Ashanti Stool Histories, Vol. 1psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.ch.document...22 Nsum-k-:A...

Ashanti Stool Histories, Vol. 1

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Ashanti Stool Histories, Vol. 1

Author/Creator Agyeman-Duah, Joseph; Wilks, Ivor; Institute of AfricanStudies; University of Ghana

Contributor Darkwa, K. Ampom (compiled by), Obaka, B.C. (compiledby)

Date 1976-10

Resource type Books

Language English, Akan

Subject

Coverage (spatial) Volta-Tano Watershed, Ghana, Asante Temples

Source Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana at Legon

Rights Ivor Wilks, Joseph Agyeman-Duah, and the Institute ofAfrican Studies, University of Ghana at Legon.

Description The term ‘stool’ was coined by the British to describe theintricately carved wooden seats of the Akan which serve assymbols of political office and ritual observance. These‘stool’ histories are the histories of political offices within theAsante Kingdom's bureaucracy and the people who,through inheritance or appointment, occupied them from theinception of the state in the late 17th century to late 20thcentury. Existing primarily in oral form, the histories of theseoffices were collected and translated by JosephAgyeman-Duah and Ivor Wilks.

Format extent(length/size)

610 pages


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ASH= STOOLV 0 L U. M (IAS accý,' noz.llo)Recordødby i J. Agyemn..~jC.bmýiled by X., 4wpom Da~.a andB. Cg Obakaý",ITTiTE --,,OP APRIG&N, W-U-DIM'EMITY OP GRAN&

ASHANTI STOOL HISTORIESVolune IIAS ac. nos., I- 0IND E; XVi ace. no. D E S C R I P T I0 N Pages1 Asokwahene Batahene Stool History I - 32 Ankobia Stool History 1-43 VAnanta Stool History 1-4%4 Asrappong Stool History5 Adwn Stool History 1-66 History of the Asantehene's TalkingoDrums - Atunpan7 samang Stool History 1- 78 Akyawkron Stool History 1-59 Atipin Stool History 1- 610 The History of the Lake Bosumtwi I - 211 > History of Ejisu - Origins and how Ejisu)first became a member of the Ashanti ) 1 - 3C onfederacy. )412 Dadinsoaba Stool History 1- 513 Chief Goldsmith Stool History14 Asotfuo Stool History 1-315 Gyase Stool History 1-3"16 Juaben Paramount Stool History 1 - 917 g Alwaboa Stool History 1-418 Ohwi Stool History 1-919 NYm-bon Stool History

20 1kabon Stool Linguist I-a

- 2-IAS aco6no, DESCRIPTION rgr21 Lrcj Stool History 1*22 Nsum-k-:A rtool History1'23 Boakya Yari Stool History 1 424 Oclu:?7v.W Horn Stool'History25 History of' Kwadwom126 N..n 3o3 Historyl~27,H~ ir of Aýuntehenet's Ezecutioners - brafoa 1i~28 n550yoko S2ool. History-1 529 Mautin~ Sto ol. History 1530 !Asantchcos Stool Oarriers History 1 - 331 > IéIaning of' Kronti and Aicwazu Clans 1 - 232 14åtiti Stool History I - 433 ..-Ceronony of IrListoolrient of' Oturnfuo åsantehene 1- 834 Antoa S Lol Histc ry 1-435 >Kaaso- Stool History.36 Stool History of' Maboahene-Sanda.ls Chief)of Ås=Ätc'ho l)37 Kodu. lopa Stool History 1i38 Akvari. Stool History a39 'Bantv-i Stool History-Part I40 -r': l.n E~-'story -Part MI 541 Sana >ýýooi History 1- 542 ånarih:l.o Stool History 1-543 afi t.i.Axoanin Stool History 1 .«44 KoX ý' -ool History ~ -645 At-Yno rco Lon Stool History 146 Gy-,,bi axr7. ?.irhenle Stool History147 IW ronvo Ztogl History 1 348 j&xv tc- c'i . Stok History (Iucyeane Stool) 1-4

