Asian Military Balance 2003(CSIS)

Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. No portion may be execerpted or reproduced without the written permission of the author and the payment of an agreed fee.

CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies

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(202) 775-3270 To download: csis.org (Strategic Assessment)

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The Asian Military Balance:

An Analytic Overview

A Comparative Summary of Military Expenditures; Manpower; Land, Air, and Naval,

Forces; and Arms Sales

Anthony H. Cordesman

Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy

with assistance from G. Ryan Faith

May 2003

China and the Asian Military Balance 6/9/2003 Page ii

Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved

Table of Contents PART ONE: COMPARATIVE MILITARY SPENDING.....................................................................................1

Military Spending by the Major Powers in 1990, 1995, 1999.............................................................................2 World Defense Spending in 2001 ........................................................................................................................3 Comparative Military Spending Trends in South and East Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999 ..........4 Comparative Military Spending Trends in South and East Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999............5 Asian Defense Spending in 2001 .........................................................................................................................6 Defense Spending by the Major Asian Powers in 2001.......................................................................................7

PART TWO: COMPARATIVE MILITARY FORCES ........................................................................................8 Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One...........................................................................................................9 Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Two.........................................................................................................10 US Forces in the Pacific – Part One .................................................................................................................11 US Forces in the Pacific – Part Two .................................................................................................................12

PART THREE: COMPARATIVE MILITARY MANPOWER..........................................................................13 Military Manpower of Selected Major Powers in 2003.....................................................................................14 Top Ten in Military Spending Per Active Man & Woman in Uniform...............................................................15 Asian Active Military Manpower in 2003..........................................................................................................16 Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003.............................................................................................17

PART FOUR: COMPARATIVE LAND WEAPONS ..........................................................................................18 Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003.......................................................................................................................19 Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003.........................................................................................................20 Asian Land Weapons in Key Powers in 2003 ....................................................................................................21 Asian Artillery Strength in 2003 ........................................................................................................................22

PART FIVE: COMPARATIVE AIR WEAPONS................................................................................................23 Asian Fixed and Rotary Wing Combat Aircraft in 2003....................................................................................24 Asian Fixed and Rotary Wing Combat Aircraft Holdings for Key Powers in 2003 ..........................................25

PART SIX: COMPARATIVE NAVAL WEAPONS............................................................................................26 Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003 ...................................................................................................................27 Asian Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003 ...........................................................................................28 Western Naval Combat Ships Affecting the Asian Balance in 2003 ..................................................................29

PART SEVEN: MILITARY BALANCE IN NORTHEAST ASIA .....................................................................30 Comparative Military Spending Trends in Northeast Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999.................31 Comparative Military Spending Trends in Northeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999 ..................32 Comparative Arms Imports in Northeast in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999............................................33 Comparative Arms Imports in Northeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999......................................34 Northeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One ........................................................................................35 Northeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One ........................................................................................36 Northeast Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003 ............................................................................37 Northeast Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003......................................................................................................38 Northeast Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003 ........................................................................................39 Northeast Asian Land Weapons in 2003............................................................................................................40 Northeast Asian Artillery Strength in 2003 .......................................................................................................41 Northeast Asian Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 ........................................................................42 Northeast Asian Rotary Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003................................................................................43 Northeast Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003...................................................................................................44 Northeast Asian Major Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003................................................................45 Western Naval Combat Ships Affecting the Asian Balance in 2003 ..................................................................46

China and the Asian Military Balance 6/9/2003 Page iii


PART EIGHT: MILITARY BALANCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA......................................................................47 Comparative Military Spending Trends in Southeast Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999.................48 Comparative Military Spending Trends in Southeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999...................49 Comparative Arms Imports in Southeast Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999....................................50 Comparative Arms Imports in Southeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999......................................51 Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One ........................................................................................52 Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Two ........................................................................................53 Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Three......................................................................................54 Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Four .......................................................................................55 Southeast Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003 ............................................................................56 Southeast Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003 ......................................................................................................57 Southeast Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003 ........................................................................................58 Southeast Asian Artillery Weapons in Key Powers in 2003 ..............................................................................59 Southeast Asian Artillery Strength in 2003........................................................................................................60 Southeast Asian Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 ........................................................................61 Southeast Asian Rotary Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 ................................................................................62 Southeast Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003...................................................................................................63 Southeast Asian Major Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003................................................................64 Western Naval Combat Ships Affecting the Asian Balance in 2003 ..................................................................65

PART NINE: MILITARY BALANCE IN SOUTH ASIA ...................................................................................66 Comparative Military Spending Trends in South Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999 .......................67 Comparative Military Spending Trends in South Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999 .........................68 Comparative Arms Imports in South Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999 ..........................................69 Comparative Arms Imports in South Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999 ............................................70 South Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One...............................................................................................71 South Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Two...............................................................................................72 South Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003...................................................................................73 South Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003 ............................................................................................................74 South Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003...............................................................................................75 South Asian Artillery Weapons in Key Powers in 2003.....................................................................................76 South Asian Artillery Strength in 2003..............................................................................................................77 South Asian Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003...............................................................................78 South Asian Rotary Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 ......................................................................................79 South Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003 .........................................................................................................80 South Asian Major Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003 ......................................................................81 Western Naval Combat Ships Affecting the Asian Balance in 2003 ..................................................................82

PART TEN: ARMS TRANSFERS.........................................................................................................................83 Major Arms Exporters from 1987 to 1999.........................................................................................................84 Regional and Major Exporter Share of World-Wide Arms Sale Agreements and Deliveries from 1990 to 200185 Comparative Arms Imports in South and East Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999 .............................86 Comparative Arms Imports in South and East Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999 ...........................87 Trends in Russian, Chinese, and North Korean Arms Exports vs. Total Exports from 1987 to 1999 ...............88 Russian and Chinese Arms Agreements to the Developing World as a Percent of Developing World Total ....89 Trends in Chinese Arms Exports and Imports versus Total Exports from 1987 to 1999...................................90 Trends in Chinese Arms Exports and Imports from 1987 to 1999.....................................................................91 Trends in Chinese Arms Deliveries and New Agreements with Developing World from 1989 to 1999 ............92 Percentage of Chinese New Agreements Going to Given Regions of the Developing World from 1986 to 200193 Chinese Deliveries of Actual Major Weapons to Developing Nations from 1986 to 2001................................94 Chinese Deliveries of Tactical Missiles from 1983 to 2001 ..............................................................................95 Trends in North Korean Arms Exports and Imports versus Total Exports from 1987 to 1999 .........................96 Trends in North Korean Arms Exports and Imports from 1987 to 1999 ...........................................................97

Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. No portion may be execerpted or reproduced without the written permission of the author and the payment of an agreed fee.

Part One:

Comparative Military Spending

China and the Asian Military Balance 6/9/2003 Page 2


Military Spending by the Major Powers in 1990, 1995, 1999 (Constant $US 1999 Billions)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990 370.0 353.0 57.7 37.5 43.5 40.5 48.0 22.0 28.0 10.2

1995 297.0 40.2 62.6 40.8 40.3 33.4 38.9 19.5 18.4 10.3

1999 281.0 35.0 88.9 43.2 38.9 32.6 36.5 23.7 21.2 11.6

US Russia China Japan France Germany UK Italy Saudi S. Korea

Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from US State Department, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, various editions, GPO, Washington.



World Defense Spending in 2001 (Spending In $US Billions)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

835.2 355.4 188.6 165.4 487.8 23.2 63.7 22.1 131.9 46.0 32.0 66.7 7.9

World US All Europe NATO Europe

Total NATO

Non-NATO Europe Russia Cen/South

Asia E. Asia China L. America MENA Sub Africa

Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Comparative Military Spending Trends in South and East Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999

(Constant $US 1999 Billions)

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

South As iaEas t As ia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

South As ia 11 12 11 12 11 12 12 12 13 15 15 17 17

Eas t As ia 118 123 131 138 135 139 142 143 151 159 169 178 182

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Military Spending Trends in South and East Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999

(Current $US Billions)

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

South AsiaEast Asia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

South Asia 9 9.5 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 14 15 17 17

East Asia 93 100 104 114 116 122 128 131 142 152 165 175 182

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Asian Defense Spending in 2001 (Spending In $US Billions)

2.4

1.8

10.4

4.3

1.1

2.4

0.7

1.1

0

3.2

0

11.2

2

39.5

0.9

14.2

46

0.2

6.8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Vietnam

Thailand

Taiwan

Singapore

Philippines

Pakistan

New Zealand

Myanmar

Mongolia

Malaysia

Laos

South Korea

North Korea

Japan

Indonesia

India

China

Cambodia

Australia




Defense Spending by the Major Asian Powers in 2001 (Spending In $US Billions)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

US$ bn 6.8 46 14.2 0.9 39.5 2 11.2 3.2 2.4 1.1 4.3 10.4 1.8 2.4

Australia China India Indonesia Japan North Korea

South Korea Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Vietnam




Part Two:

Comparative Military Forces



Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One (Manpower figures in thousands)

China Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan Thailand Vietnam India

Manpower Total Active 2,270 239.9 1,082 686 370 306 484 1,298 Regular 2,270 239.9 1,082 686 370 306 484 1,298 National Guard & Other - - - - - - - - Reserve 5-600 47 4,700 4,500 1,658 200 3-4,000 535 Paramilitary 1,500 12.25 189 4.5 26.65 113 40 1,089.7 Strategic Missile Force Manpower 100 - - - - - - - ICBM 20 - - - - - - - IRBM 130-150 - - - - - - - SSBN/SLBM 1 - - - - - - - Army and Guard Manpower

