Asian Journal Aug 27 - Sept 3, 2010

8/8/2019 Asian Journal Aug 27 - Sept 3, 2010

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}hlf }efx iv|} qgx jgh{ pg`f|"`hzf `ccm efgb}ex pc{dhn`lcnmh}hcn| gnm kfnf}|" fnm}ef q{hlf uhn` lg{}fb|" gnm`hzf |igbb jg{if{| gllf|| }cig{df}|. ]ef N@C|" g`fn}| cj legn`f" nffm }c pc{d }c`f}ef{ jc{ }eh| legn`f }c lcif gkcv}.H} h| kx |eg{hn` cv{ dncpb)fm`f gnm fuqf{hfnlf" hn|hè}|gnm vnmf{|}gnmhn`" jgh}e" gnm

bczf cj nfhèkc{ }eg} pf lgnfiqcpf{ fgle c}ef{" gnmigdf }eh| g |gjf gnm egqqhf{ lcvn}{x hn |cbhmg{h}x ph}e cv{ hn}f{ng}hcngb |vqqc{}f{|.

Jgh{)}{gmf h| jc{ v| ic{f}egn kvx gnm |fbbhn` q{cmvl}|g} jgh{ q{hlf|. H} h| ivle ic{f.H} h| pc{dhn` jc{ }ef fnegnlf)ifn} cj evign mh`nh}x"

q{c}fl}hn` }ef zvbnf{gkbf gnmfuqbch}fm qfcqbf. Nc}ehn`mfevignhf| qfcqbf g| ivleg| gkofl} qczf{}x gnm evn`f{.

Kflgv|f cj vnov|} }{gmf"`{ffm" |fb|enf|| gnm h{{f)|qcn|hkbf czf{nifn}" pg{ gnm lbhig}f legn`f" }ef{f g{f7.1; Khbbhcn qfcqbf" pc{bm

phmf" evn`{x gnm igbncv{)h|efm. %VN Jccm gnm G`{hlvb)}v{f C{`gnhg}hcn(" }eg} h| gngmmh}hcngb 7=: ihbbhcn evn`{xhiqczf{h|efm qfcqbf |hnlf;115.

]eh| h| peg} pf egzf }clegn`f" }ef hnov|}hlf pef{f g

khbbhcn" ic|}bx lehbm{fn" c }c kfm evn`{x gnm |hld" hn g {hlegnm pfgb}ex pc{bm.



Qg`f < G|hgn Ocv{ngb ) %:78( =0=)1655 Zh|h} cv{ pfk|h}f g} e}}q?##ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci Gv`v|} ;0 ) \fq}fikf{ ;" ;171

Kv|hnf|| gnm Jhngnlf

]ef Wvfcn Lh}x `czf{n)ifn} eg| bgvnlefm g kv|hnf||lfn}f{ ghifm g} |hiqbhjxhn`}ef q{clf||hn` cj gqqbhlg)}hcn| jc{ kv|hnf|| qf{ih}| gnm{fmvlhn` }ef pgh}hn` }hif }c

ov|} ;6 ihnv}f|" g||vihn` gbb{fwvh{fifn}| g{f hn.

]ef Kv|hnf|| Cnf \}cq\ecq" g nfp kv|hnf|| {f`h|}{g)}hcn |x|}fi" hn}fnm| }c eg|}fn}ef {f`h|}{g}hcn cj nfp kv|h)nf||f| j{ci ;6 ihnv}f| }c giguhivi qf{hcm cj nhnf mgx|hj }ef kv|hnf|| }xqf {fwvh{f|gn clvbg{ hn|qfl}hcn.

]ef Wvfcn Lh}x bclgb`czf{nifn} |ghm gqqbhlg}hcn||vkih}}fm }c }ef KC\\ pcvbm

kf gl}fm vqcn kx qf{|cnnfb cj qg{}hlhqg}hn` mfqg{}ifn}| pecpcvbm kf qc|}fm g} g |hn`bflfn}f{ g} }ef Lh}x Egbb lci)

Nfp WL kv|hnf|| lfn}f{ }ch||vf qf{ih}| hn ;6 ihnv}f|

qcvnm.]ef KC\\" bclg}fm g} }ef

Lhzhl Lfn}f{ g} }ef kgld cj }ef ighn Lh}x Egbb kvhbmhn`" h|ifgn} }c kcc|} |lgb gl}hzh}xhn Wvfcn Lh}x.

‒Pf ecqf }c lv} mcpn}ef }hif" lc|}| gnm |}fq| jc{ nfp kv|hnf|| {f`h|}{g}hcn g}}ef lh}x bfzfb"’ |ghm QglhlcIg`eglc}" lehfj cj }ef Kv|h)nf|| Qf{ih}| gnm Bhlfn|hn`Cjlf. ) J{ci @ccm Nfp|Qehbhqqhnf|

Ifikf{| cj }ef mhjjf{fn}jc{fh`n legikf{| cj lci)if{lf hn }ef Qehbhqqhnf| qbgn}c cjjf{ g} bfg|} <"111 ock|gnm |cif 611 hn}f{n|ehq |bc}|hn gn fiqbcxifn} fuqc }eh|Cl}ckf{.

Hn g |}g}fifn}" }ef Gif{h)lgn" Gv|}{gbhgn" Nfp _fg)bgnm" K{h}h|e" Lgngmhgn" gnmFv{cqfgn legikf{| cj lci)if{lf |ghm }efx egzf |h`nfmg ific{gnmvi cj vnmf{)

|}gnmhn` ph}e }ef QehbhqqhnfG||clhg}hcn cj Lcbbf`f| gnmVnhzf{|h}hf| %Qglv( }c ‒hnh)}hgbbx q{czhmf q{hc{h}x gllf||

Jc{fh`n legikf{| }c cjjf{<111 ock| hn [Q ock fuqc

}c mf|f{zhn` gnm wvgbhfmlcbbf`f |}vmfn}| hn h}| Cl}ckf{ Jc{fh`n Legikf{| Fiqbcx)ifn} Fuqc.’

]ef ock| }c kf cjjf{fm phbb{gn`f j{ci }ef }flenhlgb }cfuflv}hzf qc|h}hcn|" gllc{mhn`}c }ef jc{fh`n legikf{|.

Gllc{mhn` }c Bf|bhf\}cdf|" }ef fuflv}hzf mh{fl)}c{ cj }ef K{h}h|e Legikf{ cj Lciif{lf cj }ef Qehbhqqhnf|"}ef qg{}nf{|ehq ph}e Qglv"

}ef vik{fbbg c{`gnhg}hcncj 751 bfgmhn` fmvlg}hcngbhn|}h}v}hcn| hn }ef lcvn}{x"pcvbm |qffm vq }ef q{clf||

cj fbhihng}hn` }ef ock|)|dhbb|ih|ig}le hn }ef lcvn}{x.

‒]ef qg{}nf{|ehq cqfn|g bc} cj qc||hkhbh}hf| jc{ }eflegikf{| gnm q{czhmf| lci)

qgnhf| pehle pf {fq{f|fn}ph}e g mh{fl} legnnfb }c }ef

kf|} gzghbgkbf }gbfn} qccb }eg}lgn } }efh{ {f|qfl}hzf cqf{g)}hcngb nffm|"’ \}cdf| |ghm.

‒Pf egzf gbpgx| pgn}fm

}c gmm{f|| }ef ock|)|dhbb| ih|)ig}le hn }ef lcvn}{x. Qg{}nf{)hn` ph}e Qglv h| g kh` |}fq}cpg{m| g}}ghnhn` }eg} `cgb"’\}cdf| gmmfm.

Nfpbx fbfl}fm Qglv q{f|h)mfn} Qf}f{ Bgv{fb |ghm }efxpf{f ecnc{fm }c egzf kffnlcn|hmf{fm kx }ef zf legi)

kf{| g| g qg{}nf{ hn }efh{ gl}hzh}hf| }c q{cic}f mcif|}hlfiqbcxifn}.

‒Pf fuqfl} }eh| }c kf }ef|}g{} cj g bcn`)}f{i qg{}nf{)|ehq. Qglv h| lciih}}fm }cgl}hzfbx qg{}hlhqg}f hn }ef fi)

qbcxifn} fuqc. Pf g{f zf{xivle fulh}fm hn }ef fiqbcx)ifn} gnm hn}f{n|ehq q{c`{gi|gzghbgkbf }c cv{ |}vmfn}| gnm}ef glgmfihl bhndg`f| }efg`{ffifn} {fq{f|fn}|"’ Bgv{fb|ghm.

Vnmf{ }ef nfpbx |h`nfmg`{ffifn}" Qglv phbb |fnm

q{f)|l{ffnfm |}vmfn}| }c }efCl}ckf{ fiqbcxifn} fuqc.

]ef c{`gnhg}hcn phbbbhdfph|f fn|v{f }eg} }ef ic|}wvgbhfm `{gmvg}hn` gnm }eh{mxfg{ lcbbf`f |}vmfn}| ng}hcn)phmf phbb kf lcihn` }c }effiqbcxifn} fuqc }c gqqbx jc{ hn}f{n|ehq q{c`{gi| gnm ock

zglgnlhf| gicn` }ef qg{}hlh) qg}hn` lciqgnhf|.Qglv h| }ef cbmf|} fmv)

lg}hcngb c{`gnhg}hcn hn }eflcvn}{x gnm lv{{fn}bx q{h)c{h}hf| hnmv|}{x bhndg`f|gnm hiq{czhn` }ef q{clf|| cj lv{{hlvbg{ {fjc{i| gicn` lcb)bf`f| gnm vnhzf{|h}hf|.

Ifgnpehbf" }ef zf legi) kf{| gnncvnlfm }eg} g} bfg|}=1 lciqgnhf| egzf fuq{f||fmhn}f{f|} hn }gdhn` qg{} hn }efnfu} |}g`hn` cj }ef fiqbcx)ifn} fuqc. ]ef lciqgnhf|g{f hn g`{hkv|hnf||" kv|hnf||

q{clf|| cv}|cv{lhn`" l{fg}hzf|fl}c{" hnj{g|}{vl}v{f" fnf{`x"ignvjgl}v{hn` gnm }cv{h|ihnmv|}{hf|" gllc{mhn` }c }eflegikf{|. ) J{ci @ccm Nfp|Qehbhqqhnf|

Lbg{d J{ffqc{} pg| lec|fn kx]ef JMH Ig`ghnf" qvkbh|efm kx}ef q{f|}h`hcv| Bcnmcn)kg|fm ]efJhngnlhgb ]hif| Kv|hnf|| @{cvqg| }ef pc{bm‘| ‒ic|} lc|} fjjfl)

}hzf’ gicn` |cif 011 flcncihlcnf| hn }ef pc{bm.Lbg{d pg| lec|fn hn }ef

lg}f`c{x pehle pg| gb|c lbc|fbxlcn}f|}fm kx c}ef{ ‒hnzf|}ifn}mf|}hng}hcn|’ hn Qcbgnm" Ifuhlc"

Bg}zhg" Vnh}fm G{gk Fih{g}f|"

]eghbgnm" Gj{hlg" Kgn`bgmf|e gnmIgv{h}hv|.]ef ‒ic|} lc|} fjjfl}hzf’

lg}f`c{x pg| kg|fm cn }ef lc|} cj mchn` kv|hnf||" bfg|f {g}f|" bgkc{"gnm qcpf{ gnm pg}f{ lc|}.

Lbg{d j{ffqc{} pg| gb|c {gndfm kx }ef JMH Ig`ghnf g| | fzfn}e hnh}| }cq 71 hnzf|}ifn} cnf| ph}e}ef ‒kf|} flcncihl qc}fn}hgb. ]efc}ef{| hn }ef }cq 71 hn }ef lg}f`c{xhnlbvmfm }ef lh}x cj \gn Bvh|Qc}c|h hn Ifuhlc" jcbbcpfm lbc|fbx

kx Hnmv|}{hgb F| }g}f| hn ]eghbgnmgnm }ef Ofkfb Gbh J{ff _cnf hn }efVGF.

]ef bh|} cj }cq cnf| pg| qvkbh|efm hn }ef ig` ghnf vnmf{ }ef }h}bf ‒@bckgb J{ff _cnf| cj }efJv}v{f jc{ ;171 gnm ;177.’

Lbg{d bgnmfm 78}e hn JMHIg`ghnf‘| czf{gbb }cq ;6 j{ffcnf| cj }ef jv}v{f" kf|}hn` flc)

ncihl lfn}f{| hn Bh}evgnhg" Mvkgh"L{cg}hg" Hnmhg" Kge{ghn" \cv}eDc{fg gnm fzfn \cv}e Lg{cbhng‘|Jc{fh`n ]{gmf _cnf| ;7 gnm <5 hn}ef V\.

Lbg{d qhldfm cnf cj }cqj{ffqc{}| hn }ef pc{bm

LML q{f|hmfn} Kfnh`nc [hlg)jc{} |ghm ‒}ef {flc`nh}hcn kcc|}|Lbg{d‘| {fqv}g}hcn g| g pc{bm)lbg||hnzf|}ifn} mf|}hng}hcn.’

‒Ph}e }eh|" pf egzf gbb }ef

ic{f {fg|cn }c qv{|vf q{c`{gi|}eg} pcvbm igdf Lbg{d fulfb hn`bckgb lciqf}h}hzfnf||" wvgbh}xlv|}cif{ |f{zhlf gnm lc{qc{g}f |c)lhgb {f|qcn|hkhbh}x"’ [hlgjc{} |ghm.

]ef JMH Ig`ghnf h| gnFn`bh|e)bgn`vg`f

kh)icn}ebx nfp| gnmjc{fh`n mh{fl} hnzf|})ifn} qvkbhlg}hcncpnfm kx ]ef Jhngn)lhgb ]hif| Kv|hnf||@{cvq gnm fmh}fmhn Bcnmcn. H} eg| g{fgmf{|ehq cj =0"111|fnhc{ mflh|hcnigdf{| hnzcbzfm hnczf{|fg| hnzf|}ifn}gl{c|| }ef pc{bm hn|fzf{gb lcn}hnfn}|hnlbvmhn` G|hg" }efVnh}fm \}g}f|" Fv)

{cqf gnm }ef Ihmmbf Fg|}.

]ef ig`ghnf jclv|f| q{h)ig{hbx cn nfp| cn jc{fh`n mh{fl}hnzf|}ifn}| gnm hn) mfq}e gngbx|h|cj lc{qc{g}f lbhig}f pc{bmphmf.

‒Ic{f }egn 011 flcncihlcnf| `bckgbbx pf{f hnzh}fm kxJMH Ig`ghnf }c lciqbf}f g|v{zfx {fwvf|}hn` kc}e wvgbh}g}hzfgnm wvgn}h}g}hzf mg}g {f`g{mhn`}efh{ cnf|. ]eh| bh|} cj 011 pg|jv{}ef{ {fmvlfm }c ;11 kg|fm cnhnjc{ig}hcn lcbbfl}fm kx JMH

kfnleig{d gnm hnjc{ig}hcn|vkih}}fm kx }ef cnf|" ‒ [hlgjc{}nc}fm.

]ef|f cnf| hnlbvmfm j{ff)}{gmf cnf|" |qflhgb flcncihlcnf| gnm lcvn}{x cnf|. ]ef hn)jc{ig}hcn lcbbfl}fm pg| |f} vnmf{ fh`e} lg}f`c{hf|? Flcncihl qc}fn)}hgb" lc|} fjjfl}hzfnf||" jglhbh}hf|"}{gn|qc{}g}hcn " hnlfn}hzf|" JMH

q{cic}hcn |}{ g}f`x gnm" jc{ }ec|f

{fbfzgn}" gh{qc{}| gnm qc{}|.%\}c{x lcv{}f|x cj }ef Qehbhq)

qhnf \}g{( ) J{ci @ccm Nfp|Qehbhqqhnf|



Qg`f = Gv`v|} ;0 ) \fq}fikf{ ;" ;171 G|hgn Ocv{ngb ) %:78( =0=)1655 Zh|h} cv{ pfk|h}f g} e}}q?##ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

Khbb‘| Lc{nf{

[fgm Khbb Bgkf|}{f‘| q{fzhcv| g{}hlbf| kx zh|h}hn` cv{ pfk|h}f g} ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

kx Khbb Bgkf|}{f" IKG

Igxkf h}‘| g qg{} cj `{cp)

hn` cbm c{ kflcihn` ig}v{fpefn xcv |ff }ehn`| hn g mhj)jf{fn} qf{|qfl}hzf. Xcv kf)lcif ic{f q{gl}hlgb gnm }fnm}c mc }ehn`| }eg} xcv gl}vgbbxfnocx c{ kvx qf{|cngb h}fi|pehle igdf xcv jffb zf{xlcijc{}gkbf. Xcv igx jffb}eg} xcv mcn‘} egzf }c q{czfgnx}ehn` }c gnxkcmx gnxic{f.Xcv‘zf kffn }ef{f gnm xcv‘zfmcnf }eg}. Pex |}{f|| pefnxcv lgn {fbgu gnm fnocx }ef{f|} cj xcv{ bhjf3

Hj ph|mci lcif| ph}e cv{ ig}v{h}x" }efn pex |cif cbmf{

qfcqbf |}hbb igdf |cif |}vqhmmflh)|hcn|3C}ef{|

kbgifmihmbhjfl{h|h|

kv}"|cifegzf nc|cbhmfuqbgng)}hcn jc{ }efh{ gpjvb

kfegz)hc{. Pfegzf|ffnig{{hg`f| mf|}{cxfm kflgv|fcnf |qcv|f mflhmfm }c nm gxcvn`f{ qg{}nf{. ]ef{f g{f {f)}h{fm lcvqbf| cn ufm hnlcif

kfhn` gmmhl}fm }c `gikbhn`.Pf lgn gbpgx| nm fulv|f|}c ov|}hjx cv{ gl}hcn|. Igxkfh}‘| }cvè }c gmih} gmmhl}hcn}c |cif}ehn` bhdf |icdhn`"

\}g}v| \xikcbm{v`| c{ gikbhn`. Pex nc}

|ffd q{cjf||hcngb lcvn|fbhn`3[fifikf{ }ec|f }hif|

hn xcv{ bhjf pefn xcv {fgbbxpgn}fm |cif}ehn` }eg} xcv

kflgif ck|f||fm ph}e h}3Peg} egqqfnfm gj}f{ xcv `c}h}3 Ecp bcn` mhm }ef fulh}f)ifn} bg|} vn}hb xcv pgn}fm gnfpf{" kh``f{ c{ ic{f fuqfn)|hzf |}vjj3

Pefn h} hnzcbzfm fic}hcn"h} lcvbm kf g qghnjvb fuqf{h)fnlf. Pefn xcv‘{f xcvn` gnmjfbb hn bczf ph}e |cifcnf" xcv|ffifm }c kf kbhnmfm kx xcv{ jffbhn`| gnm mf|h{f. Xcv igxegzf kffn |vllf||jvb hn xcv{

wvf|} kv}" bg}f{ xcv jgbb cv}cj bczf" }efn ecp lcvbm xcvifnm g k{cdfn efg{}3 ]hifh| `{fg} efgbf{" |c xcv igxkfjc{`hzfn hj nc} fn}h{fbx jc{`c})

}fn kx ncp.H} |ffifm nc{igb }c pgn}|cif}ehn` fzfn hj xcv mcn‘}{fgbbx nffm h}. Hj xcv kflcif

ck|f||fm ph}e h}" }efn h}‘|gnc}ef{ |}c{x. Ecp cj}fn mcxcv |ff g Jhbhqhnc m{hzhn` g

k{gnm nfp bvuv{x lg{ pech| {f|hmhn` hn gn gqg{}ifn}c{ ov|} {fn}hn` g {cci j{ci|cifkcmx3 Ecp ignx jgih)bhf| |}hbb {f|hmf hn gn fuqfn|hzfecv|f pehbf pc{dhn` ivb}hqbf

ock| hn c{mf{ }c dffq vq ph}e}efh{ qgxifn}|3 Igxkf h}mcf| nc} igdf |fn|f }c xcv c{ if kv}" |cif qfcqbf }ehnd h}h| g |}g}v| |xikcb hn g lci)ivnh}x.

