Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change an overview by Dr Mamta...
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Transcript of Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change an overview by Dr Mamta...
Integrated Crop Managementand Climate Change
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Patancheru- 502 324, Telangana, India
Mamta Sharma On Behalf of Colleagues from ICM
Research Program Asia
Regional Planning Meeting, 4-5 May, 2016, ICRISAT, Patancheru
An Overview
Yield loss
Oerke 2006
ICM@ ICRISAT
Host plant resistance (HPR)
Pathogen/pest virulence spectrum
Mechanism of host x pathogen/pest interaction
Biological control
Climate change & emerging diseases/pests
Major Areas of R &D
Major Diseases and Pests
Chickpea Pigeonpea
Fusarium wilt Fusarium wilt
Dry root rot SMD
Collar rot Phytophthora blight
Ascochyta blight Helicoverpa
BGM
Helicoverpa,
Spodoptera, Maruca
Maruca
Sorghum
Leaf Blight
Downy mildew
Charcoal rot
Shoot fly
Stem borer
Pearl Millet
Downy mildew
Blast
Rust
Strategy and Approach
Etiology, Biology and Epidemiology
Role of climate variablesHost Plant Resistance
Monitoring virulence diversity Identification of resistant sources
Breeding and germplasm
- Standardization of screening protocols
Molecular/geneticPathogenic
Field Controlled environment
Field survey Disease nurseriesHost differential
Specific/multiple Pathotypes
Multi–location and multi-year
evaluation (G x E interaction)
Stability of resistance - multi-location
Virulence pattern
Evolution of new races/pathotypes
Characterization and establishment
of new pathotypes
Development of markers/sequencingOn farm demonstrations in
integration with other
management approaches
Phenotyping Facilities @ Pathology
Chickpea wilt sick-plot Pigeonpea wilt & SMD sick-plot
Growth room for AB & BGM Green house for PB
Phenotyping Facilities @ Pathology
Greenhouse screeningField screening
Pearl millet downy mildew screening
Field screening of sorghum diseases
Sprinklers to facilitate grain mold/anthracnoseWhorl inoculation for
anthracnose/leaf blight
Toothpick inoculation for
charcoal rot
Phenotyping Facilities @ Entomology & IPM
Insect Rearing, Bioassays, Biochemical Mechanisms, HNPV Production
Climate change facilities @
ICRISAT
Current Project Portfolio @ICM
Project # 1 : CoE on Climate change Research
and plant protection (Donor: DST, Climate Change Programme)
Shift in the geographical distribution
Changes in the physiology of host
Changes in the rate of development
More rapid development
Increased transmission and dispersal
More virulent forms
Vulnerability of present day host cultivars
How climate change will impact pests and diseases ?
Objective 1. Predict and map potential changes in relative abundance and geographical distribution of
insect-pests and diseases in grain legumes
Objective 2. Standardize techniques to study insect-pest/pathogen × host plant × environment
interactions
Objective 3. Study biochemical, molecular,genetic interactions between pathogens/ pests × host plant ×environment in relation to expression of resistance to the target diseases and pests
Objective 4. Capacity building for undertaking research on the effect of climate change on crop protection
PHASE I
Team: ICM (Pathology, Entomology)
Project # 1 :CoE on Climate change and plant
protection
PHASE II
Pest and disease management for climate change adaption
National Network on Climate change and Agriculture
Major Objectives
To assess the impacts of climaticvariability on major pests of variousagro-climatic zones of India
To generate strategic knowledge forclimate change adaptation andmitigation for pests and diseases usingfield and simulation studies
To improve capacity of stakeholders &develop a framework for disseminationof climate resilient technologies relatedto pest and diseases
Emerging diseases of significance
Blast PB Collar rot
Mealy bug
Aphid
Team: ICM (Pathology, Entomology, Crop Improvement, Agro-climatologist}
Macrophomina/Rhizoctonia bataticola
Vulnerability to Climate change: A sub-regional analysis of socio-economic and agriculture sectors in South India
(Short-term project)
Objectives:• To assess and identify most vulnerable districts in the state • To identify and prioritize drivers of vulnerability at different
scales • To identify adaptive interventions to address the vulnerability
Outcome:
• Secondary data –Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra collected and analysed
• Research article on Vulnerability to Climate change: A sub-regional analysis of socio-economic and agriculture sectors in South India
Team: KVR, DMS
Project # 2 :
Pigeonpea Projects
Addressing Phytophthora Blight Disease: An Emerging Threat to
Pigeonpea Expansion and Production (Donor: DAC-NFSM, GoI)
Major objectives:
Identify pigeonpea genotypes with resistance to PB of pigeonpea
Evaluate PB resistant genotypes at multi-locations and farmers’ fields
Technology exchange/capacity building in management of PB
Outputs:
Pathotype scenario of Phytophthora cajani in India known.