1,600 148.2 950 560 240 190 412 1,100

Regular Army Manpower 1,600 148.2 950 560 240 190 412 1,100Reserve Manpower - 45.1 600 - 1,500 - - 340 Total Main Battle Tanks 7,010 1,040 3,500 2,390 926 283 1,315 2,798a

Active AIFV/ Lt. Tanks 2,160 60 560 40 1,130 410 920 1,590Total APCs 4,360 830 2,500 2,582 950 1,003 1,380 160 Self Propelled Artillery 1,200 280 4,400 1,089 405 20 30 30Towed Artillery 14,000 480 3,500 3,500 1,110b 608 2,300 3,575MRLs 2,400 120 2,500 185 300 - 710 162Mortars - 1,220 7,500 6,000 5,000 1,900 - 7,000SSM Launchers - 100 64 12 - - - 3-5ATGW Launchers 6,500 674 - - 1,000 318 - - Air Force Manpower 420 45.6 86 63 68 48 30 145Air Defense Manpower 220 - - - - - - - Total Combat Aircraft 1,966 280 621 538 479 194 189 701Bombers 180 - 80 - - - - -Fighter/Attack 838 40 541c 468 386 133 65 510Fighter/Interceptor 948 180 - - 57 - 124 155Recce/FGA Recce 286 20 - 26 8 3 - 16COIN/OCU/CCT - 40 - 47 36 60 - 23AEW/C4I/EW/ELINT 4 35 - 7 8 3 - 7MR/MPA/ASW - - - - 4 - 4 10 Transport Aircraft 513 30 318 34 36 56 37 212Tanker Aircraft 8 - - - - - - 6 Total Helicopters 491 493 306 445 249 233 75 225Armed Helicopters 38 90 24 117 101 3 26 22 Major SAM Launchers 1,012 400 340 310 167 - - 1,210Light SAM Launchers - 540 - 780 74 - - 1,120AA Guns 23,700 80 11,000 600 400 336 13,000 2,424 Note: All totals for armored vehicles, artillery and MLRs include marine equipment, where applicable. Additionally, totals for helicopters, both armed and unarmed, include Army, National Guard and Royal Flights, but not Paramilitary or Navy. a: India is awaiting delivery of an additional 26 T-90S tanks. b: Taiwan’s total towed artillery includes 50 127mm coastal artillery. c: North Korea is assembling an additional 10 MiG-29 fighters.



Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Two (Manpower figures in thousands)

China Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan Thailand Vietnam India

Total Naval Manpower 250 44.4 46 63 62 68 42 53 Major Surface Combatants Carriers - - - - - 1 - 1 Destroyer – Guided Missile

21 39 - 6 11 - - 8

Other Destroyer - 5 - - - - - - Frigate Guided – Missile 42 9 - 9 21 8 - 4 Other Frigate - 1 3 - - 4 6 7 Patrol Craft Corvettes - - 6 24 - 5 1 24 Missile 93 5 43 5 59 6 12 6 Torpedo, Coastal, Offshore

134 - 128 - - 13 10 5

Inshore, Riverine 141 - 133 75 - 64 19 11 Submarines SSBN 1 - - - - - - - SSN 5 - - - - - - - SSG 1 - - - - - - - SSI/SSK 60 16 26 20 4 - 2 16 Mine Vessels 39 31 23 15 12 7 10 18 Amphibious Ships 56 8 10 12 18 9 6 7Landing Craft 285 15 260 36 10 51 30 10 Support Ships 163 28 7 14 32 16 30 32 Marine Manpower 10 - - 28 30 18 27 1 Naval Air Manpower 26 9.8 - - 5 1.7 - 5Naval Combat Aircraft 472 80 - 16 32 44 - 35 Bomber 68 - - - - - - - FGA 48 - - - 20 18 - 20 Fighter 328 - - - - 8 - - ASW/MR/MPA/Recce 15 80 - 21 53 43 - 83 Tanker 10 - - - - - - - Transport 66 - - - 10 4 - - Armed Helicopters 45 91 - 43 20 8 15 50 ASW Helicopters 45 81 - 43 20 8 15 53 SAR Helicopters - 20 - - 3 10 - - Mine Warfare Helicopters

- 10 - - - - - -

Other Helicopters 12 10 - 2 - 4 - - Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from interviews, International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance (IISS, London); various data available from Jane’s, and Military Technology, World Defense Almanac



US Forces in the Pacific – Part One Army Air Force Navy Marine Corps Pacific Command (PACOM) Headquartered at Hawaii Hawaii 15,700 3,550 7,500 5,760 USARPAC PACAF USPAC Fleet HQ Pacific 1 lt. Inf. Div 1 wing (ANG) HQ for (2 Lt. Inf. Bde) 15 F-15A/B 23 SSN . 4 C-130H 3 GC 8 KC-135R 4 DDG 2 FFG 4 Supt/Misc Japan 1,900 11,350 5,200 20,000 1 Corps HQ 1 AF HQ (5th) HQ 7th Fleet 1 MEF Support Units 84 Combat Aircraft Yokosuka 2 sqn 48 F-15C/D 1 CV 2 sqn 36 F-16 9 Surface Combatants 4 C-21 4 Amphibious ships 2 E-3A 1 MCM Squadron 10 C-130E/H 15 KC-135 4 C-9 8 HH-60 South Korea 29,100 7,600 300 140 1 Army HQ 1 AF HQ (7th) 1 Inf. Div. (Mech.) 84 Combat Aircraft (2 Bde/6 Bn) 3 sqn with 60 F-16 2 SP Arty Bn 1 sqn with 12 A-10 2 MLRS Bn. 1 sqn with 12 OA-10 1 AD Bn., 1 Egr. Bde. 1 Avn. Bn., 1 Patriot SAM Bn. 1 Air Cav Bn. (2 Atk. Hel. Bn.) Alaska 6,400 8,000 - - 1 Lt. Inf. Bde 1 AF HQ (11th) 2 sqn with 42 F-15C/D 1 sqn with 18 F-15E 1 sqn with 18 F-16 1 sqn with 12 A-10, 6 OA-10 1 sqn with 16 C-130H, 4 E-3B, 3 C-12 1 tanker wg with 8 KC-135R 1 SAR wg with (5 HH-60, 3 HC-130)



US Forces in the Pacific – Part Two Army Air Force Navy Marine Corps Australia - 70 40 - Commo facility 2 SEWS stations 1 SIGINT station Singapore - 34 90 - Supt sqn. Log. facilities Guam 30 1,580 1,850 - - 1 AF HQ (13th) MPS-3 (4 MPS ships w/ equip for1 MEB) Air station, commo & support Diego Garcia - 18 650 - MPS-2 (5 MPS ships w/ eqpt. for 1 MEB) air station, support facilities. San Diego - - 3rd Fleet HQ 1 MEF with 1 mne div US Pacific Fleet at Sea - - 140,400 men Headquarters, Main Base Pearl Harbor Other Bases: San Diego, CA., Bangor, Everett, Bremerton, WA. 3rd Fleet (HQ San Diego) Covers Eastern and Central Pacific, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, etc. Forces typically include 3 Carrier Battle Groups, 4 URGs, amphibious group. 7th Fleet (HQ Yokosuka, Japan) Covers Western Pacific, Japan, Philippines, ANZUS, and Indian Ocean. Forces typically include 1 Carrier Battle Group, 1 URGs, 1 amphibious readiness group/MEU (embarked), 2 MCM. Aircraft: 363 tactical, 200 helicopter, 77 P-3, 162 other, 200 Submarines Principal Surface Combatants Amphibious Ships SSBN 8 Carriers CVN/CV 6 LCC 2 SSGN - Cruisers 13 LHA 3 SSN 27 Guided Missile Destroyers 24 LHD 3 Guided Missile Frigates 15 LPD 6 LSD 8 LST 1 Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from data on Defenselink and the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Part Three:

Comparative Military Manpower



Military Manpower of Selected Major Powers in 2003 (In Thousands)

2270

1414

1298

1082

988.1

686620

520 514.85 484

389

296 260.4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

China US

India

N. Kore

a

Russia

S. Kore

a

Pakist

an Iran

Turkey Viet

Iraq*

German

y

France

Note: Manpower figures for Iraq reflect pre-war totals. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Top Ten in Military Spending Per Active Man & Woman in Uniform

(1999 Spending In $US 1999)

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000

US

Japan

UK

Luxem bourg

Canada

Netherlands

Aus tralia

Kuwait

Saudi Arabia

Denm ark

Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman US State Department, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1999-2000, Washington, GPO.



