823

Gyroscopic Effects of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Using Stochastic Aeroelasticity via

Spinning Finite Elements

Antonio Velazquez and R. Andrew Swartz

SMASIS2012-8139 833

Nonlinear Guided Waves for Structural Health Monitoring: Numerical Algorithm and

Application to Railroad Track

Claudio Nucera and Francesco Lanza di Scalea

SMASIS2012-8145 837

Investigation of Low Velocity Impact Damage in Aluminum Alloys

Benjamin Cooper and Andrei Zagrai

SMASIS2012-8151... 845

Experimental Investigations in Embedded Sensing for Structural Health Monitoring of

Composite Components in Aerospace Vehicles

Anindya Ghoshal, James Ayers, Mark Gurvich, Michael Urban, and Nathaniel Bordick

SMASIS2012-8153 855

Automatic Extraction of Hyperbolic Signatures in Ground Penetrating Radar ImagesZhenhua Xie, Xiangmin Wei, and Ying Zhang

SMASIS2012-8154 861

An Investigation on the Detectability of Deeper Rebar Layer in Concrete Bridge Decks

Using GPR

Xiangmin Wei, Zhenhua Xie, and Ying Zhang

SMASIS2012-8177 869

Distinguishing the Degradation of the Interdigital Piezoelectric Fibre Transducers From

Structural Damage in Multifunctional CompositesMohammad Mehdizadeh, Sabu John, Chun H. Wang, Kamran Ghorbani, and

Wayne S. T. Rowe

SMASIS2012-8200 879

Solid-State Dye Sensitized Optoelectronic Carbon Nanotube-Wires: An Energy Harvesting

Damage Sensor With Nanotechnology ApproachMohammed Jasim Uddin, Tarik J. Dickens, Jin Yan, David O. Olawale, Okenwa I. Okoli,

and Federico Cesano

SMASIS2012-8206 885

Wireless Vibration Sensing Without a Battery

Haiying Huang and Yayu Hew

xiv

SMASIS2012-8216 891

Lamb Wave Instantaneous Phase Based Method for Quantitative Level of Delamination

Damage in Composite Structures

Dulip Samaratunga, Ruisheng Wang, and Ratneshwar Jha

SMASIS2012-8231 897

A New Imaging Approach to In Situ and Ex-Situ Inspections of Fibre Reinforced Composites

by Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT)Axel Renner, Wolf-Joachim Fischer, and Uwe Marschner

SMASIS2012-8239 903

Design, Development, and Assembly of Space Flight Structural Health Monitoring

ExperimentDavid Siler, Ben Cooper, Chris White, Stephen Marinsek, Andrei Zagrai, Joe MacGiilivray,

Jaclene Gutierrez, Karen Tena, Levi Magnuson, Lloyd Puckett, Jordan Klepper,Anders Jorgensen, and Seth Kessler

SMASIS2012-8241 907

Guided Wave Based Fatigue Crack Detection and Localization in Aluminum AerospaceStructures

Kevin Hensberry, Narayan Kovvali, Kuang Liu, Aditi Chattopadhyay, and

—Antonia Papandreou-Suppappola

SMASIS2012-8242 917

Kernel Feature Space Based Low Velocity Impact Monitoring

Yingtao Liu, Masoud Yekani Fard, and Aditi Chattopadhyay

SMASIS2012-8255 92B

Influence of Sensor Statistics on Piezoelectric and Magneto-Elastic Damage Detection

David B. Conrad, Andrei Zagrai, and Daniel Meisner

Author Index 935

xv