Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

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Transcript of Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

Page 1: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

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NOVEMBER 2010 US$15

TACTICAL C4I

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NOVEMBER 2010VOLUME 18 / ISSUE 7

Contents

Front Cover Photo:The fifteenth of Nexter’s Aravis4x4 protected patrol vehiclewas delivered to launchcustomer France in April, in anorder designed to improveprotected mobility capabilitiesfor French troops deployed inAfghanistan. The vehicles,which have high levels ofballistic and mine protection willbe used by engineering teamsand troops supporting provincialreconstruction teams. © Nexter

Contents

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MRAP VehiclesChris F FossOne of the major growth areas inrecent years has been the design,development and production ofthe Mine Resistant AmbushProtected vehicle, developed inresponse to operations in Iraqwhere vehicles conceived forconventional operations struggledagainst the very diverse range ofthreats, especially mines andimprovised explosive devices

Naval Radar &Combat ManagementSystemsTom WithingtonWithout an advanced surveillanceradar, to provide a detailed picture ofa ship’s maritime battlespaceenvironment, modern warships arevirtually blind. Providing users withinformation about friendly andenemy combatants, and civilian shipsvia Combat Management Systemsprovides a decisive advantage

Asian BattlefieldC4I UpdateAdam BaddeleyWhether embedded in armoredfighting vehicles or integrated aspart of a soldier modernisationsystem, Battle ManagementSystems are the tip of the spearas far as C4I is concerned,helping commanders fighttheir units more effectively

Air to GroundPrecisionEngagementDoug RichardsonThe ‘smart’ bomb has changed thenature of close-support operationsover the battlefield. Instead ofreleasing large numbers ofmunitions in the hope of destroyinga tactical target, an aircraft canrelease a single weapon with a highprobability of obtaining a ‘kill’

“RED ALERT!”– China’s DefenceTransformationGordon ArthurArmoured vehicles and missilelaunchers, accompanied by astream of helicopters and fightersrolled along Beijing’s Chang’anAvenue on 1 October 2009. This60th anniversary parade pro-claimed China’s military creden-tials to the world

Advanced ISRTechnologyTom WithingtonKeeping a sharp eye on thebattlefield is vital for helping todispel the fog-of-war. Nations inthe Asia-Pacific have never hadso much choice in terms offorce protection assets toprovide them with an ever-moreaccurate picture of the tacticalsituation in their locale

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Gordon ArthurIn mid-August, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyonoannounced the defence budget would undergo a significant13 percent hike, represents a doubling in defencespending since 2005 and is welcomenews for the Indonesian National ArmedForces which have endured severe underfunding and neglect for years

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Indonesian Armed Forces:Continued Modernisation

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Editorialt is fair to say that Sri Lanka has been insomething of a dark place for some time andfor far too long. With the LTTE comprehen-sively defeated, the country’s strategichibernation is over and can once again look

outwards with numerous options for the future.

Hitherto, Sri Lanka national strategy was to win its civil war, its foreign pol-icy based around that aim: securing diplomatic and material support toprosecute the war and preventing the LTTE from obtaining similar. Littleelse really mattered.

Sri Lanka however has much to offer. It abuts key trade routes across theRed Sea and Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean with the South China Sea for oiland goods between East Asia and Europe and the Middle East, not to men-tion being just a short distance away from the massive emerging market ofIndia. That should surely warrant interest and it has, but the number ofpotential partners are nevertheless dwindling.

The manner in which the Sri Lanka government conducted its final cam-paign and the reports of how the defeated combatants and their sympa-thisers have been treated have prompted wagging fingers of criticism fromthe US, Europe and others whose demands for a ceasefire and negotiationwhich in hindsight could have robbed Colombo of their victory. They failedto understand Sri Lanka’s difficult reality

It seems clear that for these and other reasons that Sri Lanka will not lookto the West as a security partner although it began it move away in the lat-ter half of the last decade. Instead, it is flirting with a number of potentialpartners including India, Saudi Arabia, Iran and others and making morepermanent arrangements with others, joining the Shanghai Co-operationOrganisation in 2009 as a dialogue partner. The country’s new HambantotaPort was developed by China and the country’s companies are conductingoffshore oil exploration to the North East of Sri Lanka, are both significantindicators of a growing partnership.

All this may simplistically portray Sri Lanka as another Burma, friendlessand reliant on China to sustain it. That is not the case, there is no reasonwhy Sri Lanka cannot have good relationships with multiple partners andbenefit accordingly, but it will require compromise on all sides.

Adam Baddeley, Editor

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AADDVVAANNCCEEDDI S R T E C H N O L O G Y

Keeping a sharp eye on the battlefield is vitalfor helping to dispel the fog-of-war, both

literally and metaphorically. Fortunately fornations in the Asia-Pacific, and throughoutthe world, there has never before been somuch choice in terms of force protection

assets such as weapons- and vehicle-locatingradar available with which to provide themwith an ever-more detailed picture of the

tactical situation in their locale. At the sametime, such technology also enhances the

overall operational-level intelligence,surveillance and reconnaissance picture.

bbyy Tom Withington

Saab’s Giraffe air defence radar family has aweapons-locating variant in the form of theGiraffe AMB. This radar is able to detectairborne targets from between zero altitudeup to 6,096 m © Thomas Withington

Advanced ISR Technology: Next Generation

Solutionsenter the Battlefield

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EADS Defence Electronics hasdeveloped the Tactical RadarGround Surveillance (TGRS)product, which is known inGermany as BUR (Boden

Uberwachungsradar), which makes use ofActive Electronically Scanned Array (AESA)technology to allow the radar to watch anumber of areas simultaneously, rather thanhaving to rely on a mechanical ‘sweep’ from arotating beam. BUR has been developed toanswer a German Army requirement award-ed in 2006 for a system which can detectobjects moving on the ground and also verylow-flying threats such as Unmanned AerialVehicles (UAVs). The lack of a rotating anten-na also greatly improves the radar’s reliabili-ty in terms of maintenance. BUR has beendeveloped as a mobile system and, to thisend, is mounted on the chassis of a Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Dingo-2 armoured vehicle,allowing the radar to be operated from thesafe confines of its interior.The first two BUR ground surveillance

radar earmarked for the Heer (GermanArmy) were handed over to the FederalOffice of Defence Technology andProcurement for evaluation on 19th July 2009.A further 80 systems are expected to enterservice with the force from 2012. Other ordershave followed those of Germany. Lothar Betz,a spokesperson for EADS, said that; “a con-tract for more than 80 TRGSs has been award-

ed by a non-disclosed, non-European cus-tomer for integration in a huge border sur-veillance system.” It interesting to note that,in addition to the military TRGS radar, EADSDefence Electronics is also working on a civil-ian version which could be used for protec-tion of key civilian sites such as nuclearpower stations.In addition to TRGS, EADS Defence

Electronics is responsible, as part of the Euro-ART consortium including Thales andLockheed Martin, for the COBRA artillerylocation radar in service with the British andGerman armies, which have acquired sevenand twelve examples respectively, and theArmée de Terre (French Army) which has pur-chased ten. Lothar Betz notes that; “COBRA isthe first multifunctional counter-battery radarin the world with a fully active phased arrayantenna, enabling accurate multiple targetdetection within a short reaction time.” Theradar can detect shell, rocket and mortar fire,as well as indicating anticipated impact points.The British and French COBRAs have accumu-lated combat experience in Iraq and Lebanon,and the United Arab Emirates became themost recent customer for COBRA in February2009 when it ordered three systems. Mr. Betzadds that; “two of these have already beendelivered in July 2010 and have successfullypassed the site acceptance test.”As well as warning troops on the ground

as to the proximity of enemy artillery, this canalso provide friendly forces with the locationsof such weapons in order to perform counter-battery fire. The elements of the COBRA sys-

tem, which include the radar, processingarchitecture, and a command and control sys-tem, can be accommodated on a ten-tonnetruck. COBRA’s set up time is around tenminutes, and the system can be on the moveagain in a third of the time. Three personneloperate the device, which locates up to 40artillery positions at a time. In terms of per-formance, COBRA can anticipate CircularError Probable (CEP) statistics within 50mand detect guns firing at a distance of 40Km

from the radar. One of the key enabling tech-nologies of COBRA is the active phased arrayantenna design which allows the detection ofmultiple targets simultaneously; a vital capa-bility when artillery is being launched insalvoes at sustained rates of fire.Originally designed and manufactured by

Raytheon, and now the responsibility ofThalesRaytheonSystems, the AN/TPQ-37Firefinder has become one of the standardweapons-locating radar and is in use with theUS Army, along with several other forces.Like several of the radar surveyed in this arti-cle, Firefinder makes use of a phased array

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AADDVVAANNCCEEDD

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The British and FrenchCOBRAs have accumulatedcombat experience in Iraqand Lebanon, and the UnitedArab Emirates became themost recent customer forCOBRA in February 2009

The Euro-ART consortium produces the COBRA counter-battery radar. This product has been sold tothe German, French and British armies and has been used in Lebanon and Iraq to detect and locatemortar and artillery fire © EADS

Along with the AN/TPQ-36, the AN/TPQ-37Firefinder is also the responsibility ofThalesRaytheonSystems. This radar has a longerrange than its sibling, detecting hostile fire at arange of around 50 km (31 miles) © US Army

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removing the need for the antenna to bemechanically rotated. Using the S-band (2-4GHz), the AN/TPQ-37 can track around tenmunitions simultaneously and can keepwatch for missiles, rockets and artillery shellsat a maximum range of up to 50Km.

The AN/TPQ-37 is the sister product ofThalesRaytheonSystems’ (TRS) AN/TPQ-36Firefinder, which has been sold to the USArmy, US Marine Corps and also theAustralian Army. One of the key differencesbetween the two systems is that theAN/TPQ-36 has noticeably shorter rangescompared to the AN/TPQ-37, with the for-mer detecting rocket fire at a range of 24Km,with artillery being detected at around 18Km.

Saab, like TRS, shares the accolade of pro-ducing one of the best-selling artillery locat-ing radar. Although originally developed byEricsson Microwave Systems, the ArtilleryHunting Radar (ARTHUR) has been in Saab’sproduct catalogue since the latter wasabsorbed by the Swedish defence giant in2006. Sales to Canada, the Czech Republic,Greece, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom(where the product is known as the MobileArtillery Monitoring Battlefield Radar, or

MAMBA, for short) have been forthcoming.ARTHUR can detect hostile artillery fire to arange of around 40Km and is particularlyeffective against small targets. It can also pro-vide personnel with probable positionsregarding the origins of the shot for counter-battery fire, as well as likely points of impact.Crucially, ARTHUR can provide targetsearches while continuing to track incomingmunitions. The entire system is air-portableand can be carried on a BAESystems/Hägglunds Bv-206 tracked vehicle.A version of ARTHUR, which is accommo-

dated in a standard ISO six-metre container,is also available.

Along with ARTHUR, Saab’s Giraffe airdefence radar family has a residual artillerylocation function which is enshrined in theGiraffe AMB version. The three-dimensionalGiraffe AMB G-band 5-6GHz radar, whichhas a range of up to 100Km can detect targetsfrom ground level up to 6,096m. This givesthe radar a particularly impressive capabilityfor detecting artillery fire, along with smalltargets such as helicopters and UAVs.

Like the COBRA, Elta Systems’ EL/M-2084 Multi-Mission Radar uses phased-arraytechnology for artillery location, and hasearned its spurs in combat during IsraeliDefence Force operations in the Gaza Strip.The design of the EL/M-2084 makes it highlyresilient to jamming and high-clutter environ-ments, enabling it to provide ground forceswith information regarding incoming muni-tions, alongwithmissiles and small, low radarcross section targets like UAVs. The EL/M-

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Raytheon’s Ground Based Operational Surveillance System is in service with both the United StatesMarine Corps and the US Army. Supplies of the equipment commenced in April 2008 to theUS Marine Corps © US DoD

The AN/TPQ-37 can trackaround ten munitionssimultaneously and cankeep watch for missiles,rockets and artillery shellsat a maximum range ofup to 50Km

AADDVVAANNCCEEDDI S R T E C H N O L O G Y

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Page 10: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

2084 can anticipate impact points and there-fore predict likely gun and missile launcheremplacements. The EL/M-2084 offers a CEPof around 125m and can detect hostile artilleryat a range of around 50km. In June 2009, EltaSystems was awarded a contract worth “hun-dreds of millions of dollars” to supply 34EL/M-2084 radar units. In total, Elta producesthree different variants of the radar, withantennae that range in size. This is achievedby altering the number of radar transmit-receive modules located in each antenna.Phased array radar technology has

prompted a minor revolution in battlefieldintelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance.US defence contractor Raytheon has embracedthis technology to develop its Multi-FunctionRadio Frequency System (MFRFS) which isdesigned to detect and track targets ranging insize from Rocket Propelled Grenades toground vehicles. The MFRFS has been inte-grated with the US Army’s Raytheon QuickKill active protection system. Quick Kill usesthe radar to detect incoming RPGs and anti-tank weapons which are then neutralised fol-lowing the launch of a projectile.Away from the world of radar, Raytheon

has developed the Ground Based OperationalSurveillance System (GBOSS). GBOSS is essen-

tially a suite of sensors, including primary andsecondary infra-red cameras and a groundradar controlled from a single point. In April2008, the United States Marine Corpsawarded Raytheon a contract worth $60million to purchase GBOSS products.GBOSS was procured to support the RapidAerostat Initial Deployment programmewhich uses sensors mounted on anaerostat to provide an over-watch of

forward operating bases in Iraq andAfghanistan. The sensor packages on theseaerostats generally include cameras, radar;plus visual and acoustic gunshot detectors.One of the attractions of using a tower-based,as opposed to an aerostat-based, platform is

that the logistics burden associated withthe latter is markedly reduced.

In addition to GBOSS, Raytheonis responsible for the Long RangeAdvanced Scout Surveillance

System, also known as the LRAS3.LRAS3 combines electro-optical equip-

ment including forward-looking infra-red equipment and television camera, witha global positioning system, eye-safe laserrangefinder and interferometer. The entirepackage can be carried on a tracked orwheeled vehicle, or alternatively positionedon a tripod for dismounted use. LRAS3affords the user a versatile, mobile recon-naissance asset which can detect targets at a

range of ten kilometres, with the laserrangefinder being capable of meas-uring distances with an accuracyof five metres. The LRAS3 hasbeen procured by the UnitedStates Army and Marine Corps asa replacement for the legacyRaytheon/Kollsman AN/TAS-6long-range night observation

device used to perform reconnais-sance in conditions of thick fog, smoke

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The US Army has been using the Rapid Aerostat Initial Deployment (RAID) initiative to provide awatch over its forward operating bases. RAID uses a number an aerostat which carries a number ofsensor to watch the surrounding area © US Army

Designed by EADS to perform the detectionof vehicles and very low-flying objects, theTactical Radar Ground Surveillance productis equipping the German Army which ispurchasing 80 systems. A similar numberof TRGSs are also being exported to anundisclosed country © EADS

AADDVVAANNCCEEDDI S R T E C H N O L O G Y

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I S R T E C H N O L O G Y

AADDVVAANNCCEEDD

and during the night.Raytheon revealed in July this year that it

had succeeded in linking the LRAS3 with thecompany’s Boomerang acoustic sensor.Boomerang has been developed using pas-sive acoustic detection technology which per-forms signal processing to position the originof a gunshot; a particularly important capa-bility when combating sniper fire. The devicecan be either fitted to a vehicle or used by dis-mounted troops. Incoming fire is displayed tothe user by means of a clock face indicting thedirection of origin of the shot, with a record-ed voice also announcing the direction of thebullet. A wearable version of Boomerang,known as Boomerang Warrior-X, has beendeveloped by Raytheon to provide troopswith indications of hostile fire when theyare on foot patrol. To date, around 5,000Boomerang devices have been deliveredalong with over 2,600 LRAS3s.

Counter-battery radar technology isalso available from India in the form of theBharat Electronics Limited (BEL) WeaponLocating Radar (WLR), which has beendeveloped with inputs from that country’sDefence Research and DevelopmentOrganisation, and the LRDE Electronicsand Radar Development Establishment.The development of the WLR was oneresult of the Kargil War between India andPakistan in the disputed region ofKashmir in 1999, which saw India sustain-ing over 80 percent of its casualties fromartillery fire. The WLR is designed around

a phased-array which used the Rajendraradar developed for the BEL/DRDO Akashsurface-to-air missile. The WLR’s perform-ance is sufficient for detection artilleryrounds at up to 30Km, with detection ofrockets at 40Km and the possibility to trackaround seven targets simultaneously.Designed to operate in harsh environments,the WLR can function at altitudes of up to

4,900m with the entire system mounted on aTatra eight-wheel drive truck.

Never before have force protection assetssuch as those discussed above been in suchhigh demand. This is driven by the reality ofthe disappearance of the linear battlefield asfar as counter-insurgency campaigns areconcerned. Rear supply depots and forwardoperating bases are susceptible from attackby rocket or mortar fire and the means tolocate the incoming fire, pinpoint its originand mount a retaliatory strike goes a longway towards saving lives and ensuring thatthe commanders on the ground have themost comprehensive view of the battlefieldas possible.