]ef{f g{f ignx pgx| }c

hiq{f|| c}ef{ qfcqbf. Ic|}cj }ef }hif xcv mcn‘} egzf }c

kf q{f}}x c{ pfgb}ex hn c{mf{ }c gllciqbh|e }eg}. \cif)}hif| gbb h} }gdf| h| }c kf xcv{ {fgb `fnvhnf |fbj. Lg{{xhn` g-7"611 qv{|f ph}e cnbx g jfpmcbbg{| hn|hmf h}" igdf| nc|fn|f. M{hzhn` g bfg|fm KIP}c xcv{ -76 c{ bf|| qf{ ecv{

ock h| nc} q{gl}hlgb. Bhzhn` gbhjf }eg} xcv lgn kg{fbx gjjc{mphbb cnbx |}{f|| xcv cv}. Peg}g{f xcv }{xhn` }c q{czf }c c}e)f{| c{ }c xcv{|fbj3 H kfbhfzf hn}ef ]Z gm pehle |ghm ‒H}‘| nc}peg}‘| cn xcv kv}" peg}‘| hn

xcv’.Pf ov|} egzf

}c gllfq} }ef jgl}

}eg} |cif}hif|"pf lcvbm nfzf{ kfpeg} pf pgn}fm}c kf pefn pfpf{f xcvn`. C}ef{ }hif|" pf fnmfmvq }c kf peg} pfnfzf{ fuqfl}fmpf kflgif. H}‘|ecp xcv bccd g}bhjf pehle lgnmf}f{ihnf xcv{ egqqhnf|| gnm |g})h|jgl}hcn. Pf lgn|}hbb kf `{g}fjvb jc{

}ef `ccm }ehn`| gnm }ef `ccm}hif| pf egzf hn cv{ bhzf|. Pfnffm }c bhdf c{ bczf cv{|fbzf|hj pf pgn} c}ef{| }c mc |gifjc{ v|. Hj xcv kfbhfzf xcv egzf

g }f{{hkbf bhjf" bccd g{cvnm xcvgnm xcv‘bb |ff c}ef{| egm h}pc{|}. G| bcn` g| xcv‘{f gbhzf"nfzf{ bc|f ecqf.

[FMPCCM LH]X" LG"Gv`v|} =" ;171 “ ]ef ;171fzfn} |f{hf| cj GK\)LKN‘|]ef Jhbhqhnc Legnnfb" ]JL

\viif{ \gxg |g Gif{hlg%]JL \viif{ Ocx hn Gif{h)lg(" efgm| jc{ }ef ecif|}{f}leph}e }ef ic|} gn}hlhqg}fm"|}g{)|}vmmfm" gl}hzh}x)bbfmgnm egqqhf|} Jhbhqhnc fzfn} cj }ef xfg{ jc{ }ef pecbf jgihbx.

Gj}f{ m{gphn` 71"111g}}fnmff| hn;118" ]JL‘|Cnf Dgqgihbxg@c {f}v{n| }cLgbhjc{nhg‘| @{fg}Gif{hlg hn \gn}gLbg{g" Lgbhjc{nhg

q{cih|hn` g |bgi) kgn` fzfn} qgldfmph}e pc{bm)lbg||

qf{jc{ignlf|"ehè)fnf{`x nvi)

kf{|" if{legnmh|f"gl}hzh}x gnm Jhbh) qhnc jccm kcc}e|"j{ff bi |l{ffn)hn`| }c`f}ef{ ph}e}ef qg{d‘| }e{hbbgnm jgihbx {hmf|"Dhm_zhbbf" }ef nfpQbgnf} \nccqxgnm c}ef{ jgihbxg}}{gl}hcn|. ]efighn |ecp phbb

kf g} }ef qg{d‘|[fmpccm Giqeh)}efg}{f kv} gl}hzh)}hf| phbb kf vq }c}ef Qhlnhl Qgzhbhcng{fg. Cnf Dgqgihbxg @c h|g |qflhgbbx }hldf}fm fzfn}pehle `hzf| `vf|}| gllf|| }c

}ef jf|}hzgb g{fg" |ecp| gnmLgbhjc{nhg‘| @{fg} Gif{hlg}efif qg{d.

]ef igoc{ mhjjf{fnlf }eh|xfg{ jc{ Cnf Dgqgihbxg @c h|}eg} ]JL h| qv}}hn` }ef Jhbhqh)nc| hn }ef V.\. cn lfn}f{ |}g`f

kx pgx cj k{hn`hn` }ef fn}h{flg|} cj }ef }cq){g}fm ]JL }gb)fn} |ecp" ‒\ecp}hif’" pehleh| igdhn` h}| mfkv} |}hn} cv})|hmf Qehbhqqhnf |ec{f| hn }eh|fzfn}. ]ef jvn)bczhn`" pgldxlg|} hnlbvmf| Zecn` Ngzg{{c"Gnnf Lv{}h|" Zhlf @gnmg"Dhi G}hfng" ]fmmx Lc{qvgnm Ov`| Ov`vf}g.

‒\ecp}hif’ h| `f}}hn` h}|lcn}f|}gn}| jc{ Cnf Dgqgih)bxg @c kx lcnmvl}hn` `{cvqgvmh}hcn| %7; }c ;1 ifikf{|(.Jc{ ic{f hnjc{ig}hcn" zh|h}

]JL \viif{ \gxg ;171 bfgm| }c `{gnmngbf cn \fq} 7; ph}e Cnf Dgqgihbxg

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/Ifikf{" Lgbhjc{nhg \}g}f Kg{ Bhlfn|fm }c q{gl}hlf kfjc{f }ef V\ Jfmf{gb Mh|}{hl} Lcv{}\cv}ef{n Lgbhjc{nhg gnm Lgbhjc{nhg \vq{fif Lcv{}

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]ef Khnhkhnhn` Qhbhqhng|Leg{h}hf|" Hnl. |ghm [go pcvbm

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qg||qc{}" pf phbb {fhn|}g}f ef{ g| }ef {fh`nhn` Kk. Qhbhqhng|)Vnhzf{|f"’ |ghm }ef KLQH.

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)) \gbgig} qc qgbg |g qg`)ggbgbg |g i`g kg}g. @hngkh qcgdc dg`gkh g} dgxc qgbg gn`ng`mgbg n` qg`dghn g} hnvihn.

“ |gbh}g nh Mfnlhc.)) Ngh|hqgn dcn` qvig{ccn

|g i`g kg}g n`vnh‘} mh dc ng)`gpg mgehb igx mhng{gimgin`g gdc dgegqcn" egn``gn` |gdhng`gkhegn. “ ng`vbg} |h Mfn)lhc |g |hngkh n` ig}gnmgn`

kgkgf. H|g|gvbh |gng nhxg gn`}g|g ng qhng`bg`xgn n` dg}g|n` qhnxg n`vnh‘} mh ng h}hnv)bcx mgehb ehnmh qgbg dgx NgngDc{hn` gn` }g|g. Bvigdgm

qgkgbhd |g kgegx |h Mfnlhc ngmgbg)mgbg qg {hn gn` }g|g . . .)) Dgnhnc dgxg gn` }g|gn` h}c3

“ kvbcn` |g |g{hbh.Egkgn` bvigbgkg| n`

kgdv{gn nh Ngng Dc{hn` |hMfnlhc gx |hxg ngign` qg`)mg}hn` n` h|g qgn` }g`g)ngxcn"|h Hnmgn` Ig{hn`. Igx mgbg|hxgn` }hngqgx ng qg|gbvkcn`dgx Ngng Dc{hn`. G} gxcn |gdhng`gphgn gx igx mgbg {hn

|hxgn` |g{hpgn` kgbh}g.)) Gbgi ic kg" Ngng Dc{)

hn` ng igx kg`cn` ngnbhbh`gpdgx [c|hn`3 Dggpg)gpg ng)ign |h Mfnlhc . . . ng |hxg gxngig}gxgn n` g|gpg4 n`gxcnngign gx kgdg igg`gpgnn` dg|hn}gegn. “ |gbvkcn` nhHnmgn` Ig{hn` egkgn` |h)nv|vnmgn n` }hn`hn |h Mfnlhcng gxgp nhxgn` igdg{hnh` |gdgnxgn` |hng|gkh.

)) Gbgi ic kg ng |h Qg)m{f Ig{hc gx igehbh` qgbg |g|v`gb3 “ mg`mg` n` dgmg{g}hn`

qg bgign` ng dgqh}kgegx.)) Egx" ngdv" Ig{hn`" ef}c

dg ng ngign. Qggnc ic kgng|g|g`gq gn` i`g kgbh}gn`hxgn3 “ qv}cb nh Ngng Dc{hn`.

“ Gxgp dc ngn` igbgign.)) Kg`c dc igbhiv}gn"

Ngng Dc{hn`" igx ng}h}h{g dg kgn` bvxg mhxgn3 @g`gpg gdcn` |gbgkg} mgehb ngn`gn`g}hgn` gdhn` bgbgivngn.

Kg`gig‘} }|h|ih| gx igx kgehm n` dg}c}cegngn gn` kgbh}gn` mgbg nh Hnmgn` Ig{)hn`. Ng`dgdghkh`gn |hngMfnlhc g} [c|hn` n`vnh‘}ehnmh qg viggkc} gn` qg`)dgdghkh`gn nhbg |g gn}g| nghkh` ng nhbgn` ig`|gig |ghh|gn` kgegx. Ighn`g} |hMfnlhc |g qg`qg|cd |g h|gn`

Igx qgdqgd gn` qg`)hkhÌghdbhn` dvpfn}cn` qgikg}g nh

Qf{lhzgb Lgiqcgic{ L{v kg`cn` qgngng`v}gn `gxcn` kvegx qg |g dgnxgn` qv|cgn` qg`)hkh` |g qvigngp ngg|gpg. Ngqvqv|vgn nh [c|g|h Mfnlhc n`vnh‘} mh nhxg |hxgigigmgbh4 ngvvngpggn nhxggn` ng|g bcckhn n` igkv}hn`dghkh`gn.

Gn` ngxcn nh Mfnlhc gx

h|gn` qvbc |g }hic`)dgnbv{gnn` mg`g} ng igbgdh. Dgdgvn}hgn` ngnhnh{gegn |g ngxcn"n`vnh‘} |gqg} ng gn` khbgn`vqgn` h}c gx ig`dg{ccn n`f|dvpfbg" |hikgegn g} |gn`gxn` qgigegbggn. Qgihn|gn)ihn|gn gx igx ng}g}gngp gnì`g }g`g)ngxcn |g dgbgxvgn|g `h}ng n` mg`g} ng h|gnìgbgdhn` kg{dc ng }vih)}h`hb qg`dg}gqc| gx bvihbh`hm|g qvbc g} dvn` ihn|gn gxng`kgkgkg n` i`g }gc. Igxehmpggn gn` i`g kgn|g}vn`dcb |g qg`)gg{h n` hbgn`

qvbc |g mg`g} ng igbgdh dvn`dgxg‘} kg}hm n` i`g }g`g)ngx)cn ng gn` kg{dc gx iggg{hnìgx qgdgx ng igìgnign

|g dgnhbg g} |g ng`g`gngq |gdgqgbh`h{gn.

]c}ccn` igx bgbgdhn` kg`cn` mg}hn` |g ngxcn ng|hn`dh} gn` i`g ig}g. G}|hxg gn` hkhngkgbh}g nh HnmgnÌg{hn` ng kg`cn` ignbhbh`gpnh [c|hn`. Ig{gih ngn` }g`g)ngxcn gn` ngdgdh}g |g mgbgpgegkgn` |hbg gx ng`)vv|gq cng`bgbgdgm ng ig`dg|gkgx.

Ng}g}gn`hn` |h Mfnlhc gn` mhngdgggbgi |g ng`g`gngq.

Qg`mg}hn` |g kgegx nhMfnlhc gx vivqc |g egqg`dghngn g} hnhbg`gx gn` }g|g|g hkgkgp nh}c. “ \hnc gn`ng`kh`gx n` hnvihn |g i`g

kg}g3 Dgnhnc gn` }g|gn`h}c3 “ Bgdhn` qg`}g}gdg nhxg.

\hnhqg} nhxg gn` }g|g" ehn)gpgdgn h}c g} qhng`vbcn` |g qgbgm. Gkvehn gn` dvbgx n`}g|g g} igx dg`g|qgn`gn gn`

qgbh`hm. Ehngqbc|)egqbc| nhxggn` }g|g" qg`dg}gqc| gx hdh)nv|dc| gn` ehnbgbgdh |g dvbgx)gkvehn` qh|n`h nh}c. Ngqgn|hnnhxgn` ngqgqgph gn` dvbgxgkc g} bvihbh}gp gn` dvbgxmhbgp. \g hbgn qgn` |gnmgbh gxng}vdbg|gn nh Mfnlhc ng gn`}g|g gx xg{h |g `hn}c.

Hkhngcn nhxg |g bvqg gn`}g|g |g bhdcm n` kgegx g}ng`qg|hxg ng h}c‘x h|g|gvbh |g

}vngx ng igx)g{h qg`mg}hn`n` qgngecn. Pgbgn` |gbg nggn` igx)g{h n` }g|g" dvn` h}cgx xg{h |g `hn}c" gx }hxgd ngig`qgqgdhbgbg g} kgkgphhngn` igbhh} ng dgxgigngn.

\h Mfnlhc gx h|hnhbgn` g}bvigdh |g ngxcn` hxcn ngdvn` }gpg`hn gx Qg{gh|c. \givbg‘} ivbg qg gx ng`hnìgn`hn`h|mg ng |hxg. Hxcn gnègngqkvegx ng dhng`h|ngn |ggig dvn` dgxg‘} hxcn mhn gn`dgnxgn` dhngbgdhegn g} ng`hn`

qgbg`hgn` `gpghn. Igbhkgn |gigkgkg g} ig}gg| ng qgg{gbgngx pgbg ngn` eh`h} ng ig}gg|

qgn` qg`)gg{gb gn` nggkc} nhMfnlhc |g mgehbgn` igbgxcgn` qvbc |g dgkheg|ngn g}dgqc| |g xgign gn` dgnxgn`gig vqgn` |hxg gx igqg`)g{gb|g vnhkf{|hmgm. Gn` ng`hn`}gn`hn` vnhkf{|hmgm nh Mfnlhcgx gn` mg`g}" gn` i`g kh}vhn"g} gn` i`g }gcn` ngdgdg|gbg)iveg nhxg. Igev|gx |hxgn`

kvig|g" ehnmh n` bhk{c" dvnmhn` i`g }gc. Ig`gbhn` |hxgnìg`kh`gx)dgevbv`gn |g hkh`|gkhehn n` `gbgp n` vbgq" nèhehq n` egn`hn" n` v`g n`}vkh`" n` dhbc| n` i`g hkcng} hkg qgn` egxcq |g `vkg}"n` dvbgx n` i`g egbgign g}egbhivxgd n` i`g kvbgdbgd.H|g |hxgn` mgbvkeg|g |g qg`)vngpg |g |hng|gkh n` Dg)bhdg|gn. Ihn|gn gx ngevbggnnhxg ng igx mg{g}hn` ng bhnmcbgxcn |g nghhkgn` dhbc| n` dgn)xgn` gbg`gn` g|c. Ngevbggnmhn nhxg ng `v`vec gn` bvqgihn|gn` bvigdg| gn` vbgn g}hnhv}c| nhxg gn` qg`bhdg| nì`g dgqh}kgegx ivbg |g dg)nhbgn` i`g ivivn}hhn` kgegx|g qggngn n` kvnmcd qg}vn`c|g |hikgegn vqgn` mccn ig`)

qgbhqg| n` kg`xc. @vivecn`g gn` bvqg g} ng}gkvngn n`

kv{gd gn` i`g kgegx g} mgehb|g dgnxgn` kgkgbg gx nghbh`}g||g }hxgd ng dgig}gxgn gnìg{gihn` dgngxcn nhxg.

\h Dgqh}gn Dvbg|" |h Qgm{fIg{hc g} |h Mfnlhc gn` h}hnv)}v{hn` n` i`g }g`g)ngxcn ngdgnhbgn` i`g qhnvnc g} }g`g)

qgxc |g c{g| n` qgn`gn ghb)gn`gn. Ig}hqvncn` bgbgdh |hMfnlhc. Gn` dgnxgn` mhkmhkg} kh|h` gx |hd|hd |g bgign.Gn` kvc nhxgn` dg}gpgn gxdgpgn`h| n` nhbhbcd ng f|)

}g}pg nh Gmcnh|. Iggic gn`dgnxgn` ivdeg" igx dgh}h)ign |hxg" dvbv}hn gn` kvecd g} bgbgdhn`)bgbgdh gn` }hnh`.

Ng`dgdg}hqcn gn` i`g}g`g)ngxcn }vphn` Bhn``cn` vig`g |g |hikgegn nggn` qgdgx n` qg`}h}hqcn gxgn` qgdhdhnh` |g ih|g g} |g|f{icn nh Qgm{f Ig{hc g} gn`

qg`)v|gqgn dvn` igx{ccn`|vbh{gnhn ng dhngdgeg{gq gnì`g }g`g)ngxcn.

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pg| }ef qgqf{‘| lcnmvh} }c }eff}enhl lciivnh}x.

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P{h}hn` gnx}ehn` gkcv}

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qv| ph}e g kccd cn ef{ bgqgnm qcqqhn` g lh`g{f}}f.

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qf{}v{kf{.]efn }ef{f pf{f }{hldbf|

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Hn }vnf ph}e `{cphn`|}vmfn} gl}hzh|i" pc{df{|

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Gif{hlgn @fnf{gb Bhjf gnm Gl)

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G@BG" xcv{ lechlf

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q{cmvl}| h||vfm kxGif{hlgn @fnf{gb Bhjf gnm

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kfbhfzfm hn" egzf |cif}ehn` }cmc ph}e h}.

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%]c kf lcn}hnvfm(




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ifikf{ }ef khkbhlgb |}c{x cj Oc|fqe }ef M{fgif{" xcvn`f|}|cn cj Oglck" pec|f k{c}ef{||cbm ehi }c |bgzf }{gmf{|3 ]ef|h}vg}hcn kflcif| ic{f lci)

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qg{fn}|.Cv{ exqc}ef}hlgb }eh| pffd

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Jh{|}" h} mfqfnm| cn pef}e)f{ }ef mffm }c Lxm gnm Gnf}epg| g mcng}hcn c{ g |gbf. Hj h}h| g |gbf" }efn Qehbhqqhnf bgp|gx| }eg} mv{hn` }efh{ bhjf}hif"}ef qg{fn}| g{f j{ff }c mh|qc|fcj }efh{ q{cqf{}hf|. ]ef bf`gb

kg|h| jc{ }eh| {vbf h| G{}hlbf

000 cj }ef Lhzhb Lcmf pehle|}g}f| }eg} ‒%](ef {hè}| }c }ef|vllf||hcn g{f }{gn|ih}}fmj{ci }ef icifn} cj }ef mfg}ecj }ef mflfmfn}’. ]eh| ifgn|}eg} mv{hn` }ef bhjf}hif cj }ef

qg{fn}|" }ef lehbm{fn mc nc}egzf gnx {hè} czf{ }efh{ qg{)fn}|‘ q{cqf{}hf|. Hn|}fgm" peg}}efx egzf h| cnbx gn hnlec)g}f hn}f{f|}" lc{{f|qcnmhn` }c}efh{ bf`h}hif. Pf fuqbghn }eh|

kfbcp.Hn lg|f cj g mcng}hcn" }ef

{vbf h| g bh}}bf kh} mhjjf{fn}.Pehbf }ef qg{fn}| lgn |}hbbj{ffbx mh|qc|f cj }efh{ q{cqf{)}hf| mv{hn` }efh{ bhjf}hif" }ef{fh| g bhih}g}hcn. ‒Nc qf{|cn

igx `hzf c{ {flfhzf" kx pgxcj mcng}hcn" ic{f }egn efigx `hzf c{ {flfhzf kx phbb’%G{}hlbf 06;(. ]ev|" }efmcng}hcn iv|} nc} {fmvlf }efbf`h}hif cj }ef efh{|. G{}hlbf55: cj }ef Lhzhb Lcmf mfnf|bf`h}hif g| ‒}eg} qg{} cj }ef}f|}g}c{‘| q{cqf{}x pehle eflgnnc} mh|qc|f cj kflgv|f }efbgp eg| {f|f{zfm h} jc{ lf{)}ghn efh{| pec g{f" }ef{fjc{f"lgbbfm lciqvb|c{x efh{|.’

Nc} gbb efh{| g{f lciqvb|c{x4}efx g{f bhih}fm }c lehbm{fn"

qg{fn}| gnm phmcp| %G{}hlbf550" Lhzhb Lcmf(. ]ef gicvn}cj bf`h}hif mfqfnm| cn ecpignx gnm pehle efh{| g{fgbhzf g} }ef }hif }ef mflfmfn}

mhfm. H} igx kf cnf)egbj"cnf)}eh{m" cnf)jcv{}e" c{ fwvgb }c }ec|f cj }ef c}ef{ efh{|. Jv{}ef{ic{f" ‒cnbx}ec|f pec g} }ef }hif cj }efmcnc{‘| mfg}e egzf g {hè} }c}ef bf`h}hif gnm }efh{ efh{|

gnm |vllf||c{| hn hn}f{f|}igx g|d jc{ }ef {fmvl}hcn cj hncjlhcv| mcng}hcn|’ %G{}hlbf00;" Lhzhb Lcmf(. ]ev|" hj g|cn q{fmflfg|f| eh| qg{fn}|"ef eg| nc bf`h}hif" vnbf|| efeg| eh| cpn efh{|. ]eh| {fbg}f|}c G{}hlbf 000 %gkczf( pehle|gx| }eg} }ef {hè} cj gn efh{ g{h|f| cnbx g} }ef }hif cj }efmflfmfn}‘| mfg}e.