Asian Active Military Manpower in 2003 (In Thousands on Active Military by Service)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Vietnam

Thailand

Taiwan

Singapore

Phillipines

Pakistan

New Zealand

Myanmar

Mongolia

Malaysia

Laos

South Korea

North Korea

Japan

Indonesia

India

China

Cambodia

Australia

Army

Navy

Air Force

Guards

Strategic




Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

Strategic

Air Force

Marine

Navy

Army

Strategic - 100000 - - - - - - - - -

Air Force 13200 420000 27000 45600 86000 63000 68000 32198 30000 145000 45000

Marine - 10000 12000 - - 28000 30000 25788 27000 1000 1200

Navy 12570 240000 40000 44400 46000 35000 32000 140400 15000 52000 23800

Army 25150 1600000 230000 148200 950000 560000 240000 53170 412000 1100000 550000

Australia China Indonesia Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan US PACOM

Vietnam India Pakistan

Note: USPACOM total do not include the MEF (1 Marine division) based in the US. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Part Four:

Comparative Land Weapons



Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Vietnam

Thailand

Taiwan

Singapore

Phillipines

Pakistan

New Zealand

Myanmar

Mongolia

Malaysia

Laos

South Korea

North Korea

Japan

Indonesia

India

China

Cambodia

Australia

Note: India is awaiting delivery of an additional 26 T-90S tanks. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003 (Number of Tanks, OAFVs, APCs, Recce in Active Service)

0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0

V ie tna m

T ha i la nd

T a iw a n

S ing a p o re

P hi lip p ine s

P a k is ta n

N e w Z e a la nd

M ya nm a r

M o ng o lia

M a la ys ia

L a o s

S o u th K o re a

N o rth K o re a

J a p a n

Ind o ne s ia

Ind ia

C h ina

C a m b o d ia

A us tra lia

T a nk s

L t T a nk s

R e c c e

A IF V s

A P C s

Tanks Lt Tanks Recce AIFVs APCs Australia 71 - 111 - 364 Cambodia 150 20 - - 190 China 7010 1260 - 900 4360 India 2798 90 100 1500 160 Indonesia - 455 156 21 565 Japan 1040 - 90 60 830 North Korea 3500 560 - - 2500 South Korea 2390 - - 40 2582 Laos 25 10 - - 50 Malaysia - 26 394 - 816 Mongolia 370 - 120 310 150 Myanmar 100 105 115 - 270 New Zealand - - - - 41 Pakistan 2357 - - - 1181 Philippines - 40 - 85 479 Singapore 90 350 22 272 1280 Taiwan 926 905 - 225 950 Thailand 283 410 32 - 1003 Vietnam 1315 620 100 300 1380

Note: India is awaiting delivery of an additional 26 T-90S tanks. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Asian Land Weapons in Key Powers in 2003

0

50 00

100 00

150 00

200 00

250 00

300 00

350 00

MR Ls

Tow ed Arty

SP Arty

APC s

OAFVs

Tan ks

M R Ls - 2400 15 120 2500 185 300 - 710 162 45

T ow ed Arty 385 14000 333 480 3500 3500 1110 - 2300 3575 1467

SP Arty - 1200 - 280 4400 1089 405 45 30 30 240

APC s 364 4360 565 830 2500 2582 950 111 1380 160 1181

OAF Vs 111 2160 632 150 560 40 1130 126 1020 1690 -

T ank s 71 7010 - 1040 3500 2390 926 116 1315 2798 2357

Aus tralia C hina Indones ia J apan N . Korea S. Korea T aiw anU S

PAC OMVietnam India Pak is tan

Note: USPACOM SP Arty totals include MRLs and Towed Arty. USPACOM equipment listed here is only a portion of US equipment in South Korea and does not include equipment deployed elsewhere in theater. India is awaiting delivery of an additional 26 T-90S tanks. Taiwan’s total towed artillery includes 50 127mm coastal artillery. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Asian Artillery Strength in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

V ie tn a m

T h a i la n d

T a iw a n

S i n g a p o re

P h i li p p in e s

P a k i s ta n

N e w Z e a la n d

M ya n m a r

M o n g o li a

M a la ys ia

L a o s

S o u th K o re a

N o r th K o re a

J a p a n

In d o n e s ia

In d ia

C h i n a

C a m b o d ia

A u s tra li a

S e lf P r o p e lle d

T o w e d

M u lt ip le R o c k e t L a u n c h e r

Self Propelled Towed Multiple Rocket Launcher Australia - 385 - Cambodia - 400 28 China 1200 14000 2400 India 30 3575 162 Indonesia - 333 15 Japan 280 480 120 North Korea 4400 3500 2500 South Korea 1089 3500 185 Laos - 82 - Malaysia - 164 - Mongolia - 300 130 Myanmar - 278 30 New Zealand - 24 - Pakistan 240 1467 45 Philippines - 392 - Singapore - 206 - Taiwan 405 1110 300 Thailand 20 608 - Vietnam 30 2300 710

Note: Taiwan’s total towed artillery includes 50 127mm coastal artillery. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Part Five:

Comparative Air Weapons



Asian Fixed and Rotary Wing Combat Aircraft in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 0 0 0

V i e tn a m

T h a i la n d

T a i w a n

S i n g a p o r e

P h i li p p i n e s

P a k i s ta n

N e w Z e a la n d

M y a n m a r

M o n g o li a

M a la y s i a

L a o s

S o u th K o re a

N o r th K o re a

J a p a n

In d o n e s i a

In d i a

C h i n a

C a m b o d i a

A u s tr a li a

A r m y F ix e d W in g

N a v y F ix e d W in g

A ir F o r c e F ix e d W in g

A r m y H e l

N a v y H e l

A ir F o r c e H e l

Fixed Wing Helicopter Army Navy Air Force Army Navy Air Force

Australia - - 156 25 16 - Cambodia - - 24 - - - China - 472 1966 38 45 - India - 35 701 - 50 22 Indonesia - - 90 - 17 - Japan - 80 280 90 91 - North Korea - - 621 - - 24 South Korea - 16 538 117 43 - Laos - - 24 - - - Malaysia - - 95 - 6 - Mongolia - - - - - 11 Myanmar - - 113 - - 29 New Zealand - - 6 - 3 - Pakistan - 6 366 20 9 - Philippines - - 49 - - 67 Singapore - - 126 - - 28 Taiwan - 35 479 101 20 - Thailand - 44 194 3 8 - Vietnam - - 189 - 15 26

Note: Singapore has an additional 12 AH-64D on order for its Air Force. North Korea is assembling an additional 10 MiG-29 fighters. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Asian Fixed and Rotary Wing Combat Aircraft Holdings for Key Powers in 2003

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Armed Helicopter

Fixed Wing

Armed Helicopter 41 83 17 181 24 160 121 - 41 72 29

Fixed Wing 156 2438 90 360 621 554 511 440 189 736 372

Australia China Indonesia Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan US PACOM Vietnam India Pakistan

Note: North Korea is assembling an additional 10 MiG-29 fighters. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Part Six:

Comparative Naval Weapons



Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0

V i e tn a m

T h a i la n d

T a iw a n

S in g a p o re

P h i li p p in e s

P a k is ta n

N e w Z e a la n d

M ya n m a r

M o n g o lia

M a la ys ia

L a o s

S o u th K o re a

N o rth K o re a

J a p a n

In d o n e s ia

In d ia

C h in a

C a m b o d ia

A u s tra li a

S S N s

S u b m a rin e s

C a rr ie rs

D e s tro ye rs

F r ig a te s

C o rve tte s

M is s i le P a tro l

O th e r P a tro l

M in e

A m p h i b io u s

SSNs Submarines Carriers Destroyers Frigates Corvettes Missile Patrol Other Patrol Mine Amphibious Australia - 6 - - 9 - - 15 5 3 Cambodia - - - - - - - 4 - - China 5 61 - 21 42 - 93 275 39 56 India - 16 1 8 11 24 6 16 18 7 Indonesia - 2 - - 17 16 4 16 12 26 Japan - 16 - 44 10 - 5 - 31 8 North Korea - 26 - - 3 6 43 261 23 10 South Korea - 20 - 6 9 24 5 75 15 12 Laos - - - - - - - 16 - - Malaysia - - - - 4 6 8 27 4 1 Mongolia - - - - - - - - - - Myanmar - - - - - 2 6 60 - - New Zealand - - - - 3 - - 4 - - Pakistan - 10 - - 8 - 5 4 3 - Philippines - - - - 1 - - 58 - 7 Singapore - 2 - - - 6 6 12 4 5 Taiwan - 4 - 11 21 - 59 - 12 18 Thailand - - 1 - 12 5 6 77 7 9 Vietnam - 2 - - 6 1 12 29 10 6 Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Asian Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Amphibious

Mine

Missile Patrol

Major Surface

Submarines

Carriers

Amphibious 3 56 26 8 10 12 18 21 6 7 -

Mine 5 39 12 31 23 15 12 2 10 18 3

Missile Patrol - 93 4 5 43 5 59 - 12 6 5

Major Surface 9 63 17 54 3 15 32 54 6 19 8

Submarines 6 66 2 16 26 20 4 35 2 16 10

Carriers - - - - - - - 6 - 1 -

Australia China Indonesia Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan US PACOM Vietnam India Pakistan

Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Western Naval Combat Ships Affecting the Asian Balance in 2003

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

US 12 72 117 21 27 41

UK 3 16 32 20 23 5

Russia 1 53 31 88 60 22

Carriers Submarines Major Surface

Patrol Mine Amphibious




Part Seven:

Military Balance in Northeast Asia



Comparative Military Spending Trends in Northeast Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999

(Constant $US 1999 Millions)

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

North KoreaSouth Korea

TaiwanJapan

China0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

North Korea 7560 7570 7540 7180 5830 6270 5890 5990 6400 6280 6160 4360 4260

South Korea 9010 9600 9220 10200 9760 10300 10300 10400 10300 11900 12400 11400 11600

Taiwan 7080 8250 7520 8130 9220 9680 10900 10300 11500 11400 11800 13000 15200

Japan 32640 34080 36200 37500 38600 39300 39900 40200 40800 42400 43100 43000 43200

China 54400 55010 54400 57700 54900 57100 57900 58400 62600 67500 75100 87300 88900

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Military Spending Trends in Northeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999