The US Army’s AN/ TPQ-36 Firefinderweapons-locating radar is part of theThalesRaytheonSystems product portfolio. Theradar has a maximum range of 24 km (15miles) when detecting rocket fire and a rangeof 18 km (eleven miles) for artillery © US Army

The EL/M-2084 offers a CEPof around 125m and candetect hostile artillery at arange of around 50km

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Page 12: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

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Page 13: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

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Page 14: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

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BB AA TT TT LL EEMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Asian BattlefieldC4I Update:

Command Evolution

Command Whether embedded in armoured fighting

vehicles or integrated as part of a soldiermodernisation system, Battle Management

Systems (BMS) are the tip of the spear as faras C4I is concerned, helping commanders

fight their units, toe to toe with the enemy.The benefits of such systems are self evident;

enabling increased combat effectivenesstogether with reduced likelihood of fratricide.

Now, systems developed and refined over time,often as a result of combat lessons learned

throughout the world are now being fielded andassessed throughout the Asia-Pacific.

bbyy Adam Baddeley

The basis for all Saab’s C2 products is the SAFIR-SDKarchitecture and open source developer kit which canbe downloaded, and is used as the basis on whichcustomer specific applications can be built © Saab

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ELBIT SYSTEMS has a consider-able presence in India andamongst other countries in theAsia Pacific. Earlier this year,Elbit were awarded the contract

to supply their BMS system to meetAustralia’s Land 75 Phase 3.4 BMS due tofield to the first combat team in July 2011 andLand 125 Phase 3A Battle Group and BelowCommand, Control and Communicationsprogramme tasked with providing 1,501 dis-mounted soldier systems and 164 dismount-ed command posts which will, equip AFVsand dismounted troops.In Israel, Elbit are the prime contract for

the Israel Defence Force’s (IDF) Digital Army

Programme (DAP) which provides C4I to allaspects of manoeuvre forces from future sol-diers and armoured forces to army aviation,with links to other arms. In June, the IDFcompleted a major exercise in the North ofthe country, using all aspects of the DAParchitecture including the Dominator based

future soldier system which began deliveryin early 2009.Raytheon, working with Indian firm

Precision Engineering Ltd has demonstrateda 2 Mbps tactical network to the Indian mili-tary earlier this year in support of the coun-try’s Battlefield Surveillance System andBMS programmes, using its EPLRS-XF-Ibased radio family. Raytheon has a numberof scalable C2 products such as its TacticalSmall Unit Situational Awareness system,which runs on Google Android operatingsystems and Google’s mapping software,both open source solutions.Raytheon have recently delivered their

MX4000 airborne radios to support the

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Nexter is anticipating a contractto supply its FINDERS BMS toIndonesia’s land forces fortactical level vehicle and HQusage later this year © Nexter

Israeli firm’s Kearfott’sInstant Network –CentricSystem is a low cost,rapidly installed solutionwhich it is offering in Indiaand other countries

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

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DRDO’s work on India’s Indigenous AEWprogramme. As part of the EPLRS family,Raytheon offer an airborne extension ofEPLRS, envisaging a scenario in which armyaviation and air force assets could eachreceive and contribute to the same groundforces common operational picture.Raytheon recently launched its new EMARSsystems which provides a turnkey ad hocnetworking systems based on the EPLRS-XF-I and MicroLight.

Another Off The Shelf solution is Israelifirm Kearfott’s Instant Network–CentricSystem, a low cost, rapidly installed solution

which it is offering in India and other coun-tries. This consist of a ruggedised TacticalComputer designed to accept any third partyC2 software andMobilcom’s 1.7KgMCU-100,a 4G LTE 2.5GHz broadband wireless solu-tion capable of up to 40Mbps, which can berapidly attached or any vehicle. The compa-ny’s TactiX systems extended the network toairborne platforms operating at speeds of upto 800Kmph. The firm is also seeking todemonstrate a fire control system in Thailand.

Extending the BMS network to the Air isalso undertaken by EADS Helitacs System.

In Spain’s Comfut soldier modernisation,

led by EADS as prime contractors; it hasworked with local BMS supplier GMVwhosesoftware is hosted in Cobham’s rugged IDSScomputing for the future soldier.

Danish firm Terma’s T-Core software pro-vides a core C2 solution that can be adaptedfor land sea and air applications, designatedby the ‘FLEX’ suffix. For Denmark’s deploy-ment in Afghanistan it has equipped itsarmoured and tactical vehicles with the DK-BMS system which is a combination ofSystematic’s SITAWARE MIP software andBMS-FLEX. The system underwent its finalacceptance test in May. In India, Terma iscurrently in negotiations to determine a localpartner and is active elsewhere in the region.

Another Danish firm is Systematic whoare pursuing a number of opportunities theAsia Pacific. Their activities include thedemonstration of the company’s SitaWaresoftware in Malaysia and Thailand, develop-ing a Thai language solution working withlocal contractor Yipinsoi. The core to the sys-tems is the SitaWare suite of software prod-ucts designed cost-effective off-the-shelf C2based on an open architecture which allowthird party application development such asenhancement by local contractors. Slovenia isone of a number of NATO and other coun-tries using its software, in its case the compa-ny’s Track Server software real-timeoverviews of what’s happening in large-scaleoperational scenarios. Systematic has extend-ed its scope to provide a SitaWare situationalawareness system for boarding parties.

Cobham Defence Communications BMSsoftware has a similar implementation themarine Interdiction Operations System(MIOS) developed as an extension to theIntegrated Digital Soldier System (IDSS).

Northrop Grumman’s iBMS solution isscalable from division down to the soldierlevel. iBMS is a development of the C2PCsoftware with the introduction of a NetworkService Gateway. C2PC is widely used acrossthe world amongst diverse users including asa C2 enabler for many NATO special forces,Taiwan’s Po Sheng C4ISR network as well aspart of Australia’s coastal surveillance infra-structure. Taiwan is currently planning anextension of the Po Sheng network to extendconnectivity and C2 function to tactical eche-lons of command although just how far thatwill go is an area for discussion and is expect-ed to be resolved this year with procurementto kick off in 2011.

Northrop Grumman has also developedSoldierLink an extension of the system down

l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l14

Earlier this year, Elbit were awarded the contract to supply their BMS system to meet Australia’sLand 75 Phase 3.4 BMS and Land 125 Phase 3A Battle Group and Below Command, Control andCommunications programme © Elbit Systems

BB AA TT TT LL EEMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Page 17: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

to the individual level. The company hasundertaken demonstration and briefing it tothe Indian military over the past three yearsand received a RFI to meet the F-INSAS pro-gramme shortly after DEFEXPO.

General Dynamics UK has led the UK’sBowman programme which integrated HF,VHF and UHF radios with a battle manage-ment system. The company has integratedsimilar systems for Romania and is in theprocess of supplying the ITAR free $75mLTCIS Brigade sized C4I solution for Libya.General Dynamics has recently set up anIndian subsidiary and General Dynamics C4Systems has set up two plants near Delhiwhich are integrated into their overall capa-bility offering.

GD C4S recently added the DARPA fund-ed Tactical Ground Reporting (TIGR) soft-ware system to its C2 offerings. A patrol leveland above system, it allows low level users toshare and access intelligence databases oftext and multimedia files. The companyrecent began a four year contract withDARPA to develop an enhanced version ofTIGR known as the Advanced TacticalInformation System.

Rohde and Schwarz has a significant worldwide presence, principally with its M3TR fam-ily of tactical radios with variants of the fami-

ly designed to equip naval vessels and air-craft, a R&S radios for example are standardon all Airbus A400M transport aircraft.

For situational awareness, the companyuse TacMan, a licensed version of ESG’sTaranis Light C4I software. Customersinclude a European Special Forces used toshare data within a convoy.

Thales have a number of C4I partners andjoint ventures in Asia, notably with Sapura inMalaysia with the domestic company andSamsung in South Korea and has recentlysupplied a vehicle based C4I systems to acustomer in Asia and a urgent operationalrequirement. In India, its partner is Rolta. AtDEFEXPO 2010 several key Thales C4I offer-ings on show at Rolta’s stand included such

as the FlexNet Software Defined Radio,St@rmille soldier radio and BattlegroupComm@nder integrated vehicle based C4Isystem. In additional to specific nationalpartners the company is establishing strate-gic partners with key supplier one of the firstbeing Barco, the worlds biggest military dis-play supplier.

Saab is co-operating with Mahindra in theareas of C4I and has been demonstratingcapabilities to the Indian military. The basisfor all Saab’s C2 product is the SAFIR-SDKarchitecture and open source developer kitwhich can be downloaded, and is used as thebasis on which customers’ specific applica-tions can be built. The architecture is alreadyin service as part of Sweden’s SLB battlemanagement system. As part of the technolo-gy transfer package with Mahindra, Saab hastaken numbers of Indian engineers toSweden to train them.

At the Eurosatory Defence Show in June,Harris announced their Falcon Fighter soldiersystem, a complete modular soldier systembuilt around the Secure Personal Radio withworn computing and displays and whichuses the company’s new Falcon CommandC2 software scalable from brigade down tothe individual soldier. The Falcon Fighter’sfirst customer is an Asian special-forces unit

Taiwan is currently planningan extension of thePo Sheng network toextend connectivity and C2function to tacticalechelons of command

General Dynamics have a long history ofdeveloping BMS solutions such as Canada’sAthene programme © General Dynamics C4S

15l NOVEMBER 2010 l

BB AA TT TT LL EEMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Page 18: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

which will receive the system in March.ITT’s focus in recent years has been the

transport layer for BMS such as its SpearNetTeam Member Radio which supports realtime ad hoc links of up to 6km although itcontinues to develop its capabilities in thisare through the SINCGARS Tactical battle-field Management System which integratescapabilities of the radio in an environmenttailored to a number of languages.

Many of the Spanish military’s battlefieldC2 solutions such as SIMACET and LINCEare provided by Amper Programmas.For export, a complete C4I suite has beendeveloped for Corps to platoon use withthe ne.on C4I suite, with the companynegotiating with a number of potentialpartners in India and other in otherAsian militaries. Amper’s ne.on system’scapabilities can be built up in a modularfashion with the company seeing theBlue Force Tracking focusing on situa-tional awareness and combat ID versionas being a key offering in Asia. The ne.onBFT solution integrates a base SituationalAwareness solution and integratedNATO standards on battlefield ID andIFF and in addition to operating over

CNRs can also integrate feeds from GPRS cellphones, satcom and Tetra and Tetrapol solu-tion. The next step up is ne.on BMS and C4Idesigned to provide incrementally moreadvanced functionality to support including asynchronised Common Operational Pictureand collaborative working. A further version,NeMesis has been developed for the home-land security and is used in the border surveil-lance role in Kuwait.

Nexter has been demonstrating its FIND-ERS BMS to Indonesia’s land forces for twoyears and is anticipating a contract to supplythe system for tactical level vehicle and HQusage later this year. A recent addition to thecompany’s product line is its FINDERS C2BFT solution which provides for the low costinstallation of a satellite beacon with geo-location information compliant with theNATO Friendly Forces Information standardback to a central FINDERS C2 terminal. Thesystem was successfully tested by the FrenchArmy during the operation Licorne peace-keeping mission in the Ivory Coast in 2009. InThailand, Nexter is offering to integrate FireControl and other required C2 solutions to itsCAESAR wheeled artillery system.

Another French company active in theregion is Sagem who provided the tactical C2systems on Board Malaysia PT-91 MBT fleet

and engineering vehicles. Sagem also pro-vides elements of France SIT BMS networkalong with Nexter, including the SITEL sys-tems equipping the FELIN soldier systems.The SIT family provides the brigade andbelow solution while the EADS SICF solutionprovides the brigade and above. France nowbelieves that the separation of systems at thislevel is inefficient and is instituting a singlescalable system known as SICS. As part of thecountry’s Scorpion programme it is com-pletely revamping and integrating the battle-

group’s equipment including legacyvehicle and C2 elements although theoverall systems architect has yet to beannounced.

Rheinmetall have a growing BMSpresence with Hungary the latest in alist of countries which includesSweden and Greece to adopt itsIniochos BMS. Rheinmetall Defence iscurrently developing the IdZ-ESfuture soldier system and as part ofthat work for the German military it isintegrating the Bundeswehr’s newBattle Management System,FührungsInformations-System desHeeres.

16 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

Thales have a number of C4Ipartners and joint venturesin Asia, notably withSapura in Malaysia withthe domestic company andSamsung in South Korea

Cobham’s C2 software is designedto be scalable across multipletactical echelons © CobhamDefence Communications

With BMS, seeing is believing © AJB

BB AA TT TT LL EEMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Page 19: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

Thales gives you full control and maximum efficiency at every stage of the information chain.

With inputs from a growing number of sensors such as UAV, cameras,satellites and radar, battlespace command needs comprehensive ways tostreamline information flow and optimize response. Thales provides theintelligent systems, innovative solutions and reliable services you need tosupport civil and military forces, from start to finish. www.thalesgroup.com

Intelligent Battlespace SystemsSTART WITH THALES

27249_Thales_AsianMiliRev_Battlespace_286x213_v1_battlespace 22/10/2010 09:35 Page 1

Page 20: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

Targets

18 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

PPRREECCIISSIIOONN S T R I K E

The Turkish company Roketsan is one of severaloffering laser-guided 70 mm rockets as a relatively lowcost way of engaging ground targets that do not merit the use ofan expensive guided missile. Roketsan says that its CIRIT design is theonly weapon of this type that is of all-new construction; the other companies areoffering upgrade schemes for existing unguided rockets © Doug Richardson

Air to Ground Precision Engagement:

Peer Competitor Asymmetric to

The modern air-to-surface missile (ASM) and ‘smart’ bombhave changed the nature of close-support operations over

the battlefield. Instead of releasing large numbers ofmunitions in the hope of destroying a tactical target,

an aircraft can release a single weapon witha high probability of obtaining a ‘kill’.

bbyy Doug Richardson

Page 21: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

WHEN WE reported on theuse of anti-ship missilesin the region, we wereable to describe how thisclass of weapon had been

widely adopted, but the situation regardingair-to-surface tactical missiles (ASMs) and

guided bombs is less encour-aging. Air arms that rely

on older types offighter often haveonly ‘dumb’bombs andunguided rockets

available for air-to-surface use.

This article will focus on weaponsdesigned to engage battlefield targets byhoming under imaging electro-optical, semi-active laser or combinations of inertial andGPS guidance.First-generation Western ASMs such as

the Martin Marietta/Maxson Bullpup and

the Aerospatiale AS.30 were simple com-mand-guided weapons that had to be steeredtowards the target throughout their flight,and were largely ignored by operators in theregion. However, the Russian equivalent, theKh-23 (AS-7 ‘Kerry’) was adopted by severaloperators, with users reported to includeCambodia, India, North Korea, and Vietnam.Any remaining in service today are likely tohave been relegated to the training role.If Cambodian examples are no longer in

nominal service on the small MiG-21 force,that country will have joined Bangladesh,Myanmar, Laos and Sri Lanka in having no

ASMs or guided bombs in service. In allcases, these countries have small air forcesthat operate a small number of relatively oldcombat aircraft.The seeker-guided AGM-65 Maverick

proved more attractive, and is still in servicewith seven countries in the region. ForIndonesia and the Philippines, it remainstheir only ASM. However, Indonesia’s smallfleet of F-16A/B Fighting Falcon and F-5ETiger II could be compatible with otherweapons, should a requirement and fund-ing emerge.Four countries – India, South Korea,

Pakistan, and Singapore – operate severaltypes of latest-generation ASM, often supple-mented by older-generation weapons.India is thought to be a user of the semi-

active laser (SAL) guided Aerospatiale (nowMBDA) AS.30L. Officially, the latter has beensold to only three export users since itentered service in the late 1980s, but pressreports have cited eight export users, one of

19

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PPRREECCIISSIIOONN

l NOVEMBER 2010 l

Four countries – India,South Korea, Pakistan, andSingapore – operate severaltypes of latest-generationASM, often supplemented byolder-generation weapons

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems’Popeye is available in a full-sizedPopeye 1 version or in this smallerHave Lite form suitable for usefrom the F-16 © Rafael AdvancedDefense Systems

Page 22: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

which is thought to be India.Many of India’s current ASMs are of

Russian origin. Once a Kh-23 operator, it nowuses the Zvezda-Strela (now the TacticalMissiles Corporation) GPS/INS-guided Kh-25MSE (AS-10 ‘Karen’), and the TV-guidedVympel (now the Tactical MissilesCorporation) Kh-29TE (AS-14 'Kedge').India is understood to have ordered 30

Popeye television (TV) or imagining infrared(IIR) air-to-surface missiles from Rafael (nowRafael Advanced Defense Systems) in 2001.These are thought to arm the Mirage 2000H.In May 2005 that the Indian Air Force was

reported to be conducting trials with aPopeye variant designated Crystal Maze.This could be a derivative of the Popeye 2(Have Lite), a lighter-weight version of theoriginal weapon, perhaps scaled down to suit

the Mirage 2000H. It can deliver an 80 kgwarhead over a reported range of 80-100 km.Deliveries are thought to have started in 2006following a series of three trials, the first twoof which are reported to have failed.India is a large-scale user of guided

bombs, and at least seven types are thoughtto be in service, one in indigenous develop-ment, and negotiations for a further threetypes are reported to be under way.The Indian Air Force (IAF) has been a