Pf ecqf pf g{f nc} lcn)jv|hn` xcv ph}e gbb }ef|f{fjf{fnlf| }c zg{hcv| q{czh)|hcn| cj }ef Lhzhb Lcmf. Ov|}{fifikf{" }ef {vbf h| }eg}

lehbm{fn %c{ gnx c}ef{ efh{ jc{ }eg} ig}}f{( mc nc} egzf {hè}|vn}hb }efh{ qg{fn}| mhf. ]efcnbx fulfq}hcn h| pefn }efh{

qg{fn}| mcng}f gnm }eg} mcng)}hcn gjjfl}| }efh{ bf`h}hif. \cpeg} egqqfn| ncp3 Mc pf{fzcdf }ef mcng}hcn igmf }cLxm gnm Gnf}e3

]ef gn|pf{ h| nc. Gihm|}}eh| fn}h{f evbbgkgbcc" }efmh|gmzgn}g`fm lehbm{fn‘|{flcv{|f h| nc} }c hnzgbhmg}f}ef mcng}hcn" kv} }c {vn gj}f{ }ef c}ef{ q{cqf{}hf|" c{ }c|ffd {fhikv{|fifn} j{ci}ef jgzc{fm lehbm{fn. ]eh|" cj lcv{|f" lgn kf mcnf cnbx gj}f{ }efh{ qg{fn}|‘ mfg}e. ]ef q{c)

lfmv{f h| cv}bhnfm hn }ef c}ef{ q{czh|hcn| cj }ef Lhzhb Lcmf" kv} pf {fj{ghn j{ci lh}hn`}efi g| }efx g{f }cc lcnjv|hn`c{" pc{|f" }cc kc{hn` jc{ }ef{fgmf{.

G}}x. [c`fbhc Dg{g`mg`" O{. h| bhlfn|fm }c q{gl}hlf bgphn kc}e Lgbhjc{nhg gnm }ef

Qehbhqqhnf|. Ef q{gl}hlf| hi)ih`{g}hcn bgp hn \gn Mhf`cgnm eg| lcn}hnvcv|bx kffn g}{hgb gnm gqqfbbg}f g}}c{nfxhn }ef Qehbhqqhnf| |hnlf 7858.

Ef }{gzfb| kf}pffn \gn Mhf`cgnm Ignhbg. Eh| cjlf gmm{f||h| bclg}fm g} 7:=5: Kf{ng{mcLfn}f{ M{hzf" \vh}f ;;5" \gn

Mhf`c" LG 8;7;5. Ef gb|cecbm| cjlf hn Ng}hcngb Lh}xhn|hmf }ef \*\ ]{gzfb G`fnlxg} ;=18 F. Qbgg Kbzm. Qbfg|flgbb %565(<=5)0=06 * %:78(=06)<;:; jc{ xcv{ j{ff lcn)

|vb}g}hcn. Pf gb|c fnlcv{g`f{fgmf{| }c p{h}f v| wvf|}hcn|gkcv} kc}e V.\. hiih`{g}hcngnm Qehbhqqhnf bgp| }c kf

jv}v{f }cqhl| hn }eh| lcbvin.Cv{ fighb h| {dg{g`mgÀg}}xhiih`{g}hcn.lci. G{}hlbf|p{h}}fn hn }eh| lcbvin g{f nc} bf`gb gmzhlf kv} g{f exqc}ef}h)lgb| hn}fnmfm g| `fnf{gb" ncn)

|qflhl bf`gb hnjc{ig}hcn.

kx Ignvfb Kvfnlgihncj{ci Jhbhqhnc Zchlf|

Peg} h| h} fugl}bx }eg} }efZQ mcf| fzf{x mgx3”\g{geQgbhn

G jfp mgx| g`c ZQ Ofoc)ig{ Khngx zh|h}fm }ef cjlfef hnef{h}fm j{ci eh| q{fmf)lf||c{ Ncbh mf Lg|}{c" gnm

jcvnm h} nc} vq }c eh| |}gn)mg{m|. ‒H‘bb `f} g {g|e |}gxhnèf{f"’ ef }cbm {fqc{}f{| pec}g``fm gbcn`.

Eh| legh{ pg| }cc kh` jc{ eh| |ec{} |}g}v{f”‒]eh| h|cnbx jc{ |hu)jcc}f{|’”gnm}ef cjlf |qglf pg| nc} kh`fncvè }c lcn}ghn eh| f`c.‒Xcv‘{f }ef Zhlf Q{f|hmfn} kv}xcv lgn‘} fzfn ecbm cjlf cn}ef fn}h{f cc{"’ ef |ghm.

]ef mèlc{ pg| nc} vq }c|nvjj4 }ef pgbb| pf{f kg{f.‒]ef{f iv|} kf mh`nh}x lci)ifn|v{g}f }c }ef cllvqgn} cj }ef cjlf"’ ef |ghm.

Gnm |c ef‘| }ehndhn` gkcv}{fbclg}hn` }c }ef Lclcnv}Qgbglf. Mcn‘} bgvè" qgbglf

gnm nc} lclcnv} h| }ef cqf{g)}hzf pc{m jc{ Khngx. Ef }ehnd|mh`nh}x lcif| ph}e }ef |flcnmpc{m.

H mcn‘} dncp pex Khngxh| kh}lehn` pefn ef eg| kffn`hzfn gn cjlf ph}e g zhfp cj Ignhbg Kgx" g kvm`f} cj Q750ihbbhcn" gnm g |vqqc{} |}gjj cj gkcv} g evnm{fm. \c" cdgx"eh| legh{ h| }cc kh` jc{ ehi"

kv} c}ef{ }egn g dhmmhf)|hflegh{" peg} fb|f mcf| ef }ehnd ef mf|f{zf| jc{ egzhn` }c mcnc}ehn` c}ef{ }egn pgh} jc{ g

ock cqfnhn`3 ‒G q{czhnlhgb`czf{nc{ eg| g `czf{nc{‘|ign|hcn. ]ef Zhlf Q{f|h)mfn} lcif| ecif }c eh| cpnecv|f.’ Ce.

Kv} |f{hcv|bx" }ef ig}}f{ cj g ecv|f q{czhmfm kx }ef |}g}fh| |cif}ehn` Khngx nffm| }c}gdf vq ph}e ehèf{ gv}ec{h)}hf|. ]ef Lcn|}h}v}hcn mcf| nc}

Bhdf \g{ge Qgbhnifn}hcng ecv|fjc{ }efZhlfQ{f|h)mfn}.‒]efQ{f|hmfn}|egbbegzf gn

cjlhgb{f|h)mfnlf’h| gbbh} |gx|gkcv}fi)

qbcxffecv|hn`.

Khngx kfbhfzf|}ef zhlf

q{f|h)mfnlx h| ic{f }egn peg} }efLcn|}h}v}hcn |gx| h} h|.

‒H‘i }ef Nc. ; ign hn}ef Fuflv}hzf mfqg{}ifn}.Cv{ cnbx mhjjf{fnlf ph}e }efQ{f|hmfn} h| }eg} ef eg| {f`vbg{ mfqg{}ifn}|. ]eg}‘| }ef cnbx

}ehn` pf mcn‘} egzf" kv} pfg{f hn gn Fuflv}hzf qc|h}hcn"’ef mflbg{fm.

Nc |h{ff" I{. ZQ" xcv g{fnc} hn gn Fuflv}hzf qc|h}hcn.]ef{f h| cnbx cnf Fuflv}hzfhn }ef Fuflv}hzf mfqg{}ifn}"gnm }eg} h| }ef Q{f|hmfn}. ]efLgkhnf} gnm gbb c}ef{ gqqchn)}ff| g{f cnbx eh| gb}f{ f`c|.]ef Lcn|}h}v}hcn mcf| nc}`hzf }ef Zhlf Q{f|hmfn} gnxFuflv}hzf qcpf{|.

]ef{f‘| g `ccm {fg|cn }efLcn|}h}v}hcn bfj} }ef ZhlfQ{f|hmfn} qcpf{bf||? hzfnFuflv}hzf qcpf{|" }ef ZhlfQ{f|hmfn} ihè} nm }ef }fiq)}g}hcn }c }gdf czf{ q{fig}v{f)bx }cc eg{m }c {f|h|}.

]c {fqfg}" xcv g{f nc} }ef|flcnm)ehèf|} fuflv}hzf.Xcv g{f g |qg{f }h{f. ]ef Nc.; bhlfn|f qbg}f cn xcv{ lg{ hn)mhlg}f| xcv g{f {|} hn }ef bhnf

cj |vllf||hcn" nc}ehn` ic{f.]ef hmfg }eg} }ef ZQ h| g

|egmcp q{f|hmfn}" g| g lcb)vinh|} j{ci gnc}ef{ qgqf{ |v``f|}fm" lcnov{f| vq }ef hi)g`f cj |cifcnf bv{dhn` hn }ef|egmcp| pgh}hn` }c qcvnlf g}}ef fg{bhf|} cqqc{}vnh}x. Xcv

mcn‘} pgn} }c kf }eg} |egmcpx`v{f" mc xcv I{. ZQ3

@chn` kgld }c }ef wvc}fg} }ef }cq cj }ef qg`f" \g{geQgbhn‘| lciqbf}f |}g}fifn} cn}ef zhlf q{f|hmfnlx pg|?

‒G| jc{ }eg} ZQ }gbd gbb}ef }hif" H‘bb }fbb xcv" H |}hbblgn‘} gn|pf{ }eg} wvf|}hcnvn}hb |cifkcmx gn|pf{| jc{ if peg} h| h} fugl}bx }eg}}ef ZQ mcf| fzf{x mgx3 H‘iv|fm }c kfhn` zf{x q{cmvl)}hzf gnm pc{dhn` {fgb eg{m hngn gmihnh|}{g}hcn. Pf pgn}}c igdf |v{f }eg} }eg} ZQ |bc}pcvbm kf g j{vh}jvb }xqf cj qc)|h}hcn" f|qflhgbbx jc{ Gbg|dgn|gnm jc{ }ef }ehn`| }eg} pf‘{f}{xhn` }c gllciqbh|e vq ef{fjc{ }ef {f|} cj }ef V\" kfjc{f Hlgn fzfn |}g{} gmm{f||hn` }eg}wvf|}hcn.’

Ncp xcv dncp pex H |ghmxcv g{f bhdf \g{ge Qgbhn.

[fgm q{fzhcv| g{}hlbf| kx zh|h}hn` cv{ pfk|h}f g} ppp.g|hgnoc)v{ngbv|g.lci

kx G}}x. [c`fbhc Dg{g`mg`" O{.Ifikf{" \}g}f Kg{ cj Lgbhjc{nhg *Hn}f`{g}fm Kg{ cj }ef Qehbhqqhnf|

Qehb ) Gi

Bgp 717

[fgle }efbvl{g}hzf G|hgn

Qglhjl H|bgnmf{Ig{df} kx

gmzf{}h|hn` hn }ef G|hgn Ocv{ngb'

Lgbb %:78( =0=)1655




Qehbhqqhnf\}c{hf|

[fgm \hi \hbzf{hc‘| q{fzhcv| g{}hlbf| kx zh|h}hn` cv{ pfk|h}f g} ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

kx \hifcn @. \hbzf{hc O{.

Legq}f{ ;7

Iff}hn` Bgnmcg`ghn h| bhdf gnhè}ig{f }eg}

H|gkfb nffmfm. \ef dnfp}eg} eh| g{{hzgb hn \gnMhf`c |qfbbfm }{cvkbf" kv}g} }eg} icifn}" ef pg|}ef cnbx cnf pec lcvbm|cbzf ef{ ngnlhgb q{ck)bfi. \ef egm gikbfmgpgx ef{ gbbcpgnlf jc{ }ef icn}e" fzfn }ef qg|}mvf {fn} icnfx ef{ ev|)

kgnm Gbkf{} g|dfm ef{ }c `hzf }c }ef bgnmbc{m.Vnbf|| |ef lgif vq ph}e-7"611.11" ef{ ev|kgnmpcvbm nm cv} ef{ `gi)

kbhn` q{ckbfi|.\ef pgh}fm jc{ cnf ic{f

mgx" kv} pefn |ef lcvbm nc}{gh|f gnx icnfx" |ef egm }clgbb Bgnmc.

‒Xcv |ghm xcv lgn efbqif"’ |ef }cbm ehi.

‒Cj lcv{|f"’ ef |ghm g|}ecvè ef fuqfl}fm }ef lgbb.‒Ecp ivle mc xcv nffm3’

‒H nffm g} bfg|} -7"611.11"’|ef {fqbhfm.

‒H‘bb m{cq kx xcv{ gqg{})ifn} }cic{{cp g} 71 g.i. gnm`hzf xcv g} bfg|} -<"111. Xcvnffm }ef fu}{g bf` {cci.’

‒Nc} ef{f"’ |ef |ghm. ‒Bf}‘|iff} g} IlMcngbm‘| hn LevbgZh|}g.’

H|gkfb jfb} |gjf iff}hn`

Q{cih|fm Bgnm

Hnmflfn} Q{cqc|gbBgnmc pef{f ef{ lcv|hn Mh}g|pc{dfm. Fzfn hj ef{ ev|kgnmGbkf{} |gp ef{ }ef{f" |eflcvbm lbghi |ef pg| }ef{f }czh|h} Mh}g| gnm egm g legnlfiff}hn` ph}e g j{hfnm. PefnBgnmc egnmfm ef{ }ef icnfx"ef g|dfm ef{ }c |h`n g {flfhq}.

‒H}‘| g lciqgnx qcbhlx"’ effuqbghnfm. ‒H}‘| nc} ix icnfx}c bfnm.’

Ef gb|c }cbm ef{ }eg} }efbfnmf{ pg| mfignmhn` ;1&icn}ebx hn}f{f|}.

‒H|n‘} }eg} }cc ivle3’ |efg|dfm.

‒]ef{f‘| nc lcbbg}f{gb" ncl{fmh} lefld" nc wvf|}hcn|g|dfm"’ ef |ghm. ‒Pef{f lgnxcv `f} g mfgb bhdf }eg}3’

]ef hn}f{f|} ihè} kf v|v){hcv| kv} H|gkfb egm nc lechlf.\ef ecqfm |ef lcvbm v|f }effu}{g -7"611.11 g| lgqh}gb g}}ef lg|hnc" {flczf{ ef{ bc||f|gnm qgx ef{ mfk}. Kv} h} pg|nc} }c kf. \ef |vjjf{fm ic{fbc||f| gnm hnlv{{fm ic{f mfk}j{ci Bgnmc. Kx }ef |flcnmicn}e" |ef pg| -71"111 hnmfk}" ph}e hn}f{f|}| {vnnhnèhè.

‒Ecp lgn H {fqgx xcv3’|ef g|dfm Bgnmc g| ef egnmfmgnc}ef{ -;"111 }eg} |ef ov|}

kc{{cpfm.Bgnmc |ihbfm.‒Xcv phbb" mcn‘} pc{{x"’ ef

|ghm fnhìg}hlgbbx.

‒PF‘BB ICZF CV]"’H|gkfb‘| ev|kgnm Gbkf{} gn)

ncvnlfm cnf mgx.‒Pex3’ |ef g|dfm.‒H egzf kffn }{gn|jf{{fm

}c }ef Ngzgb Kg|f hn Nc{jcbd"Zh{`hnhg"’ ef gn|pf{fm. ‒Pfphbb |}gx }ef{f jc{ }ef nfu}jcv{ xfg{|.’

‒Kv} H bhdf \gn Mhf`c"’H|gkfb |ghm. ‒]ef pfg}ef{ h|`ccm gnm H egzf ix lcv|hnMh}g| ef{f.’

‒]eg}‘| peg} xcv |h`nfmvq jc{ pefn xcv ig{{hfm gngzx ign"’ Gbkf{} |ghm. ‒Xcvphbb egzf }c `c pef{fzf{ H gig||h`nfm" fulfq} hn }ef |fg. Hdncp xcv bhdf xcv{ ock g} }eflg|hnc" kv} H gi gj{ghm xcvegzf }c `hzf h} vq.’

H|gkfb jfb} vhb}x. Gbb gbcn`"ef{ ev|kgnm }ecvè} |ef pg|pc{dhn` qg{})}hif g| g lg)|ehf{ g} }ef lg|hnc. Ef mhm nc}dncp h} pg| ov|} g {v|f H|gkfblcnlcl}fm |c |ef lcvbm `gi)

kbf }ef{f mv{hn` }ef mgx. ]eficzf" ecpfzf{" k{cvè} jc{}eg mhbfiig? Ecp |ef lcvbm

qgx }ef -7;"111.11 |ef cpfmBgnmc hn }pc pffd‘| }hif.

]EF NFU] MGX" \EF]CBM BGNMC EF[ Q[CK)BFI.

‒Lgn H qgx xcv cn gnhn|}gbbifn} kg|h|3’ |efg|dfm ehi. ‒G} bfg|} -611)g)icn}e3’

\ef pg| }ehndhn` cj |l{hiqhn` gnm }f{ihng}hn`cnlf gnm jc{ gbb }ef -;11)g)icn}e |ef egm kffn |fnmhn`

}c ef{ ic}ef{ hn }ef Qehbhq) qhnf|. Hn jgl}" |hnlf |ef `c}eccdfm cn `gikbhn`" |eflfg|fm {fih}}hn` }ef icnfx"ivle }c }ef lcn|}f{ng}hcn cj ef{ ici.

‒H} phbb }gdf xcv jc{fzf{ }c {fqgx }ef -7;"111 ph}e}eg} |igbb gicvn}"’ Bgnmc{fqbhfm. ‒Ix kc|| phbb nfzf{ g`{ff }c }eg}.’

‒Ecp gkcv} hj H qgx xcv-611)g)icn}e3’ |ef g|dfm.\ef `v{fm |ef lcvbm gjjc{m}ef gicvn} ph}e }ef -7"611gbbcpgnlf |ef c} j{ci Gb)

kf{}.‒Nc pgx"’ Bgnmc pg|

{i. ‒]ef hn}f{f|} gbcnf h| qhbhn` vq gnm xcv lgnnc} qgx cjj }ef mfk} ph}le |vle gihnhigb qgxifn}.’

‒Ecp gkcv} -7"111)g)icn}e3’ |ef g|dfm. Jhngbbx"|ef egm gllfq}fm }ef jgl} }eg}ef{ -7"611 gbbcpgnlf j{ciGbkf{} pg| }cc ivle jc{ ef{ }c |qfnm hn cnf icn}e.

‒Nc" xcv egzf }c qgx }ef-7;"111 kfjc{f xcv bfgzf kx}ef fnm cj }eh| pffd" c}ef{)ph|f" H phbb }fbb xcv{ ev|kgnmgkcv} xcv{ `gikbhn` q{ck)bfi.’

‒Ef pcn‘} kfbhfzf xcv.’‒H‘bb |ecp ehi gbb }ef

q{cih||c{x nc}f| xcv |h`nfm.’H|gkfb pg| mvikjcvnmfm.

\ef {fgbhfm |ef pg| hn mffq}{cvkbf. Gbkf{} pcvbm nmcv} }eg} |ef pg| bhzhn` gbhf. ]ef{f pg| nc ock g} }ef

lg|hnc" |ef bc|} gbb ef{ icnfxhn `gikbhn`" gnm pc{|f"|ef bhfm gkcv} }efi. Gbkf{}pcvbm mcvk} ef{ hn}f`{h}x. Efpcvbm {fgbhf |ef lcvbm nc}

kf }{v|}fm. ]ef{f pg| nckcmxfb|f |ef lcvbm }v{n }c jc{ efbq.Ef{ lcv|hn Mh}g| pg| bhzhn`g egnm)}c) icv}e fuh|}fnlf.Peg}fzf{ icnfx |ef igmfj{ci ef{ ock g} IlMcngbm‘|"|ef |qfn} jc{ }efh{ ecv|fecbmfuqfn|f| gnm }ef ifmhlgbnffm| cj ef{ ic}ef{ kgld ecif. \ef lcvbm nc} fzfngjjc{m }c kvx nfp lbc}ef| jc{ ef{|fbj pehbf H|gkfb lcvbm|ecq gnx}hif |ef pgn}fmpefn |ef pg| nc} `gikbhn`.