Screening techniques (greenhouse and field) for identification of resistant sources
for PB in pigeonpea developed.
PB resistant lines identified as donor for use in the breeding program.
Information on PB research generated and shared with NARS institutes
Partners:
SAUs
BHU,
RAKCA,
PAU
Team: MS, RG, CVS, NARS
Pearl Millet & Sorghum Projects
# 1. Genetic analysis of blast resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum L. R. Br.) (Donor: Dryland Cereals Competitive Grants 2015)
Major objectives: Study inheritance and nature of resistance using
the crosses made at IARI Characterization of virulence diversity among M.
grisea isolates collected from Delhi and adjoiningareas
#2. Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Spottedstem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum (Donor: SERB)
Major objectives: Identification of secondary metabolites influencing
antixenosis for oviposition, survival and development ofthe stem borer
Transcriptomic analysis of secondary metabolitesfollowing insect damage to identify molecular markersassociated with expression of resistance to C. partellus.
[Team: RS, SKG]
[Team: SV, HCS]
Compatibility of well demonstrated and documented PGP actinomycetes and further evaluation on vegetable crops under field conditions
Commercialization of sweet sorghum as a complimentary feedstock for ethanol production in the sugar mills of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
Characterization of cellulose degrading
microbes.
Evaluation by large scale studies under field
conditions.
Value addition (with PGPR)
Mass multiplication and formulation.
Evaluation on promising actinomycetes on ICRISAT mandate crops and vegetables crops
Team: SGK, AAK, IDC
An insight of actinobacteria and nodulating rhizobium possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase on salinity tolerance of chickpea
Assessment of actinomycetes as tripartite agent: Biocontrol of BGM, HPR
enhancer and growth promoter on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.).
Mechanism of zinc solubilizing actinobacteria in vitro conditions.
Evaluation for host plant resistance - antioxidant enzyme, phenolic profiling and histochemicalstudies
Partial purification of secondary metabolites.
Isolation of actinobacteria and rhizobium possessing ACC deaminase activity.
Team: SGK, MS, AS, RV, PMG, SS
Young Scientist Projects
Identification and evaluation of Helicoverpa armigera induced plant volatiles incultigen & wild relatives of pigeonpea for increasing the effectiveness of theparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae for pest management (Donor: SERB)
• The identification of morphological and biochemical traits in pigeonpea forattraction of Helicoverpa and its larval parasitoid, Campoletis. chlorideae.
• Olfactometer bioassay with air entrained volatiles from pigeonpea and synthetickairomone blends to H. armigera and C. chlorideae
Major objectives:
Addressing the collar rot disease (S. rolfsii Sacc.), an emerging threat to chickpea
(Donor: SERB)
Major objectives: Development of rapid diagnostic tool for identifying,quantifying S. rolfsii Sequencing of ITS regions to study genotypic variability in S. rolfsii isolates Determination of physio-chemico changes associated with collar rot by various biochemical
assays in different genotype(s) Determination of expression profiling of PR gene(s) identified in chickpea through real-time
PCR
Team: JJ/HCS
Team: AT/MS
Integration with Genetic Gains
Molecular variability and development of markers for assessing variability in pathogens
- Developed DArT Marker platform for Foc in chickpea
Whole genome sequencing of pathogens/PGPR- Comparative WGS of Foc in chickpea, Medicago, pea published
Whole transcriptome of pathogens- Foc during conidial germination
(Team : Genomics and trait discovery)
Non-host resistance mechanism for DRR in chickpea (Cell Molecular Biology & Genetic Eng.)
QTLs for disease resistance genes
Resistance identification in wild spp. (Pre-Breeding)
Phenotyping of germplasm collection. (GeneBank)
Building partnerships
ICAR-ICRISAT Collaborative activities @ICM
Team : with NARS
AICRP Programs : Chickpea PigeonpeaSorghumPearl millet
Screening of the IVT, AVT, NND
Multi-location testing of
disease/pest nurseries
Monitoring of pathogen/pest
variability
Partnerships through various projects on R &D and technology dissemination
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
Thank you !