Paveway II operator since the 1990s, andused these laser-guided bombs (LGBs) oper-ationally from Jaguar and Mirage 2000Hfighters during the Kargil con-frontation of

1998. MBDA’s BGL 1000 is reported to beoperational on the Mirage 2000H.In February 2003 Griffin LGBs were exhib-

ited by the IAF. This was a new variant basedon Indian-manufactured examples of theBritish 1,000 lb bomb.India is also believed to be one of the three

unidentified export customers for RafaelSPICE extended-range INS and electro-opti-cally (EO) guided bomb. It is also reported tobe a customer for Elbit’s Opher IR-guidedmunition and Lizard LGB, but this has neverbeen confirmed.According to GNPP Region, the EO-guid-

ed KAB-1500Kr bomb has been supplied toIndia to equip the IAF’s Su-30MK 'Flanker’

fighters. India is also seen as a possiblecustomer for the smaller FAB-500Kr TV-guided bomb. Bazalt

is reported to be offering its MPKinertial guidance kit for 500 kg FAB-500

general purpose bombs.In 2008 India submitted a request to

the US Government for the supply of 510CBU-105 Wind Corrected Munitions

20 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

When Pakistan displayedtwo JF-17 Thunder fightersat the 2010 FarnboroughInternational Air Show, oneof the weapons displayednearby was China’s LOEC LS-6 winged INS/satnav-bomb

PPRREECCIISSIIOONN S T R I K E

More than 30 years after first entering service,Raytheon’s AGM-65 Maverick is still beingfielded in improved forms © Raytheon

Singapore and India are reported to be users ofRafael Advanced Defense Systems’ SPICEextended-range INS and electro-optically (EO)guided bomb © Doug Richardson

Page 23: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

Meeting every requirementLock on to MBDA solutions

www.mbda-systems.com

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BASED AIR DEFENCE BATTLEFIELD EN

GAG

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SUPERIORITY A I R D OM

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C3_MULTI.CAP_V2_213x286_AMR_uk 14/10/10 15:05 Page 1

Page 24: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

22 ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW

Dispensers (WCMDs), but an order has notyet been placed.Negotiations are thought to be under way

between SAGEM and India for the supply ofAASM ‘smart’ bombs to arm the IAF’sSukhoi Su-30MKIs, Mirage 2000Hs, upgrad-ed Jaguar IS/Ibs, and the planned IndianNavy MiG-29Ks.During the 2009 Aero India show, MBDA

released information on a new 1,000 kg classpenetrating warhead for the ASSM.Designated CMP 1000 (Charge Militare dePénétration), this is thought to have beendeveloped to meet an IAF requirement for aweapon able to destroy hardened targets.With such an extensive range of guided

bombs in service or planned, it is surprisingto see that India has embarked on what isapparently an indigenous weapon, althoughforeign participation cannot be ruled out. TheER-PGM (Enhanced Range Precision-GuidedWeapon) is being developed by India’sArmament Research and DevelopmentEstablishment (ARDE) to meet an IAFrequirement.ER-PGM seems to be a range-extension

and guidance kit that can be fitted to existing500 lb and 1,000 lb class general-purposebombs, using pop-out wings to give a rangeof up to 60 nm. One novel reported feature isthat the weapon will jettisoned in wing kitafter reaching the target area. Guidance

options are reported to include GPS/INS anda terminal laser seeker.Pakistan uses the AGM-65 Maverick and

like India is reported to have the AS.30L.However most of its air-to-surface precision-attack capability is provided by guided bombs.The Raytheon Paveway II is in service in

its GBU-10 and GBU-12 forms. In 2006,1,600 EGBU-12 and EGBU-24 EnhancedPaveway bombs were ordered to arm the F-16 fleet, along with 500 Boeing GBU-31 and

–38 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)GPS/INS bomb kits.Pakistan is thought to be the unidentified

export customer that Denel announced for itsTV-guided Raptor systems. In December2003, the Pakistan press reported that testlaunches of a 120 km range stand-off weapondesignated H-4 had been conducted. Thismatched the range of the Raptor II, while a60Km range H-2 weapon also described inPakistani press reports could be the Raptor I.When Pakistan displayed two JF-17

Thunder fighters at the 2010 FarnboroughInternational Air Show, one of the weaponsdisplayed nearby was China’s LOEC LS-6winged INS/satnav-bomb. This ties in withPakistani press reports in 2006 that thePAF had tested an unidentified type ofstand-off weapon.It is possible that Pakistan is a user of the

Ordtech Military Industries Seirina INS/GPSguided bomb, a Greek weapon available inSGM 500 (Mk 83 warhead) and SGM 1000(Mk 84) forms. The manufacturer has statedthat the weapon is compatible with the F-16,Mirage III/5, and A-5 'Fantan', all of whichare in PAF service.The Lockheed Martin LongShot guided

The manually-guided Kh-23 ‘Kerry’ no longermeets modern requirements. Like this sectionedexample from a museum exhibit, most havebeen retired © Wikipedia Commons: Le Deluge

More than 30 years after first entering service,Raytheon’s AGM-65 Maverick is still beingfielded in improved forms © Raytheon

PPRREECCIISSIIOONN S T R I K E

Page 25: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

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Page 26: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

bomb seems to have attracted significantinterest from Pakistan, which is one of the15 countries with which the US company ishaving what it has described as, "discus-sions on LongShot procurement".For a long time the AGM-65G Maverick

was the only guided air-to-surface weapon inSingapore’s inventory, but the last decadehas seen large orders being placed for ASMsand guided bombs.In August 2005 Singapore requested

Raytheon AGM-154A-1 and -154C JointStand-Off Weapon (JSOW) glide bombs aspart of a weapons package to arm its Boeing F-15SG strike fighters. Subsequently this pro-curement seems to have been placed on backburner, but was revived in July 2008 by arenewed request for 30 AGM-154A-1 and 30AGM-154C.A batch of 50 GBU-38 versions of JDAM

was requested in July 2009, followed fourmonths later by a request for 670 GBU-38s.Singapore is also understood to be one on thetwo unidentified countries which signedForeign Military sales with the US govern-ment for the GBU-54 Laser Joint Direct AttackMunition (LJDAM) variant.Singapore is also believed to be one of the

three unidentified export customers reportedin 2006 for the Rafael SPICE. Deliveries wereexpected to begin later that year, but havenever been confirmed.In 2005 Ukraine's Luch design bureau

was reported to be engaged in a joint projectwith Singapore to develop a 70-mm (2.75 in)

guided rocket based on tech-nology from the company’s

AR-8L laser-guided ver-

sion of the Soviet-era S-8 80 mm unguidedrocket. At the time, Luchs claimed thatdevelopment would be completed in 2006,but nothing has been heard of the projectsince its original announcement.South Korea is a Maverick user, and in

September 2009 Raytheon announced that ithad been contracted by the USAF to supplyAGM-65D and AGM-65G2 Mavericks undera Foreign Military sales deal.Although an FMS contract covering the

supply 116 Boeing AGM-130 and a similarnumber of Lockheed Martin AGM-142(Popeye) missiles to South Korea wasannounced in 1996, this programme mayhave been scaled down. An FMS contractannounced in 2001 covered only 42 missiles

of each type.In 2007 the US and

South Korea signed aMemorandum of

Understanding (MoU) to co-operate on thedevelopment of the LOGIR (Low-costGuided Imaging Rocket), an infrared-guidedversion of the standard Hydra 70 rocket. Thecurrent status of this programme is unclear.US work now seems to be focussed on theLCITS (Low Cost Imaging Terminal Seeker)programme for a weapon similar in conceptto LOGIR, but with the addition of a datalink.In February 2006 an F-15K of the Republic

of Korea Air Force conducted drop trials ofthe GBU-38 version of JDAM at Eglin AFB.Florida. According to the South Koreanpress, the ROKAF's upgraded Block 52 F-16C/Ds are equipped with GBU-31, GBU-32and GBU-38 variants of JDAM. Under anagreement signed in February 2009, TimesAerospace Korea (TAK) is to become the pri-mary supplier for JDAM-ER wing assem-blies. South Korea also has the Paveway IIand III LGBs.Six further nations in the region are not

major users of ASMs or guided bombs,but rely on a relatively small number ofweapon types.Although Taiwan has developed indige-

nous anti-ship and anti-radiation missiles,the only guided weapons available for useagainst battlefield targets seem to be theAGM-65 Maverick and the Paveway II LGB.AGM-65D and AGM-65G2 versions ofMaverick were covered by a 2009 Foreign

24 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

PPRREECCIISSIIOONN S T R I K E

China’s LOEC LS-6 winged INS/satnav-bombwas displayed alongside two JF-17 Thunderfighters at the 2010 Farnborough InternationalAir Show © Doug Richardson

The US DoD recently selected Raytheon’s GBU-53/B to meet its SmallDiameter Bomb II requirement for a weapon able to engage moving targets inall weathers. The weapon’s tri-mode seeker (millimetre-wave, imaging infrared, andsemi-active laser) and projected affordability is likely to make it the weapon of choice for manyexport users, but the US is unlikely to clear such a sophisticated weapon for export until productionin under way © Raytheon

Page 27: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

Military sales deal.Japan developed its GCS-1 LGB kit for

use on 500 lb Mk 82 and 750 lb Mk 117bombs. This arms the Mitsubishi F-1 and F-2fighter force, and serves alongside thePaveway II.

Thailand has only a small air force, but isknown to operate the AGM-65 Maverick andthe Paveway II LGB. It has held discussionswith Lockheed Martin on possible procure-ment of the LongShot.

Vietnam has probably retired its Kh-23(AS-7 'Kerry') command-guided missiles, butstill uses the Kh-25 series, which is availablein command, SAL, TV, and active-radarguided variants.

The country operates the single-seat Su-

22M4 and two-seat Su-22UM3K 'Fitters' andupgraded these starting in 2004, and is a cus-tomer for the Su-30MK ‘Flanker’ strike fight-er. The Kh-29 (AS-14 'Kedge') would be asuitable future weapon for the upgraded‘Fitters’, while the KAB-500S-E could be anattractive option for the ‘Flankers’.

Malaysia uses the AGM-65 Maverick, andprocured the AS-14 'Kedge' (a weaponoffered in TV, and SAL forms). The RegionKAB-500S-E satnav-guided bomb could bean attractive future armament option forthese aircraft.

North Korea has an air force made up ofageing Russian and Chinese aircraft. It hasprobably retired its Kh-23 AS-7 'Kerry' mis-siles, but still has the AS-10 'Karen' and AS-11'Kilter'. Procurement of future ASMs and‘smart’ bombs will probably require theacquisition of more modern fighters.

Singapore selected the Raytheon AGM-158Joint Stand Off Weapon) as the long-range air-to-surface weapon for its Boeing F-15SG strikefighters © Raytheon

S T R I K E

PPRREECCIISSIIOONN

Singapore is also believedto be one of the threeunidentified exportcustomers reported in 2006for the Rafael SPICE

agustawestland.com

Page 28: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

MRAP vehicles were original-ly developed in response tooperations in Iraq wherevehicles conceived formanoeuvre type, conven-

tional military operations had inadequateprotection against the very diverse range ofthreats, especially mines and improvisedexplosive devices (IED).The name MRAP is however a strictly US

term as other countries call these mine pro-tected vehicles (MPV) or protected patrolvehicles (PPV). These are by no means anew class of vehicle as South Africa and thenow Zimbabwe developed MPVs to counterthe anti-tank mine threat in Africa over 30years ago.MRAP type vehicles provide their crews

with high levels of protection against smallarms fire, shell fragments, anti-tank minesand IEDs. They are normally armed withmachine guns (MG) or automatic grenadelaunchers (AGL). Many MRAP type vehiclesdeployed on operations in Iraq andAfghanistan are fitted with an air condition-ing system, remote controlled weapon sta-tion (RCWS), cameras for enhanced situa-tional awareness and a suite of electronicdevices to counter IEDs.

Three customers forAustralian BushmasterThe Thales Australia Bushmaster ProtectedMobility Vehicle (PMV) was originally devel-oped to meet the requirements of theAustralian Army who have now ordered atotal of 737 units with final deliveries undercurrent contracts expected in 2011. While

Thales Australia calls the Bushmaster a PMV,the Australian Army calls this vehicle anInfantry Mobility Vehicle.Bushmaster has seen extensive operational

use in Afghanistan, East Timor and Iraq andprovides its occupants with a very high levelof protection from small arms fire, shell splin-ters, mine blasts and IEDs.The baseline

Bushmaster PMV has acrew of two and carries upto eight dismounts on indi-vidual seats with a full har-ness. Gross vehicle weight(GVW) is 15 tonnes and maxi-mum range is up to 1,000 km.A RCWS is normally

mounted on the roof towards thefront of the vehicle. The AustralianDefence Force currently mounts a7.62 mmMG but the RCWS is capa-ble of mounting a .50 MG or a 40mm AGL. The vehicle also has a5.56 mm or 7.62 mm MG on apintle mount towards the rear.Australian Army currently

deploys six versions of theBushmaster PMV, troop carri-er, ambulance, assault pio-neer, command, direct fireand 81 mm mortar.A split air conditioning sys-

PPRROOTTEECCTTEEDD M O B I L I T Y

26 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

One of the major growth areas in recentyears has been the design, development and

production of a new class of armouredvehicle called the Mine Resistant Ambush

Protected (MRAP) vehicle.

bbyy Christopher F Foss

Mine ResistantAmbush Protected Vehicles

attract more customers

Mine ResistantAmbush Protected Vehicles

attract more customers

The latest vehicle to be developedby BAE Systems is the RG41 (8 x 8)wheeled armoured combat vehicleshown here fitted with a turret armed withlong range ATGW © BAE Systems

Page 29: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

27

M O B I L I T Y

PPRROOTTEECCTTEEDD

l NOEMBER 2010 l

Mine ResistantAmbush Protected Vehicles

attract more customers

Mine ResistantAmbush Protected Vehicles

attract more customers

Page 30: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

tem is standard as is a ten tonne winch whichcan be used to the front or rear of the vehicle.A wide range of optional equipment is avail-able for the Bushmaster PMV.So far two export customers have placed

orders for the Bushmaster with theNetherlands taking delivery of 86 units andthe UK taking delivery of 24 units. Bothcountries have deployed these on operations.As a private venture, Thales Australia has

identified a gap in protected logistic mobilityand developed two logistics load carrier vari-ants called the Bushmaster Utility vehicles.They are in the single door cab arrange-

ment (Bushmaster Utility Single Cab) andfour door cab (Bushmaster Utility Dual Cab)and up to 5 tonnes can be carried on the flatbed at the rear.Thales Australia have completed an engi-

neering assessment to upgrade theBushmaster PMV with new axles and sus-pension to increase gross vehicle mass(GVM) to about 18 tonnes. This would enablethe vehicle to have a higher payload or

increased levels of protection, or a combina-tion of both.

Nexter Systems ARAVISdeployed by French ArmyThe ARAVIS MRAP type vehicle was origi-nally developed as a private venture byNexter Systems and is based on a Mercedes-Benz UNIMOG U-5000 4x4 cross countrychassis. This is fitted with a very well protect-ed crew module that provides protection upto STANAG 4569 Level 4.It addition to its crew of two, command-

er and driver, it carries another sevendismounts with all of these beingprovided with suspended seats.The French Army has taken

delivery of 15 ARAVIS fitted witha Kongsberg RCWS armed with a.50 MG and most of these havebeen deployed to Afghanistan foruse by French Army engineers as part ofa mine clearance system.

Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Dingowins export ordersThe Dingo All Protected Vehicle (APV) wasdeveloped by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann as aprivate venture and the German Army sub-sequently took delivery of a total of 147 pro-duction vehicles.Further development has resulted in the

enhanced Dingo 2 APV that is the current pro-duction model and based on the more recent

28 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

In mid-2010 BAE Systemslaunched their new RG418x8 wheeled armouredcombat vehicle that enablesthe company to offer acomplete range of wheeledarmoured vehicles

PPRROOTTEECCTTEEDD M O B I L I T Y

Ashok Leyland Stallion (4 x 4) mine protected vehicle being put through its paces © Paramount

Page 31: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

4x4 UNIMOG U-5000 chassis which hasallowed for increased payload and protection.

The original Dingo had five seats while thelatest Dingo has eight seats and can undertakea wider range of roles. There is also a versionwith the protected crew compartment extend-

ing to the rear of the chassis for morespecialist roles such as ambulance.

More recent versions include atwo door cab version with aflatbed at the rear, damage repairvehicle which is already in servicewith the German Army and a 6x6recovery vehicle with a fully pro-tected two door cab.

In addition to being used bythe German Army, the latest Dingo2 is also in service with Austria,Belgium, Czech Republic andLuxembourg with the matter beingin a highly specialised reconnaissance

role with a mast mounted sensor pod.