(Current $US Millions)

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

North KoreaSouth Korea

TaiwanJapan

China0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

North Korea 5640 5840 6000 5940 5000 5500 5300 5500 6000 6000 6000 4300 4260

South Korea 6720 7400 7340 8430 8370 9000 9240 9580 9700 11300 12100 11300 11600

Taiwan 5280 6360 5990 6720 7910 8500 9820 9430 10800 10900 11500 12900 15200

Japan 24300 26300 28800 31100 33000 34500 35800 36900 38200 40500 42000 42400 43200

China 40500 42400 43300 47800 47100 50100 52100 53600 58700 64500 73200 86100 88900

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Arms Imports in Northeast Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999 (Constant $US 1999 Millions)

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

North KoreaChina

South KoreaTaiwan

Japan0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

North Korea 563 1297 755 242 117 171 134 142 85 10 10 0 30

China 972 635 692 484 397 1483 668 349 827 1571 504 609 675

South Korea 1006 973 1038 1150 1518 1368 1893 2291 2135 1676 1439 1725 2200

Taiwan 1536 1686 912 1210 1518 1254 1114 1091 1601 1780 9556 5481 2600

Japan 1341 1427 1509 1937 2453 2281 2116 2400 1922 2514 2672 2334 3000

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Arms Imports in Northeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

North KoreaChina

South KoreaTaiwan

Japan0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

North Korea 420 1000 600 200 100 150 120 130 80 10 10 0 30

China 725 490 550 400 340 1300 600 320 775 1500 490 600 675

South Korea 750 750 825 950 1300 1200 1700 2100 2000 1600 1400 1700 2200

Taiwan 1100 1300 725 1000 1300 1100 1000 1000 1500 1700 9300 5400 2600

Japan 1000 1100 1200 1600 2100 2000 1900 2200 1800 2400 2600 2300 3000

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Northeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One (Manpower figures in thousands)

China Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan

Manpower Total Active 2,270 239.9 1,082 686 370 Regular 2,270 239.9 1,082 686 370 National Guard & Other - - - - - Reserve 5-600 47 4,700 4,500 1,658 Paramilitary 1,500 12.25 189 4.5 26.65 Strategic Missile Force Manpower 100 - - - - ICBM 20 - - - - IRBM 130-150 - - - - SSBN/SLBM 1 - - - - Army and Guard Manpower 1,600 148.2 950 560 240Regular Army Manpower 1,600 148.2 950 560 240Reserve Manpower - 45.1 600 - 1,500 Total Main Battle Tanks 7,010 1,040 3,500 2,390 926Active AIFV/ Lt. Tanks 2,160 60 560 40 1,130Total APCs 4,360 830 2,500 2,582 950 Self Propelled Artillery 1,200 280 4,400 1,089 405Towed Artillery 14,000 480 3,500 3,500 1,110a

MRLs 2,400 120 2,500 185 300Mortars - 1,220 7,500 6,000 5,000SSM Launchers - 100 64 12 -ATGW Launchers 6,500 674 - - 1,000 Air Force Manpower 420 45.6 86 63 68Air Defense Manpower 220 - - - - Total Combat Aircraft 1,966 280 621 538 479Bombers 180 - 80 - -Fighter/Attack 838 40 541b 468 386Fighter/Interceptor 948 180 - - 57Recce/FGA Recce 286 20 - 26 8COIN/OCU/CCT - 40 - 47 36AEW/C4I/EW/ELINT 4 35 - 7 8MR/MPA/ASW - - - - 4 Transport Aircraft 513 30 318 34 36Tanker Aircraft 8 - - - - Total Helicopters 491 493 306 445 249Armed Helicopters 38 90 24 117 101 Major SAM Launchers 1,012 400 340 310 167Light SAM Launchers - 540 - 780 74AA Guns 23,700 80 11,000 600 400 Note: All totals for armored vehicles, artillery and MLRs include marine equipment, where applicable. Additionally, totals for helicopters, both armed and unarmed, include Army, National Guard and Royal Flights, but not Paramilitary or Navy. a: Taiwan’s total towed artillery includes 50 127mm coastal artillery. b: North Korea is assembling an additional 10 MiG-29 fighters.



Northeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One (Manpower figures in thousands)

China Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan

Total Naval Manpower 250 44.4 46 63 62 Major Surface Combatants Carriers - - - - - Destroyer – Guided Missile 21 39 - 6 11 Other Destroyer - 5 - - - Frigate Guided – Missile 42 9 - 9 21 Other Frigate - 1 3 - - Patrol Craft Corvettes - - 6 24 - Missile 93 5 43 5 59 Torpedo, Coastal, Offshore 134 - 128 - - Inshore, Riverine 141 - 133 75 - Submarines SSBN 1 - - - - SSN 5 - - - - SSG 1 - - - - SSI/SSK 60 16 26 20 4 Mine Vessels 39 31 23 15 12 Amphibious Ships 56 8 10 12 18Landing Craft 285 15 260 36 10 Support Ships 163 28 7 14 32 Marine Manpower 10 - - 28 30 Naval Air Manpower 26 9.8 - - 5Naval Combat Aircraft 472 80 - 16 32 Bomber 68 - - - - FGA 48 - - - 20 Fighter 328 - - - - ASW/MR/MPA/Recce 15 80 - 21 53 Tanker 10 - - - - Transport 66 - - - 10 Armed Helicopters 45 91 - 43 20 ASW Helicopters 45 81 - 43 20 SAR Helicopters - 20 - - 3 Mine Warfare Helicopters - 10 - - - Other Helicopters 12 10 - 2 - Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from interviews, International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance (IISS, London); various data available from Jane’s, and Military Technology, World Defense Almanac



Northeast Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

Strategic

Air Force

Marine

Navy

Army

Strategic 100000 - - - - -

Air Force 420000 45600 86000 63000 68000 32198

Marine 10000 - - 28000 30000 25788

Navy 240000 44400 46000 35000 32000 140400

Army 1600000 148200 950000 560000 240000 53170

China Japan N. Korea S. Korea Taiwan US PACOM

Note: USPACOM total do not include the MEF (1 Marine division) based in the US. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Northeast Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

North Korea

South Korea

USPACCOM

China

Taiwan

Japan

Tanks 3500 2330 116 7010 926 1040

North Korea South Korea USPACCOM China Taiwan Japan

Note: USPACOM equipment listed here is only a portion of US equipment in South Korea and does not include equipment deployed elsewhere in theater Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Northeast Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003 (Number of Tanks, OAFVs, APCs, Recce in Active Service)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

North Korea

South Korea

USPACCOM

China

Taiwan

Japan

Tanks

Lt Tanks

Recce

AIFVs

APCs

APCs 2500 2582 111 4160 950 830AIFVs - 40 126 1500 225 60Recce - - - - - 90Lt Tanks 560 - - 1260 905 -Tanks 3500 2390 116 7010 926 1040

North Korea South Korea USPACCOM China Taiwan Japan




Northeast Asian Land Weapons in 2003

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

MRLs

Towed Arty

SP Arty

APCs

OAFVs

Tanks

MRLs 2400 120 2500 185 300 0Towed Arty 14000 480 3500 3500 1110 0SP Arty 1200 280 4400 1089 405 45APCs 4160 830 2500 2582 950 111OAFVs 2760 150 560 40 1130 126Tanks 7010 1040 3500 2390 926 116


Note: USPACOM SP Arty totals include MRLs and Towed Arty. USPACOM equipment listed here is only a portion of US equipment in South Korea and does not include equipment deployed elsewhere in theater. Taiwan’s total towed artillery includes 50 127mm coastal artillery. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Northeast Asian Artillery Strength in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

China

Japan

North Korea

South Korea

Taiwan

USPACOM

Self Propelled

Towed

Multiple Rocket Launcher

Multiple Rocket Launcher 2400 120 2500 185 300 -Towed 14000 480 3500 3500 1110 -Self Propelled 1200 280 4400 1089 405 45

China Japan North Korea South Korea Taiwan USPACOM

Note: USPACOM SP Arty totals include MRLs and Towed Arty. USPACOM equipment listed here is only a portion of US equipment in South Korea and does not include equipment deployed elsewhere in theater. Taiwan’s total towed artillery includes 50 127mm coastal artillery. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Northeast Asian Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

China

Japan

N. Korea

S. Korea

Taiwan

USPACOMF-1 F-2

F-4 F-5

F-15 F-16

A-10/ OA-10 AT-3

Ching-Kuo Mirage

MiG-23 MiG-29

J-5 J-6

J-7 J-8

JH-7 H-5

H-6D SH-5

Y-8X P-3

S-2 Q-5

A-37B T-2

Su-7 Su-25

Su-27 Su-30

F-1 F-2 F-4 F-5 F-15 F-16 A-10 AT-3 Ching-Kuo Mirage MiG-23 MiG-29 J-5 J-6 J-7 China - - - - - - - - - - - - - 766 688 Japan 20 20 70 - 150 - - - - - - - - - - N. Korea - - - - - - - - - - 46 46a 107 159 130 S. Korea - - 148 215 - 153 - - - - - - - - - Taiwan - - - 90 - 146 - 58 128 57 - - - - - USPACOM - - - - 123 114 42 - - - - - - - -