‒Egzf qh}x cn if"’ ngbbx"|ef kf``fm Bgnmc. ‒Xcvdncp H mcn‘} egzf gnx |cv{lfcj hnlcif. H lcvbm nc} qgx }eficnfx hn |vle g |ec{} nc}hlf.H pg| ecqhn` H phbb phn kh`g} }ef lg|hnc gnm qgx gbb ixmfk}| kv} h}‘| nc} qc||hkbfncp.’

Bgnmc g|efm g ih|lehf)zcv| `{hn. Ef ignhjf|}fm }effzhb bccd g q{fmg}c{ mh|qbgxfmg} eh| lc{nf{fm q{fx. Ef bf}H|gkfb l{hfm jc{ g pehbf }cigdf ef{ ic{f mf|qf{g}f gnmg`{ff }c eh| mfignm|.

‒]ef{f h| g |cbv}hcn }c xcv{ q{ckbfi"’ ef |ghm.‒Peg}3’ H|gkfb g|dfm.Bgnmc {fighnfm wvhf} jc{ g

pehbf.‒Peg}3’ H|gkfb g|dfm

g`ghn.Ef k{fg}efm eg{m gnm |ghm?

‒Gbb phbb kf jc{`hzfn hj xcv|qfnm gn gj}f{nccn ph}e if hng ic}fb.’

‒Peg}3’ H|gkfb pg||ecldfm. ‒Nc pgx' Ix ev|)

kgnm phbb dhbb if.’‒Ef mcf|n‘} egzf }c dncp"’

Bgnmc {fqbhfm.H|gkfb pg| |ff}ehn` ph}e

gn`f{.‒[fifikf{" gbb H egzf }c

mc h| `hzf Gbkf{} g lgbb gnm }fbb

ehi gkcv} xcv{ |efngnh`gn|.’H|gkfb jfb} ecqfbf||. Bgn)

mc‘| |f{hcv| }e{fg} pg| {fgb.‒Pex pcn‘} xcv mc h}3’

Bgnmc g|dfm ef{. ‒H}‘| cnbx gcnf)}hif mfgb. Gj}f{ }eg}" H‘i`cnf jc{fzf{ hn xcv{ bhjf. Gbbxcv{ mfk}| g{f jc{`hzfn gnmxcv lgn |}g{} j{f|e hn Zh{`hnhg.Ph}e g lbfgn |bg}f. H}‘| nc} }eg}pf mhmn‘} mc h} kfjc{f. Xcvpf{f ix h{bj{hfnm" {fifi)

kf{3’\}hbb" }ef }ecvè} cj lefg})

hn` cn ef{ ev|kgnm Gbkf{}nfzf{ l{c||fm ef{ ihnm. \efigx nc} egzf bczfm ehi pefn}efx {|} `c} ig{{hfm" kv} |efegm bfg{nfm }c mc |c kflgv|fcj eh| dhnmnf|| gnm `fnf{c|)h}x.

]efn }fg{| |}g{}fm }c cphn H|gkfb‘| fxf|. \ef jfb} efbq)bf|| gnm ih|f{gkbf.

‒L‘icn"’ Bgnmc q{cmmfmef{.

‒Pex mc xcv egzf }c {vhnix bhjf3’ H|gkfb g|dfm. ‒Pexmc xcv pgn} if }c `f} hn}c}{cvkbf3’

‒Xcv pcn‘}"’ ef |ghm. ‒Efphbb nfzf{ dncp. H}‘bb kf ov|}

kf}pffn }ef }pc cj v|.’‒Lgn xcv ov|} jc{`hzf if3

Lgn xcv ov|} gbbcp if }c qgxix mfk} cn gn hn|}gbbifn}

kg|h|3 H phbb qgx -7"111)g)icn}e g| bcn` g| h} phbb }gdf}c qgx fzf{x}ehn` hnlbvmhn`

}ef hn}f{f|}.’‒Xcv mcn‘} vnmf{|}gnm"’Bgnmc |ghm. ‒H mcn‘} nffm }eficnfx. H egzf qbfn}x cj }eg}.Gbb H nffm h| }c egzf lbc|v{f.Pefn Gbkf{} lgif }c xcv{ bhjf" xcv ov|} bfj} if egn`hn`hn }ef gh{. G| hj H gi g mh|qc|)gkbf h}fi ph}e nc jffbhn`|.’

‒Gnm `chn` }c kfm ph}excv phbb k{hn` lbc|v{f3’

‒Xf|. ]eg} pgx" H pcn‘}jffb |c{{x jc{ ix|fbj }ef {f|}cj ix bhjf.’

H|gkfb |}ccm vq gnm pgbdfm}cpg{m| ef{ lg{. \ef mhmn‘}`hzf ehi gn gn|pf{. “ GO

%]c kf lcn}hnvfm (

]c {fgm }ef q{fzhcv| gnm pffdbx hn|}gbbifn}| cj }eh|

|f{hf|" zh|h} ppp.g|hgnocv{)ngbv|g.lci




565

Ifikf{| cj }ef \gn Mhf`c_cc‘| hgn} qgnmg }fgi g{f

q{fqg{hn` }c |fnm }pc `hgn} qgnmg|" \v Bhn gnm _efn _efn}c }ef Pcbcn` Ng}v{f [f|f{zf@hgn} Qgnmg Kh Jfn` Uhg Kg|fhn }ef Qfcqbf‘| [fqvkbhl cj Lehng g| qg{} cj gn hiqc{}gn}hn}f{ng}hcngb lcbbgkc{g}hcn }c|gzf }eh| l{h}hlgbbx fnmgn`f{fm|qflhf|. ]efx phbb nc bcn`f{

kf zh|hkbf }c }ef qvkbhl kf`hn)nhn` cn Icnmgx" Gv`. 7: gnmg{f fuqfl}fm }c mfqg{} \gnMhf`c g} }ef fnm cj }ef |vi)if{.

Nfzf{ kfjc{f eg| cnf cc

|fn} }pc jc{fh`n)kc{n `hgn} qgnmg| }c`f}ef{ }c Lehng. ]ef\gn Mhf`c _cc pg| }ef {|}}c |fnm g qgnmg kc{n cv}|hmfcj Lehng pefn h} |fn} Evg

\GN MHF@C" LG))%Ig{df}ph{f ) Ovbx 78" ;171() Bhnmg Mfzhnf" }ef |fnhc{ zhlf q{f|hmfn} cj ig{df}hn` cj Kg{cng [f|c{} * Lg|hnc" pg|{flfn}bx ecnc{fm ph}e Lg)|hnc Fn}f{q{h|f Igng`fifn}ig`ghnf‘| q{f|}h`hcv| @{fg}Pcifn cj @gihn` gpg{m.

Mfzhnf pg| cnf cj fbfzfnjfigbf lg|hnc fuflv}hzf| j{cigl{c|| }ef ng}hcn |fbfl}fm jc{ cv}|}gnmhn` q{cjf||hcngbh|i"

qf{|fzf{gnlf" m{hzf" lciih})ifn} gnm ifn}c{|ehq ph}ehn}ef `gihn` hnmv|}{x gnmjfg}v{fm hn }ef qvkbhlg}hcn‘|Ovbx h||vf.

]ef @{fg} Pcifn cj @gihn` phnnf{| pf{f lec|fn

kg|fm cn }efh{ |vllf|| hn g}bfg|} }e{ff cj }ef jcbbcphn`g{fg|? gkhbh}x }c `c gkczf gnm

kfxcnm ock {f|qcn|hkhbh}hf|4lciih}ifn} }c lciqgnx gnmlc)pc{df{|4 lcn}{hkv}hcn| }c}ef hnmv|}{x g| g pecbf4 lci)ih}ifn} }c ifn}c{hn`4 gnm|}{cn` czf{gbb bhjf kgbgnlf.

‒Pf g{f zf{x q{cvm cj Bhnmg Mfzhnf jc{ kfhn` {flc`)nhfm g| g }cq q{cjf||hcngb hncv{ hnmv|}{x kv} nc} |v{q{h|fm

kflgv|f |ef eg| bfm }ef fjjc{}ph}e cv{ ig{df}hn` }fgi }c

qv} Kg{cng cn }ef igq g| cnfcj }ef q{fihf{ lg|hnc| hn }eflcvn}{x"’ |ghm Kg{cng‘| @fn)f{gb Igng`f{ [hld \gbhng|.‒Czf{ }ef qg|} 7: xfg{|" |efeg| l{fg}fm lcvn}bf|| gpg{mphnnhn` ig{df}hn` q{c`{gi|jc{ Kg{cng. \ef lcn}hnvf|}c pc{d qg||hcng}fbx gnmmhbh`fn}bx" hn|qh{hn` gbb cj v|.]eh| gpg{m h| fu}{fifbx pfbbmf|f{zfm.’

Bhnmg Mfzhnf {|} ochnfmKg{cng [f|c{} * Lg|hnc hn788= g| }ef mh{fl}c{ cj ig{)df}hn`. Ph}e ic{f }egn ;1xfg{| hn }ef ig{df}hn` gnmgmzf{}h|hn` hnmv|}{x" ef{ fu}fn|hzf dncpbfm`f gnm|}{g}f`hl ig{df}hn` |dhbb| egzf

qbgxfm g dfx {cbf hn l{fg}hn`}ef Kg{cng k{gnm gnm qc|h)}hcnhn` Kg{cng g| g bfgmf{ hn}ef gihn` hnmv|}{x. Hn ef{

qc|h}hcn" |ef czf{|ff| ig{)df}hn` |}{g}f`x" gmzf{}h|hn`"ig{df}hn` |f{zhlf|" hn}f{gl}hzfig{df}hn`" qvkbhl {fbg}hcn|"leg{h}gkbf `hzhn` gnm mh`h}gbig{df}hn`.

Ph}e ef{ qg||hcn gnm vhm)gnlf" }ef ig{df}hn` mfqg{})ifn} g} Kg{cng lcn}hnvf|}c l{fg}f gpg{m)phnnhn`lgiqgh`n|. J{ci }ef {|}

gmzf{}h|hn` lgiqgh`n |efl{fg}fm g} Kg{cng jfg}v{hn`Dfnnx [c`f{| g| }ef {|}lfbfk{h}x |qcdf|qf{|cn hn }efHnmhgn @gihn` hnmv|}{x }c}ef lv{{fn} ‒Bcc|f ]{ccq’gnm ‒Ignvjgl}v{f{‘| Kf|}’lgiqgh`n|" Mfzhnf gnm ef{ ig{df}hn` }fgi egzf {flfhzfmignx hiq{f||hzf hnmv|}{x{flc`nh}hcn| jc{ fulfbbfnlf.Ic|} nc}gkbx" Kg{cng eg|{gndfm jc{ }ef qg|} }pc lcn)|flv}hzf xfg{| ‒Ehèf|} hn

Kg{cng [f|c{} * Lg|hnc‘| BhnmgMfzhnf Ecnc{fm Ph}e @{fg}

Pcifn cj @gihn` Gpg{mLv|}cif{ \g}h|jgl}hcn’ cj \cv}ef{n Lgbhjc{nhg lg|hnc|

kx O.M. Qcpf{ gnm G||clhg}f|.Gmmh}hcngb gllcbgmf| hnlbvmfnvif{cv| [cif{c Gpg{m|"@gihn` Zchlf Gpg{m| j{ci}ef Gif{hlgn @gihn` G||clh)g}hcn" GMMX Gpg{m| j{ci }efGif{hlgn Gmzf{}h|hn` Jfmf{g)}hcn" }ef Gif{hlgn Ig{df}hn`G||clhg}hcn‘| GIX Gpg{m|gnm ]fbbx Gpg{m|.

]eh| qg|} xfg{" Kg{cngmfkv}fm |fzf{gb nfp |}g}f)cj)}ef)g{} lehqbf|| `gif|" g| pfbbg| c}ef{ |}g}f)cj)}ef)g{} lg|hnc}flencbc`x }eg} egzf {flfhzfmhn}f{f|} j{ci hn}f{ng}hcngb }cbclgb ocv{ngbh|}|. Hn gmmh}hcn"Mfzhnf gb|c bfm ef{ }fgi }c|vllf||jvbbx hn}{cmvlf |fzf{gbnfp {f|}gv{gn}| g} }ef lg|hnc"pehle {flfhzfm {gzf {fzhfp|j{ci kc}e Kg{cng qg}{cn| gnm\gn Mhf`c‘| fbh}f jccm l{h}hl|.

Q{hc{ }c ochnhn` Kg{cng"Mfzhnf pc{dfm g} |fzf{gbehèbx){f`g{mfm gmzf{}h|hn`gnm ig{df}hn` g`fnlhf| hn)lbvmhn` C‘\egvènf||x)Qg{{"

Dfnnf}e L. \ih}e Gmzf{}h|)hn`" [cnh Ehld| * G||clhg}f|"gnm pg| }ef ig{df}hn` mh{fl)}c{ jc{ @{c||icn} Lfn}f{. \ef{flfhzfm ef{ Kglefbc{ cj G{}|mf`{ff hn Ocv{ngbh|i ph}e gihnc{ hn Ig{df}hn` j{ci \gnMhf`c \}g}f Vnhzf{|h}x.

Hn }ef lciivnh}x" Bhnmgeg| kffn hnzcbzfm ph}e g zg{h)f}x cj ncn)q{c} c{`gnhg}hcn|gnm eg| |f{zfm cn }ef kcg{m cj ]ef Jcvnmg}hcn jc{ Pcifn"}ef ig{df}hn` lciih}}ff cj }ef \gn Mhf`c Lcnzfn}hcngnm Zh|h}c{‘| Kv{fgv gnm gngmzh|c{x kcg{m ifikf{ ph}eIGMM %Ic}ef{| G`ghn|}M{vnd M{hzhn`(. \ef h| qg|}

q{f|hmfn} cj }ef Gmzf{}h|)

hn` Lbvk cj \gn Mhf`c gnmg {flhqhfn} cj }ef \gn Mhf`cXPLG‘| ]{hkv}f }c Pcifnhn Hnmv|}{x Gpg{m %]PHN(Gpg{m.

Gkcv} Kg{cng [f|c{} *Lg|hnc

Kg{cng [f|c{} * Lg|hnc kbfnm| }ef kf|} cj \gn Mhf`c‘|bfgmhn` {f|c{}| ph}e }ef `gi)hn` fulh}fifn} cj Bg| Zf`g|.BFFM%]I( @cbm Lf{}hfm

kx }ef V.\. @{ffn Kvhbmhn`Lcvnlhb" Kg{cng h| \gn Mh)f`c‘| bfgmhn` mf|}hng}hcn {f)|c{} jfg}v{hn` =11 `vf|} {cci|gnm |vh}f| gbb ph}e kfgv}hjvbzhfp| cj }ef Kg{cng Zgbbfx"g zg{hf}x cj gpg{m)phnnhn`mhnhn` cq}hcn|" }ef GiKhfnlf

Mgx \qg" g jvbb)|f{zhlf fzfn}|lfn}f{ gnm }ef 75)ecbf legi)

qhcn|ehq Kg{cng L{ffd @cbj Lbvk" {g}fm }ef <{m kf|} {f|c{}lcv{|f hn Lgbhjc{nhg kx @cbj)pffd ig`ghnf. Jc{ Kg{cng[f|c{} * Lg|hnc {f|f{zg}hcn|gnm hnjc{ig}hcn" zh|h} ppp.

kg{cng.lci" c{ lgbb }cbb j{ff555)0)KG[CNG %0;;)0::;(.

Xcv lgn gb|c ochn Kg{cngcn Jglfkccd" ]ph}}f{ gnm }efKg{cng Lg|hnc kbc`.

Ifh" }ef {|} `hgn} qgnmg }c kf kc{n hn }ef Vnh}fm \}g}f|gnm |v{zhzf }c gmvb}eccm" hn;11=. \ef pg| jcbbcpfm hn;110 kx gnc}ef{ \gn Mhf`c)

kc{n qgnmg" Ifh \efn`" gnmic|} {flfn}bx" g qgnmg kc{ng} }ef \ih}e|cnhgn‘| Ng}hcngb_cc gnm gnc}ef{ kc{n g} _ccG}bgn}g hn ;171.

‒Pf phbb ih|| \v Bhn gnm_efn _efn" kv} g| g lcn)|f{zg}hcn c{`gnhg}hcn pfg{f gpg{f cj }ef |h`nhlgn}

k{ffmhn` lcn}{hkv}hcn }efxphbb igdf hn }ef q{f|f{zg}hcncj }eh| l{h}hlgbbx fnmgn`f{fm

|qflhf| g} gnc}ef{ qgnmglcn|f{zg}hcn lfn}f{ |vle g|Kh Jfn` Uhg"’ |ghm Lg{ihQfnnx" mh{fl}c{ cj lcbbfl}hcn|gnm ev|kgnm{x |lhfnlf g| pfbb

\gn Mhf`c _cc }c igdfqgnmg eh|}c{x

]pc \gn Mhf`c)kc{n Qgnmg| }c kf \fn} }c Lehng

g| lc)efgm cj }ef \gn Mhf`c_cc‘| @hgn} Qgnmg Lcn|f{zg)}hcn Vnh}. ‒]ef kh{}e cj }ef|f}pc qgnmg| gnm }efh{ }hif|qfn} hn \gn Mhf`c eg| efbqfmv| fu}fnm cv{ dncpbfm`fcj qgnmg khcbc`x. Ph}e }eh|hnjc{ig}hcn pf lgn ghm hn }eflcn|f{zg}hcn cj `hgn} qgnmg|.’

@hgn} qgnmg| g{f cn g{f|fg{le bcgn }c }ef \gn Mhf`c_cc j{ci Lehng }c |}vmx }eh|fnmgn`f{fm |qflhf|. G| qg{}cj }eh| bcn`)}f{i q{c`{gi" }ef\gn Mhf`c _cc h| lcbbgkc{g})hn` ph}e }ef Lehnf|f Glgm)fix cj \lhfnlf hn |}vmhf| cj

kfegzhc{" flcbc x" `fnf}hl|

gnm lcn|f{zg}hcn cj phbm qgnmg| bhzhn` hn }ef Jcqhn Ng}v{f [f|f{zf.

Hn \gn Mhf`c" kc}e \v Bhngnm _efn _efn egzf igmfhnl{fmhkbx zgbvgkbf lcn}{hkv)}hcn| }c }ef _cc‘| {f|fg{le

q{c`{gi| gnm egzf lcn}{hk)v}fm {cvnm)k{fgdhn` mg}gcn qgnmg efg{hn` |fn|h}hzh}x.]ef|f mg}g phbb gbbcp |lhfn)}h|}| }c kf}}f{ f|}hig}f ecpnch|f j{ci evign gl}hzh}hf|igx hiqgl} `hgn} qgnmg| hn}ef phbm.

]f{i| cj }ef bcgn gb|c hnmh)lg}f }eg} Lehng phbb mflhmf }efbclg}hcn cj }ef ecif jc{ gnx`hgn} qgnmg lvk kc{n g} }ef_cc gj}f{ h}| }eh{m kh{}emgx.Jhngb g{{gn`fifn}| g{f kfhn`

igmf }c |fnm 6)xfg{)cbm \vBhn gnm <)xfg{)cbm _efn _efnj{ci }ef \gn Mhf`c _cc }c

Kh Jfn` Uhg" pef{f kc}e EvgIfh gnm Ifh \efn` lv{{fn}bx{f|hmf g| qg{} cj }ef qgnmglcn|f{zg}hcn q{c`{gi. ]efxphbb kf gllciqgnhfm kx }pc|fg|cnfm qgnmg }fgi ifi)

kf{| hnlbvmhn` gn gnhigb lg{f|vqf{zh|c{ gnm |fnhc{ zf}f{h)ng{hgn.

\v Bhn gnm _efn _efn‘|ic}ef{" Kgh Xvn" gnm }efh{ 7)xfg{)cbm k{c}ef{" Xvn _h"phbb lcn}hnvf }c kf |ffn g} }ef\gn Mhf`c _cc.

]ef 711)gl{f \gn Mh)f`c _cc h| mfmhlg}fm }c }ef

lcn|f{zg}hcn cj fnmgn`f{fm|qflhf| gnm }efh{ egkh}g}|. ]efc{`gnhg}hcn jclv|f| cn lcn)|f{zg}hcn gnm {f|fg{le pc{d g{cvnm }ef `bckf" fmvlg}f|ihbbhcn| cj hnmhzhmvgb| g xfg{ gkcv} phbmbhjf gnm ighn}ghn|gll{fmh}fm ec{}hlvb}v{gb" gnh)igb" bhk{g{x gnm qec}c lcbbfl)}hcn|. ]ef _cc gb|c igng`f|}ef 7"511)gl{f \gn Mhf`c_cc \gjg{h Qg{d %eh|}c{h)lgbbx {fjf{{fm }c g| }ef PhbmGnhigb Qg{d(" pehle hnlbvmf|g 811)gl{f ng}hzf |qflhf|{f|f{zf" gnm }ef \gn Mhf`c_cc Hn|}h}v}f jc{ Lcn|f{zg}hcn[f|fg{le. ]ef hiqc{}gn} lcn)|f{zg}hcn gnm |lhfnlf pc{d cj }ef|f fn}h}hf| h| |vqqc{}fm

hn qg{} kx ]ef Jcvnmg}hcn cj }ef _ccbc`hlgb \clhf}x cj \gnMhf`c.