BAE Systems Land SystemsSouth AfricaIn addition to supporting older vehiclessuch as the original Casspir, BAE Systems isnow marketing a complete range of mineprotected and mine hardened vehicles forthe export market.

About 2,000 RG31 4x4MPV have been builtwith the largest export customer being the USMarine Corps followed by Spain and Canada.The RG31 has been continuously been devel-oped with the latest version being the Mk 6which has more volume and payload.

The smaller RG32M is classed as a minehardened armoured patrol vehicle andhas already been sold to more than five coun-tries with the largest user being Sweden whohas taken delivery of 200 production vehicles.

Further development has resulted in theRG32M mine protected light tactical vehiclewhich typically has a four door protected caband a load area at the rear. Launch customerfor this is Ireland who has taken delivery ofan initial batch of 27 units.

Late last year BAE Systems launched theRG35 mine protected multi-purpose fightingvehicle. This is a 6x6 vehicle with a GVW ofup to 33 tonnes and can be fitted with a widerange of weapon stations.

In mid-2010 BAE Systems launched their

l NOVEMBER 2010 l 29

Thales Australia Bushmaster Protected MobilityVehicle (PMV) family includes the APC version(front), Bushmaster Utility (middle) andambulance (rear) © Thales Australia

The latest version of the Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Dingo 2 is this 6x6recovery vehicle shown here with astandard Dingo 2 on suspended tow© Krauss-Maffei Wegmann

M O B I L I T Y

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new RG41 8x8 wheeled armoured combatvehicle that enables the company to offera complete range of wheeled armouredvehicles. This can be fitted with a widerange of weapon systems.

IVEMA go for exportsA relative newcomer to the scene is theIVEMAGila mine and ballistic protected vehi-cle which was developed from 2005and has been sold to at lest seven exportcustomers. This has a GVW of about 13 tonnesand typically has a crew of two and carriesnine dismounts with a high level of protectionbeing provided against mines and IED.

South African Paramountvehicles in productionThe Paramount Group is currently marketingthe Matador and slightly smaller MarauderMPV as well as the Maverick internal securi-ty vehicle. All of these share many commoncomponents such as axles, drive line andpower packs.

All of these vehicles have been developedby the Paramount Group as a private venturewith the first customer being Azerbaijan whois currently assembling 25 Matador and 25Marauder PMV under a technology transferdeal with the Paramount Group with firstvehicles being delivered in 2009.

The Paramount Group has also beenworking with the Indian company of AshkokLeyland with the end result being the StallionMPV. This is essentially a Matador incorpo-rating sub-systems from the proven IndianStallion 4x4 cross-country truck.

UK moves on Light ProtectedPatrol VehicleThe UK has deployed large numbers of USForce Protection Mastiff 6x 6 Heavy PPV andRidgback 4x4 Medium PPV with final inte-gration being carried out in the UK by NPAerospace at Coventry.

These are too heavy and large to bedeployed in some situations and the SnatchLand Rover is currently used for this role.

This was originally developed for use inNorthern Ireland and although upgraded anumber of times to the Snatch Vixen standardhas now reached the end of its development.

This will be replaced by the LightProtected Patrol Vehicle (LPPV) with an ini-

tial requirement for 200 vehicles. The twocontenders for this are the Force ProtectionEurope Ocelot and the Supacat SPV400. Trialsof two vehicles of each type commenced inearly 2010 and a decision is expected soon.

Both of these 4x4 vehicles feature a verywell protected crew citadel for the crew oftwo plus six dismounts with the front andrear wheel stations blowing away in theevent of an explosion.

Ranger offers high levelof protectionOne of the latest MRAP type vehicles to bedeveloped is the Universal EngineeringRanger PPV which was first shown in mid-2009 in its 6x6 configuration.

This is claimed to have a very high level ofprotection well above STANAG 4569 Level 4and consists of an armoured citadel to whichthe four main sub-systems modules areattached. These comprise MAN diesel powerpack, mid axle, inter axle and transmissionand rear axle modules.

Baseline Ranger has a crew of two andcarries eight dismounts in the highly protect-ed citadel that can include explosive reactivearmour. The 6x6 Ranger has a GVW of 19tonnes of which up to six tonnes is payload.

In mid-2010 two pre-production Rangerwere completed, one in 6x6 and one in8x8 configuration and these have a numberof improvements as a result of customerfeedback.

30 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

Force Protection Europe has been chosen by the UK Ministry of Defence to supply an initial orderof Ocelot light protected patrol vehicles © Force Protection

The Paramount Group hasalso been working with theIndian company of AshkokLeyland with the end resultbeing the Stallion MPV

PPRROOTTEECCTTEEDD M O B I L I T Y

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US fields wide range ofMRAP vehiclesAs previously stated MRAP is strictly a USprogramme and under this approach, largequantities of vehicles have been fielded by avariety of contractors.BAE Systems, Global Tactical Systems

provided large numbers of Caiman MRAPvehicles based on their Family of MediumTactical Vehicle (FMTV) with 2,868 beingcompleted by late 2008.Force Protection have provided large

quantities of their Cougar 6x6 and 4x4 MRAPvehicles to the US armed forces as well as tosome export customers.More specialised Force Protection vehicles

include the Buffalo well protected routeclearance vehicle which has also been export-ed. This forms part of the UK Talisman routeclearance system.General Dynamics Land Systems have

supplied MRAP vehicles through their oldconnection with the now BAE Systems LSSAincluding the RG31 and the larger RG33.Until recently Navistar were known for

the civilian vehicles but have secured majorcontracts for their MaxxPro 4x4 MRAP vehi-cles of which over 6,000 have now been built.It has also supplied the UK with 262 MXT

based units to meet the UK requirement for aHusky Tactical Support Vehicle (Medium)with Plasan supplied armour. Singapore hastaken delivery of an initial batch of MaxxProMRAP vehicles.Operational experience sown that some of

the original MRAP type vehicles were toolarge and heavy to be deployed in some partsof Afghanistan.Following a competition Oshkosh

Defense were awarded a hugecontract for their M-ATV(MRAP All TerrainVehicle) with an initialorder being placed form

2,244 vehicles which has since been rapidlyincreased with production peaking at 1,000vehicles a month.An increasing number of countries in Asia

are now procuring MRAP type vehicles foruse within their own borders or for overseasdeployment as part on United NationsForces.

M O B I L I T Y

PPRROOTTEECCTTEEDD

The Supacat SPV400 wasone of the contenders forthe British Army LightProtected Patrol Vehiclerequirement © SUPACAT

When the rules of the game keep on changing, Plasan is always one step ahead. Plasan is a world leader in the design and manufacture of armour and survivability

M-ATV Courtesy of Oshkosh Defense

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RREEGGIIOONNAALLP R O F I L E

In mid-August, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyonoannounced the FY2011 defence budget would undergo a significant13 percent hike. The budget will rise to IDR45.2 trillion ($5billion),compared to IDR42.3 trillion this year. This will be welcomenews for the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara NasionalIndonesia, TNI), which has endured severe under funding andneglect for years. The funding increase will be allocated to,“improve the welfare of soldiers and revamp systems to meetthe minimum essential force,” stated President Yudhoyono.This latest budget represents a doubling indefence spending since FY2005 whenIDR21.97 trillion was allocated.

bbyy Gordon Arthur

An Indonesian BTR-80A APCpainted in white for UNpeacekeeping service in Lebanon© Gordon Arthur/Yves Debay

Continued ModernisationINDONESIAN ARMED FORCES:

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RREEGGIIOONNAALL

After 32 years of Suharto autoc-racy, Indonesia has made arather stunning transition todemocracy. In power sinceOctober 2004, President

Yudhoyono was re-elected on 8 July 2009with a 60.8 percent majority. Indonesia’s firstdemocratically elected principal has to alarge extent been consolidating control overthe 432,000-strong military. He has movedcarefully to cultivate friends in high militaryposts, as illustrated by the September 2009inauguration of Army Chief of Staff, Lt.Gen.George Toisutta. Yudhoyono’s brother-in-law, Maj.Gen. Pramono Edhi Wibowo, wasalso promoted to Siliwangi military com-mander in December 2009.Under the tutelage of President

Yudhoyono, the TNI is witnessing greatercohesion and more balanced development.The government is implementing a

“Minimal Essential

Force” (MEF) programme designed todefend the state’s ideology and territorialintegrity, protect the nation’s honour andsafety, and enforce the law in Indonesian ter-ritory. Professionalism of the military was tobe enhanced by Law No.34/2004, whichdecreed all military businesses be surren-dered by 16 October 2009. Official data from2007 (the latest available) disclosed the mili-tary as having $350 million in gross businessassets reaping an annual profit of $28.5 mil-lion. All businesses were to shut down or behanded over to the Indonesian MilitaryBusiness Management Body (BPBTNI).However, with the 2009 deadline havingpassed, this had still not fully occurred. On15 April 2010, a review was announced toensure all remaining TNI business interestswould come under governmental control bythe end of this year. It is hoped this divesti-ture of entrepreneurial activities will result ina more professional military force.

Continued ModernisationINDONESIAN ARMED FORCES:

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Since 2000, more people have been killedby terrorists in Indonesia than in any countryexcept the US. The most recent attack was thebombing of Jakarta’s JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton hotels on 17 July 2009. However, thenation has enjoyed success in the fight againstIslamic extremism. The Malaysian NoordinTop, Southeast Asia’s most-wanted terrorist,was killed in Central Java on 17 September2009. This success struck Jemaah Islamiyah(JI) a mighty blow, followed three weeks laterby the death of his accomplices, SyaifudinZuhri bin Jaelani and his brother. Dulmatin,another senior JI figure, was killed in March2010. However, whilst these successes have

put pressure on militant organisations,Islamic extremism is far from banished.

Sea changesIndonesia would like a more significantregional influence, and with the army essen-tially an internal security force and the AirForce hampered by high capital costs, per-haps the Navy has the greatest potential toproject power. The Indonesian Navy (TNIAngkatan Laut, TNI-AL) has pinpointedthree strategies to fulfil its MEF obligation:procure new weapon systems by prioritisingdomestic industries; increase existing systemcapabilities; and phase out ineffective sys-tems. “Our main priority now is security insea border areas and the outer islands ofIndonesia,” Navy Chief of Staff, AdmiralAgus Suhartono, said, especially the crime-

prone western waters. Regular patrollingwith India, Thailand, Singapore andMalaysia has resulted in dropping maritimecrime in the Malacca Strait area. ADM Agusclaimed the Navy prevented IDR13.8 trillion

in state losses in 2009 by pre-venting illegal activities

such as fishing and logging.The Navy envisions a 274-ship

green-water navy divided into: aStriking Force (110 ships), Patrolling

Force (66 ships) and Supporting Force(98 ships) located at 59 naval bases. To cre-

ate such a force, the TNI-AL will be procur-ing corvettes and fast missile boats, at thesame time replacing older vessels. The fourthand final Dutch-built Sigma 9113-classcorvette was commissioned in March 2009,armed with MM40 Exocet Block II andMBDAMistral missiles. Indonesia’s NationalCorvette programme stalled because of

funding issues, but it has been resur-rected by a contract on 16 August 2010

to locally build a Sigma 10514-classcorvette. Called Guided Missile Escort 105 M(Perusak Kawal Rudal, PKR), it will takefour years before the first 2,400-ton corvetteis delivered by PT PAL. Local content will bearound 35 percent. This is a small but signif-icant step for the navy, especially as

ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW34

Under the tutelageof President Yudhoyono, theTNI is witnessing greatercohesion and morebalanced development

Indonesian Army troops perform an operation inLebanon as part of the UNIFIL mission © GordonArthur/Yves Debay

RREEGGIIOONNAALLP R O F I L E

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Indonesia needs to standardise weapon plat-forms; the TNI presently operates 173 mainweapon systems from 17 countries!For years the local shipbuilding industry

has been ailing, but led by PT PAL there iscause for optimism. PT PAL has previouslydeveloped fast patrol boats, and in March2010 the second of two new 125m-longLanding Platform Dock (LPD) ships waslaunched in Surabaya. The Makassar-classLPD was developed in conjunction with theDaewoo in South Korea, this company havingalready built two 7,300-ton LPDs forIndonesia. These four LPDs will be vital assetsfor domestic missions and disaster relief mis-sions around the disaster-prone archipelago.Growing in confidence, Indonesia’s shipbuild-ing industry has set its sights on developing a190m 35,000-ton helicopter carrier. PT PALhas also been enlisted to construct seven tanklanding ships (LST) to replace six US-builtLSTs that have been serving more than 40years. However, the resurgence of PT PALcomes at a cost, with the once struggling com-pany undergoing a two-year restructuringprogramme. The process will be severe, withup to half of the company’s 2,400 employeesexpected to be dismissed. In March alone, 900jobs were cut during the rationalisation.The TNI-AL will receive a trio of CN235-

220 maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) from PTDirgantara after a $80 million contract wassigned on 11 December 2009, bringing to sixthe number of such aircraft in service. Theaircraft sensor suites will allow fishery andmarine traffic surveillance, search-and-res-cue, anti-smuggling, anti-terrorism, and anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare mis-

sions. Indonesia has a huge 7.9 millionsquare-kilometre EEZ to protect, and thesenew aircraft will allow retirement of the GAFN-22 Nomad aircraft fleet that has been rav-aged by accidents.Indonesia fitted Chinese C-802 anti-ship

missiles onto PB-57 large patrol craft in 2008,but the Navy announced it will be orderingdozens more C-802s in the future, possiblyvia local production. They are destined foruse on fast patrol boats and Van Speijk-classfrigates. Discussions also took place on pur-chasing the smaller C-705 anti-ship missilefor fast patrol boats. Indonesia remainsdependent on foreign suppliers for suchsophisticated weaponry, although PT PAL is

capable of integrating weapon systems ontoexisting vessels.As neighbours like Malaysia, Singapore

and Vietnam develop submarine fleets,Indonesia is seeking to do the same. Thecountry is reactivating plans to acquire twodiesel-electric submarines by 2014. TheRussian Kilo 636 and South Korean-builtType 209 had been shortlisted, but the pro-gramme was curtailed by a lack of funds.According to reports in April, this project isto be re-tendered, with PT PAL to act as localcontractor for technology transfer. The 20Russian BMP-3F infantry fighting vehicles(IFV) ordered previously are now enteringservice with the Marine Corps.

Up in the airThe Indonesian Air Force (TNI AngkatanUdara, TNI-AU) has down-selected threecompeting advanced trainer designs toreplace its depleted BAE Hawk trainer fleet:the T-50 Golden Eagle from South Korea, L-159B from the Czech Republic, and Yak-130from Russia. This trio was confirmed in earlyAugust for this long-standing requirement,and a decision by the Ministry of Defence(MoD) is expected before the year’s end. TheTNI-AU ordered eight Embraer EMB 314Super Tucano aircraft for use in the lightground attack role. These will replace OV-10F Broncos, and another eight could possi-

South Korea’s T-50 Golden Eagle is one of threecontenders for an advanced trainer requirementfor the Indonesian Air Force © Gordon Arthur

35

The Indonesian Navy previously opted for C-802 anti-ship missiles such as that pictured here, and itwill be placing further orders © Gordon Arthur

P R O F I L E

RREEGGIIOONNAALL

Page 38: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

bly be ordered in the future.The purchase of expensive Su-27 and Su-

30 fighters has stretched the Air Force budg-et, and these few fighters, poorly equippedwith weapons, provide only marginal mod-ernisation. Three new Su-27SKM fighterswere due to arrive around September to jointwo Su-30MKs already in service.Indonesia’s fleet of ten Sukhoi fighters alsoconsists of three Su-30MK2s and two Su-30MKs. Now the TNI-AU is also seekingnew F-16C/D fighters to strengthen itsfighter squadrons. Talks with the US wereheld mid-year, with any possible sale being

funded by Foreign Military Financing.Indonesia needs to replace its Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II aircraft, and various fighteroptions are available. The MoD has alreadyturned down Dassault Mirage 2000-5 fight-ers from Qatar, although the Chinese arealigning the J-10 and Pakistan has profferedthe JF-17. Interestingly, PT Dirgantara andAVIC of China are in preliminary talksabout forming a partnership to develop amilitary transport aircraft.The TNI-AU has signed deals to upgrade

its C-130 Hercules fleet, as well as pursuingthe idea of buying new C-130Js, in an effort toimprove weak airlift capabilities. The air forceonly has four missile types – KS-1 Komet,AIM-9 Sidewinder, AGM-65 Maverick andAA-2 Atoll. It would like more advanced air-

to-air missiles, with Russian munitions likelyto be the best option. Locally, CV Sari Bahariis developing weapons like the P-100 air-to-ground bomb, which has been successfullytested on the Su-27 and Su-30.There are serious reliability issues with the

Air Force, as revealed by a Fokker F-27 crashon 6 April 2009 that killed all 24 occupants. ALockheed L-100-30 crashed on 20 May 2009,killing 97. As with the shipbuilding industry,the aerospace industry under PT Dirgantarais showing resilience. South Korea recentlyordered four more CN-235-110 MPAs, withIndonesia seeing off competition from US,Spanish and Israeli competitors.The Indonesian Army (TNI Angkatan

Darat, TNI-AD) has ordered 154 PindadAPS-3 “Anoa” 6x6 armoured personnel carri-ers (APC). A total of 60 were delivered in2009 and a further 33 in January 2010. ThisAPC design is based on the French VAB,which was procured urgently for peacekeep-ing in Lebanon. Malaysia has ordered 32APS-3 “Anoa” vehicles for its peacekeepingforce in Lebanon too. Spurred by this success,there is a chance PT Pindad may attempt todevelop a light tank in the future. It is report-ed Doosan of South Korea signed anIndonesian contract in November 2009 todeliver 22 Black Fox 6x6 vehicles within twoyears. The vehicles will mount a CSE9090mm gun from CMI in Belgium.