J-8 JH-7 H-5 H-6D SH-5 Y-8X P-3 S-2 Q-5 A-37B T-2 Su-7 Su-25 Su-27 Su-30China 252 18 90 158 4 4 - - 330 - - - - 90 38 Japan - - - - - - 80 - - - 20 - - - - N. Korea - - 80 - - - - - - - - 18 35 - - S. Korea - - - - - - 8 8 - 22 - - - - - Taiwan - - - - - - - 32 - - - - - - - USPACOM - - - - - - 77 - - - - - - - - a: North Korea is assembling an additional 10 MiG-29 fighters. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Northeast Asian Rotary Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 10 0 1 2 0 1 40 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0

C h in a

Ja p a n

N . K o re a

S . K o re a

Ta iw a n

U S P AC OM

S -7 0 C - - - - 2 0 -

L yn x - - - 1 1 - -

S A-3 4 2 8 - - - - -

S A-3 2 1 1 5 - - - - -

S A-3 1 6 - - - 1 0 - -

AS-5 6 5 8 - - - - -

B O-1 0 5 - - - 1 2 - -

H u g h e s 50 0 MD - - - 6 7 - -

OH -5 8 D - - - - 3 9 -

MH -5 3 E - 1 0 - - - -

AH -1 - 9 0 - 6 0 6 2 -

S H -6 0 J - 6 9 - - - -

H S S-2 B - 1 2 - - - -

Mi-2 4 - - 2 4 - - -

K a-2 8 8 - - - - -

W Z-9 3 0 - - - - -

Z-9 6 - - - - -

Z-8 8 - - - - -

C h in a Ja p a n N . K ore a S . Ko re a Ta iw a n U S P AC OM




Northeast Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 200 400 600 800 1000

China

Japan

N. Korea

S. Korea

Taiwan

US PACOM

Landing Craft 285 13 260 36 325 -Amphibious 56 8 10 12 18 21Mine 39 31 23 15 12 2Other Patrol 275 - 261 75 - -Missile Patrol 93 5 43 5 59 -Corvettes - - 6 28 - -Frigates 42 10 3 9 21 15Cruisers - - - - - 13Destroyers 21 44 - 6 11 24Carriers - - - - - 6Submarines 61 16 26 20 4 35SSNs 5 - - - - 27SSBN 1 - - - - 8





Northeast Asian Major Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003

0

50

100

150

200

250

Missile Patroland Corvettes

Major Surface

Submarines

Carriers

Missile Patrol andCorvettes

93 3 49 33 59 -

Major Surface 63 54 3 15 32 54Submarines 66 16 26 20 4 35Carriers - - - - - 6






0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

US 12 72 117 21 27 41

UK 3 16 32 20 23 5

Russia 1 53 31 88 60 22






Part Eight:

Military Balance in Southeast Asia



Comparative Military Spending Trends in Southeast Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

LaosCambodia

New ZealandPhilippines

MalaysiaIndonesiaThaliand

SingaporeAustralia

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Laos - - 19 - - 80 75 51 55 48 44 74 28

Cambodia - - - - 205 303 222 334 308 395 364 337 332

New Zealand 1067 1139 866 841 761 649 681 576 617 599 618 655 587

Philippines 1067 1303 1290 1300 1240 1160 1350 1260 1070 1050 1140 1130 1110

Malaysia 1868 1191 1050 1110 1530 1530 1610 1740 1840 1760 1730 1200 1660

Indonesia 1919 1806 1340 1400 1480 1520 1580 1730 1850 2030 2390 1240 1450

Thaliand 2299 2258 1920 2040 2260 2540 2990 3030 3020 3160 2960 2230 2040

Singapore 2176 3059 1970 2230 2220 2690 3310 2790 3190 3370 3920 4470 4400

Australia 7800 7031 5830 6160 6800 6940 7630 7770 7600 7680 7040 7550 7060

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Military Spending Trends in Southeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

LaosCambodia

New ZealandPhilippines

MalaysiaIndonesiaThailand

SingaporeAustralia

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Laos - - 15 - - 70 67 46 51 46 43 73 28

Cambodia - - - - 176 266 200 306 289 378 354 332 332

New Zealand 794 875 866 841 761 649 681 576 617 599 618 655 587

Philippines 799 1010 1030 1070 1060 1020 1210 1160 1000 1000 1110 1110 1110

Malaysia 1390 915 837 921 1310 1340 1450 1600 1720 1680 1690 1180 1660

Indonesia 1430 1390 1070 1160 1270 1330 1420 1590 1740 1940 2330 1230 1450

Thailand 1720 1740 1530 1690 1930 2230 2690 2790 2840 3020 2890 2200 2040

Singapore 1630 1890 1570 1850 1900 2360 2980 2560 2990 3230 3820 4410 4400

Australia 5820 5420 4640 5100 5830 6090 6860 7130 7120 7340 6860 7440 7060

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Arms Imports in Southeast Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999 (Constant $US 1999 Millions)

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

LaosNew Zealand

CambodiaPhilippines

MalaysiaIndonesia

ThailandSingapore

Australia

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Laos 188 195 126 48 12 11 33 55 0 0 10 0 0

New Zealand 93 129 101 85 140 125 111 360 96 94 617 101 575

Cambodia 617 311 616 399 47 0 11 11 53 105 10 5 5

Philippines 80 117 126 169 222 274 100 229 149 189 154 132 110

Malays ia 93 65 113 85 175 285 423 1036 907 199 745 294 925

Indonesia 349 363 277 363 93 114 256 207 459 1021 421 355 450

Thailand 416 746 453 472 701 547 290 534 801 655 771 355 330

Singapore 442 441 314 387 537 342 323 502 438 461 432 736 950

Australia 1207 1686 1509 1452 1285 1026 1336 1091 1388 1362 1233 1624 1100

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Arms Imports in Southeast Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

LaosNew Zealand

CambodiaPhilippines

MalaysiaIndonesia

SingaporeThailand

Australia

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Laos 140 150 100 40 10 10 30 50 0 0 10 0 0

New Zealand 70 100 0 70 120 110 100 330 90 90 600 100 575

Cambodia 460 240 490 330 40 0 10 10 50 100 10 5 5

Philippines 60 90 100 140 190 240 90 210 140 180 150 130 110

Malays ia 70 50 90 70 150 250 380 950 850 190 725 290 925

Indonesia 260 20 220 300 80 100 230 190 430 975 410 350 450

Singapore 330 340 250 320 460 300 290 460 410 440 420 725 950

Thailand 310 575 360 390 600 480 260 490 750 625 750 350 330

Australia 900 1300 1200 1200 1100 900 1200 1000 1300 1300 1200 1600 1100

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One (Manpower figures in thousands)

Cambodia Laos Vietnam Thailand Malaysia Singapore Indonesia PhilippinesManpower Total Active 125 29.1 484 306 100 60.5 297 106 Regular 80 29.1 484 306 100 60.5 297 106 National Guard & Other 45 - - - - - - - Reserve - - 3-4,000 200 41.60 312.5 400 131 Paramilitary 67 100 40 113 20.1 96.3 195 44 Strategic Missile Force Manpower - - - - - - - - ICBM - - - - - - - - IRBM - - - - - - - - SSBN/SLBM - - - - - - - - Army and Guard Manpower 75 25.6 412 190 80 50 230 66Regular Army Manpower 75 25.6 412 190 80 50 230 66Reserve Manpower - - - - 40 300 - 100 Total Main Battle Tanks 150 25 1,315 283 - 90 - -Active AIFV/ Lt. Tanks 20 10 920 410 26 622 476 125Total APCs 190 50 1,380 1,003 816 1,280 565 479 Self Propelled Artillery - - 30 20 - - - -Towed Artillery 400 82 2,300 608 164 206 333 392MRLs 28 - 710 - - - 15 -Mortars - - - 1,900 300 62 875 40SSM Launchers - - - - - - - -ATGW Launchers - - - 318 - 30 - - Air Force Manpower 2 3.5 30 48 8 6 27 16Air Defense Manpower - - - - - - - - Total Combat Aircraft 24 24 189 194 95 126 90 49Bombers - - - - - - - -Fighter/Attack - 24 65 133 42 126 59 -Fighter/Interceptor 19 - 124 - 17 - 12 14Recce/FGA Recce 5 - - 3 15 8 12 24COIN/OCU/CCT 5 - - 60 21 - 7 15AEW/C4I/EW/ELINT - - - 3 - 6 - -MR/MPA/ASW - - 4 - 4 5 3 1 Transport Aircraft 5 15 37 56 30 5 72 35Tanker Aircraft - - - - 3 7 2 - Total Helicopters 18 27 75 233 70 89 111 107Armed Helicopters - - 26 3 - 28a - 67 Major SAM Launchers - - - - - - - -Light SAM Launchers - - - - 48 75 93 -AA Guns - - 13,000 336 60 30 465 - Note: All totals for armored vehicles, artillery and MLRs include marine equipment, where applicable. Additionally, totals for helicopters, both armed and unarmed, include Army, National Guard and Royal Flights, but not Paramilitary or Navy. a: Singapore has an additional 12 AH-64D attack helicopters on order.



Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Two (Manpower figures in thousands)

Cambodia Laos Vietnam Thailand Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Philippines

Total Naval Manpower 3 0.6 42 68 12 4.5 40 24 Major Surface Combatants Carriers - - - 1 - - - - Destroyer – Guided Missile

- - - - - - - -

Other Destroyer - - - - - - - - Frigate Guided – Missile - - - 8 2 - 10 - Other Frigate - - 6 4 2 - 7 1 Patrol Craft Corvettes - - 1 5 6 6 16 - Missile - - 12 6 8 6 4 - Torpedo, Coastal, Offshore

2 - 10 13 2 12 8 24

Inshore, Riverine 2 16 19 64 25 - 8 34 Submarines SSBN - - - - - - - - SSN - - - - - - - - SSG - - - - - - - - SSI/SSK - - 2 - - 2 2 - Mine Vessels - - 10 7 4 4 12 - Amphibious Ships - - 6 9 1 5 26 7Landing Craft - - 30 51 115 36 65 39 Support Ships - - 30 16 4 3 15 11 Marine Manpower 1.5 - 27 18 - - 12 7.5 Naval Air Manpower - - - 1.7 0.16 - 1 -Naval Combat Aircraft - - - 44 - - - - Bomber - - - - - - - - FGA - - - 18 - - - - Fighter - - - 8 - - - - ASW/MR/MPA/Recce - - - 43 - - 37 - Tanker - - - - - - - - Transport - - - 4 - - 11 4 Armed Helicopters - - 15 8 6 - 17 - ASW Helicopters - - 15 8 6 - 9 - SAR Helicopters - - - 10 - - - 4 Mine Warfare Helicopters - - - - - - - - Other Helicopters - - - 4 - - 45 - b: These helicopters are under the command of the People’s Air Force. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from interviews, International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance (IISS, London); various data available from Jane’s, and Military Technology, World Defense Almanac



Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Three (Manpower figures in thousands)

Australia New Zealand

Manpower Total Active 50.92 8.71 Regular 50.92 8.71 National Guard & Other - - Reserve 20.3 5.87 Paramilitary - - Strategic Missile Force Manpower - - ICBM - - IRBM - - SSBN/SLBM - - Army and Guard Manpower 25.15 4.53 Regular Army Manpower 25.15 4.53 Reserve Manpower 16.2 5.46 Total Main Battle Tanks 71 - Active AIFV/ Lt. Tanks - - Total APCs 364 43 Self Propelled Artillery - - Towed Artillery 385 24 MRLs - - Mortars 296 50 SSM Launchers - - ATGW Launchers - 24 Air Force Manpower 13.2 2.2 Air Defense Manpower - - Total Combat Aircraft 156 6 Bombers - - Fighter/Attack - - Fighter/Interceptor 71 - Recce/FGA Recce 35 - COIN/OCU/CCT 33 - AEW/C4I/EW/ELINT 3 - MR/MPA/ASW 17 6 Transport Aircraft 64 7 Tanker Aircraft 4 - Total Helicopters 104 19 Armed Helicopters 25 - Major SAM Launchers - - Light SAM Launchers 35 12 AA Guns - - Note: All totals for armored vehicles, artillery and MLRs include marine equipment, where applicable. Additionally, totals for helicopters, both armed and unarmed, include Army, National Guard and Royal Flights, but not Paramilitary or Navy.



Southeast Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Four (Manpower figures in thousands)

Australia New Zealand

Total Naval Manpower 12.57 1.98 Major Surface Combatants Carriers - - Destroyer – Guided Missile - - Other Destroyer - - Frigate Guided – Missile 6 - Other Frigate 3 3 Patrol Craft Corvettes - - Missile - - Torpedo, Coastal, Offshore 15 - Inshore, Riverine - 4 Submarines SSBN - - SSN - - SSG - - SSI/SSK 6 - Mine Vessels 5 - Amphibious Ships 3 - Landing Craft 24 - Support Ships 13 5 Marine Manpower - - Naval Air Manpower 0.99 - Naval Combat Aircraft - - Bomber - - FGA - - Fighter - - ASW/MR/MPA/Recce 2 - Tanker - - Transport - - Armed Helicopters 16 3 ASW Helicopters 16 5 SAR Helicopters 7 - Mine Warfare Helicopters - - Other Helicopters 12 - Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from interviews, International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance (IISS, London); various data available from Jane’s, and Military Technology, World Defense Almanac



Southeast Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

Strategic

Air Defense

Air Force

Marine

Navy

Army

Strategic - - - - - - - - -Air Defense - - - - - - - - -Air Force 13200 2000 27000 3500 8000 2200 16000 6000 48000Marine - 1500 12000 600 - - 7500 - 18000Navy 12570 1500 28000 - 12000 1980 16500 4500 50000Army 25150 75000 230000 25000 80000 4530 66000 50000 190000

Australia Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Thailand




Southeast Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Australia

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Thaliand

Tanks 71 150 - 25 - - - 90 283

Australia Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia New Zealand

Philippines Singapore Thaliand




Southeast Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003 (Number of Tanks, OAFVs, APCs, Recce in Active Service)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Australia

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

TanksLt TanksRecceAIFVsAPCs

APCs 364 190 565 50 816 41 479 1280 1003

AIFVs - - 21 - - - 85 272 -

Recce 111 - 156 - 394 - - 22 32

Lt Tanks - 20 455 10 26 - 40 350 410

Tanks 71 150 - 25 - - - 90 283

Australia Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia New Zealand

Philippines Singapore Thailand




Southeast Asian Artillery Weapons in Key Powers in 2003

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

MRLs

Towed Arty

SP Arty

APCs

OAFVs

Tanks

MRLs - 28 15 - - - - - -Towed Arty 385 400 333 82 164 24 392 206 608SP Arty - - - - - - - - 20APCs 364 190 565 50 816 41 479 1280 1003OAFVs 111 20 632 10 420 - 125 644 442Tanks 71 150 - 25 - - - 90 283





Southeast Asian Artillery Strength in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Australia

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Thaliand

Self Propelled

Towed


Multiple Rocket Launcher - 28 15 - - - - - -Towed 385 400 333 82 164 24 392 206 608Self Propelled - - - - - - - - 20

Australia Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Thaliand




Southeast Asian Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 50 100 150 200 250

Australia

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

F-5 F-16F-27 MPA F-111F/A-18 A-4A-7 AU-23ADo-228 N-22O-1G OV-10P-3 S-2C-212 T-337PC-7 S-211Alphajet L-39Hawk Mk 53 Hawk Mk 108Hawk Mk 109 Hawk Mk 127Hawk Mk 208 Hawk Mk 209MB-339 MiG-21MiG-29 Harrier

F-5 F-16 F-27 F-111 F/A-18 A-4 A-7 AU-23A N-22 OV-10 P-3 S-2 PC-7 C-212Australia - - - 35 71 - - - - - 17 - - - Cambodia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Indonesia 12 10 - - - 14 - - - 12 - - - - Laos - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Malaysia 15 - - - 8 - - - - - - - 21 - New Zealand - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - Philippines 14 - 1 - - - - - - 20 - - - - Singapore 37 49 - - - 40 - - - - - - - - Thailand 49 50 3 - - - 18 22 5 18 3 6 - 2 S-211 Alphajet L-39 Hawk 53 Hawk 108 Hawk 109 Hawk 127 Hawk 208 Hawk 209 MB-339 MiG-21 MiG-29 AV-8BAustralia - - - - - - 33 - - - - - - Cambodia - - 5 - - - - - - 19 - - Indonesia - - - 7 - 7 - - 28 - - - - Laos - - - - - - - - - - 24 - - Malaysia - - - - 8 - - 17 - 9 - 17 - New Zealand - - - - - - - - - - - - - Philippines 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - Singapore - - - - - - - - - - - - - Thailand - 20 34 - - - - - - - - - 8 Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Southeast Asian Rotary Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Australia

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Thaliand

AH-1F - - - - - - - - 3AH-64D - - - - - - - 8 -AS 550A2 - - - - - - - 20 -Wasp HAS-1 - - 9 - 6 - - - -NBO-105 - - 6 - - - - - -NAS-332F - - - - - - - - -Hughes 500 - - - - - - - - -AUH-76 - - - - - - 12 - -Bell U-1H 25 - - - - - 55 - -Bell 412 - - 2 - - - - - -Bell 212 - - - - - - - - 8SH-2F - - - - - 3 - - -S-70 16 - - - - - - - -

Australia Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Thaliand

Note: Singapore has an additional 12 AH-64D on order. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



Southeast Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Australia

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

New Zealand

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Landing Craft 24 - 65 - 115 - 39 36 51Amphibious 3 - 26 - 1 - 7 5 9Mine 5 - 12 - 4 - - 4 7Other Patrol 15 4 16 16 27 4 58 12 77Missile Patrol - - 4 - 8 - - 6 6Corvettes - - 16 - 6 - - 6 5Frigates 9 - 17 - 4 3 1 - 12Cruisers - - - - - - - - -Destroyers - - - - - - - - -Carriers - - - - - - - - 1Submarines 6 - 2 - - - - 2 -SSNs - - - - - - - - -





Southeast Asian Major Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Missile Patrol andCorvettesMajor Surface

Submarines

Carriers

Missile Patrol and Corvettes - - 20 - 14 - - 12 11Major Surface 9 - 17 - 4 3 1 - 12Submarines 6 - 2 - - - - 2 -Carriers - - - - - - - - 1






0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

US 12 72 117 21 27 41

UK 3 16 32 20 23 5

Russia 1 53 31 88 60 22






Part Nine:

Military Balance in South Asia



Comparative Military Spending Trends in South Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

AfghanistanBangladesh

Sri LankaMyanmar

PakistanIndia

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Afghanistan - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Bangladesh 361 366 350 354 388 434 465 468 461 504 552 589 624