[ckhn * Ig{hfb"

ig{{hfm hn Hnmhg3 QN\ )) Mvig}hn` ng n`g

bg|} \g}v{mgx nhè} |hng [ckhnQgmhbbg g} Ig{hfb [cm{h`vfivbg |g hbgn` g{gp ng qg`)

kgkgdg|xcn |g Hnmhg. Ng hnìghbgq mgp gn` mgbgpg |g

qg`khkh`gx n` qgngxgi |gifmhg ng ngh| igdhkgbh}g dvn`}c}ccn` hdhng|gb ng |hbg.

\gx n` |cv{lf ngihn" pgbg{gp dviqh{ig|xcn c{ mfnhgb

|h Ig{hfb gkcv} }ef pfm)mhn` h||vf g} gn` ng|gkh bgn`mgp n` mgbg`g" igx q{cqf{ }hif qg{g |g`v}hn h}c mgehb |gn`gxcn gx igx ig| hiqc{)}gn}fn` kg`gx ng mgqg} h|hqhng} h}c gx gn` kvn|cn` gngd nh[ckhn ng |h Gbh.

\g qg`mg}hn` dg|h nhbggx igx |gdh} gn` kg}g g}}hngiggn mgp n` ig}hnmhn`gbbf{`x dgxg mgqg} gx qvqvn}g|hbg n` Ng`g bg|} \vnmgx qf{cdhngn|fbg ng nh Khncf qg{giggbg`ggn gn` gngd.

Nfu} pffd gx ngdg)|lefm)vbf ngign |hbgn` qvivn}gn` Ecn` Dcn` g} }e{ff mgx|ngign |hbgn` igpgpgbg.

Dgxg ivdegn` ehnmh qg

}gbg`g igdgdgkgbhd |h Ig{hfb|g Qhbhqhng| Phn ng Phn.



Qg`f 7; Gv`v|} ;0 ) \fq}fikf{ ;" ;171 G|hgn Ocv{ngb ) %:78( =0=)1655 Zh|h} cv{ pfk|h}f g} e}}q?##ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

Mhnnf{ h| |f{zfm.

]ef Gdbgncn| efbm h}| hn)|}gbbg}hcn cj cjlf{| jc{ ;171)

;17; hn \gn Mhf`c bg|} \g}v{)mgx" Gv`v|} 7=}e. M{. If{lx]fiqbcnvfzc ]hi}hign" LM["V\ Ngzx Ifmhlgb Lc{q|"%[f}.( hn|}gbbfm }ef jcbbcphn`cjlf{|? Q{f|hmfn} ) Efmf)bxn Hqgn}c Qjgnmf{" 7|} ZQ) J{fmgn Jf{ngnmf" ;nm ZQ

“Ig{d Bhcnfb4 <{mZQ )Ocfi[cnmg{hc4 \fl{f}g{x ) Ig.J{gvbhfnf \gbgg{ [fbco4 G||}.

Gdbgn G||clhg}hcn cj \gn Mhf`cLcvn}x" Hnl. Hn|}gbbg}hcn cj Cjlf{|

G{cvnm ]cpn

[fgm Lcn{gm [fbco‘| q{fzhcv| g{}hlbf| kx zh|h}hn` cv{ pfk|h}f g} ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci. Fighb? {fbco|}vmhcAxgecc.lci

kx Lcn{gm H. [fbco" O{.

J{ci ]cq B. }c [. 7. Jhb * Hnmgxg| Ngnh" Zgn`hf * ]fm bccd cn

]ef Mfqc|h}g{ Jgihbx ec|}| }ef qg{}x g} }efh{ {f|hmfnlf hn \gn Mhf`c

]gpg ng |g 7)5::)506)50=8 gnm |ff peg} xcv‘zf kffn ih||hn`'

• Gllf|| |g qhngdg|hdg} ng Jhbhqhnc legnnfb|?

]JL" @IG Qhncx ]Z gnm Ixu qbv| czf{ 7;1 Fn`bh|e legnnfb|

• L{x|}gb lbfg{ qecnf lcnnfl}hcn

• Kbghn` jg|} hn}f{nf} |f{zhlf

@f} vb}hig}f lcnnfl}hzh}x u< g} gn vnkfbhfzgkbf q{hlf

$ czf{ 7;1 Fn`bh|e Legnnfb| $ Q $ H

Cjjf{ fnm| 71#1:#71" cn gqq{czfm l{fm}" l{fm} lg{m {fwv{fm %fulfq} n IG* QG(. Nfp lv|}cif{| cnb %bfg|f {fwv{fm" iv|} ign}gn q{c`{giin " MZ[ |f{zlf gnm EM Gllf||(. Eg{mpg{f gzgbgkbf |fqg{g}fb.Bfg|f jff -6.11#ic. jc{ |flcnm gnm fgle gmm}cngb {flfzf{. -78.86 Egnmbn * Mfbzf{ jff ig gqqb.

Ncge" ]JL

]ph|} * \ecv}" ]JL@IG Qhncx ]Z

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77;<8 Lgihnc [vh" \vh}f G\gn Mhf`c" LG 8;7;:

Lehbm gnm gmvb} lg{f jccm q{c`{giqvkbhl |f{zhlf gnncvnlfifn}



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[fgm [cifc Nhlcbg|‘| q{fzhcv| qcfi| kx zh|)h}hn` cv{ pfk|h}f g} ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

Nh [cifc Nhlcbg|

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ocv{ngbv|g.lci

Ohndx? Ignnx" dvnìg`dgdggngd vbf} }gxv gnvig`gnmgn` ngif3

Ignnx? Eii. Fe mh lci) khnf ng bgn` ngif ng}hn…‒IGNDX’......

Gbhn` Mhcnh|hg? @v|}c dcngign qg` ng`dg)gngd dgxcvbh nh Ohndx"

mh bgn` qgn`gbgn nxc qg`|g|gigehn. Mgqg}dg|gbh mhn qgn`gbgndc.

Ignnx? Ccngign ngx" dg|vihmxv igeh{gqxvn.

Gbhn` Mhcnh)|hg? Ehnmh ge" igxngf|fq ng n`g gdcfe.

Ignnx?]gbg`g ―ngx3Gnv3

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kc |g qg`dg)Lcn`{f||ign|g@fn\gn...

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efg{} }c efg{}

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Kg`c }gxc ngèhpgbgx" dgx hnh} n` hxcn` egbhd"Dgeh} h}c‘x |g qh|n`h bgn`" ―mh dc dgxgn` hqg`qgbh}.Qg}vngx bgn` |g qg`}hn`hn` nghhpgn |g g}hn` mhkmhk"―Mh ign h}c xvigxgkcn`" ngng}hbhn` ngdgqhh}.

Egkgn` dh}g‘x ihngig|mgn` vn}h)vn}hn` bvigbgxc"―Mh dc qgn|hn ng igx bvegn` ng`vngegn |g qg`}vbc.Ig{gehb n`g mgig qg {hn gn` egqmh n` qg`dgkh`c"

Ng qg}vbcx nhbhbhehi" qg}vbcx ng }hng}g`c.

Egn``gn` dghbgn }h}hh|hn ng ig`bhehi gn` mgimgihn3Egn``gn` dghbgn ig`qhqh`hb }phn` ig`}g`qc gn` bgnmg|hn3H|g dgxgn` dg|gbgngn dvn` qg}vbcx }g}g`bgxhn3Gn` ngbgkh n` dgegqcn` ng`bgqh} |g qv|c ngihn.

Egnmc` dc gn` }vbgn` h}c |g ig{gihn` Qhncx ng kh`c |gvngn` qg`)hkh`.

[cifc \. Nhlcbg| Kclgvf" Kvbglgn6#;1#;171

[fgbPeg}3

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Mfgjfnhn` |hbfnlf Gbic|} g dhbbf{

Jc``hn` ix zhfp Bhdf pffm| ck|}{vl}hn` cp

Kf}pffn xcv Kf}pffn if

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Jbg|e cj kh` kgn` Gl{c|| ix jglf

Nfzf{ {fgbbx nc}hlhn` ]ef ef{f gnm ncp Jffbhn` |c nvikPh}ehn }ef gif@gif| cj ihnm|

Kfhn` qbgxfm Qbgxfm kx mf|}hnx vqcn v|

]c mcPeg}fzf{ pehi

]ef mh{fl}c{ mf|h{f| Kcvnlhn` j{ci pgbb|

Bhdf flecf| j{ci }ef qg|} Peg}3

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[fgm gkcv} Ihlegfb‘| vqlcihn` kccd cj qcfi| ‒L{v|efm Zhcbf}|’ kx zh|h}hn` cv{ pfk|h}f g} ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

kx Ihlegfb [. ]g`vmhn

¨;171 Ihlegfb [. ]g`vmhn. Gbb {hè}| {f|f{zfm.

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q{clffm| j{ci }ef kccd ‒L{v|efm Zhcbf}|’ }c gn}h)evign}{gjldhn` fjjc{}| hn }ef Lh}x cj Gn`fb|.Lcn}gl} g|hgnocv{ngb<Agcb.lci jc{ ic{f hnjc{ig}hcn.

[fgle }efbvl{g}hzf G|hgnQglhjl H|bgnmf{

Ig{df} kxgmzf{}h|hn` hn }ef

G|hgn Ocv{ngb'Lgbb %:78( =0=)1655

g {fwvh{fifn} jc{ }ef hnh}hg)}hcn cj g mfqfnmfnlx q{clffm)hn`. Ecpfzf{" igoc{h}x cj lcv{} lg|f| hnzcbzf {ficzgbcj lehbm j{ci ecif kflgv|f|gjf}x cj }ef lehbm h| v|vgbbx

g} {h|d g} ecif gnm h} h| kf}}f{ }c f{{ cn }ef |hmf cj |gjf}x.G} }ef mf}fn}hcn efg{hn`" }eflcv{} gqqchn}| lcvn|fb gnmigdf| hnwvh{hf| cj }ef qg{fn}|cj }ef lehbm hnzcbzfm. G} }ef

ov{h|mhl}hcn efg{hn`" }ef lcv{}mf}f{ihnf| hj }ef lehbm pg|gkv|fm" nf`bfl}fm c{ gkgn)mcnfm. ]ef |clhgb |f{zhlf|g`fnlx kfg{| }ef kv{mfn }eg}}ef lehbm eg| |vjjf{fm eg{ic{ }ef |vk|}gn}hgb {h|d cj |vle|f{hcv| eg{i hj }ef lcv{} mcf|nc} }gdf ov{h|mhl}hcn. ]efg`fnlx lgn iff} }eh| kv{mfn}e{cvè |vkih||hcn cj g |clhgb|}vmx {fqc{}. ]ef |clhgb |}vmx{fqc{} iv|} lcn}ghn gbb ig}}f{|{fbfzgn} }c mh|qc|h}hcn gnm g{flciifnmg}hcn jc{ mh|qc|h)}hcn kflgv|f }ef nfu} qeg|f h|}ef mh|qc|h}hcn efg{hn`. G} }efefg{hn`" }ef lcv{} phbb igdf gmf}f{ihng}hcn hj }ef lehbm igx{fighn ph}e }ef lv|}cmhgb qg{)fn} c{ pef}ef{ }ef lehbm iv|}

kf {ficzfm j{ci }ef qg{fn}.G mfqfnmfnlx q{clffmhn` lgnbg|} j{ci : }c ;= icn}e| kf)lgv|f lcv{} `hzf| qg{fn}| }efcqqc{}vnh}x }c {fvnhjx ph}e}ef lehbm{fn. Ph}e igoc{h}x cj \HO lg|f|" }ef{f g{f nc qg{)

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nc} kf hn }ef lehbm‘| kf|} hn}f{)f|} }c kf {f}v{nfm }c eh| eciflcvn}{x. ]eh| mf}f{ihng}hcnigx kf igmf kx }ef ovzf)nhbf lcv{} c{ c}ef{ ovmhlhgb c{ gmihnh|}{g}hzf kcmhf|. ]efV\LH\ q{fjf{| }eg} ovzfnhbflcv{} }c gmm{f|| }eh| h||vf gnm}c igdf |vle g mf}f{ihng)}hcn. ]ef ovzfnhbf lcv{} iv|}mf}f{ihnf }eg} }ef lehbm h|fbh`hkbf jc{ bcn`)}f{i jc|}f{ lg{f. Gmcq}hcn" ecpfzf{" h|}ef q{fjf{{fm qbgn jc{ mfqfn)mfn}| cj }ef ovzfnhbf lcv{}.

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qcbhlx" Ngh qf{|flv}hcn| gnm`fnclhmf.

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Kg{gn`gx Gqgm hn Ocigbh`H|bgnm" Wvfcn Q{czhnlf h|ncp fnocxhn` fbfl}{hlh}x g|g {f|vb} cj |vllf||jvb fuqf{h)ifn}| kx }ef Qehbhqqhnf Lc)lcnv} Gv}ec{h}x cn }ef v|f cj b}f{fm lclcnv} chb %JLLNC(g| khcjvfb hn |}g}hcng{x gnmickhbf fn`hnf|.

]ef JLLNC qbgn} ph}ecnf if}{hl }cn lcq{g lgqgl)h}x pg| hngv`v{g}fm hn }ef

Jhb}f{fm lclc chb fbfl}{hf|Ocigbh` H|bgnm hn Wvfcn

h|bgnm {flfn}bx pehbf }ef ;6)dzg `fn|f} |f} vq kx q{cofl} qg{}nf{ Mfqg{}ifn} cj Fnf{`x}e{cvè }ef Wvfcn Fbfl}{hlLccqf{g}hzf %Wvffblc( pg||ph}lefm cn.

Gnc}ef{ qg{}nf{ h| }efG|hgn gnm Qglhl Lclcnv}Lciivnh}x %GQLL(" gn hn}f{)`czf{nifn}gb c{`gnhg}hcnph}e 76 ifikf{ lcvn}{hf| .]eh| qhbc} q{cofl} ncp q{c)

zhmf| fbfl}{hlh}x }c =0 lcn)|vif{| cv} cj }ef }g{`f}fm 6:ecv|fecbm|.

QLG q{cmvl} mfzfbcqifn}mfqg{}ifn} %QMM( igng`f{ Mhng Ig|g pec |vqf{zh|fm}ef g`fnlx‘| fuqf{hifn}| |ghmOcigbh` H|bgnm pg| lec|fn g|

q{cofl} |h}f |hnlf lcq{g q{hlfhn }ef qbglf h| lefgq pehleigdf| }ef q{cmvl}hcn lc|} cj JLLNC gb|c lefgq.

\ef fuqbghnfm }eg} }c igdf}ef q{clf||hn` qbgn}‘| cqf)

{g}hcn ngnlhgbbx jfg|hkbf" }eflcq{g q{hlf hn }ef bclgbh}x c{ h|bgnm lciivnh}x |ecvbm g}bfg|} kf Q;1#d` c{ bcpf{ gnm}ef mhf|fb q{hlf Q=1#bh}f{ c{ ehèf{.

]ef QLLG gmmfm }eg} }ef q{cmvl}hcn cj JLLNC phbblcn}{hkv}f |h`nhlgn}bx }cigdhn` }ef h|bgnm |fbj){fbhgn}|hnlf lclcnv} h| gkvnmgn}hn }ef qbglf. Lclcnv} Ifmhg\f{zhlf




FZFBXN \GBG_G[ M.M.\.JGIHBX * LC\IF]HL MFN]H\][X

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7<<8 <{m Gzfnvf" Levbg Zh|}g" LG 87877gl{c|| \fgjccm Lh}x" Levbg Zh|}g

FU][GL]HCN\ %Kvnc}(

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]FF]E PEH]FNHN@% \qflhgb 7 E{.( Hn Cjlf Peh}fnhn`‒_CCI’ g| |ffn cn ]Z -;58

FZFBXN \GBG_G[ M.M.\.

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Ifmhlgb Hn|v{gnlf Gllfq}fm

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\G]V[MGX “ ]ef Jhbh) qhnc Gif{hlgn G{}| * Lvb}v{fJf|}hzgb" kf}}f{ dncpn g|JhbGiJf|}" ec|}fm h}| <{m lci)ivnh}x lbfgn vq g} Qc}ciglQg{d cn Qg{gmh|f Zgbbfx [cgmgnm Qc}cigl cn \g}v{mgx.

]ef{f pf{f gkcv} ;6zcbvn}ff{| }eg} hnlbvmfm }efJhbGiJf|} C{`gnhhn` Lci)ih}}ff %JGJCL(" ifikf{|cj }ef lciivnh}x" gnm ehè|leccb |}vmfn}| j{ci Cbxi)

qhgn Ehè \leccb" C}gx [gnleEhè \leccb" gnm \pff}pg}f{ Ehè \leccb.

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kfgv}hjxhn` }ef lciivnh}x.Mv{hn` }ef lbfgn)vq" zcb)

vn}ff{| qhldfm vq }{g|e j{ci}ef |v{{cvnmhn` g{fg. ]ef

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ph}e fgle c}ef{ jc{ jv}v{ffzfn}| gnm zcbvn}ff{ cqqc{}v)nh}hf| }c lcif.

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kc}e fu}fn|hzf ovmhlhgb gnmgmihnh|}{g}hzf fuqf{hfnlf }c}ef lcv{}.’

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,,,

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Ivbhn` h`hnhh} nh Phbbhf" ehnmh|hxg ng`|h|hnvn`gbhn`.

Ig{hhn` |hngkh n` ]Z ec|}"‒hn ix efg{}" hn ix ihnm hn ix|cvb ng`|g|gkh gdc n` dg}c}c)egngn.’

Mvihqfn|g ngign |h Phbbhf|g |hngkh nh I|. Bhn``h} ng dgxg

qhng`)gg{gbgn vignc n` ign)g`fifn} ng hkgbhd |h Phbbhf gxmgehb ig{gih gn` igx gxgp ng kv)igbhd gn` ]Z ec|} egn``gnèhnmh ng`kgkg`c g} |viv)|vncm

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|g pc{d f}ehl| n` dviqgnxg.Gnhxg? ‒Kg|}g gdc" |g hnxcn`

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]Z" ―xvn qc gn` gdhn` qg`dg}gc. Nh ihn|gn" ehnmh gdc ng`hn` qbg|}hl dgeh} dgnhnc. Dvn` ig|g)ig ng` bcck dc" ig|gig. Dvnìg|gxg gdc" ig)|gxg. Qf{c ehnmhgdc ―xvn` ng|g eg{gq n` dgif{gg} ig`kgkg|g n` }fbfq{ciq}f{ g} igx dgkg ng ehnmh }c}cc gn`|hng|gkh.

‒Gn` |gkh nh I|. Bhn``h} ]gn|g dgnxgn` hn}f{zhfp" |g dgn)xgn` |}g}fifn}" ehnmh qg {gp gdcdghbgn`gn` ig`kgbhd. Dghbgn`gndc qg {gp ig`kg`c. Kgdh} dcdghbgn`gn` ig`kg`c3 Ehnmhngign gdc ig|gign` }gc" ehnmhngign gdc igig}gx)}gc" ehnmhngign gdc m{v` qv|ef{. Gn`}gn`hn` `v|}c dc bgn`" igdg) qg`qg|gxg n` i`g Qhbhqhnc" bgbcng ―xvn` igx i`g dg{gimgigng} igx |gdh}.’

Gkgn`gn ng bgn` ng}hn dvn`|ggn egegn}cn` gn` bgeg} n` h}c|g i`g |v|vncm ng g{gp.

Phbbhf [fzhbbgif

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Phbb |ef ih|| @fcjj3 ‒Ccngign. Ef‘| ix {|} bfgmhnìgn gnm ef‘| {fgbbx |vqqc{})hzf. \vqf{ kv|x |hxg n`gxcn

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G{f }efx ncp cn3 ‒Nc. Efdncp| pc{d gn` q{hc{h}x dc.Kv} ef‘| mfnh}fbx kcxj{hfnm

Lg{bg phbb nh|| @fcjj

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Lg{bg Gkfbbgng

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qg |hxg egn``gn` n`gxcn.’

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D{h| Gwvhnc * Ogif| Xgq.




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]ef bgvnle pg| g}}fnmfm kx Bf|bhf Kg||f}}" mfqv}xlehfj cj ih||hcn cj }ef V\fikg||x" pec pg| }ef vf|}cj ecnc{" g| pfbb g| Ov|}hlfVnmf{|fl{f}g{x Oc|f Zhlfn}f\gbgg{" lhzhl gnm qehbgn}e{c)

qx `{cvq|" ncn)`czf{nifn}c{`gnhg}hcn|" bgp fnjc{lf)ifn} g`fnlhf|" gnm kv|hnf||`{cvq|.