International connectionsSouth Korea has established itself as a primepartner in Indonesian defence sales.Furthermore, on 11 August the two coun-tries’ defence ministers reached an agree-

36 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

Pictured Kapitan Patimura-class vessels from the former East Germany are well overdue forretirement © Gordon Arthur/Andrei Chang

An Indonesian-built MBB Bo 105 helicopter fittedwith rocket pods on display at the Indo Defence2008 exhibition © Gordon Arthur/Andrei Chang

RREEGGIIOONNAALLP R O F I L E

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ment in Jakarta on expanding defence ties,with a key focus being development of SouthKorea’s next-generation KFX fighter. Anexisting collaboration framework datingback to 1999 is to be redrawn.To the south, Australia has long been con-

cerned about illegal migration by boat fromand through Indonesia. From 16-27 April2010, the two countries completed an inaugu-ral round of a CoordinatedMaritime SecurityPatrol aimed at improving security on theshared maritime border to the south of WestTimor. Commodore David Gwyther of theRoyal Australian Navy stated: “It sends amessage to those who may contemplate con-

ducting illegal activities in our maritimezones, that the Indonesian Armed Forces andAustralian Defence Force are workingtogether - so beware.” The exercise incorpo-rated a HQ staff, naval vessels and MPAs,with further patrols planned.On 22 November 2005, the US restored

full military ties with Indonesia, ending asix-year ban on arms sales. PresidentObama’s administration has been makingspecial efforts to reach out to the world’smost muslim populous nation, although thePresident has thrice cancelled visits to thecountry of his childhood due to domestic

emergencies. On 22 July 2010, US DefenceSecretary Robert Gates announced during anofficial visit to Jakarta that the USA wasresuming ties with Indonesian SpecialForces after a twelve-year hiatus. “TheUnited States will begin a gradual, limited

programme of security cooperation activitieswith Indonesian Army Special Forces,” saidGates. Kopassus had been implicated inatrocities in East Timor and Aceh, butHuman Rights Watch asserts the SpecialForce Command continues to perpetrateabuses in Papua province. Obama considersIndonesia a vital Muslim ally, as well as animportant influence in Southeast Asia.However, remembering the recent arms

embargo, Indonesia will be coy about relyingtoo heavily on the US. At some stage, too, theTNI will need to relinquish its internal securi-ty duties to the police in order to reduce man-power. However, it is not yet ready to do this.Indonesia is still far from being able to projectpower, but it is making progress in improvingits strategic situation and in securing its ownarchipelagic territory. A greater green-waterdefensive capability will certainly aid its statusas gatekeeper to the Indian and Pacific Oceans,straddling as it does, the Malacca Strait.

The Pindad APS-3 “Anoa” is a domestically built6x6 APC now entering Indonesian Army service© Gordon Arthur/Andrei Chang

The TNI-AU has signeddeals to upgrade itsC-130 Hercules fleet, aswell as pursuing the idea ofbuying new C-130Js

P R O F I L E

RREEGGIIOONNAALL

Come to Visit the National Pavilion of the CZECH REPUBLIC with the Latest Products

of the Defence and Security IndustriesSCHEDULE: 10. – 13. November 2010

LOCATION: hall A stand 019, JIExpo Kemayoran, JAKARTA, INDONESIA

Inz_CzechIndoDefence_120x127mm:Sestava 1 19.10.2010 11:16 Stránka 1

Page 40: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

AMR Marketing Promotion

Rosoboronexport, the soleRussian state arms trade company entitled to export thewhole range ofmilitary and dual-purpose products, technologies and services, is currently marking its tenth anniversary. The RosoboronexportCorporation was established by the decree of the President of theRussian Federationwith the authority to conductforeign trade operations with the whole export nomenclature of Russian arms and joint research and developmentworks in cooperationwith defence enterprises and research institutes both in Russia and abroad. Its statuswarrantsstate support for all its export/import operations.TheCorporation accounts now formore than an 80 per cent sharein Russia's foreignmilitary sales.Rosoboronexport focuses its business development strategy on forming, strengthening and developing long-term

partnerships with foreign countries under themotto "Efficiency.Reliability.Quality".We are publishing today an article byAnatoly Isaykin,Director General of the Rosoboronexport Corporation

with an overview of its activities.

Russia's military technical cooperationwith foreign states has been practisedfor many a century. Rosoboronexport

has inherited the best traditions of itspredecessors in establishing lastingrelations with foreign partners.Military technical cooperation is not a pure

"arms trade". It occupies a specific zone withinthe Russia's foreign economic activities wherelong-term mutually beneficial partnershipswith foreign countries are built. It is onlynatural as procured arms will be in service for20, 30 or even 50 years.When an importingcountry purchases our arms, it entrusts uswith the most precious state issue - itssecurity, and ultimately – its independenceand territorial integrity. Such country becomesa long-time reliable ally of Russia in bothmilitary-political and economic areas.Every year Rosoboronexport increases its

foreign sales value by 500-700 million USdollars. As a result, the amount of foreignmilitary sales carried out by Rosoboronexporthas augmented for the last ten years almostby two and a half times.Russian military-purpose products also

have been delivered to much widergeographical destinations. At presentRosoboronexport maintains cooperation withsome 70 countries. If previously India andChina took up the main share of contracts (upto 80 per cent of sales value), they are nowjoined by other importers which have becomemajor Russian arms recipients, such asAlgeria, Venezuela, Vietnam, Malaysia,Indonesia and some other countries.The Corporation is proactive in developing

new markets. Latin American countries are agood example of such markets. In this regionthere are contracts signed with Peru,Columbia, Brazil, Argentina, Cuba, that arebeing implemented. Prospects also exist forpromotion of Russian arms to Chile, Uruguay,and Ecuador.Military technical cooperation with

countries in South East Asia, the Middle East,

and North Africa is continued on a mutuallybeneficial basis.Wemaintain military technical cooperation

with our close neighbours from theCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS)and the Collective SecurityTreaty Organisation(CSTO) within the guidelines of the Russia'sstate policy.Our partners are offeredsubstantial preferences.This is also naturalsince armed forces of the CIS/CSTO countriesare equipped with Soviet and Russian-madeweapons.We are developing very dynamicmutually advantageous relations in this areawith Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, andother member-states.The nomenclature of military-purpose

products offered for export increases from yearto year.Now it includes several thousand itemsthat are equal in quality with the best worldproducts and even surpass them in somerespects.Russian combat systems are activelyadapted to meet NATO standards and are indemand amongmember-states of this militarypolitical organisation.Russian weapons andmilitary equipment are favourably distinguishedfrom competing products by their permanentadvantage in cost-effectiveness.All the abovehave allowed Russia to keep for many years thesecond place in the arms sales value.When supplying weapon systems,

Rosoboronexport observes all internationalconventions, does not violate the establishedforce balance in the regions nor allows illegalproliferation of weapons around the world andtheir falling in the hands of terroristorganisations and rogue totalitarian states.Rosoboronexport continues to improve its

exports business concept in collaboration withforeign partners. If previously militaryequipment was sold as it was, now it is offeredwith a set of services intended to support theprocured weapons during their life cycle,including:maintenance, upgrading, repairs,and even disposal when the service life hasbeen ended.Many customer states set up theirown repair bases and servicing centres, and

organise upgrading works and training ofcombat crews and technical personnel. InIndia, for example, the joint venture"Rosoboronservice" has been established toprovide after-sale servicing of ships, aircraftand helicopters.Preparations are done foropening similar centres in other regions. InIndia also functions theT-90Smain battle tanklicence production plant.

Rosoboronexport always tries to help itspartners expertly and smoothly integrate newRussian-made equipment into existing defencestructures, making the whole system operateefficiently, quickly, harmoniously and reliably.Such approach enhances operationaleffectiveness of systems and sets of equipmentand reduces their cost as well as funds requiredfor building andmaintaining a correspondinginfrastructure for them.Rosoboronexport maintains business

connections with more than 700 defenceenterprises in 56 regions of Russia.Many ofthese enterprises have been provided withforeign orders for several years to come.The Rosoboronexport Corporation is

actively participating in charitable and sponsoractivities.During the last ten years it has takenpart in more than 300 such actions.Only thisyear Rosoboronexport has carried out morethan 40 charitable and sponsor actions.Theyaremainly casework assistance rendered toorphaned children (lodged in boarding schoolsand orphanages) and disabled children (curedin hospitals) in Russia.We have also renderedassistance in restoring a Russian-languageschool in Peru.The Corporation provides anactive support to veteran organisations, orhelps to complete library stocks in leadingMoscow colleges which prepare youngspecialists for Rosoboronexport.These days when we celebrate the

anniversary I wish our partners every successin business, prosperity and well-being,constructive andmutually advantageouscooperation with Rosoboronexport for thebenefit of our countries and peoples.

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NNAAVVAALLC 4 I

ElectronicEnvironment

Naval Radar & CombatManagement Systems: The

Designed to equip the US Navy’s Zumwaltclass destroyers, Raytheon’s AN/SPY-3X-band radar forms part of the vessel’sDual Band Radar, along with the S-bandvolume search system to maximise theship’s detection capabilities © Raytheon

Page 43: Asian Military Review - Nov 2010

THALES IS one of the world’s majorsuppliers of naval radar and CMSproducts. The firm produces theHerakles radar used on the MarineNationale (French Navy) FREMM

(Fregate multi-mission) multi-missionfrigates. Herakles is a three-dimensional, S-band 3-4 GHz radar which has a range of upto 80Km against surface targets, and 250Kmfor air threats. The radar provides simula-teous air and surface search, detection of mis-siles and fire control for the vessels’ weapons.Together with its electro-opitcal systems andcommunications, the radar is linked to theships’ CMS which is based on DCNS’s SENITfamily. A version of SENIT, known as SENIT-8, outfits the Franco-Italian Horizon-classfrigates which also deploy a G-band 4-6GHzEMPAR multi-function phased array radar,plus an L-band (1-2Ghz), Thales/Selex S1850air and surface search radar, mounted on thevessels’ aft mast and a Selex RASS S-bandradar positioned on the forward mast, alongwith the EMPAR system. In addition to pro-ducing radar, Selex has the responsibility formanufacturing CMS suites, most notably theItalian Navy’s IPN family of systems.

Like Selex, Thales also manufactures CMSproducts such as the firm’s TACTICOS family.Among other vessels, TACTICOS has beenselected for the SIGMA (Ship IntegratedGeometrical Modularity) frigates of the RoyalMoroccan Navy. Using an open systemsarchitecture, TACTICOS is scalable to

vessels of all sizes, from missile boats up todestroyers and frigates. The CMS fusestogether information from radar, electro-opti-cal and sonar systems to provide a detailedpicture of the immediate environment, han-dling up to 1,500 tracks simultaneously.Another of Thales’s CMS products is theSEWACO-XI which equips the De ZevenProvinciën-class frigates of the KoninklijkeMarine (Royal Netherlands Navy). SEWACOis built around the company’s TACTICOS (seeabove) product. Originally developed for theRoyal Netherlands Navy Tromp class frigates

which were nicknamed ‘Kojak’ because oftheir large, smooth radome positioned aft ofthe bridge, SEWACO has been cycled throughvarious versions in Dutch service culminatingin the current SEWACO-XI configuration.

Thales is also providing radar for theSIGMA vessels in the form of the S-bandSMART-S Mk.2 surveillance radar (which

also equips the German Navy’s Type-123 Brandenburg class frigates

where it is linked to anAtlas Elektronick/

Paramax SATIR CMS.Optimized for surface com-

41

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Without advanced surveillance radar, modernwarships are virtually blind, depriving them ofearly warning of incoming aircraft, anti-ship andeven ballistic missiles. Surveillance radaralso gives a detailed picture of a ship’s maritimeenvironment, providing information on friendlyand enemy combatants, and civilian ships.Today’s naval radar can fuse these twopictures together to provide a holisticview of the locale. Information from a ship’ssurveillance radar arrives in the CombatManagement System (CMS) where it is thendisplayed to the crew. The CMS hasbecome the brain and nervous systemsof modern warships where other sensorssuch as electro-optical equipment canbe commanded, in addition to eachvessel’s weapons, communications, andfleet-wide battle management systems.

bbyy Tom Withington

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Sea Giraffe has beenselected for the ANZAC-class frigates operated bythe Royal New ZealandNavy which have also seentheir Saab 9LV CMScapabilities being upgraded

Saab has leveraged tech-nology developed for the

company’s Giraffe land-based air defence radarinto its Sea Giraffenaval surveillanceradar product. SeaGiraffe is also availableas a lightweight radarto equip small-sizedverssels © Saab

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batants such as frigates, destroyers andLanding Platform Docks (LPDs), the SMART-S has a range of up to 250Km. In addition, thecompany builds the SMART-L radar offeringup to 400Km of coverage and an elevationangle of up to 70°. In conjunction with ITTCorporation, Thales is marketing the radar inthe United States for the US Navy and CoastGuard applications, and also for possible

Foreign Military Sales from that country. TheSMART-L is essentially a SMART-S, but witha lighter weight and smaller size. A so-calledExtended Long Range module is available forthe SMART-L which increases the radar’s‘already impressive range’ according to offi-cial Thales literature. SMART-L has proven tobe a popular product, selling to the German,Danish and Korean navies.

BAE Systems is extensively involved inthe naval surveillance radar world via itsInsyte (Integrated Systems Technologies)business unit. The company’s SAMPSON S-band multifunction radar equips the RoyalNavy’s Type-45 Daring class destroyers(where the radar is connected to a BAESystems Insyte CMS). Moreover, SAMPSONprovides the basis for the ARTISAN(Advanced Radar Target IndicationSituational Awareness and Navigation) radarwhich is earmarked for the Senior Service’sfuture Queen-Elizabeth class aircraft carriers,and for retrofit onto the HMS Oceanamphibious support ship, the Type-23 Dukeclass frigates and Albion class assault vesselsfor use with the latter ships’ BAE SystemsADAWS-2000 CMS. SAMPSON, which has arange of up to 400 km (216 nm), uses ActiveElectronically Scanned Array (AESA) tech-nology which allows it to broadcast across arange of frequencies which can make it com-paratively difficult to intercept.

Saab, meanwhile, has been very successfulat leveraging technology developed for landsystems into its naval product line. Oneexample is the company’s Sea Giraffe AgileMulti-Beam radar which is descended fromthe Giraffe air defence radar, itself a compo-nent of the firm’s BAMSE RBS-23 anti-aircraftmissile system. The Sea Giraffe is alreadydeployed on the Baynunah class corvettesused by the United Arab Emirates navy, and

BAE Systems Integrated SystemsTechnologies is responsible for sev-eral naval radar products, theseinclude the SAMPSON S-band mul-tifunction radar which is used bythe Royal Navy’s Type-45 Daringclass destroyers © BAE Systems

Thales’s SMART-S Mk.2 radar is being marketed to American customers via a partnering agree-ment with ITT Corporation. The radar is being touted as ideal equipment for several US Navy andUS Coast Guard vessels © ITT Corporation

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is a two-dimensional system with a compactsize and a light weight which sweeps at 60revolutions-per-minute. Sea Giraffe has beenproduced in several versions including theMod.C, which has a 0-70° search angle of ele-vation, and a particularly good capabilityagainst sea-skimming missile targets andsmall boats. For small vessels performingmine countermeasures work and offshorepatrol, Saab’s Sea Giraffe LT version main-tains the performance of the Mod.C in apackage which can easily equip diminutivevessels, thanks to its low weight of 250Kg(551lb). Sea Giraffe has been selected for theANZAC-class frigates operated by the RoyalNew Zealand Navy which have also seentheir Saab 9LV CMS capabilities beingupgraded. The 9LV can connect a vessel’ssensors, weapons and communications toprovide an instant view for the ships’ person-

nel of their vessels’ status, using open archi-tecture to provide a plug-and-play capabilityfor these systems.Although arguably not a major part of

EADS’ business, the company does, never-theless, produce a surveillance radar productin the guise of its C-band (4-8 Ghz) TRS-3Dmultifunction surveillance radar which has arange of 200Km. Envisaged for smaller ves-sels such as patrol ships and corvettes, EADShas hit upon a winning formula with a prod-uct that has secured orders from Denmark,Finland, Germany, Malaysia, Norway,Spain and the United States. LikeEADS, Terma of Denmark hascarved a niche as a provider ofspecialist naval surveillanceradar built around theirScanter family of products.Both the Scanter-6000 andScanter-4100 are X-band(8-12GHz) 2D radarwhich are optimizedto detect small tar-gets and have arange of up to185Km. The

choice of X-band is important as it allows theuse of a relatively small antenna ensuringthat the radar remains light weight, whilealso providing a decent surveillance range.One of the most famous naval CMS and

radar combinations in service today isLockheed Martin’s Aegis product. Builtaround the AN/SPY-1 phased array radar,Aegis can provide simultaneous surveillanceinformation, fire control for guns and mis-siles, plus multiple target tracking. Aegis isin extensive use globally, deployed on theRoyal Norwegian Navy’s Fridtjof Namsen-class anti-submarine frigates, which use theAN/SPY-1F radar, designed with smallerantennae compared to the AN/SPY-1D radarused by the Armada Española (SpanishNavy) Alvaro de Bazan class multi-purposefrigates; and the US Navy’s Arleigh-Burkeclass, South Korea’s King Sejong the Greatclass and Japan’s Atago class destroyers.