Sri Lanka 298 460 303 - 340 399 482 438 691 674 714 668 729

Myanmar - - - - 2640 3370 3780 3530 4500 4040 4370 4440 4650

Pakistan 2976 3018 2630 2960 3050 3420 3390 3450 3250 3360 3160 3810 3520

India 7893 8139 7720 7460 6900 6830 7700 7440 7940 9890 10300 11300 11300

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Military Spending Trends in South Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

AfghanistanBangladesh

Sri LankaMyanmar

PakistanIndia

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Afghanistan - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Bangladesh 269 283 278 293 332 381 418 430 432 482 537 580 624

Sri Lanka 222 354 242 - 292 350 433 402 648 644 695 659 729

Myanmar - - - - 2270 2950 3400 3240 4220 3860 4250 4380 4650

Pakistan 2220 2320 2090 2450 2620 3010 3040 3160 3050 3210 3080 3760 3520

India 5890 6270 6140 6170 5910 6000 6930 6830 7450 9460 10000 11200 11300

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Arms Imports in South Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Sri LankaBangladesh

MyanmarPakistan

AfghanistanIndia

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Sri Lanka 67 26 13 12 70 11 33 120 181 73 92 132 40

Bangladesh 67 78 151 48 82 46 33 33 85 21 92 10 80

Myanmar 27 26 25 133 467 171 145 109 149 84 288 132 60

Pakistan 469 635 692 1452 642 713 696 360 587 251 504 584 1000

Afghanistan 1877 3373 4779 4236 2219 0 6 22 21 52 5 0 0

India 4023 4281 3747 2179 1168 770 434 218 560 419 719 457 700

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Arms Imports in South Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999


1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Sri Lanka

Myanmar

Afghanistan0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Sri Lanka 50 20 10 10 60 10 30 110 170 70 90 130 40

Bangladesh 50 60 120 40 70 40 30 30 80 20 90 10 80

Myanmar 20 20 20 110 400 150 130 100 140 80 280 130 60

Pakistan 350 490 550 1200 550 625 625 330 550 240 490 575 1000

Afghanistan 1400 2600 3800 3500 1900 0 5 20 20 50 5 0 0

India 3000 3300 3000 1800 1000 675 390 200 525 400 700 450 700

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




South Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part One (Manpower figures in thousands)

India Pakistan Bangladesh Afghanistan Myanmar Sri Lanka

Manpower Total Active 1,298 620 137 75a 444 157.9 Regular 1,298 620 137 63a 444 157.9 National Guard & Other - - - 12a - - Reserve 535 513 - - - 5.5 Paramilitary 1,089.7 291.5 63.2 70a 100.25 88.6 Strategic Missile Force Manpower - - - - - - ICBM - - - - - - IRBM - - - - - - SSBN/SLBM - - - - - Army and Guard Manpower 1,100 550 120 55a 325 118Regular Army Manpower 1,100 550 120 55a 325 118Reserve Manpower 340 500 - - - 1.1 Total Main Battle Tanks 2,798c 2,357 200 -b 100 62Active AIFV/ Lt. Tanks 1,590 - 40 -b 105 62Total APCs 160 1,181 150 -b 270 217 Self Propelled Artillery 30 240 - -b - -Towed Artillery 3,575 1,467 140 -b 278 165MRLs 162 45 - -b 30 22Mortars 7,000 1,200 50 -b 80 784SSM Launchers 3-5 142 - -b - -ATGW Launchers - 800 - -b - - Air Force Manpower 145 45 6.5 8a 9 19.3Air Defense Manpower - - - - - - Total Combat Aircraft 701 366 83 5 113d 22Bombers - - - - - -Fighter/Attack 510 110 65 5 22 22Fighter/Interceptor 155 202 - - 60 -Recce/FGA Recce 16 11 - - - COIN/OCU/CCT 23 40 18 - 31 -AEW/C4I/EW/ELINT 7 2 - - - -MR/MPA/ASW 10 - - - - - Transport Aircraft 212 30 3 - 14 26Tanker Aircraft 6 - - - - - Total Helicopters 225 141 27 13 66 45Armed Helicopters 22 20 - 5 29 24 Major SAM Launchers 1,210 30 - -b - -Light SAM Launchers 1,120 1,400 - -b - -AA Guns 2,424 2,000 16 -b 46 27 Note: All totals for armored vehicles, artillery and MLRs include marine equipment, where applicable. Additionally, totals for helicopters, both armed and unarmed, include Army, National Guard and Royal Flights, but not Paramilitary or Navy. a: These figures are the proposed Afghan national army and security forces. b: Current data is unavailable due to recent combat. c: India is awaiting delivery of an additional 26 T-90S tanks. d: Myanmar is awaiting delivery of an additional 10 MiG-29 fighters.



South Asian Military Forces in 2003 - Part Two (Manpower figures in thousands)


Total Naval Manpower 53 25 10.5 - 10 20.6 Major Surface Combatants Carriers 1 - - - - - Destroyer – Guided Missile 8 - - - - - Other Destroyer - - - - - - Frigate Guided – Missile 4 6 2 - - - Other Frigate 7 2 3 - - - Patrol Craft Corvettes 24 - - - 2 - Missile 6 5 10 - 11 2 Torpedo, Coastal, Offshore 5 3 14 - 13 13 Inshore, Riverine 11 1 9 - 47 46 Submarines SSBN - - - - - - SSN - - - - - - SSG - - - - - - SSI/SSK 16 10 - - - - Mine Vessels 18 3 4 - - - Amphibious Ships 7 - - - - 1Landing Craft 10 - 14 - 11 9 Support Ships 32 9 8 - 9 - Marine Manpower 1 1.2 - - 0.8 - Naval Air Manpower 5 - - - - -Naval Combat Aircraft 35 6 - - - - Bomber - - - - - - FGA 20 - - - - - Fighter - - - - - - ASW/MR/MPA/Recce 83 7 - - - - Tanker - - - - - - Transport - 3 - - - - Armed Helicopters 50 9 - - - - ASW Helicopters 53 9 - - - - SAR Helicopters - 4 - - - - Mine Warfare Helicopters - - - - - - Other Helicopters - 5 - - - - Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from interviews, International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance (IISS, London); various data available from Jane’s, and Military Technology, World Defense Almanac



South Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers in 2003

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

Strategic

Air Defense

Air Force

Marine

Navy

Army

Strategic - - - - - -Air Defense - - - - - -Air Force 145000 45000 6500 8000 9000 19300Marine 1000 1200 - - 800 -Navy 52000 23800 10500 - 9200 20600Army 1100000 550000 120000 55000 325000 118000


Note: The figures for Afghanistan are the proposed national army and security forces. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



South Asian Main Battle Tanks in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

India

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Myanmar

Sri Lanka

Tanks 2798 2357 200 - 100 62


Note: India is awaiting delivery of an additional 26 T-90S tanks. Current data for Afghan equipment totals are unavailable due to recent combat. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



South Asian Armored Fighting Vehicles in 2003 (Number of Tanks, OAFVs, APCs, Recce in Active Service)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

India

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Myanmar

Sri LankaTanks

Lt Tanks

Recce

AIFVs

APCs

APCs 160 1181 150 - 270 217AIFVs 1500 - - - - 62Recce 100 - - - 115 15Lt Tanks 90 - 40 - 105 -Tanks 2798 2357 200 - 100 62





South Asian Artillery Weapons in Key Powers in 2003

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

MRLs

Towed Arty

SP Arty

APCs

OAFVs

Tanks

MRLs 162 45 - - 30 22Towed Arty 3575 1467 140 - 278 165SP Arty 30 240 - - - -APCs 160 1181 150 - 270 217OAFVs 1690 - 40 - 220 77Tanks 2798 2357 200 - 100 62





South Asian Artillery Strength in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

India

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Myanmar

Sri Lanka

Self Propelled

Towed


Multiple Rocket Launcher 162 45 - - 30 22Towed 3575 1467 140 - 278 165Self Propelled 30 240 - - - -


Note: Current data for Afghan equipment totals are unavailable due to recent combat. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



South Asian Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0

In d ia

P ak is t a n

B an g lad esh

Afg h an is t a n

M ya n m a r

Sr i L a n k aFT -5 F-6F-7 F-1 6A-5 L -3 9 ZAM iG-2 1 M iG-2 3M iG-2 5 M iG-2 7M iG-2 9 Q-5M FI -1 7 B S u -3 0Ja g u a r S M ir a g e K f i r S ea H a r r ierP C-7 P C-9Su p er Ga leb T -6 0Tu -1 4 2 F I l -3 8At lan t i c P -3 C

FT-5 F-6 F-7 F-16 A-5 L-39ZA MiG-21 MiG-23 MiG-25

India - - - - - - 286 78 7 Pakistan - - 127 32 - - - - - Bangladesh - 26 23 - 18 8 - - - Afghanistan - - - - - - 5 - - Myanmar - - 60 - 22 - - - - Sri Lanka 2 - 4 - - - - 1 -

MiG-27 MiG-29 Q-5 MFI-17B Su-30 Jaguar S Mirage Kfir Sea Harrier

India 135 72 - - 28 55 40 - 20 Pakistan - - 42 40 - - 125 - - Bangladesh - 8 - - - - - - - Afghanistan - - - - - - - - - Myanmar - - - - - - - - - Sri Lanka 4 - - - - - - 11 -

PC-7 PC-9 Super Galeb T-60 Tu-142F Il-38 Atlantic P-3C

India - - - 2 8 5 - - Pakistan - - - - - - 3 3 Bangladesh - - - - - - - - Afghanistan - - - - - - - - Myanmar 12 9 10 - - - - - Sri Lanka - - - - - - - - Note: Myanmar has an additional 10 MiG-29 fighters on order. Source: Adapted by Anthony H. Cordesman from the IISS, The Military Balance, 2002-2003.