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Gllc{mhn` }c }ef Vnh}fm

\}g}f| cj Gif{hlg Mfqg{}ifn}cj \}g}f ]{gjldhn` hn Qf{|cn|{fqc{}" }ef Qehbhqqhnf| h| gigoc{ |cv{lf gnm }{gn|h} g{fgjc{ }{gjldhn`" |qflhlgbbx jc{ jc{lfm bgkc{ gnm q{c|}h}v}hcn.

%\}c{x lcv{}f|x cj Qehbhq) qhnf Mghbx Hnwvh{f{(

Gmzf{}h|f hn }ef

G|hgn Ocv{ngb'

Lgbb %:78( =0=)1655

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}fnmhn` }c cjjf{ gn gll{fmh}fmnv{|hn` q{c`{gi gnm }{hldhn``{gmvg}f| hn}c kfbhfzhn` }efxegm wvgbhfm }c kflcif {f`h|)}f{fm nv{|f|.

G| ignx g|<11 |}vmfn}|

qghm -;1"111fgle }c fn{cbbgnm g}}fnmlbg||f| g} [NBfg{nhn` Lfn}f{"pehle gmzf{}h|fmh}| jg|})}{gld q{c)`{gi jc{ fg{nhn`g kglefbc{ cj |lhfnlf mf`{ffhn nv{|hn` hn bf||}egn }pc xfg{|.

‒Kx l{fg})

hn` }ef hbbv|hcnh} pg| }{ghnhn`jv}v{f {f`h|}f{fmnv{|f|"’ K{cpn|ghm" ‒}ef |leccbmf|}{cxfm }efg|qh{g}hcn| cj evnm{fm| cj |}v)mfn}| pec gb|cbc|} }ecv|gnm|cj mcbbg{| hn pg|}fm }vh}hcn.]ef |leccb phbb |ev} h}| mcc{|}cmgx gnm qgx kgld h}| jc{if{ |}vmfn}| g| jvbbx g| h} lgn.’

Hn }ef |f}}bfifn} nf`c}hg}fm kx K{cpn‘| cjlf cn kfegbj cj }ef Kcg{m cj [f`h|}f{fm Nv{|)hn`" Ovnfbcv Legbhlc Fn}f{hng"cpnf{ gnm cqf{g}c{ cj [NBfg{nhn` Lfn}f{" pehle cqf{)

g}fm cn Phb|eh{f Kcvbfzg{m hnBc| Gn`fbf|" g`{ffm }c lbc|feh| kv|hnf|| gnm qgx zhl}hi|{f|}h}v}hcn cj -611"111. Efgb|c g`{ffm nfzf{ g`ghn }ccqfn g nv{|hn` |leccb hn Lgbh)jc{nhg.

]ef kcg{m" pehle h| }ef|}g}f g`fnlx }eg} czf{|ff|}ef q{gl}hlf gnm fmvlg}hcn cj nv{|f|" kfbhfzf| nc |}vmfn} cj [N Bfg{nhn` Lfn}f{ pg| gkbf}c v|f ef{ mf`{ff }c wvgbhjxjc{ }ef |}g}f‘| nv{|hn` fugic{ kflcif g {f`h|}f{fm nv{|f.Ecpfzf{" }ef kcg{m h| lcn}gl})hn` fzf{x ifmhlgb jglhbh}x hn

Jgdf Nv{|hn` \leccb Lbc|f| gnm G`{ff| }c Qgx -611"111 [f|}h}v}hcn }c

Lefg}fm Jc{if{ \}vmfn}|}ef |}g}f }c pg{n gkcv} vngl)l{fmh}fm |leccb| |vle g| [NBfg{nhn` Lfn}f{.

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hn` Lfn}f{ nfzf{ gqqbhfm }c}ef nv{|hn` kcg{m }c ck}ghngll{fmh}g}hcn g| g |leccb cj nv{|hn`. ]e{ff xfg{| g`c" }ef

kcg{m c{mf{fm }ef |leccb }c

lbc|f. H} gb|c mh|lhqbhnfm }pcbhlfn|fm {f`h|}f{fm nv{|f| g|)|clhg}fm ph}e }ef |leccb gnm

qc|}fm g nc}hlf cn h}| pfk|h}fpg{nhn` q{c|qfl}hzf |}vmfn}|}eg} vngll{fmh}fm |leccb|pf{f cqf{g}hn` hn Lgbhjc{nhg.

Mf|qh}f }ef |l{v}hnx" [NBfg{nhn` Lfn}f{ lcn}hnvfm}c cqf{g}f" }g{`f}hn` ic|}bx

Jhbhqhnc)Gif{hlgn| pecgb{fgmx pc{dfm hn }ef efgb}efbm. ]ef |leccb‘| ig{df})hn` ig}f{hgb| q{cih|fm }ef

q{c`{gi pcvbm" ‒GmzgnlfXcv{ Fmvlg}hcn. Hnl{fg|fXcv{ Fg{nhn`|. \flv{f Xcv{ Jhngnlhgb Jv}v{f.’ Ov|} g|}efx pcvbm hn g {fgb nv{|hn`|leccb" |}vmfn}| }ccd lbg||f|hn gng}cix" ihl{ckhcbc`x gnmbfg{nfm }c mc |v}v{f|. ]efx}{gzfbfm }c }ef Qehbhqqhnf|jc{ g icn}e cj lbhnhlgb |}vmxhn ec|qh}gb| gnm q{h|cn|" gnmg}}fnmfm lbg||f| g} g jc{fh`nnv{|hn` |leccb }eg} gb|c egm

nc} kffn gqq{czfm kx Lgbhjc{)nhg‘| kcg{m.

[N Bfg{nhn` Lfn}f{ dfq}}ef mflfq}hcn `chn` kx ecbm)hn` jc{igb {gmvg}hcn lf{fic)nhf|. Gkcv} 61 cj h}| |}vmfn}|gqqbhfm }c }ef nv{|hn` kcg{m}c }gdf }ef Ng}hcngb Lcvnlhb

Bhlfn|hn` Fugihng}hcn" pehlewvgbhf| nv{|hn` |leccb `{gm)vg}f| }c kflcif bhlfn|fm {f`)h|}f{fm nv{|f|. ]ef |}vmfn}||vkih}}fm }{gn|l{hq}| }eg}

pf{f mflbg{fmj{gvmvbfn}" |c}efx pf{f vngkbf}c iff} }ef fbh)`hkhbh}x {fwvh{f)ifn}| gnm pf{fnc} gbbcpfm }c}gdf }ef bhlfn|hn`fugi. Kflgv|f[N Bfg{n)hn` Lfn}f{ pg|vnbhlfn|fm" ncnfcj }ef lcv{|fpc{d }gdfn }ef{flgn kf lcvn}fm

}cpg{m lciqbf})hn` g Kglefbc{ cj \lhfnlf hn

Nv{|hn`.Cnf |}vmfn}"

Jgh}e" mf|l{hkfmecp |ef gqqbhfm}c [N Bfg{nhn`Lfn}f{ kflgv|f}ef lbg|| |lefm)

vbf gbbcpfm ef{ }c gb|c pc{d gnm ov``bf lehbmlg{f. \efg}}fnmfm lbg||f| jc{ }pc xfg{|"m{hzhn` ;=1 ihbf| }phlf gpffd j{ci Kgdf{|fbm }c Bc|Gn`fbf| ph}e ef{ }pc lehb)m{fn. Pefn |ef {gh|fm wvf|)}hcn|" |vle g| g|dhn` gkcv} }ef|leccb‘| bgld cj lbhnhlgb }{ghn)hn`" }ef |}gjj {fg||v{fm ef{.

‒Ix lehbm{fn" fu)ev|kgnm" k{c}ef{" j{hfnm| gnm fzf{xcnfH pc{dfm ph}e" lgn g}}f|} }cix lciih}ifn} gnm |gl{h)lf H igmf }c lciqbf}f }eh|

q{c`{gi"’ |ef |ghm hn g mflbg){g}hcn. ‒Pf }ef |}vmfn}| egzfbc|} g bc}.’

Hj xcv pf{f g nv{|hn` |}v)mfn} cj [N Bfg{nhn` Lfn}f{"

qbfg|f lcn}gl} }ef G}}c{nfx@fnf{gb‘| Cjlf g} %;7<( 580);111. Jc{ ic{f hnjc{ig}hcngkcv} }ef Lgbhjc{nhg Kcg{m cj [f`h|}f{fm Nv{|hn`" qbfg|f|ff e}}q?##ppp.{n.lg.`cz#



Qg`f ;1 Gv`v|} ;0 ) \fq}fikf{ ;" ;171 G|hgn Ocv{ngb ) %:78( =0=)1655 Zh|h} cv{ pfk|h}f g} e}}q?##ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

Jccm jc{ }ecvè} [fgm q{fzhcv| g{}hlbf| kx zh|h}hn` cv{ pfk|h}f g} ppp.g|hgn)

ocv{ngbv|g.lci

G icv|f bccdfm }e{cvè}ef l{gld hn }ef pgbb }c |ff }efjg{if{ gnm eh| phjf cqfn g

qgldg`f.‒Peg} jccm ihè} }eh| lcn)

}ghn3’ ]ef icv|f pcnmf{fm.Ef pg| mfzg|}g}fm }c mh|)lczf{ h} pg| g icv|f}{gq.

[f}{fg}hn` }c }ef jg{ixg{m"}ef icv|f q{clbghifm }eh|pg{nhn` ? ‒]ef{f h| g icv|f)}{gq hn }ef ecv|f'

]ef{f h| g icv|f}{gq hn }efecv|f'’

]ef lehldfn lbvldfm gnm|l{g}lefm" {gh|fm ef{ efgm gnm |ghm" ‒I{.Icv|f" Hlgn }fbb}eh| h|g `{gzflcn)lf{n}c xcv"

kv} h}h| cj nclcn|f)wvfnlf }cif. H lgnnc}

kf kc}ef{fm kx h}.’

]ef icv|f}v{nfm }c }ef qh`gnm }cbm ehi"‒]ef{f h| g icv|f)}{gq hn }ef ecv|f'

]ef{f h| g icv|f}{gq hn}ef ecv|f'’

]ef qh` |xiqg}ehfm" kv}|ghm" ‒H gi |c zf{x |c{{x" I{.Icv|f" kv} }ef{f h| nc}ehn`H lgn mc gkcv} h} kv} q{gx.Kf g||v{fm xcv g{f hn ix

q{gxf{|.’]ef icv|f }v{nfm }c }ef

lcp gnm |ghm" ‒]ef{f h| gicv|f}{gq hn }ef ecv|f'

]ef{f h| g icv|f}{gq hn }efecv|f'’

]ef lcp |ghm" ‒Pcp" I{.Icv|f. H‘i |c{{x jc{ xcv" kv}h}‘| nc |dhn cjj ix nc|f.’

\c" }ef icv|f {f}v{nfm}c }ef ecv|f" efgm mcpn gnmmfofl}fm" }c jglf }ef jg{if{‘|icv|f}{gq . ... . Gbcnf. . ...

]eg} zf{x nhè} g |cvnmpg| efg{m }e{cvècv} }efecv|f )) }ef |cvnm Cj gicv|f}{gq lg}lehn` h}| q{fx.

]ef jg{if{‘| phjf {v|efm}c |ff peg} pg| lgvè}.

G icv|f }{gqHn }ef mg{dnf||" |ef mhm

nc} |ff h}. H} pg| g zfncicv||ngdf pec|f }ghb pg| lgvè}hn }ef }{gq.

]ef |ngdf kh} }ef jg{if{‘|

phjf.]ef jg{if{ {v|efm ef{ }c}ef ec|qh}gb.

Pefn |ef {f}v{nfm ecif|ef |}hbb egm g jfzf{.

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Kv} eh| phjf‘||hldnf|| lcn}hn)

vfm. J{hfnm|gnm nfhèkcv{|lgif }c |h}

ph}e ef{ g{cvnm }eflbcld.

]c jffm}efi" }ef

jg{if{ kv}le)f{fm}ef qh`.

Kv}"gbg|" }ef jg{if{‘| phjf mhm nc}`f} pfbb...

\ef mhfm.\c ignx qfcqbf lgif jc{

ef{ jvnf{gb }eg} }ef jg{if{ egm }ef lcp |bgvè}f{fm }c

q{czhmf fncvè ifg} jc{ gbb cj }efi jc{ }ef jvnf{gb bvnlefcn.

Gnm }ef icv|f bccdfmvqcn h} gbb j{ci eh| l{gld hn}ef pgbb ph}e `{fg} |gmnf||.

\c" }ef nfu} }hif xcv efg{ |cifcnf h| jglhn` g q{ckbfignm xcv }ehnd h} mcf|n‘} lcn)lf{n xcv" {fifikf{ )))

Pefn cnf cj v| h| }e{fg})fnfm" pf g{f gbb g} {h|d.

Pf g{f gbb hnzcbzfm hn }eh| ocv{nfx lgbbfm bhjf.

Pf iv|} dffq gn fxf cv}jc{ cnf gnc}ef{ gnm igdf gnfu}{g fjjc{} }c fnlcv{g`f cnfgnc}ef{.

Cnf cj }ef kf|} }ehn`| }cecbm cn}c hn }eh| pc{bm h| gJ[HFNM.

]ef Kg`vhc Lh}x G||clhg)}hcn cj \gn Mhf`c h| `chn` }c

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]ef G||clhg}hcn h| lci) qc|fm cj nc} cnbx hnmh`fncv|ng}hzf| cj Kg`vhc Lh}x kv}gb|c }{gn|hfn}| pec egm fh}ef{ {f|hmfm c{ |}vmhfm hn }ef lh}x.]ef qhlnhl" g| hn }ef q{fzhcv|

G |h`nhlgn} q{cofl} cj }ef Kg`vhc Lh}x G||clhg}hcn cj \gn Mhf`c hn ;118 pg| }ef lcbbfl}hcn gnm |fnmhn` cj {fè}hn` `fg{| }c }ef \vn|ehnf Jh{f Zcbvn}ff{| K{h`gmf. ]ef lcbbfl}hcncj `fg{| pg| vnmf{}gdfn kx Lcvnlhb cj Qehbhqqhnf G||clhg}hcnC{`gnhg}hcn Zhlf)Q{f|hmfn} J{fm @gbbg{mc j{ci }ef \gn Mhf`c

Jh{f Mfqg{}ifn}. \fnmhn` }ef `fg{| }c }ef zcbvn}ff{| pg| q{h)ig{hbx vnmf{}gdfn kx Bgbghnf Zfbg|lc" gl}hn` q{f|hmfn}4 Ovbhv|\hn`bgc" zhlf)q{f|hmfn}4 [vmx M. Bhqc{gmg" Q[C4 gnm Qv{g@c{mcn. Qg|} q{f|hmfn} Ng} Ngzg{{c pg| }ef lcn}gl} qf{|cnhn }ef q{cofl}. Gnc}ef{ q{cofl} cj }ef G||clhg}hcn hnzcbzf| }ef

|fnmhn` cj kccd| }c hnmh`fn}| hn }ef Lh}x" q{hig{hbx hn }ef Q. Kv{`c| lciivnh}x. ]ef kccd q{cofl} h| |qfg{efgmfm kx J{fm Igm{hg`g" lv|}cmhgn. Qec}c lcv{}f|x cj Ovnf mfb [c|g{hc.

\M Kg`vhc G||n. Ecbm| Qhlnhl

xfg{|" egm kffn mf|h`nfm }cfn`g`f ifikf{| gnm zh|h}c{|

}c {fihnh|lf }efh{ |}gx gnm g|)|clhg}hcn| hn }ef Lh}x cj Qhnf|.

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kflcif }ef glgmfihl lfn}f{ cj Nc{}ef{n Bvcn.

]ef gnnvgb qhlnhl h| kf)hn` efbm fzf{x \fq}fikf{ hnlcn|cngnlf ph}e }ef leg{}f{ jcvnmhn` cj }ef lh}x hn \fq)}fikf{ 7" 7818.

Jc{ ic{f hnjc" lcn}gl} Bg)bghnf g} 565)6:5)5=85 c{ Qv{gg} :78)515)88;6.

%\gl{gifn}c( ) Zgllhng)}hcn| kcc|} g lehbm‘| hiivnf

|x|}fi gnm efbq q{c}fl} dhm| j{ci |f{hcv| hnjfl}hcn| gnm mh|fg|f|. H}‘| f|qflhgbbx hi)

qc{}gn} jc{ qg{fn}| }c igdf |v{f lehbm{fn vnmf{ g`f 6{flfhzf lf{}ghn lehbmeccm zgl)lhng}hcn| }c efbq dffq }efiefgb}ex g| }efh{ kcmhf| `{cpgnm hiivnf |x|}fi| mfzfbcq.

Gllc{mhn` }c }ef Lfn}f{| jc{ Mh|fg|f Lcn}{cb gnm Q{f)zfn}hcn %LML(" zgllhnf)q{f)zfn}gkbf mh|fg|f| g{f ncp g} c{ nfg{ {flc{m bcp| “ }egnd|}c zgllhng}hcn|. Kfjc{f zgl)lhnf|" ignx lehbm{fn |vjjf{fm

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Gv`v|} h| Ng}hcngb Hi)ivnhg}hcn Gpg{fnf|| Icn}egnm" g| dhm| `f} {fgmx }c |}g{}

q{f|leccb gnm dhnmf{`g{}fn" Jh{|} 6 Lgbhjc{nhg q{czhmf| qg{fn}| gnm lg{f`hzf{| gn)

|pf{| }c j{fwvfn}bx g|dfm wvf|}hcn| gkcv} zgllhng}hcn|.

[fifikf{ }c gb|c lcn|vb} ph}e g jgihbx mcl}c{ jc{ xcv{ lehbm‘| |qflhl nffm|.

Pefn mcf| ix lehbm nffm}c kf zgllhng}fm3

Qfmhg}{hlhgn| gmzh|f }eg}lehbm{fn {flfhzf }efh{ {|} zgl)lhng}hcn g} kh{}e. Xcv{ bclgbefgb}e mfqg{}ifn} c{ jgihbxmcl}c{ lgn q{czhmf xcv ph}egn hiivnhg}hcn |lefmvbf gnmefbq xcv mflhmf peg} h| kf|}jc{ xcv{ lehbm. Hiivnhg}hcn|lefmvbf| gnm `vhmfbhnf| g{fgb|c gzghbgkbf cn }ef Lgbh)jc{nhg Mfqg{}ifn} cj QvkbhlEfgb}e Pfk |h}f g} ppp.lmqe.lg.`cz.

Pex |ecvbm ix lehbm kfzgllhng}fm3

Lehbmeccm zgllhnf| egzfdfq} lehbm{fn hn }ef V.\.efgb}ex jc{ ic{f }egn 61xfg{| gnm egzf q{czfn }c kffjjfl}hzf hn q{fzfn}hn` ignxmh|fg|f|. ]ef Jccm gnm M{v`Gmihnh|}{g}hcn" gbcn` ph}e}ef LML" Gif{hlgn Glgmfixcj Qfmhg}{hl| gnm Gif{hlgn

Mcn‘} Pgh} }c Zgllhng}f G Qg{fn}‘| @vhmf }c Hiivnhzg}hcn|

Glgmfix cj Jgihbx Qex|h)lhgn| fn|v{f gbb zgllhnf| g{flcn}hnvgbbx }f|}fm gnm hn|qfl})fm }c kf |v{f }efx g{f |gjf jc{ dhm|.

Ecp ivle mc zgllhnf|lc|}3

Zgllhnf| g{f gzghbgkbf }cgbb lehbm{fn" {f`g{mbf|| cj

jgihbx hnlcif. Ignx efgb}elg{f qbgn| q{czhmf lehbm{fn‘|zgllhnf| jc{ j{ff c{ jc{ g|igbb jff. Lgbhjc{nhg q{c`{gi|Efgb}ex Jgihbhf| gnm Ifmh)Lgb gb|c cjjf{ j{ff hiivnhg)}hcn| jc{ fbh`hkbf lehbm{fn.

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G{{hzf cn }hif jc{ }efmcl}c{‘| gqqchn}ifn} gnm

k{hn` xcv{ lehbm‘| jgzc{h}f }cx" kccd" c{ |ngld }c lcijc{} gnmdffq xcv{ lehbm cllvqhfm hn}ef pgh}hn` {cci. Igdf |v{f}c `hzf xcv{ lehbm g kh` ev`gj}f{ }ef zgllhng}hcn |ec}'

Jh{|} 6 Lgbhjc{nhg fnlcv{)

g`f| qg{fn}| }c bfg{n ic{fgkcv} zgllhng}hcn| gnm pgx|}c efbq q{c}fl} xcvn` dhm| gnmdffq }efi efgb}ex. Jc{ ic{fhnjc{ig}hcn" lcn}gl} Jh{|} 6Lgbhjc{nhg g} %%511( DHM\)1;6c{ zh|h} ppp.{|}6lgbhjc{nhg.lci#qg{fn}|.