The AN/SPY-1 has also been select-ed by the Australian and Turkish

navies, and the company is working on theAN/SPY-1K version designed for smallervessels such as corvettes.In July last year, Lockheed Martin

announced that it had installed the latest ver-sion of the Aegis combat system on board theUSS Lake Erie Ticonderoga class guided mis-sile cruiser, which includes a ballistic missiledefence signal processor under the Aegis4.0.1 programme. Certification of the Aegis4.0.1 standard should be concluded in 2011with the upgrade to be then rolled out acrossadditional Aegis-equipped vessels in the USNavy. In addition to the Aegis CMS,Lockheed Martin produces the AN/UYK-43Low Boy computer which forms the CMSused by the Royal Thai Navy’s HTMS ChakriNaruebet aircraft carrier, and the SHINPADScommand and control system deployed onthe Canada’s Halifax class frigates.Along with their involvement vis-à-vis

Thales and the SMART-S, ITT Corporation isresponsible for the AN/SPS-48 3D S-bandradar, which has a detection range of around470Km and a detection altitude of up to30Km. This radar is in use on the US Navy’sWasp class landing helicopter docks, SanAntonio class landing platform docks andNimitz class aircraft carriers. The AN/SPS-48has a long history with the US Navy, havingentered service with the force in the 1960s,and the company’s Radar ObsolescenceAvailability Recovery programme is address-ing issues with the radar which could help toextend its service life beyond 2050 with theaddition of an open architecture processing

43l NOVEMBER 2010 l

Terma of Denmark hascarved a niche as aprovider of specialist navalsurveillance radar builtaround their Scanter familyof products

Raytheon produces a numberof naval radar productsincluding the AN/SPS-49, a2D system which has overthirty year’s experience,plus the AN/SPY-5 pic-tured here. This is oneof the company’s lat-est naval radarproducts and isintended for shipsweighing below1,000 tonnes ©Raytheon

Used with the Aegis class CombatManagement System, LockheedMartin’s AN/SPY-1 has become ahighly successful product for thecompany being exported toNorway, South Korea, Spain andJapan. It is also used by the USNavy © Lockheed Martin

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backbone and solid state transmitter.Like ITT Corporation, Raytheon produces

radars which have been in use for a numberof years, namely the AN/SPS-49 2D longrange air-search system, which entered serv-ice in 1975. This D-band product, which isideal for long-range air surveillance, offers adetection range of up to 460Km. Joining theAN/SPS-49 is the company’s recently-unveiled SPY-5 which is designed for shipsdisplacing under 1,000 tonnes. The productis strongly expected to equip the G class (ex-Oliver Hazard Perry class) frigates of theTürk Deniz Kuvvetleri (Turkish Navy).Moreover, Raytheon also has the distinc-

tion of produicing the first AESA system inservice with the US Navy, namely the DualBand Radar which combines the S-bandVolume Search Radar and X-band AN/SPY-3 Multifunction Radar, both will be deployedas part of the Zumwalt class destroyer pro-gramme for the US Navy. The rationalebehind the use of two different frequencyranges is to utilise the X-band radar for hori-zon search, with the S-band system beingused for searches above the horizon.Raytheon is not only tasked with design-

ing and manufacturing radar, the companyalso provides the Advanced CombatDirection System (ACDS) CMS installed on

the Nimitz-class aircraft carriers of the USNavy, along with the Wasp-class amphibi-ous support ships and the remaining Tarawaclass LPDs. The ACDS is currently beingreplaced by the Ship Self-Defense System,also produced by Raytheon, which knits avessel’s existing sensors and weaponstogether using Linux-based sytems architec-ture to give the ship’s CMS a similar per-formance to that found on the Aegis combatmanagement system.Finally, no discussion of naval radar

would be complete without mentinoingIsrael’s Elta Systems portfolio. The compa-ny’s catalogue in this regard includes the X-band EL/M-2228 medium-range surveil-lance radar designed for small- and medium-sized craft, which can perform air surveil-lance up to 50Km from the vessel. The IsraeliNavy is currently in the process of replacingthe EL/M-2228 with Elta’s EL/M-2258 S-

band Advanced Lightweight Phased Arrayproduct which the company claims is theworld’s first fully digital naval radar. TheEL.M-2258 is built around a lightweightantenna weighing crica seven tonnes. A sec-ond S-band product is manufactured by thecompany in the form of the EL/M-2258 3DSurveillance and Threat Alert Radardesigned for frigates and corvettes for thedetection of air and surface threats, while theEL/M-2248 solid state conformal phasedarray is designed for small-sized ships suchas offshore Patrol Vessels.As far as the future of naval radar is con-

cerned, the US Navy is moving ahead withdeveloping the next generation via conceptstudy contracts which have been awarded toLockheed Martin and Raytheon for thedevelopment of tomorrow’s air and missiledefence radar. These studies will no doubtwork towards further reducing the weight offuture naval radar, while at the same timeensuring their capability increases, particu-larly as far as ballistic and anti-shipping mis-siles are concerned, and regarding the detec-tion of small targets such as jet skis andinflatable boats which, as the USS Coleattack in Yemen in October 2000 illustrated,are becoming the sea-borne terrorist’sweapon of choice.

44 ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW

Joining BAE Systems Insyte’sSAMPSON product is the company’sARTISAN (Advanced Radar TargetIndication Situational Awareness andNavigation) which is due to be rolledout across a number of Royal Navycombatants © BAE Systems

ITT Corporation is responsi-ble for the AN/SPS-48 3DS-band radar, which hasa detection range of around470Km and a detectionaltitude of up to 30Km

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IXInternational Investment Forum“Sochi - 2010” took place in theRussian Black Sea region inSeptember, 2010.More than 3,000

politicians, economists and journalists from allregions of Russia and 32 foreign countriestook part in that forum.About a thousandinvestment projects, most of which are aimedat high technologies development, werepresented at the event.

This forumhas literally becomeabreakthroughfor theRussianTechnologiesStateCorporation.In the presence ofChairmanof theRFGovernment,Vladimir Putin, a number ofagreementswith large scale overseas partners,at the total cost of about four and half billionUSdollars, were signed byDirectorGeneral of theCorporationSergeyChemezov. If onemay callthe agreementwithBoeing a subsequent one, theagreementswith theArab investors haveheralded a new, promising trend of internationalcooperationwithRussianTechnologies.

A group of investors from theUnitedArabEmirates (UAE) expressed their readiness to investa combined total of $800million in theRussianTechnologies projects.

At the forum in Sochi, the State Corporationhas publicly announced the setting up of directinvestment funds for infrastructure ($500million)and development ($300million) projects.By theway, it is the first time when RussianTechnologies, that previously workedmostly withgovernment assets, will receive foreigninvestments into their management.The fact ofsigning such significant agreements withtraditionally conservative and cautious investorsspeaks for itself, proving the high credit rating ofthe Russian State Corporation.

An affiliated company of RussianTechnologies State Corporation – JSC“Prominvest” has signed documents onincorporation of managing companies for twodirect investment funds with UAEmajor investorsat the forum in Sochi.Gulftainer (a companymember of Crescent Petroleum controlled by ahighly influential family in the UAE –The Jafars) isa partner of RussianTechnologies in one of thefunds with $500million.The agreement with"Prominvest" was signed by the Chairman of theBoard of Directors of Gulftainer, Badr Jafar (hisfather, Hamid Jafar, is Head of the CrescentPetroleumBoard of Directors).

DamacGrouponeof the largest developers intheMiddleEast is ready to provide $300million forRussianTechnologiesStateCorporation for itspropertymanagement projects.A respectiveagreementwas signed byChief ExecutiveOfficerof DamacHusseinSajwani.A fewprojects offeredbyRussianTechnologiesStateCorporation to theinvestor of this fund have already been selected.They are related to a reconstruction project within

the framework of theOlympic venues constructionprogramof a hotel in Sochi – “ZelenayaRoshcha”,construction of a data processing center at one ofRussianTechnologiesStateCorporation plantsand sports facilitieswith the area of 290 thousandsquaremeters in thewestern part ofMoscow.

As for infrastructure fund investment projects,they are still being determined, althoughonemaysay that theMiddleEastern investors arepotentially interested in such industries astelecommunications andmetallurgy, includinglogistics.RussianTechnologiesStateCorporationis also interested in investments into optimization ofinternal logisticsmanagement systems thatGulftainer specializes in.

This ismore than a topical issue considering thefact that theStateCorporation founded in 2007consists of 562 plantsmanufacturing about 30%ofall domestic engineering products.Most of themare distributed among vertically integratedstructures holdings; there are 19 of them in the areaof defense industry and 7 in civil industry.More than600 thousandemployeesworkwith theStateCorporation’s plants, and togetherwith their familymembers they total about 2million.RussianTechnologiesStateCorporation also owns largeststocks of such automotive giantmanufacturers asKAMAZ (produces 80%of domestic cargo trucks)andAVTOVAZ (25%of theRussian passenger carmarket).Within the nearest 10 years, theAVTOVAZinvestment programwill cost about 183 billionrubles, out of which the borrowedassetswillamount to less than a half, whereas 13.5 billionrubleswould be usedas production developmentinvestmentsmadeby its partnerRenault.

One of themost significant of RussianTechnologies State Corporation assets –VSMPOAVISMA (it meets 60% of EADSdemand and 40%Boeing demand for titanium

products for such a giant company as Dreamlineralmost 100% of the demand), supplies titaniumpipes for electric power plants to the Republic ofKorea via the joint venture UNITITitanium.

RussianTechnologiesStateCorporation alsoincludesRussia’smajor developer andmobileservices supplier on the basis of themost cuttingedge technology ofwireless high speed Internetaccess 4G "Scartel" (operating under theYotabrand in themarket). "Yota"was the first inRussiaand oneof the first companiesworldwide toimplement broadbandmobile Internet access inaccordancewithWiMax standard.Today, thissystemalmost completely coversMoscowandSaint Petersburg andanumber of communities inTatarstan andBashkiria.TheCompany is not onlysuccessfully developing state of the arttelecommunications technologies inRussia, but isalso building its ownnetworks abroad.Scartel isinvolved in strategic partnershipwithSamsungElectronics (SouthKorea).AYota networkwascommissioned inNicaragua inDecember, 2009.Next on the list is Peru,Venezuela, India…

By the order of theRussianGovernment,RussianTechnologiesStateCorporation isconstructingFederal HighTechnologyMedicalCareCenters applyingmodule constructiontechnology in the entire territory ofRussia.Moduleconstruction has little in commonwith regularconstruction, it looksmore likemechanicalengineering assembly:separate partswith variousfunctional loads are used for assembling an integralunit.The social and economic effect of this projectis quite obvious:commissioning of 7 cardiovascularsurgery centers and 2neurological surgery centerswill ensure up to 50 thousandhigh techcardiovascular surgeries per year.Commissioningof 5 traumatic and orthopedics surgerieswill resultin the reduction of early physical disability of the

TheMost

"Mikhail Shelkov, Director General of JSC "Prominvest", and Badr Jafar, theChairman of the Board of Directors of "Gulftainer", sign investment agreement inthe presence of Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Russian Federation Government"

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AMR Marketing Promotion

population by 25 thousandpeople. In addition,these federal centers are intended to facilitatepromotion of science andpractice for suchimportant aspects of theRussian public healthservice in cross border regions.Another important and promising trend of

RussianTechnologies State Corporation’s activityincludes biotechnologies. It was only 15-20 yearsagowhen the USSR occupied one of the leadingpositions in the global volume of biotechnologicalproducts, but to date Russia has rolledbackwards, to the 70th place.This resulted in thecurrent import of themajority of highly importantbiotechnological products.TheStateCorporation’s project for

development andmanufacture of biologicalproducts provides for construction of 30 plantswiththe high level processing ofwaste containingcellulose,which, in its turn, will make it possible topropose alternative, environmentally safe fuel andprotein feed from renewable raw sources.The biological fuel producedat the corporation’s

plantsmaybeused in its pure form.Thiswasproven experimentally at themotor rally run on thistype of fuel in Lada cars, from Irkutsk toMoscow.This is also important from the environmentalviewpoint, since biological fuel is the cleanest typeof fuel nowadays.However, the investors from theMiddleEast are

mostly interested in a possibility of investing in theRFport infrastructure.Thismarket is really largescale.As oneof the speakers at theSochi forum,Badr Jafar reminded the audience that 3.6millioncontainers are nowused inRussian ports.Thistopicwas discussed shortly before the forumat themeeting ofHamid Jafar andRussia’s PrimeMinisterVladimir Putinwho “expressed his concernabout attracting investments into this segment oftheRussianmarket.”Meanwhile,Gulftainerrepresentativesmetwith theRFMinister ofTransport, Igor Levitin.According to the experts,some fundsmaybe invested into the acquisition,including thosewithin the framework ofprivatization procedures, of Russian port assetsand their handover formanagement for thepurpose of consolidation and creation of a unifiedlogistic holding company.This prospect is by nomeans abstract but quite realistic, considering thefact that theDecree of theRussianGovernmentincluded a large number of port assets in theforecast privatization plan for 2010 year.According to the analysts’, Russian

TechnologiesStateCorporation’s vast experiencewith the government assets and public finances, itsactive support byPresident andChairman of theGovernment of theRussianFederation providegood reasons to expect success of its firstexperience of attracting foreign (especially such

conservative ones) investors’ funds.In general, international cooperation is one of

the top priority objectives ofRussianTechnologiesStateCorporation. Its specialists arewell aware ofthe fact that transfer of technologies and use ofinternational advancedexpertise and knowhowwill helpRussia considerably reduce the amount oftime required for the integrated development ofparticular plants and branches of industry.Getting back to the contract signedwith Boeing

in Sochi, it should be noted that this specific aircraftsupply agreement with an overseasmanufactureris regarded as themost large scale incontemporary Russia.This agreement provides forpurchase of 50 newnarrow bodiedBoeing 737NGplanes of threemodifications, with an option planfor 35more aircrafts.The supplieswill start in 2013and end in 2017.According to the catalog price,the contract valuemay reachUSD3.73 billion.Atthe same time, according to the sources close totheCorporation, the latter hasmanaged to getconsiderable discounts.Themajor amount offunds used for purchasing aircrafts will beborrowed from commercial banks, includingRussian banks, with the guarantee fromAmericanEximbank for 80-85%of the amount, which alsoproves the confidence of large, includingUS,financial capital in RussianTechnologies StateCorporation.The loanswere approved last year,during the visit of Hillary Clinton, USSecretary ofState, toMoscow.Adecision on the dealwith a 5 year renewal of

the supply agreement for Boeing titanium forgedpartsmanufactured inRussiawas taken in duetimeandon the highest level. In June 2010,USPresident BarakObama, in the presence of hisRussian colleague,DmitryMedvedev, called allreachedagreements “the victory forRussia that iscreating a long termmarket for its products andfinally gettingmodern aircrafts forRussianpassengers. It is also a victory for theUnitedStates,as this cooperation helps us add44 thousandnewjobs”.“Our partnership has beenestablished for along period,”addedUSPresident.RussianTechnologies State Corporation is

planning to lease the purchased planes.This willresult in incorporation of an affiliated company.According to a nationally recognized aviationanalyst, Oleg Panteleyev, leasing transactionsare consideredmore profitable than air transportservices, while aircraft modifications ordered bythe State Corporation are highly efficient for themajority of most popular routes, includinginternational flights.The cooperation betweenRussian

Technologies State Corporation and Boeing goesfar beyondUS aircraft supplies to Russia. If not tothe full, but still considerable extent, Boeing

aircrafts consist of Russian titanium and finishedtitanium productsmanufactured by “VSMPOAVISMA”owned by RussianTechnologies StateCorporation.VSMPOAVISMA products arebecomingmore andmore export version.Thevolume of industrial investments in the plantsmade by RussianTechnologies State Corporationin the past three years has exceededUSD 750million, thus creating newworkshops, new jobsand new technologies.On the day following the date of signing

of the aircraft supply agreement, HeadofRussianTechnologiesStateCorporation, SergeyChemezov, took his agreement partner, Presidentof “BoeingCivil Aircrafts”, JamesAlbau fromSochito theUrals in order to showhim theworldwideleading titaniummanufacturer, a plant producinghighly important parts for Boeing aircrafts.VSMPOAVISMA is a long termpartner and titaniumsupplier of Boeing.It was 1997 when the first agreement was

signed between the corporations, when theAmerican company placed its first order with theRussian titaniummanufacturer. In July 2009,Boeing andVSMPOAVISMA founded a jointventure for processing inVerkhnyaya Saldatitanium forged products for the largest hightechnology company worldwide – “Boeing 787”.An agreement was entered into by Boeing andVSMPOAVISMA (with the expiry date in 2015).Under this agreement, the aircraft buildingcompany shall undertake to purchase titaniumforged parts from the Russian companyfor the industrial use of civil aircrafts of models787, 777 and 737.After visiting the plant, JamesAlbau noted, “The

quality of work is amazing here.This ismy first visittoVSMPOand I am impressed bywhat I’ve seen.I’m so glad I camehere.”The partnership ofRussianTechnologiesState

Corporation andBoeing has very goodprospects,sinceBoeing’s titaniumconsumption rate ismuchhigher than anyoneelse’s in theworld.Each newaircraft designed byBoeing requires 20 tons oftitanium.These airplaneswill be produced in alarge amount.Therefore, the agreement signed inSochi is another stage of strengthening thestrategic partnership of RussianTechnologiesStateCorporation andBoeing.It is quite symbolic that the leadingArab

investment companies have followed theAmericanexample and, after thoroughexamination of allrisks, decided to invest considerable funds in theStateCorporation’s projects.The current events prove that theRussian

investmentmarket is already attractingrepresentatives of other countries aswell France,in particular.Who’s next?

“RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGIES”Cautious Investors Choose

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“REDALERT!” China’s Defence

TransformationArmoured vehicles and missile launchers rolled along Beijing’sChang’an Avenue on 1 October 2009. The Chinese leader Hu Jintaopresided over this blatant parade of military might involving500 vehicles. As the final DF-31A intercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM) launchers rolled past, accompanied by a stream of helicoptersand fighters, China had announced its coming of age. This 60thanniversary parade proclaimed China’s military credentials to theworld and amounted to a deterrent to potential adversaries.

bbyy Gordon Arthur

The new DH-10 LACM poses a serious threatto US and allied naval vessels in the westernPacific © Gordon Arthur

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Armoured vehicles and missilelaunchers rolled along Beijing’sChang’an Avenue on 1 October2009. The Chinese leader HuJintao presided over this bla-

tant parade of military might involving 500vehicles. As the final DF-31A intercontinentalballistic missile (ICBM) launchers rolled past,accompanied by a stream of helicopters andfighters, China had announced its coming ofage. This 60th anniversary parade pro-claimed China’s military credentials to theworld and amounted to a deterrent to poten-tial adversaries.Many countries, not least the US, are

vexed by China’s meteoric military rise.Neighbours are on edge, unconvinced byChinese reassurances of peaceful intentions.According to China, “Defence expenditurehas always been kept at a reasonable andappropriate level,” but a look at recent spend-ing gives food for thought. From 1997-2003,expenditure on the People’s Liberation Army(PLA) doubled. The official defence budgetwas $78.6 billion in 2010, a 7.5 percent year-on-year increase. However, the US estimatesactual spending is more like $150+ billion.

Strategic factorsSo why is China spending so much ondefence? Key reasons include national andeconomic security, as China seeks to feed itsinsatiable appetite for raw materials such asoil and minerals. For example, Saudi Arabiasupplied China with 720,000 barrels of oil perday in 2008, a total expected to double by2015. Around 90 percent of trade is by sea, soChina must secure its sea lines of communi-cation, the lifeblood of its economy.

The “renegade province” of Taiwanfigures perhaps most prominently,with China developing core militarycapabilities around an ability toattack the island. By December 2009,the PLA was fielding 1,050-1,150 DF-15 and DF-11 short-range ballisticmissiles (SRBM) opposite Taiwan,plus the much more potent DF-21Cmedium-range ballistic missile(MRBM). Fortunately, relationswith Taiwan improved after the2008 election of President Ma Ying-jeou. China also realises the neces-sity of countering Taiwanese allieslike the US, who would likely come

to the island’s aid in the event of hostilities.The US is unwavering in its commitment to a$6.5 billion Taiwanese arms package

announced in 2008, which includes ApacheAH-64D helicopters, Patriot AdvancedCapability (PAC-3) and Harpoon missiles.This deal enraged China, causing an immedi-ate suspension of military ties with the USA.China pursues a policy of “active defence,”and although not bent on global domination,its rising influence will inevitably increasetensions with the world’s solitary superpow-er. This jostling was amply illustrated inMarch 2009 when the USNS Impeccable sur-veillance ship was harassed in the SouthChina Sea.China also keeps a wary eye on Japan’s

powerful military, as well as the blossomingSouth Korea. Relations with nuclear-equipped India are also frigid, fuelled byunresolved border tensions. Vietnam is alsogrowing in strength, developing modestdeterrents in the shape of 16 Su-30MK2Vfighters and six Kilo-class submarines.Interestingly, the US has finally become moreassertive on the South China Sea issue,waters that China claims as its sovereign ter-

ritory. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stat-ed the resolution of rival claims as a matter ofAmerican “national interest” during July’sASEAN Regional Forum in Hanoi. The USnow appears prepared to tackle thisintractable problem and is willing to confrontChina’s claims.The PLA maintains around 2.255 million

active personnel, many of whom are basedacross the strait from Taiwan.“Informalisation” and “mechanisation” arekey drivers, with new precision weapons andnetworked equipment entering service. Themilitary announced it will shed up to 700,000troops within the next few years, this down-sizing permitting further military modernisa-tion. The expeditionary capability of China isalso improving, with three airborne divi-sions, two amphibious infantry divisions,two marine brigades and seven special oper-ations groups available.

Extending international reachThe multinational counter-piracy mission inthe Gulf of Aden presented China a goldenopportunity to establish a foothold in theIndian Ocean. The first PLA Navy (PLAN)task force left Hainan in December 2008, and aregional naval presence remains. RearAdmiral Xiao Xinnian, PLAN Deputy Chief ofStaff, stated the decision to despatch vessels“showcased China’s positive attitude in fulfill-ing its international obligations and the coun-

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Operating so far from homewill require China to establish a command-and-control node in the MiddleEast, with Djibouti mooted as a possibility

PLA special forces members leap from a Z-9B helicopter in a counterterrorism drill. China onlyinstituted special operations units in 1988 © Gordon Arthur

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try’s image as a responsible power.” Thisdeployment is a natural trajectory in China’sgoal of forging a greater military reach. InJanuary 2010, China joined Shared Awarenessand Deconfliction (SHADE), which runs anti-piracy patrols near the Horn of Africa.Operating so far from homewill require Chinato establish a command-and-control node inthe Middle East, with Djibouti mooted as apossibility. This mission furthers China’s blue-water navy aspirations, and piracy has fortu-itously provided legitimacy for China in posi-tioning an enduring flotilla in the IndianOcean. Despite this, China is still many yearsfrom effectively projecting global naval power.Beijing has been accused of creating a

“string of pearls,” port facilities in Sri Lanka,Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar to hostnaval vessels. There is no compelling evidenceto support this theory, as these are clearlycommercial ventures. However, it would not

be impossible for China to begin using theseports as naval stopovers in the future to sup-port a permanent Indian Ocean presence.Approximately 2,100 Chinese soldiers

serve on UN peacekeeping missions, a contri-bution surpassing any other permanent UNSecurity Council member. The nation is alsoprosecuting an international charm offen-sive, of which military cooperation is animportant element. In August, Fijiannounced it was spurning Australia andNew Zealand in favour of a new Sinoalliance. China actively markets its defenceproducts, with 53 percent of arms exportsgoing to the Asia-Pacific region. For example,the Indonesian Navy opted for C-802 anti-ship missiles for locally built patrol boats,and Thailand is upgrading four frigates withC-802A anti-ship missiles. Pakistan is a vitalexport market for China, one of the more sig-nificant exports being JF-17 fighters.

Missile trajectoriesIncreasingly accurate area denial/anti-accessweapons, and missiles able to target assetssuch as aircraft carriers in the Pacific, are wor-rying the USA. China is developing its strate-gic missile inventory more rapidly than anyother country. Credible reports state China iscurrently deploying or developing five differ-ent ICBM types. While China advocates a pol-icy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons, its11,000Km-range DF-31A is capable of target-ing Washington DC. This three-stage solid-propellant ICBM can carry a single 1,000kt-yield nuclear warhead, and it has become aharder target now that it is truck-and-trailermounted. Smaller in size is the 1,700Km-range DF-21C MRBM launched from a 10x10transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) vehicle.The DF-15C SRBM mounted on an 8x8 TELhas a 600km range. It is difficult to commenton the performance of Chinese tactical andstrategic missiles as they have not been sub-jected to complex combat conditions, but it ispatently clear that their sophistication andquantity is swiftly growing.A major revelation at the 60th anniversary

parade was the DH-10 land attack cruise mis-sile (LACM). The USA estimates China haddeployed 200-500 of this Tomahawk-likeweapon by the end of 2009. Warheadsinclude nuclear and conventional HE, withelectromagnetic pulse (EMP) a future possi-bility. The USA believes China is poised tofield the world’s first anti-ship ballistic mis-sile (ASBM), which will pose a huge threat tothe US Navy’s Pacific Fleet with its rangeexceeding 1,500km. Identified by US navalintelligence as the DF-21D (reflecting its DF-21 MRBM lineage), it can be fired frommobile land-based launchers.

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The truck-mounted DF-31A ICBM featuredprominently at the climax of China’s 60thanniversary parade in 2009 © Gordon Arthur

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The newest main battle tank is the third-generational Type 99A1, an example of which is seen hereparading on 1 October 2009 © Gordon Arthur

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Above and below waterThe South Sea Fleet is the jewel in the PLANcrown, with new above- and below-groundfacilities being constructed at Yulin NavalBase on Hainan Island. Illustrating theNavy’s growing confidence, an unprecedent-ed exercise took place in April when a PLANflotilla transited the Miyako Strait betweenOkinawa and Taiwan. This kind of coordi-nated action involving ships, submarines andlong-range aircraft had never been witnessedbefore. Furthermore, the Chinese fleet of 60submarines nearly doubled its major patrolsfrom the previous year, rising to twelve in2008. Development of the JL-2 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) continuesdespite setbacks, with it due to be fitted toType 094 Jin-class submarines. Each vessel isexpected to carry twelve three-stage solid-propellant JL-2 missiles with a maximumrange of 7,200km. When eventually fielded,the JL-2 will offer far superior performance tothe two-stage JL-1 fitted on Type 092 Xia-class submarines. The expansion of China’sSLBM inventory provides greater mobilityand survivability, with JL-2 missiles able toreach Guam, India and most of Russia.Perhaps the most newsworthy item for the

PLAN is development of an aircraft carrier, amatter of national pride for the military.China has been exhaustively studying the ex-

Soviet Varyag carrier in Dalian, and seekingout associated technologies. Shanghai is themost likely place for construction, which theUS estimates could begin before the end of2010. China’s first carrier will probably servein the South Sea Fleet, but certainly notbefore 2015. Multiple aircraft carriers couldwell be a reality by 2020, greatly enhancingChina’s power projection capability.Sourcing aircraft for use with a carrier is anequally pressing matter. A navalised J-10 hasbeen experimented with, while anotheroption is acquiring Su-33 fighters fromRussia. However, with the Su-33 productionline closed and Russia suspicious of China’sreverse engineering tendencies (the J-11B is adirect copy of the Su-27SK, for example), theShenyang Aircraft Corporation is developingthe J-15 carrier-borne fighter. Developmentof the J-15 began after China obtained anearly Su-33 prototype from Ukraine and wasable to copy it.

Beyond the skiesLike the PLAN, the PLA Air Force (PLAAF)is also receiving new equipment. Theupgraded H-6K bomber entered service inOctober 2009, with Russian turbofan enginesgiving a range of 3,500km. The H-6K’s mostnotable capability is under-wing carriage ofsix 2,000km-range DH-10A cruise missiles,giving China its first truly strategic bombercapable of carrying nuclear weapons.However, at a more basic level the PLAAF’sstrategic transport aircraft and tactical heli-copter capacity remains under-strength, asrevealed most poignantly during reliefefforts after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.China now has more capable surface-to-airmissile (SAM) systems such as the HQ-9 usedby the PLAN and PLAAF. However, the HQ-9 cannot match the performance of the mostrecently acquired S-300PMU2 delivered in2007 and onwards by Russia.China has developed two Airborne Early

Warning & Control (AEW&C) aircraftdesigns. The larger KJ-2000 is based on an Il-76MD airframe. Four aircraft were commis-sioned in 2006-07, each equipped withindigenous Active Electronically ScannedArray (AESA) radar mounted in a non-rotat-ing radome. Further production is stalledbecause of insufficient airframes, though thefuture Y-20 transport aircraft could eventual-

While China advocates apolicy of no-first-use ofnuclear weapons, its11,000Km-range DF-31A iscapable of targetingWashington DC

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This Type 054A frigate was seen in Hong Kong onits way home after completing a counter-piracymission in the Gulf of Aden © Gordon Arthur

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ly be used. Because this new platform is stillyears away, China produced a back-updesign in the form of the smaller Shaanxi Y-8-based KJ-200. The KJ-200 is still in develop-ment, with a 2006 crash that killed 40 crew-men and technicians substantially settingback the programme. Even if China gets itsAEW&C assets operating efficiently, onlymodern J-10 and J-11 fighters have appropri-ate digital data-links. Thus, China faces asteep learning curve and multiple challengesin gaining the greatest benefit from itsAEW&C assets.

China’s aspirations extend far beyondthe sky. China proclaims it “has all alongadvocated the peaceful use of outer space,and opposed the introduction of weaponsand an arms race in outer space.” Yet, simul-taneously, one of China’s highest prioritiesis developing an anti-satellite capability - inJanuary 2007 it used a direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon against a redun-dant weather satellite. An ability to attacksatellites in low-earth orbit would be essen-

tial in any conflict with adversaries like theUSA. China launched its first navigationsatellite in April 2009, and it could have afull GPS network running by 2015-20, whichwill have obvious military applications.China’s space-based ambitions were under-scored yet again on 11 January with the suc-cessful testing of “ground-based, mid-course missile interception technology.”This test heralds the advent of a Chinese bal-listic missile defence (BMD) capability.

The future is redDespite indigenous technological advances,China still relies on foreign expertise. Militaryembargoes were instituted by Western coun-tries after the 1989 Tiananmen Square mas-sacre, so China relies heavily on Russia as akey equipment supplier. However, mutuallymistrustful relations are not helped byChina’s habit of flagrantly copying Russianmilitary technology. China is regularlyaccused of resorting to illegal technologytransfer, espionage and cyber-warfare.

China’s military is not just projecting itspower outwardly. The country is riddledwith internal divisions caused by corruptionand social inequality - economic success hasbenefited 300 million Chinese but one billionremain in poverty. Tibet and XinjiangProvinces have experienced recent ethnicviolence, and the PLA must be ready to con-duct internal security operations in supportof the People’s Armed Police (PAP). China’sleadership is particularly anxious aboutextremist Uyghurs, with constant referencesto the dangers of Islamic-inspired terrorismand separatism.

Stung by recent US actions on itsdoorstep, China’s Defence Minister LiangGuanglie boldly stated at a PLA anniversaryspeech on 1 August: “We should strengthenour capability to deal with multiple tasks intoday’s modern battlefields and be deter-mined to safeguard our national sovereignty,security and interests in development…Andwe should enhance our preparations for big-scale and complicated military struggles.”Indeed, China is doing exactly that!

52 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

Due to insufficient numbers of airframes, the KJ-2000 AEW&C aircraft is yet to have a major impacton PLAAF strategy © Gordon Arthur

The J-10 is China’s most modern fighter. This example had its public debut at the 2008 China AirShow in Zhuhai © Gordon Arthur

The Chinese fleet of 60submarines nearly doubledits major patrols from theprevious year, rising totwelve in 2008

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AUSTRALIAAustralia moves closer to elec-tronic attack capabilityThe first Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF)F/A-18F Super Hornet to receive a potentialelectronic attack capability has been complet-ed by Boeing at the company’s facilities in St.Louis in the US.

The Australian government ordered 24Block II versions of the Super Hornet in2007, eleven of which have been deliveredand are operating from the RAAF BaseAmberley in Queensland.

The second batch of aircraft are being pre-wired to give them the potential to be updat-ed with an electronic attack capability easilyin the future, should the government wish toadd this capability. Pre-wiring the aircraftduring production will enable to aircraft tobe upgraded at reduced cost, in comparisonto a complete retrofit, giving the RAAF max-imum operational flexibility.