South Asian Rotary Combat Aircraft by Type in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

India

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Myanmar

Sri Lanka

Bell 212 - - - - - 10Mi-35 2 - - - - 13Mi-25 20 - - - - -Mi-24 - - - 5 - 1Mi-17 - - - 11 -Mi-8 - - - - -Mi-2 - - - - 18 -Lynx HAS Mk-3 - 3 - - - -AH-1F - 20 - - - -Ka-28 8 - - - - -Ka-25 5 - - - - -Sea Sprite - 6 - - - -Sea King 12 - - - - -SA-319 25 - - - - -





South Asian Naval Combat Ships in 2003 (Number in Active Service)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

India

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Myanmar

Sri Lanka

Landing Craft 10 - 14 - 11 9Amphibious 7 - - - - 1Mine 18 3 4 - - -Other Patrol 16 4 25 - 60 59Missile Patrol 6 5 10 - 11 2Corvettes 24 - - - 2 -Frigates 11 8 5 - - -Cruisers - - - - - -Destroyers 8 - - - - -Carriers 1 - - - - -Submarines 16 10 - - - -SSNs - - - - - -





South Asian Major Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers in 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Missile Patroland Corvette

Major Surface

Submarines

Carriers

Missile Patrol and Corvette 30 5 10 - 13 2Major Surface 19 8 5 - - -Submarines 16 10 - - - -Carriers 1 - - - - -






0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

US 12 72 117 21 27 41

UK 3 16 32 20 23 5

Russia 1 53 31 88 60 22






Part Ten:

Arms Transfers



Major Arms Exporters from 1987 to 1999 (Constant $US 1999 Millions)

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

North Korea

China

Germany

FranceUK

Western EuropeEastern Europe

FSU/ RussiaNATO Europe

EuropeUS

NATO

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

North Korea 537 908 528 254 257 194 200 76 64 115 92 101 140

China 2280 3762 3521 2784 1635 1254 1225 764 747 655 1028 660 320

Germany 2012 2206 1509 1937 2920 1368 1893 1745 2242 1990 1233 1421 1900

France 3487 2075 3144 6294 2453 2395 1782 2836 2882 3770 6371 6699 2900

UK 6303 5708 6288 5568 5723 7070 5122 5672 5551 6808 6987 3857 5200

Western Europe 16217 14277 13430 16240 13160 14300 11010 12890 13270 15090 17970 14360 11620

Eastern Europe 36888 33522 27470 18760 8445 3227 4365 2656 4681 3912 4172 3192 4380

FSU/ Russia 23709 22683 24520 17550 7358 2885 3964 2078 4334 3645 3864 2811 4030

NATO Europe 11198 9910 12070 15090 11940 12350 9855 11510 11990 13710 16570 13050 10930

Europe 53105 47798 40900 35000 21600 17530 15380 15540 17960 19000 22140 17550 16000

US 24007 23217 21760 26510 30600 28620 28280 24220 24450 23880 32570 27400 33000

NATO 39002 36046 34480 42360 43220 41970 38810 36330 37130 38190 49790 40930 44480

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Regional and Major Exporter Share of World-Wide Arms Sale Agreements and Deliveries from 1990 to 2001


0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

Rest of World 8700 8400 6600 8700 8200 7100Other Europe 6600 10400 13600 6600 14800 10000Italy 2000 1900 2100 2000 900 1300Germany 6200 2600 10700 6200 6800 4900China 3900 3200 4800 3900 3200 2200UK 8900 7500 4300 8900 23800 18400France 18200 18600 11800 18200 14700 13700Russia 23200 19400 20500 23200 11000 12300US 54474 38850 52358 54474 60616 57816

Agree: 90-93

Agree: 94-97

Agree: 98-01 . Deliv: 90-

93Deliv: 94-

97Deliv: 98-

01

Source: Richard F. Grimmett, Conventional Arms Transfers to the Developing Nations, Congressional Research Service, various editions.



Comparative Arms Imports in South and East Asia in Current Dollars from 1987 to 1999


19871988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

South AsiaEast Asia

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

South Asia 4850 6490 7480 6560 3580 1350 1080 700 1345 780 1375 1165 1820East Asia 7555 7895 6835 6960 7270 7290 6755 8310 9145 9840 1673012140 11430

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Comparative Arms Imports in South and East Asia in Constant Dollars from 1987 to 1999


19871988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

South Asia

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

South Asia 6504 8419 9407 7940 4181 1540 1203 764 1436 817 1413 1182 1820East Asia 10131 10242 8596 8424 8491 8314 7522 9064 9763 10310 1719012320 11430

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Trends in Russian, Chinese, and North Korean Arms Exports vs. Total Exports from 1987 to 1999


1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

North KoreaDeveloping

ChinaRussia

USNATO

World

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000 North KoreaDevelopingChinaRussiaUSNATOWorld

North Korea 537 908 528 254 257 194 200 76 64 115 92 101 140Developing 6155 8426 5710 3867 2622 2121 2082 1942 2295 1655 2774 1766 1975China 2280 3762 3521 2784 1635 1254 1225 764 747 655 1028 660 320Russia 30976 28667 24520 17550 7358 2851 3897 1854 3736 3142 2672 2233 3100US 24007 23217 21760 26510 30600 28620 28280 24220 24450 23880 32570 27400 33000NATO 39002 36046 34480 42360 43220 41970 38810 36330 37130 38190 49790 40930 44480World 93893 80632 70473 67163 56178 49914 47411 43510 46087 45811 58446 47513 51570

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Russian and Chinese Arms Agreements to the Developing World as a Percent of Developing World Total

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

ChinaRussia

US0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

China 1.81 2.02 3.64 1.1 4.31 7.47 4.17 10.58 2.22 3.76Russia 5.06 4.85 15.94 36.15 19.63 18.95 12.5 13.96 29.63 35.72US 45.02 48.36 30.34 22.77 32.03 18.45 38.11 34.85 46.29 43.59

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001




Trends in Chinese Arms Exports and Imports versus Total Exports from 1987 to 1999 (Constant $US 1999 Millions)

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Arms ImportsArms Exports

Total Exports

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

Arms Imports 972 635 692 484 397 1483 668 349 827 1571 504 609 675Arms Exports 2280 3762 3521 2784 1635 1254 1225 764 747 655 1028 660 320Total Exports 52889 61644 66070 74160 83990 96870 101300 132000 158800 158400 187900 186300 195200

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Trends in Chinese Arms Exports and Imports from 1987 to 1999 (Constant $US 1999 Millions)

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Arms Imports 972 635 692 484 397 1483 668 349 827 1571 504 609 675Arms Exports 2280 3762 3521 2784 1635 1254 1225 764 747 655 1028 660 320

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Trends in Chinese Arms Deliveries and New Agreements with Developing World from 1989 to 1999


1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

AgreementsDeliveries

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Agreements 1759 2539 700 570 556 654 213 1046 1334 913 2600Deliveries 3518 2781 1633 1139 1112 763 746 628 1026 608 300

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Percentage of Chinese New Agreements Going to Given Regions of the Developing World from 1986 to 2001

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Africa 4.72 5.26 9.38 20.93 3.41 7.27 9.68 26.32Latin America 0 0 3.13 0 0 0 3.23 0Near East 76.42 50 40.63 16.28 86.36 54.55 35.48 21.05Asia 18.87 44.74 46.88 62.79 10.23 38.18 51.61 52.63

Agree: 86-89

Agree: 90-93

Agree: 94-97

Agree: 98-01

Deliv: 86-89

Deliv: 90-93

Deliv: 94-97

Deliv: 98-01




Chinese Deliveries of Actual Major Weapons to Developing Nations from 1986 to 2001

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

4 500

5 000

Subm arine s 2 0 0 0 0

C om ba t Sh ips 33 20 35 3 6 26

Othe r C om ba t 80 30 0 0 0

Supe rs on ic C om ba t 95 80 90 8 0 60

OAFVs 1 190 670 40 9 0 400

Artille ry 1 410 2120 2090 1 00 190

Tanks /SP Guns 1 590 210 500 1 70 290

1983 -1 986 1 986 -1989 199 0 -1993 1994 -19 97 1 998 -2001




Chinese Deliveries of Tactical Missiles from 1983 to 2001

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Anti-Ship 175 210 120 240 120Surface-to-Surface 1010 100 170 0 0Surface-to-Air 350 720 330 560 510

1983-1986 1986-1989 1990-1993 1994-1997 1998-2001




Trends in North Korean Arms Exports and Imports versus Total Exports from 1987 to 1999


1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999


Total Exports

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Arms Imports 563 1297 755 242 117 171 134 142 85 10 10 0 30Arms Exports 537 908 528 254 257 194 200 76 64 115 92 101 140Total Exports 2749 3113 - 2445 1197 1483 1358 1353 859 1041 890 690 625

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999




Trends in North Korean Arms Exports and Imports from 1987 to 1999


1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Arms Imports 563 1297 755 242 117 171 134 142 85 10 10 0 30Arms Exports 537 908 528 254 257 194 200 76 64 115 92 101 140

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999


Asian Military Balance 2003(CSIS)

Documents

Transcript of Asian Military Balance 2003(CSIS)