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Jhbhqhnc)cpnfm kv| kcmx kvhbmf{ Gbigc{g Ic}c{| Lc{) qc{g}hcn %GIL( gnm Ih}|vkh)|eh Ic}c{| Qehbhqqhnf| Lc{q.g{f }xhn` vq jc{ }ef g||fikbxcj ‒KFFQ’ %Kv|)offq(" gnm {h)zgb H|vv Qehbhqqhnf| h| ignv)jgl}v{hn` }ef ‒Ihl{ckv|’ g|gn gb}f{ng}hzf ig|| }{gn|qc{}zfehlbf }c }ef qcqvbg{ qvkbhlv}hbh}x zfehlbf }ef offqnfx.

IIQL LFC gnm q{f|h)mfn} Ig|gehdc Vfdh |ghm }eg}‒KFFQ’ pcvbm kf gzghbgkbfjc{ |gbf hn Ovnf }eh| xfg{ g} gnhnh}hgb q{hlf cj Q7.5 ihbbhcnpehbfHQL| ‒Ihl{ckv|"’ eg| g

q{hlf {gn`f cj Q7.; ihbbhcn }cQ7.6 ihbbhcn.

]ef KFFQ kcmx h| bclgbbxmf|h`nfm gnm ignvjgl}v{fm kxGbigc{g Ic}c{|" pehbf }efleg||h| h| |vqqbhfm kx IIQLv|hn` k{gnm)nfp JV\CLgn}f{ bhè} mv}x }{vld pehlelciqbhf| jvbbx ph}e Qehbhqqhnffih||hcn gnm |gjf}x {f`vbg)

}hcn|.‒IIQL ghi| }c jvbbb h}|

{cbf g| gn gv}cic}hzf hnmv|}{x

Ih}|vkh|eh"H|vv q{cmvlf

Ihl{ckv|f|jc{ [Q ig{df}

iczf{ hn }ef Qehbhqqhnf flcn)cix gnm |clhf}x }e{cvè }efhn}{cmvl}hcn cj }eh| KFFQ"’Vfdh |ghm.

]ef ‒KFFQ’ h| g ihl{c)|hfm kv| pehle h| |vh}gkbf jc{ l{cpmfm lh}hf| |vle g| If}{cIgnhbg. H} pg| mf|h`nfm jc{ }ef q{hig{x qv{qc|f cj icm)f{nhhn` If}{c Ignhbg‘| qvk)bhl }{gn|qc{} v|hn` gn fn}h{fbxnfp leg||h|" ef |ghm.

‒]ef gv}c hnmv|}{x |ecvbmnc} cnbx lg{f gkcv} |fbbhn`

k{gnm)nfp zfehlbf| kv} gb|c}gdf g bfgm {cbf hn hiq{czhn`}ef ig|| }{gn|qc{} |x|}fi.Gnm |hnlf nc g||fikbf{ eg|{fgbbx qv{|vfm }c icmf{n)hf }ef qvkbhl }{gn|qc{}g}hcn"

IIQL g| g |clhgbbx {f|qcn|h) kbf gv}cic}hzf lciqgnx egzflcbbgkc{g}fm ph}e Gbigc{g }clcif vq ph}e g kf}}f{ |cbv}hcnjc{ ig|| }{gn|qc{}g}hcn"’ Vfdhgmmfm.

]ecvè }ef q{hlf h| mcvkbf}eg} cj g k{gnm nfp JU vnh}"Vfdh |ghm }ef KFFQ pcvbm fn)|v{f mcvkbf {fzfnvf qc}fn}hgb|hnlf h} eg| ic{f |fg}hn` lg)

qglh}x. [f}v{n cj hnzf|}ifn} h|fuqfl}fm }c kf jg|}f{ kflgv|fcj ehèf{ {fzfnvf lciqg{fm}c offqnfx|.

Hn gmmh}hcn" |hnlf }ef KFFQv}hbhf| fn}h{fbx nfp }{vld leg||h|" zfehlbf ngnlhn` h|gb|c qc||hkbf }e{v }ef kgnd|.Kgnd| nc{igbbx mc nc} gbbcpngnlhn` jc{ fzfn k{gnm nfp

offqnfx| |hnlf h} h| kgldxg{mg||fikbfm gnm v}hbhf| |v{)

qbv| lciqcnfn}|. Hn|qh{fm kx

Fv{cqfgn @{vgv Ihl{ckv|pehle fufiqbhf| |gjf}x"lcnzfnhfnlf gnm icmf{nh|i"}ef KFFQ h| mf|h`nfm jc{ v|fg| lh}x qg||fn`f{ |f{zhlf.

H} eg| g |fg}hn` lgqglh}x cj ;: qg||fn`f{| %|fg}hn` jc{ 75hnlbvmhn` m{hzf{ gnm |}gnmhn`jc{ 5(.

]ef KFFQ {f|qcnm| g| gjfg|hkbf cq}hcn }c gbbfzhg}f

qcbbv}hcn gnm gb|c }ef pc{|fn)hn` }{gjl q{ckbfi hn If}{cIgnhbg ph}e h}| gqq{cq{hg}f|hf gnm lciqbhgnlf }c fih|)|hcn |}gnmg{m|.

]ef czf{nifn} {fl)c`nhf| }eg} }ef offqnfx h|g q{ckbfi }eg} eg| mffm|cbv}hcn. ]ef Mfqg{}ifn} cj

]{gn|qc{}g}hcn gnm Lciiv)

nhlg}hcn %Mc]L( eg| {fqc{}fm}eg} offqnfx| lcn}{hkv}f 61&cj }ef qcbbv}hcn hn Ignhbg.Gb|c }ef }{gjl cp hn If}{cIgnhbg h| pc{|fnfm kx czf{)|hfm offqnfx| ph}e fulf||hzf}v{nhn` {gmhv| }eg} v|vgbbxlbc` }ef V)}v{n |bc}|.

Lv{{fn}bx }ef offqnfx qcqvbg}hcn g| {fqc{}fm kx}ef Mc]L h| g{cvnm =11"111vnh}|" 01"111 cj pehle g{f hnIf}{c Ignhbg.

Lbg||hjfm Gm|

Lehfj LccdJvnl}hcn| hnlbvmf [flhqf Mfzfbcqifn}"Ifnv Qbgnnhn`" Dh}lefn Igng`fifn}"

[gp Ig}f{hgb Qv{leg|hn`" Wvgbh}x Lcn}{cb"Fuqf{hfnlf hn Lciif{lhgb Dh}lefn gnm

dncpbfm`f hn Jhbhqhnc

Lvh|hnf4 Bclg}hcn| hn Ng}hcngb Lh}x c{ ]fiflvbg

Jvbb)}hif qc|h}hcn ph}e kfnf}| g{fgzghbgkbf. Nc pffdfnm| cjj.

Qbfg|f jgu xcv{ {f|vif }c 555)5=7)7::; c{ lcn}gl} Nc{g g} :78)=00)0107

Hiq{czf xcvL[FMH] \LC[F

Mfk} Lcn|cbhmg}hcnKv|hnf|| Lcn|vb}hn`

Jg{if{| Jhngnlhn`gnm J{ff Kgnd{vq}lx Gmzhlf Nc Eg||bf|

Lgbb Bhnmg K{xf{ ]cmgx7)511)800);7=8

PGN]FM HIIFMHG]FBX Lg{f`hzf{|#m{hzf{" bhzf)hn"{f|hmfn}hgb lg{f jglhbh}x hn

F|lcnmhmc G{fg.

Fuqf{hfnlf nc} {fwvh{f. \cifkfnf}| * hnlfn}hzf|.Lcn}gl}? Bh %565( 0=5)5175

\FNHC[ QVKBHL CV][FGLE CJJHLF[\

]ef \fnhc{ Qvkbhl Cv}{fgle Cjlf{ phbb lcc{mhng}f lciivnhlg}hcn |}{g}f`hf| }eg} q{cic}f \GNMG@ q{co)fl}| gnm fn|v{f g |}{cn`" qc|h}hzf hmfn}h}x gicn` gbb gvmhfnlf|. Wvgbhlg}hcn|? Kglefbc{‘| mf`{ff ph}e igoc{ lcv{|fpc{d hn ocv{ngbh|i" lciivnhlg}hcn|" ig{df}hn`" qbgnnhn`" c{ g {fbg}fm fbm" gnm g} bfg|} zf xfg{| cj q{c`{f||hzf lg{ff{ mfzfbcqifn} hn g lciivnhlg}hcn|#qvkbhl hnjc{ig}hcn fnzh{cnifn}" q{fjf{gkbx |vqqc{}hn`{f`hcngb qbgnnhn gnm#c{ lgqh}gb hiq{czfifn} q{cofl}|. ]pc bhih}fm }f{i qc|h}hcn| g{f gzghbgkbf. \GNMG@cjjf{| lciqf}h}hzf |gbg{hf| gnm kfnf}|. Zh|h} ppp.|gnmg`.c{`#ock| c{ lgbb %:78( :88)7811 jc{ hnjc{ig}hcn.Lbc|f|? \fq}fikf{ 71" ;171. FCF.

\clhgb \f{zhlf| ]{gn|qc{}g}hcn Gmzh|c{x Lcvnlhb %\\]GL(Nc}hlf cj Qvkbhl Iff}hn`

]ef \clhgb \f{zhlf| ]{gn|qc{}g}hcn Gmzh|c{x Lcvnlhb h| gn gmzh|c{x {cvq }c \GNMG@ lcn|h|}hn` cj 70 ifikf{|{fq{f|fn}hn` |clhgb |f{zhlf g`fnlhf|" hnmhzhmvgb|" }{gn|qc{}g}hcn q{czhmf{|" gnm }ef Lcn|cbhmg}fm ]{gn|qc{}g}hcn\f{zhlf| G`fnlx. ]ef Lgbhjc{nhg Qvkbhl V}hbh}hf| Lcmf {fwvh{f| \\]GL ecbm g} bfg|} cnf Qvkbhl Iff}hn` fgle xfg{ jc{ }ef qv{qc|f cj |cbhlh}hn` hnqv} cn }{gn|qc{}g}hcn nffm| j{ci |fnhc{|" qf{|cn| ph}e mh|gkhbh}hf|" gnm qf{|cn| ph}ebhih}fm ifgn|. ]ef iff}hn` gb|c q{czhmf| gn cqqc{}vnh}x jc{ qvkbhl lciifn} cn }ef q{cqc|fm Lcc{mhng}fm Qvkbhl]{gn|h} gnm Evign \f{zhlf| ]{gn|qc{}g}hcn Qbgn %Lcc{mhng}fm Qbgn( kfhn` q{fqg{fm kx \GNMG@.

Ifikf{| cj }ef qvkbhl g{f hnzh}fm }c q{czhmf }f|}hicnx g} }ef vqlcihn` \\]GL iff}hn`" pehle phbb kf efbm hn}ef \GNMG@ cjlf| hn Mcpn}cpn \gn Mhf`c" c{ zhg zhmfc lcnjf{fnlf j{ci }ef cjlf cj Nc{}e Lcvn}x ]{gn|h}Mh|}{hl} hn Clfgn|hmf.

Icnmgx" \fq}fikf{ ;0" ;171 ) 71?11 g.i.\GNMG@" Lcnjf{fnlf [cci 5K

=17 K \}{ff}" \vh}f 511\gn Mhf`c" LG 8;717

Nc{}e Lcvn}x ]{gn|h} Mh|}{hl}Zhmfclcnjf{fnlf Iff}hn` [cci" ;nm cc{

571 Ih||hcn GzfnvfClfgn|hmf" LG 8;16=

G} }ef iff}hn`" \GNMG@ |}gjj phbb q{czhmf g k{hfj q{f|fn}g}hcn cn }ef Lcc{mhng}fm Qbgn jc{ \gn Mhf`c Lcvn}x.]ef Lcc{mhng}fm Qbgn hnlbvmf| |}{g}f`hf| jc{ kf}}f{ lcc{mhng}hn` qvkbhl }{gn|h} gnm evign |f{zhlf }{gn|qc{}g}hcngnm efbq| m{hzf jvnmhn` mflh|hcn| jc{ ivb}hqbf |qflhgbhfm }{gn|qc{}g}hcn `{gn}|. ]eh| qvkbhl efg{hn` lchnlhmf|ph}e }ef qvkbhl lciifn} qf{hcm jc{ }ef m{gj} Lcc{mhng}fm Qbgn. Hnmhzhmvgb| g}}fnmhn` }ef iff}hn` g{f fnlcv{g`fm}c q{czhmf lciifn}| cn }ef Lcc{mhng}fm Qbgn c{ {gh|f c}ef{ h||vf| qf{}hnfn} }c }{gn|qc{}g}hcn nffm| cj |fnhc{|" qf{|cn| ph}e mh|gkhbh}hf|" gnm bcp)hnlcif hnmhzhmvgb|.

]ef iff}hn` bclg}hcn| g{f gllf||hkbf kx qvkbhl }{gn|h}. Qecnf 677 c { |ff ppp.677|m.lci jc{ {cv}f hnjc{ig}hcn.

Hn lciqbhgnlf ph}e }ef Gif{hlgn| ph}e Mh|gkhbh}hf| Gl}" \\]GL phbb gllciicmg}f qf{|cn| pec {fwvh{f g||h|}gnlfhn c{mf{ }c qg{}hlhqg}f g} }ef|f iff}hn`|. Hj |vle g||h|}gnlf h| {fwvh{fm" qbfg|f lcn}gl} \GNMG@ g} %:78(:88)7811g} bfg|} 0; ecv{| hn gmzgnlf cj }ef iff}hn`.

%Lcn}hnvfm j{ci qg`f ;;(

\vqf{hn}fnmfn} [ciifbIh{gnmg" }ef |qcdf|ign cj }ef Ng}hcngb Lgqh}gb [f`hcngb QcbhlfCjlf h| |f} }c bfgzf jc{ }ef Vnh} )fm \}g}f| g| }ef {|})fzf{ qcbhlfcjlhgb }c kf `hzfn g |}vmx `{gn}vnmf{ }ef Phbbhgi Jvbk{hè} Jc{)fh`n \lecbg{|ehq Q{c`{gi.

H} h| }ef |flcnm }hif Ih{gnmg qg||fm }ef {h`hm fugihng} hcngnm |fbfl}hcn q{clf|| }c kf gJvbk{hè} |lecbg{" kv} ef jghbfm}c }gdf eh| {|} |}vmx `{gn} g|eh| |vqf{hc{| nffmfm eh| |f{zhlf|

ef{f.‒H} h| nc} cnbx gn ecnc{ jc{ if kv} gb|c jc{ }ef fn}h{f qcbhlfc{`gnhg}hcn kflgv|f h} cnbx q{czf| }eg} p f lgn gb|c |}{ hzf jc{ glgmfihl fulfbbfnlf mf|qh}f cv{ efl}hl |lefmvbf"’ ef |ghm.

Gj}f{ ef pg| jc{lfm }c `hzfvq }ef {|} cqqc{}vnh}x" Ih{gnmg|ghm ef hiifmhg}fbx gqqbhfm jc{ }ef |flcnm }hif bg|} xfg{" }eh|}hif" ic{f mf}f{ihnfm }c `{gk}ef cqqc{}vnh}x hj `hzfn g |flcnmlegnlf.

Gnm h} mhm" lcn{ifm kx }pcbf}}f{| j{ci Ocen \fmbhn|" }eflehfj cj }ef Eviqe{fx Jfbbcp)|ehq| gnm Hn|}h}v}hcngb Bhndg`f|"Cjlf cj @bckgb Fmvlg}hcn Q{c)`{gi| gnm Gnh}g IlK{hmf" legh{)ign cj }ef Jvbk{hè} \lecbg{|ehqKcg{m.

]ef Eviqe{fx Q{c`{gi"

Ih{gnmg |ghm" h| vnmf{ }ef Jvb) k{hè} Q{c`{gi.

‒H pgn} }c lcn`{g}vbg}f xcvcn xcv{ |fbfl}hcn g| ;171);177Evkf{} Eviqe{fx Jfbbcp… }efQ{c`{gi q{czhmf| xcv ph}e gvnhwvf cqqc{}vnh}x }c fnegnlfxcv{ bfgmf{|ehq gnm q{cjf||hcngb|dhbb| }ecvè lbc|f hnzcbzfifn}ph}e lcbbfg`vf| hn }ef Vnh}fm\}g}f|"’ |ghm \fmbhn| hn g bf}}f{ |fn} }c Ih{gnmg cn Igx <.

‒Xcv{ |fbfl}hcn jc{ g Evi) qe{fx Jfbbcp |ehq h|" hn h}|f bj" gnglehfzfifn} jc{ pehle xcv lgn ov|}bx q{cvm cj. G| g Eviqe{fxjfbbcp" xcv phbb ochn }ef {gnd|cj mh|}hn`vh|efm qg{}hlhqgn}| hn}ef Jvbk{hè} q{c`{gi"’ |ghmIlK{hmf jc{ ef{ qg{}.

Kg|fm cn }ef Q{c`{gi Qbgn ef|vkih}}fm" Ih{gnmg |ghm ef lec|f}ef g{fg cj Bgp gnm Evign

[hè}| g| ef kfbhfzf| }eg} }ef{f h|g nffm }c fnegnlf }ef iflegnh|icj }ef Qehbhqqhnf Ng}hcngb Qcbhlf%QNQ( gnm kx mchn` |c" pcvbmhiq{czf }ef qvkbhl‘| qf{lfq}hcn

Jhbhqhnc qcbhlf cjlf{ h| 7|} }ckf `hzfn Jvbk{hè} |lecbg{|ehq

gnm |vqqc{} }c }ef ng}hcngb qcbhlfc{`gnhg}hcn hn }ef Qehbhqqhnf|.

Peg} fnlcv{g`fm ehi }c qv{|vf |vle g fbm" Ih{gnmgfuqbghnfm" h| }ef q{fzghbhn` nf`g)}hzf qf{lfq}hcn hn }ef qcbhlf‘|{f|qfl} jc{ evign {hè}|" peg}ph}e }ef zg{hcv| lcn}{czf{|hf|}eg} eh} }ef c{`gnhg}hcn |vleg| gbbf`g}hcn| cj ‒{vkcv}|’ gnm qcbhlf k{v}g bh}x.

Ih{gnmg |}{f||fm }eg} }efdncpbfm`f }eg} ef pcvbm ck)}ghn vnmf{ }ef q{c`{gi pcvbm

efbq ehi lcn}{hkv}f hn l{gj}hnìfg|v{f| }eg} pcvbm hiq{czf }efQNQ‘| qf{jc{ignlf hn }ef fbm cj evign {hè}|.

‒Hn|}h}v}hcngbhhn` ifg|v{f|jc{ }ef {f|qfl} gnm ck|f{zgnlf cj evign {hè}| nc} cnbx bf||fn }ef{h|d jc{ qc}fn}hgb bc||f| ph}ehn}ef c{`gnhg}hcn. H} q{cic}f|

kf}}f{ qf{jc {ignlf cj qcbh lf)ifn" fnegnlf| }ef c{`gnhg}hcngbhig`f gnm hn }ef fnm" lcn}{hkv}f|}c czf{ngnlf gnm }c }ef mf)zfbcqifn} cj }eh| lcvn}{x" kc}eflcncihlgbbx gnm |clhgbbx"’ |ghmIh{gnmg.

Ih{gnmg h| |lefmvbfm }c bfgzfcn Gv`v|} 6 jc{ g 71)icn}e|leccbhn` q{c`{gi hn }ef Vnh}fm\}g}f| vnmf{ }ef lcv{|f| cn Ev)ign [hè}|" Hn}f{ng}hcngb \}gn)mg{m| gnm Lcnzfn}hcn cn Evign[hè}| gnm V|f cj Jc{lf hn BgpFnjc{lfifn}.

]ef Evkf{} Eviqe{fxQ{c`{gi" vnmf{ }ef Jvbk{hè}Q{c`{gi" pg| l{fg}fm hn 7805ph}e }ef qv{qc|f cj k{hn`hn`gllciqbh|efm q{cjf||hcngb| j{cizg{hcv| lcvn}{hf| hn }ef Vnh}fm\}g}f| jc{ g ncn)mf`{ff |}vmx gnm{fbg}fm q{cjf||hcngb fuqf{hfnlf|.

G }c}gb cj <11"111 Jvb) k{hè}f{| egzf qg{}hlhqg }fm hn}ef q{c`{gi |hnlf h}| hnlfq}hcnpef{fhn |cif cj }ef gbvinh kflgif efgm| cj |}g}f" ovm`f|"gikg||gmc{|" lgkhnf} ihnh|}f{|gnm c}ef{|.