The Australian Super Hornets are all fittedwith the Raytheon APG-79 ActiveElectronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar,and are amongst the most advanced multi-role jets in operation. They are able to performvirtually every mission in the tactical spec-trum including air superiority and day/nightstrike with precision guided ammunitions.They are also able to carry out fighter escort,close air support, suppression of enemydefences, maritime strike, reconnaissance, for-

ward air control and tanker missions.The full 24 Super Hornets are on schedule

for delivery to be complete by 2011.

A330 MRTT tanker gets greenlight for RAAF deliveryAirbus Military’s A330 Multi-Role TankerTransport (MRTT) aircraft has obtained certi-fication from Spanish military certificationauthority Instituto Nacional de TecnologíaAerospacial (INTA), which will allow theRoyal Australian Air Force (RAAF) deliveryto go ahead in the near future.

The A330 MRTT is on order with fourarmed forces, including the AustralianDefence Force (ADF), which has ordered fiveaircraft as part of its KC-30A programme.Two of these aircraft will now be delivered tothe RAAF before the end of 2010, where theywill be operated by 33 Squadron at RAAFBase Amberley in Queensland.

The RAAF will use the aircraft for air-to-air refuelling via the Aerial Refuelling BoomSystem (ARBS) that comprises a fly-by-wireboom refuel system and all-electric probeand drogue system. The aircraft will be capa-ble of refuelling the RAAF’s F/A-18 Hornets,F-111s, Airborne Early Warning and ControlWedgetails and Joint Strike Fighters. Theywill also be used for personnel transport,including transporting troops domesticallyor internationally, with a maximum capacityof 270 passengers. Under floor cargo com-

partments will also be able to transport up to34,000 kgs of military and civilian cargo pal-lets and containers.

The RAAF KC-30A will also be fitted withadvanced mission systems including Link 16real-time data-link, military communicationsand navigation suites, as well as an electron-ic warfare self-protection system.

More than 280 flights and over 450 tonnesof fuel were successfully transferred duringtesting, and all design, operation and militarysystems on board have now been acceptedand certified. The A330MRTT is now the onlycertified next-generation tanker and transportaircraft available to the world’s militaries.

ADF MRH deliveries ‘on track’Australian Aerospace has announced that itis on track to meet the Australian DefenceForce’s (ADF’s) delivery schedule for theNH90 Multi-role helicopters (MRH) beforethe end of 2010.

As part of a programme to replace theArmy and Navy’s Black Hawk and Sea Kinghelicopter fleets a total of 46 MRH90s havebeen ordered by the ADF, 13 of which havebeen delivered so far, with the most recentdelivered early September. This first batch ofhelicopters has been assembled to ProductBase Line (PBL) 01 and 02 standard, whichwill be upgraded to PBL 03 at a later stage.

Three more units are due for delivery thisyear. They will be the first aircraft to have

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Asia Pacific Procurement Update

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RAAF A330 MRTT with F-18© Airbus Military

Asia Pacific Procurement Update

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been assembled to PBL 03 standard, and willincorporate advanced avionics and other sys-tems designed to ease crew workload. A newstrengthened floor and additional equipmenttie-down points will also be incorporated inthe PBL 03 aircraft.The Australian MRH90 programme expe-

rienced a significant setback earlier in theyear when an incident forced the groundingof the entire fleet. One of the engines of anMRH90 shut down during flight. The aircraftwas able to safely return to base but the fleetwas grounded until the cause of the incidentwas determined and the updated start-upprocedures were issued as a result.The MRH90 was selected by the ADF as

part of a modernisation and rationalisation of

its military helicopter fleet. The aircraft isable to carry two pilots, 2 loadmasters and 18combat troops, and is claimed by AustralianAerospace to be the world’s most advancedhelicopter in the ten-tonne class with fly-by-wire, all-composite construction and thehighest crash-worthiness standards.

Australia requests purchase of MK54 Lightweight TorpedoesUS Congress has been notified by theDefense Security Cooperation Agency(DSCA) of the possible Foreign Military Sale(FMS) of MK 54 Lightweight Torpedoes tothe Government of Australia.Australia has requested the sale of up to

200 MK 54 All-Up-Round Torpedoes, 179

MK 54 Flight in Air Material Kits, 10 MK 54Exercise Sections, 10 MK 54 Exercise FuelTanks, 10 MK 54 Dummy Torpedoes and 6MK 54 Ground Handling Torpedoes at a totalestimated cost of USD $169 million.The deal would also include support and

test equipment to upgrade IntermediateMaintenance Activity to MK 54 capability,spare and repair parts, technical data andpublications, personnel training and trainingequipment, as well as US government andcontractor engineering, technical and logis-tics support services, and other related ele-ments of logistics support.Congress was notified that Australia

intends the torpedoes to be used on theLockheed/Sikorsky MH-60R helicopter.

INDIAHawker Beechcraft to demonstrate T-6C for IndiaThe Indian Air Force is to evaluate theHawker Beechcraft Corporation (HBC) T-6C military trainer during field trailsbeginning later this month at the Air ForceStation Jamnagar in India.The evaluation is scheduled to begin on

October 11 and run for five days, and willdemonstrate the abilities and cost-effective-ness of the T-6C as a replacement for theIndian Air Force’s (IAF’s) HPT-32 Deepak 2trainer. Trials will be conducted by IAF testand instructor pilots.The IAF is seeking a replacement for

its HPT-32 Deepak 2 trainer and is seeking the acquisition of an initial 75 aircraft. The contract includes options forfollow-on orders that could total over 100aircraft.The T-6C accommodates instruction in

instrument flight procedures and basicaerial manoeuvres. The aircraft featuresintegrated glass cockpit and advancedavionics suite for enhanced trainingopportunities, including a head-up dis-play; up front control panel, three multi-function displays and hands-on throttleand stick. It also features hard point wingthat can accommodate external fuel tanksand the systems and capabilities of today’sfront-line strike fighter aircraft.The T-6C has been in use since 2000 and

has been selected to train pilots fromapproximately 20 nations, including theUS Air Force. The IAF is expected to make

an official contract offer to the winning bidin the coming months.

India’s C-130J takes flightThe Indian Air Force’s (IAF’S) first C-130JSuper Hercules came a step closer to deliv-ery this month with the first aircraft under-taking its maiden flight this month. The aircraft was fired up for the first

time on September 21, and carried out itsfirst flight on October 4 ahead of a series ofLockheed Martin and IAF flight tests thatwill be carried out before the scheduleddelivery of the first aircraft in December.The second and third aircraft will also carryout flight testing in the coming weeks.A total of six C-130Js have been ordered

by the IAF, along with three years of sup-port, aircrew and maintenance techniciantraining, spare parts, ground support andtest equipment. The aircraft will providemodern and capable airlift support to theIAF, and has been fitted with India-specificequipment according to requirements,including unique configuration.The IAF’s C-130J will be able to perform

precision low-level flying, airdrops, andlanding in blackout conditions, and hasbeen fitted with air-to-air refuelling equipment for extended range operations.It also features a new digital avionicsarchitecture and propulsion system, twinhead-up pilot displays, and dual missioncomputers that automate many functions,enabling reduced crew, allowing the air-craft to be operated by only two pilots anda loadmaster.

F414 GE engines selected forIndian Tejas LCAThe Mk II Tejas Light Combat Aircraft(LCA) being developed for the Indian AirForce (IAF) is to be powered by the F414-GE-INS6 fighter jet engine following itsselection by the Indian AeronauticalDevelopment Agency (ADA). Ninety-nine engines will be delivered

under the contract. The first batch will besupplied by GE Aviation, and the remain-der will be manufactured in country undera transfer of technology agreement.The F404 GE engine is already in use

within both the IAF and the Indian Navy,following orders in 2004 and 2007. TheF404 was also used during developmenttrials for the Tejas LCA. The F414-GE-INS6 engine is the highest-

thrust F414 model and features advancedtechnology including a Full AuthorityDigital Electronic Control (FADEC) andsingle engine safety features.The enginewas selected following a lengthy effort byindigenous industry to develop anadvanced jet engine. Bids were finallysought in 2009 from General Electric andEurojet Turbo. The Tejas LCA is India’s firstlight combat aircraft, and is being manufac-tured by state-owned aircraft companyHindustan Aeronautics ltd (HAL). The F414 is a proven fighter engine, in

use with the US Navy on its Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornets as the F414-GE-400. Itdelivers 35 percent more thrust than theoriginal F404 and provides superior range,payload and survivability.

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INDONESIA Indonesia receives final Su-30MK jetsThe Indonesian Air Force has taken deliv-ery of the last three Su-30MK fighter air-craft at a handover ceremony at an air basein South Sulawesi in southern Indonesiaattended by the Russian Ambassador toIndonesia, Alexander Ivanov.Indonesia signed a contract for six of the

Russian Sukhoi aircraft in August 2007,with three of the fighter jets delivered in 2009. According to regional reports the

Indonesian Air Force Chief of Staff hasrevealed plans to purchase another sixSukhoi aircraft, but no official outline of apossible procurement schedule has beengiven at this stage.

Indonesia signed a contract forsix of the Russian Sukhoi aircraftin August 2007, with three of thefighter jets delivered in 2009, theremainder in September © Sukhoi

THAILAND Thailand to upgrade F-16A/BBlock 15 aircraftThailand has requested the upgrade of itsageing F-16 fleet under a three-phased pro-gramme Mid-Life Upgrade (MLU) as partof a possible Foreign Military Sale (FMS)from the US Government.US Congress was notified of the possible

sale by the Defense Security CooperationAgency (DSCA) on September 29. As wellas the upgrade, Thailand has requestedassociated parts, equipment and logisticalsupport for the aircraft, in a possible dealworth an estimated $700 million.The proposed MLU would be a three-

phased programme to upgrade six aircraftat a time in each three-year phase. Underthe upgrade each aircraft would receiveModular Mission Computer, APG-68(V)9

Radar, APX-113 Combined Interrogator andTransponder, ALQ-213 Electronic WarfareManagement System, ALE-47Countermeasures Dispenser System, spareand repair parts, tools and support equip-ment, publications and technical data, per-sonnel training and training equipment; aswell as US Government and contractor engi-neering and technical support services, andother related elements of logistics support.The upgrade will bring the Royal Thailand

Air Force’s (RTAF) F-16 fleet up to modernstandards, and enhance its ability to conductday, night and adverse weather operations,as well as increase air sovereignty and inter-operation with the US armed forces.

Saab unveils RTAF airdefence systemSaab has unveiled the integrated airdefence system for the Royal Thai Air Force

(RTAF) at a ceremony in Sweden attendedby the Commander in Chief of the RTAF,General Director for the Swedish DefenceMateriel Administration (FMV), and theSaab CEO.The air defence system for Thailand

includes six Gripen C/D multirole fighteraircraft, one Erieye Airborne EarlyWarning (AEW) system fitted into a Saab340, an additional Saab 340 and threeground based radio sites.The contract will give Thailand a strong

framework for an advanced networkeddefence system, and will enhance theRTAF’s aerial surveillance, early warning,interception and airborne command andcontrol capabilities. The Gripen will replace the RTAF’s

F-5 fighters, and was selected for itsadvanced multi-role/swing capability, newgeneration flight control systems andadvanced avionics, weapons and communi-cation systems. The delivery schedule will see the

Gripens delivered early next year, follow-ing the delivery of the AEW system inDecember 2010. A second phase of the pro-gramme is expected to run from 2012 to2016 which is likely to see a further batchof Gripens ordered, along with an addi-tional Saab aircraft AEW and associatedequipment, spare parts and training,although this phase of the programme isyet to be finalised.

Thailand is seeking an $700m upgrade for their F-16A.B fleet from the US © DoD

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SINGAPOREST Aerospace signsRSAF AdvancedJet Trainer contractST Engineering has announced theywill be supporting the Republic ofSingapore Air Force’s (RSAF’s) fight-er pilot training programme with theacquisition of 12 Alenia AermacchiM346 aircraft and ground based train-ing system.The contract has been issued to ST

Engineering’s aerospace arm, STAerospace, and is worth an estimat-ed contract, also including associatedspares, is S$543 million. The first of the 12aircraft are scheduled for delivery in 2012.ST Aerospace is the prime contractor for

the agreement, who will complete require-ments with its consortium partners, AleniaAermacchi and Boeing. The three compa-nies formed a consortium in 2008 for theRSAF Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) replace-ment programme. The M346 aircraft willbe supplied by Alenia Aermacchi, theground based training system by Boeing,and ST Aerospace will oversee the AJTprogramme management.The M346 is tailor made to train pilots

to fly new generation combat aircraft andis specifically designed to cover everyphase of advanced and pre-operationaltraining in order to keep flight hours onmore expensive aircraft as low as possible.It has already been selected by the ItalianAir Force and the United Arab Emirates forair fleet training.

RSAF receivesfirst modernised C130The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF)

has taken delivery of the first of ten mod-ernised C130 Hercules transport aircraftthat are being upgraded under programmeto bring the older fleet up to modern stan-dards, improve operational efficiency, andreduce maintenance requirements.The C130 Hercules aircraft are being

upgraded by ST Aerospace as part of acontract awarded in 2007 that is expectedto extend the fleet’s service life by another20 years. The aircraft will be modernised to meet

evolving Global Air Traffic Management(GTAM) requirements. Work will includemodernised avionics suite to improve oper-ational readiness, despatch reliability andincrease the overall fleet mission availabili-ty. According to ST Aerospace, the GTAMcompliant avionics suite enables the aircraftto navigate safely, efficiently and accuratelythrough CNS/ATM (communication, navigation, surveillance often associatedwith air traffic management) regulated air-space worldwide.Work will also include modernisation

of the cockpit to an indigenously-designed glass cockpit that is designed to

reduce crew workload and opera-tional fatigue.The first aircraft to be delivered

has also been fitted with anAuxiliary Power Unit andEnvironmental Control System(APU / ECS) that will bring the olderaircraft up to the standard of thenewer C130H aircraft, while alsointroducing commonality across thefleet between the older C130B andyounger C130H aircraft.

Work on the second aircraft is nowunderway and both aircraft are sched-uled to complete ground testingbefore the end of 2010. The entire fleet

is expected to be upgraded by 2014.

Singapore requests US pilottraining programmeThe Defence Security Cooperation Agency(DSCA) has notified US congress that thegovernment of Singapore has requested thepurchase of defined order training for athree year pilot training programme for itsF-16 fighter jet fleet.The training programme, which would

take place as a Foreign Military Sale (FMS),will take place at the Tucson Air NationalGuard Base in Arizona, US, and includes F-16 basic, transition, conversion/internationaladvanced weapons, and instructor pilotupgrade courses, at a total estimated cost of$150 million.The Republic of Singapore Air Force

(RSAF) has been operating F-16s since thelate 1980s, and has fielded the F-16C/Daircraft since 2000. The training programme requested from the US willenable the RSAF to better develop mission-ready and experienced pilots tosupport its current and future F-16 aircraft fleet.

PAKISTAN Pakistan starts ball rolling onBell 412EP acquisitionUS Congress was notified by the DefenseSecurity Cooperation Agency (DSCA) on 14September of a possible Foreign Military Sale(FMS) of Bell 412EP helicopters to Pakistan.Pakistan has requested the sale of up to

thirty aircraft, including spare and repairparts, support equipment, ferry services,air worthiness certification, publicationsand technical data, training and equipment,as well as US Government and contractor

logistics, engineering and technical andlogistical support, totalling a possible $397million if all options are exercised.Pakistan’s air defence capabilities will be

greatly enhanced by the Bell 412EP fleet ifthe deal goes ahead. The aircraft is alreadyfielded by Pakistan’s armed forces for coun-terinsurgency, border security, search andrescue and disaster management operations.Pakistan received two Bell 412EP air-

craft in May 2010 at a value of $24 million,along with $20 million in spare parts andassociated support.

The Bell 412EP is a medium twin-engine helicopter that features advancedoperation in extreme conditions and isdesigned with rupture-resistant fuel cells,energy absorbing crew seats, and aresilient fuselage. According to Bell theaircraft has the highest dispatch reliabilityof any twin engine aircraft available, and its dual digital automatic flight control system provides flexibility forfuture growth, including easy integrationof automatic approach to hover and automatic hover capabilities.

ST Engineering will support the RSAF’s twelve strongM346 fleet © AJB

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Output printed at: 100%Fonts: Helvetica 65Media: Asian Military Review

Space/Color: Full Page–4-Color–BleedLive: 7.25 in. x 10.25 in.Trim: 8.25 in x 11.25 in.

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Client: BoeingProof Reader:

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Job Number: BOEG_BDS_AH6_2087MApproved

Date/InitialsClient: Boeing Product: Boeing Defense Space & Security

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The AH-6i is a uniquely capable light attack/reconnaissance

helicopter with the muscle and performance of a heavyweight.

Completely integrated and network enabled, the AH-6i is a combat-

proven platform, equipped with the most advanced cockpit in its

class. And its flexible weapons configuration includes Hellfire missiles,

rockets, laser-guided rockets and machine guns. The AH-6i. When it

comes to security and confidence, there is nothing light about it.

Cyan Magenta Yellow BlackClient - Frontline Job # - 118198 Ver. - AD01

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