%\}c{x lcv{}f|x cj IgnhbgKvbbf}hn(



Qg`f ;< G|hgn Ocv{ngb ) %:78( =0=)1655 Zh|h} cv{ pfk|h}f g} e}}q?##ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci Gv`v|} ;0 ) \fq}fikf{ ;" ;171

Pex }ef [hm`f g} Lgnxcn Pccm|h| }ef kf|} kvx jc{ xcv

H} h| gb{fgmx kvhb} gnm }ef{fjc{f nc {h|d hnzcbzfm. Ph}e cnbx 71& mcpn7. qgxifn}" xcv lgn gb{fgmx iczf hn" v|f gnm fnocx xcv{ qbglf.H} eg| g kfgv}hjvb zhfp cj ]ggb Zcblgnc gnm }ef Bgdf.;.H} h| gn hmfgb {f}h{fifn} g| pfbb g| zglg}hcn qbglf<.H}| fbfzg}hcn h| gbic|} <"111 jff}" q{czhmhn` g lccb lbhig}f gnm gn fnzh{cn)=.

ifn}gbbx)j{hfnmbx |v{{cvnmhn`.]ef{f g{f cnbx g jfp vnh}| bfj}" cnbx <5 {f|hmfn}hgb lcnmc| pfbb)fwvhqqfm6.ph}e gqqbhgnlf| gnm g{f {fgmx jc{ cllvqgnlx. ]ef vnh}| lcif hn 7" ;" * < kfm{cci|" gb b ph}e lcnmcihnhvi gifnh}hf| bhdf kfhn` lgkbf {fgmx" icmv)bg{ lgkhnf}|" |}gnmkx `fnf{g}c{|" fbfzg}c{|" hnmcc{ |phiihn` qccb" jvnl)}hcn {cci|" }nf|| lfn}f{" `xi gnm g lbvk ecv|f.G| cpnf{" xcv gv}cig}hlgbbx kflcif g ifikf{ cj }ef Lcvn}{x Lbvk gnm:.}ef @cbj Lcv{|fPf‘{f gkbf }c g{{gn`f g Mcpn Qgxifn} \lefif cj 71& Qgxgkbf hn \hu0.%:( Icn}e| gnm vqcn lciqbf}hcn cj }ef Mcpn Qgxifn}" xcv lgn gb{fgmxiczf hn.

]c {f|f{zf g |qglf hn }ef q{f|fn}g}hcn" lgbb %:78( 0=:)<=7:.

]ef \lefmvbf cj Q{f|fn}g}hcn| hn \gn Mhf`c gnm ]fiflvbg?

\fq}fikf{ 7 “ 6? \gn Mhf`c?

g} 71 G.I.4 7 Q.I.4 < Q.I. GNM : Q.Ig} }ef G|hgn Ocv{ngb cjlf"

661 Fg|} 5}e \}{ff}" \vh}f :" Ng}hcngb Lh}x" LG 87861%G} }ef Cbm \leccbecv|f \wv{f" gl{c|| _g{bh}c| [f|}gv{gn} cn }ef

lc{nf{ cj F \}{ff} gnm 5}e \}{ff}(Lgbb %:78( 0=:)<=7: jc{ ic{f hnjc{ig}hcn gnm {f|f{zg}hcn jc{ q{f|fn}g}hcn.

%\ff gm cn qg`f ;=(

NLCG Bgvnlef| ‒\}{ghè}]gbd jc{ \fnhc{| cn Efgb}e[fjc{i’ Lgiqgh`n ]c @hzfCbmf{ Gmvb}| Lciq{fefn|hzf"Vnkhg|fm Hnjc{ig}hcn cn Nfp

BgpPG\EHN@]CN" Ovbx ;: #Q[Nfp|ph{f)V\Nfp|ph{f#)) G ng}hcngb |v{zfx cj gmvb}|g`fm :6 gnm cbmf{ jc{ }ef

Ng}hcngb Lcvnlhb cn G`)hn` %NLCG( nm| }eg} ic|}|fnhc{| g{f |}hbb lcnjv|fm c{ vngpg{f cj hiqc{}gn} g|qfl}|cj efgb}e {fjc{i" c{ }ef Gj)jc{mgkbf Lg{f Gl}" hnlbvmhn`h}| hiqgl} cn }efh{ cpn Ifmh)lg{f lczf{g`f" }ef `{cp}ecj Ifmhlg{f" gnm }ef kvm`f}mflh}.

NLCG hmfn}hfm }ef }cq}pfbzf jgl}| }eg} fzf{x |fnhc{ |ecvbm dncp gkcv} }ef efgb}e{fjc{i bgp. ]ef ‒\}{ghè}]gbd’ qcbb {fzfgb| }eg} cnbx70& cj |fnhc{| dnfp }ef lc{){fl} gn|pf{| }c ic{f }egn egbj }ef jgl}vgb wvf|}hcn| qc|fmgkcv} }ef|f dfx g|qfl}| cj nfp bgp gnm cnbx 8& dnfp}ef lc{{fl} gn|pf{| }c g} bfg|}}pc)}eh{m| cj }ef wvf|}hcn|.

Ncnf cj }ef :<: cbmf{ gmvb}|hn}f{zhfpfm jc{ }ef qcbb dnfp}ef lc{{fl} gn|pf{| }c gbb}pfbzf cj }ef jgl}vgb wvf|)}hcn|.

\qfgdhn` g} g }cpn egbbiff}hn` g} Hcng \fnhc{ \f{)zhlf Lfn}f{ hn Pg|ehn`}cn"ML" Ogif| Jh{ign" q{f|h)mfn} gnm LFC cj NLCG"gnncvnlfm }ef bgvnle cj

NLCG‘| ‒\}{ghè} ]gbd jc{ \fnhc{| cn Efgb}e [fjc{i’lgiqgh`n" ghifm g} efbq)hn` |fnhc{| `f} }ef jgl}| }efxnffm gkcv} efgb}e {fjc{i gnmlegn`f| }c Ifmhlg{f. ‒\fnhc{|nffm }c dncp }ef dfx jgl}|gkcv} efgb}e {fjc{i |c }eg}}efx lgn kf hnjc{ifm lcn|vi)f{| gnm fmvlg}fm lh}hfn|"’Jh{ign |ghm. ]ef lgiqgh`nphbb lcn}hnvf }e{cvè }ef jgbbph}e gmmh}hcngb }cpn egbb gnmfmvlg}hcngb fzfn}|" g |f{hf| cj ‒\}{ghè} ]gbd’ fmvlg}hcngbig}f{hgb| %gzghbgkbf g} ppp.

NLCG.c{`#\}{ghè}]gbd(" gnhn}f{gl}hzf cnbhnf ‒\}{ghè}]gbd’ wvh jc{ qfcqbf }c }f|}}efh{ dncpbfm`f cj }ef bgpgnm bfg{n ic{f gkcv} h}" mf)}ghbfm qcbb {f|vb}|" gnm pfkh)ng{| }c q{fqg{f g`hn` |f{zhlf|

Ic|} \fnhc{| Ih|hnjc{ifm" Vngpg{fcj Dfx Q{czh|hcn| cj }ef Gjjc{mgkbf

Lg{f Gl}" Nfp Qcbb j{ci }ef Ng}hcngbLcvnlhb cn G`hn` [fzfgb|

q{cjf||hcngb| }c `hzf ‒\}{ghè}]gbd’ q{f|fn}g}hcn| hn }efh{ cpn lciivnh}hf|.

Qcbb [fzfgb| Phmf|q{fgmLcnjv|hcn" Fzfn cn H||vf|

Ic|} Hiqc{}gn} }c \fnhc{|Mgzhm D{gnf" Zhlf Q{f|h)mfn} cj Qvkbhl Gjjgh{| gnmQcbhlx [f|fg{le g} Eg{{h|Hn}f{gl}hzf® `gzf g jvbb k{hfj)hn` cn }ef NLCG ‒\}{ghè}]gbd’ qcbb. ]ef qcbb pg|lcnmvl}fm kx Eg{{h| Hn}f{gl)}hzf® jc{ NLCG kx }fbfqecnfph}ehn }ef Vnh}fm \}g}f| j{ciOvbx 8)7;" ;171 gicn` gng}hcnphmf l{c|| |fl}hcn cj :<: gmvb}| g`fm :6 gnm czf{.]ef ig{`hn cj |giqbhn` f{{c{ cn }ef }c}gb |giqbf h| $#) =.1

qf{lfn}g`f qchn}|. ]ef qcbbpg| |vqqc{}fm kx g `{gn} j{ci]ef G}bgn}hl Qehbgn}e{cqhf|.Zhmfc cj D{gnf‘| k{hfn` phbb

kf gzghbgkbf bg}f{ cn IcnmgxOvbx ;: g} e}}q?##zfn}gngml.lci#lbhfn}|#NLCG#QCBB)\]F[#. ]ef {f|} cj }ef q{f|fn)}g}hcn phbb kf gzghbgkbf |ec{}bx}ef{fgj}f{.

]ef qcbb {fzfgbfm }eg} fzfnwvf|}hcn| ph}e }ef ic|} mh{fl}

kfg{hn` cn |fnhc{| gnm }efh{ efgb}e m{fp ehè nvikf{| cj hnlc{{fl} gn|pf{|. Jc{ fu)giqbf" cnbx ;;& cj |fnhc{|vnmf{|}ccm }eg} }ef nfp bgppcvbm nc} lv} }efh{ kg|hlIfmhlg{f kfnf}|. Gbic|}}phlf g| ignx |fnhc{| %=;&(efbm }ef hnlc{{fl} zhfp }eg}}ef bgp pcvbm lv} }efh{ kg|hlIfmhlg{f kfnf}|" pehbf <0&|ghm }efx mhm nc} dncp.

Gnm ph}e }ef jfmf{gb kvm)`f} mflh} bccihn` bg{`f hn

qcbhlx mfkg}f|" h} pg| |}{hdhn`}eg} cnbx 7=& cj |fnhc{| pf{fgpg{f }eg} }ef nfp bgp h| q{cofl}fm }c {fmvlf }ef mflh}.Ignx ic{f )) =8& )) hnlc{){fl}bx kfbhfzfm h} pcvbm hn)l{fg|f }ef mflh}. %Gllc{mhn`}c q{cofl}hcn| kx }ef Lcn`{f|)|hcngb Kvm`f} Cjlf" }ef bgpphbb {fmvlf }ef mflh} kx gnf|}hig}fm -7;= khbbhcn czf{ 71xfg{|(.

‒]ef efgb}e {fjc{i mfkg}fpg| bcn` gnm lciqbhlg}fm gnmcj}fn mcihng}fm kx qcbh}hlgb|qhn }eg} lcnjv|fm |fnhc{|"’|ghm Ogif| Jh{ign" q{f|hmfn}gnm LFC cj NLCG. ‒NLCGh| lciih}}fm }c efbqhn`|fnhc{| `f} }ef dfx jgl}| gnm

hnjc{ig}hcn }efx nffm }cigdf |ig{}" hnjc{ifm mflh)|hcn| gkcv} }efh{ cpn efgb}elg{f. ]ef jgl} }eg} }eh| qcbb{fzfgbfm }eg} |c ignx qfcqbf

g{f ih|hnjc{ifm c{ mcn‘}dncp ivle gkcv} }ef nfp bgpifgn| pf egzf cv{ pc{d lv}cv} jc{ v| ph}e }ef ‒\}{ghè}]gbd jc{ \fnhc{| cn Efgb}e[fjc{i’ lgiqgh`n.’

Qcbb [f|vb}| G} Cmm| Ph}e\fnhc{|‘ Hiq{f||hcn| cj ]efh{ Dncpbfm`f

Fzfn gicn` }ef cbmf{ gmvb}| pec |ghm }efx lcn)|hmf{fm }efi|fbzf| ‒zf{xjgihbhg{’ %8&( c{ ‒jgihbhg{’%7;&( ph}e }ef nfp bgp" lc{){fl} gn|pf{| pf{f jfp gnm jg{

kf}pffn" lgbbhn`hn}c wvf|}hcn ecppfbb qfcqbf pf{fgkbf }c g||f|| }efh{ vnmf{|}gnmhn` cj

}ef Gjjc{mgkbf Lg{fGl}.‒\fnhc{| g{f

lf{}ghnbx lcnjv|fmgkcv} }ef Gjjc{m)gkbf Lg{f Gl}" kv}hn}f{f|}hn`bx" ignxcj }efi gb|c czf{)f|}hig}fm }efh{ cpnmf`{ff cj dncpb)fm`f"’ {fig{dfmMgzhm D{gnf cj Eg{{h| Hn}f{gl}hzf®"pehle lcnmvl}fm}ef qcbb. ‒]ec|f

pec |ghm }efx pf{f ‒zf{xjgihbhg{’ c{ ‒jgihbhg{’ ph}e}ef bgp cnbx jg{fm |cifpeg}

kf}}f{ }egn }ec|f pec |fbj)hmfn}hfm g| ‒nc} jgihbhg{.’Hn }ef ‒zf{x jgihbhg{’ gnm‒jgihbhg{’ lg}f`c{hf|" :6&`c} bf|| }egn egbj }ef gn|pf{|{hè}" lciqg{fm ph}e 56& cj }ef qfcqbf pec |fbj)hmfn}hfmg| ‒nc} jgihbhg{.’

\fnhc{| Mh||g}h|fm ph}eGzghbgkbf Hnjc{ig}hcn

G |h`nhlgn} nvikf{ cj |fnhc{| %<5&( |ghm }efx pf{f‒nc} g} gbb |g}h|fm’ ph}e }efgllv{glx gnm {fbhgkhbh}x cj }efhnjc{ig}hcn }efx egm {flfhzfmgkcv} }ef nfp bgp. Zf{x jfp%0&( |ghm }efx pf{f ‒zf{x|g}h|fm’ c{ ‒|g}h|fm’ %70&(.

‒Vnjc{}vng}fbx" }eh| nm)hn` lcif| g| nc |v{q{h|f"’|gx| NLCG‘| Jh{ign. ‒Fz)f{xpef{f H `c |fnhc{| }fbb if}eg} peg} }efx {fgbbx pgn}h| hnjc{ig}hcn }efx lgn vn)mf{|}gnm gnm {fbx cn" j{cign c{`gnhg}hcn }efx }{v|}"pec|f cnbx g`fnmg h| efbqhn`}efi `f} }ef jgl}|. Fzf{xcnfh| fn}h}bfm }c }efh{ cpn cqhn)hcn|" kv} nc} }efh{ cpn jgl}|.

NLCG h| q{cvm }c bgvnle cv{ ‒\}{ghè} ]gbd’ lgiqgh`n }clcn}hnvf }c iff} }eh| nffmgicn` }ef ng}hcn‘| ihbbhcn| cj cbmf{ gmvb}| gnm }efh{ jgihbhf|gnm lg{f`hzf{|.’

C}ef{ Hiqc{}gn} Jhnmhn`|\fnhc{|‘ ehèf|} {g}f cj

lc{{fl} gn|pf{| lgif cn gwvf|}hcn gkcv} pef}ef{ }efbgp fuqgnm| lczf{g`f }c <;ihbbhcn vnhn|v{fm Gif{hlgn|%=<& lc{{fl}bx gn|pf{fm

‒xf|’(. \fnhc{| gb|c |ecpfm{fbg}hzfbx ehè gpg{fnf|| cj }ef q{czh|hcn }c `{gmvgbbxlbc|f }ef Ifmhlg{f q{f|l{hq)}hcn m{v` lczf{g`f `gq" c{ ‒mcnv} ecbf"’ ph}e =;& `hz)hn` }ef lc{{fl} gn|pf{.

Fuqbc{hn` g {gn`f cj }cq)hl|" j{ci nfp lg{f q{czh|hcn|}c }ef ngnlhn` cj }ef nfpbgp" }ef qcbb gb|c jcvnm }eg}?

Cnbx 7=& cj |fnhc{| dnfp}eg} }ef bgp mcf| nc} lv}Ifmhlg{f qgxifn}| }c mcl)}c{|4 =6& gn|pf{fm hnlc{){fl}bx gnm =7& |ghm }efx mhmnc} dncp.

Cnbx ;=& cj |fnhc{| dnfp}eg} h} h| q{cofl}fm }c fu}fnm}ef |cbzfnlx cj }ef Ifmhlg{f

]{v|} Jvnm.Cnbx ;5& dnfp }eg} }ef

bgp hiq{czf| }ef gzghbgkhbh}xcj bcn`)}f{i lg{f g} ecif jc{ |fnhc{| ph}e mh|gkhbh}hf|.

Cnbx ;;& dnfp gkcv}hiq{czfifn}| hn le{cnhl lg{f.

Cnbx <<& dnfp gkcv} }efnfp" j{ff xfg{bx pfbbnf|| zh|h}Ifmhlg{f phbb ncp q{czhmf.

]pc cv} cj }e{ff |fnhc{|fh}ef{ mhm nc} dncp %=<&( c{ `gzf }ef p{cn` gn|pf{ gkcv}}ef jv}v{f `{cp}e cj Ifmhlg{f|qfnmhn`. Cnbx <=& dnfp}eg} h} phbb lcn}hnvf }c `{cpvnmf{ }ef nfp bgp" ov|} ic{f|bcpbx.

Gkcv} NLCG]ef Ng}hcngb Lcvnlhb cn

G`hn` h| g ncn)q{c} |f{zhlfgnm gmzclglx c{`gnhg}hcnefgmwvg{}f{fm hn Pg|ehn`}cn"ML. NLCG h| g ng}hcngb zchlfjc{ cbmf{ Gif{hlgn| ) f|qf)lhgbbx }ec|f pec g{f zvbnf{)gkbf gnm mh|gmzgn}g`fm ) gnm

}ef lciivnh}x c{`gnhg}hcn|}eg} |f{zf }efi. H} k{hn`|}c`f}ef{ ncn)q{c} c{`gnhg)}hcn|" kv|hnf||f| gnm `czf{n)ifn} }c mfzfbcq l{fg}hzf |cbv)}hcn| }eg} hiq{czf }ef bhzf| cj gbb cbmf{ gmvb}|. NLCG pc{d|ph}e }ecv|gnm| cj c{`gnhg)}hcn| gl{c|| }ef lcvn}{x }cefbq |fnhc{| nm ock| gnm kfnf}|" hiq{czf }efh{ efgb}e"bhzf hnmfqfnmfn}bx" gnm {f)ighn gl}hzf hn }efh{ lciivnh)}hf|. Jc{ ic{f hnjc{ig}hcn"zh|h} ppp.NLCG.c{`.

Gkcv} Eg{{h| Hn}f{gl}hzf

Eg{{h| Hn}f{gl}hzf h| cnfcj }ef pc{bm‘| bfgmhn` lv|)}ci ig{df} {f|fg{le {i|"bfzf{g`hn` {f|fg{le" }flencb)c`x" gnm kv|hnf|| glvifn }c}{gn|jc{i {fbfzgn} hn|hè} hn}cgl}hcngkbf jc{f|hè}. Dncpn

phmfbx jc{ }ef Eg{{h| Qcbbgnm jc{ qhcnff{hn` hnnczg}hzf{f|fg{le if}ecmcbc`hf|" Eg{){h| cjjf{| fuqf{}h|f hn g phmf{gn`f cj hnmv|}{hf| hnlbvmhnèfgb}elg{f" }flencbc`x" qvkbhlgjjgh{|" fnf{`x" }fbflciivnh)lg}hcn|" ngnlhgb |f{zhlf|" hn)|v{gnlf" ifmhg" {f}ghb" {f|}gv){gn}" gnm lcn|vif{ qgldg`f`ccm|. \f{zhn` lbhfn}| hn czf{ ;76 lcvn}{hf| gnm }f{{h}c{hf|}e{cvè cv{ Nc{}e Gif{hlgn"Fv{cqfgn" gnm G|hgn cjlf|gnm g nf}pc{d cj hnmfqfnmfn}ig{df} {f|fg{le {i|" Eg{ )

{h| |qflhgbhf| hn mfbhzf{hn`{f|fg{le |cbv}hcn| }eg} efbq v|) gnm cv{ lbhfn}| ) |}gx gefgmcj peg}‘| nfu}. Jc{ ic{f hn)jc{ig}hcn" qbfg|f zh|h} ppp.eg{{h|hn}f{gl}hzf.lci.



Qg`f ;= Gv`v|} ;0 ) \fq}fikf{ ;" ;171 G|hgn Ocv{ngb ) %:78( =0=)1655 Zh|h} cv{ pfk|h}f g} e}}q?##ppp.g|hgnocv{ngbv|g.lci

Asian Journal Aug 27 - Sept 3, 2010

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Transcript of Asian Journal Aug 27 - Sept 3, 2010