- 3 -IAS ace. no. D E S C R I P T 0 Nages" 49 Afa'ri Stool History I - 3.50 Suane Stool History 1-351 Anononsa Stool History 1 - 352 Saamang Stool History 1 - 4*53 Breoang Stool History 1-354 -,-Bantata,-Baanu Stool History v, 1 - 955 Obogo Paranount Stool History 1-556 Oyo1o.i.rpnan Stool Historyi',/ I - 857 Mentia Stool History 1-458 Baworo Stool History 1-4

59 Boadu Linguist Stool History 1- 260 Esereso Stool History 1-661 Juansa Stool Histotly62 Agq'o Stool History -663 Odunase Stool History 1-6,64 Mariponten Stool History 1-965 Deboosd Stool History 1-266 Dua Kyanie Stool History 1-367 Lwhiase Stool History I-568 Nafati Stool History,, 1-269 Asem ''tool History 1-670 Fontonfron Drum Stool History 1- 471 Omanti, Stool History72 lboaten Stool History75 BoakyO Yan Linguist Stool History I - 574 Fe:-..ase Stool History 1-575 Akinkade Linguist Stool History Ii- 376 Asimfo Stool History 17' Arakon StoolHistory 1-

- 4 -IAS ac. no. D 3 S.C R I P T I 0 Pages-" 78 ...... nase Stool History -6. -679 . "Asokore Naripong Stool 'RIIstory 1 - 680 .Akurxnten Stool History- 481 Nsenie Stool History 1- 682 Ofoase Stool History I-383 Some Stool History', - 284 AyebiaIyere Sto6l History z85 Funesua Stool History 1-486 Ofiri and Manso Stool History I - 6.87 Sewuah Stool History 1- 888 Adwaase Stool Hibtory -3,89 Adanse Paramount Stool History 1 - 790 Obuokron Stool History 1-4.91 Baaa Stool Histor 1- 6_92 Danpoo=. Stool History I93 Nkaniasehene Stool History94 Essieninpong Stool History 1-495 Adonten Stool Histor 1- 796 Abenase Stool History 1-4.97 Hiawu Stool History- 198 Anoanan StoolHistory -399 Anwoaso Stool Histo67y.100 IkKronko Stool History "-4.101 Gyenyaase St.9.ol History 1- 3

102 kawie-Kuna Stool History 1-6103 Nfe'nsi Stool History 1-4104 Niagyegyefuo Stool History 3105 Bosiase Stool History 1-5106 Akyenpin Stool History' 1-9

- 5 -IAS acc. no. D E S C R I P T I 0 N Pages107 Nyinahin Stool History 1-8108 Nkarawa Stool History 1 - 3109 Suma Stool History I-2110 Konyaso Stool History 1-7

Classification:Kofi Poku, Asok-wahene Opanin Kojo Donkor, lbogyemogyehene(Queenmother1s stoo, Atta Kwame., Amoakohene Opanin a7ame Wuo.NkrabenheneRecoraed la:J. Agyeman-DuahDate:3rd February., 1963Subj ec :ASOMAHENE - BATAHENEýInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana., Legon.March.. 1963IAS acc. no.AS.1In:Cormants:

Asokwa is about 5 miles from Kumasi. jIt is on the KuntenaseKokofu Road.Asokwa stoll is one of Nhenkwaah stool: it is neither ancestral nor Mma DwaStool. It is only the Asantehene who uses his prerogative in the appointment.of acandidate for the stool. In cdse the stool becomes vacant the electors elect theirown candidate ani.present him to 'Otumfuo. If the Asantehene refuses the candidate thb fekufuo, orelectors, will come to appoint a new candidate and if he is accepted then he willbe allowed to swear to Otumfuo with the Mpomponsuo Sword.The Asokwahene comes into the category of Gyase Clan Asantehene's Gyase.The main duty of the Asokwahene is to be responsible for the horns of theAsantehene. It is also said the Asokwahene or Batahene is responsible for thetrading enterprise of Asantehene. In olden days he was sent abroad, say to thecoast land, to buy drinks, salt, clothing at the request of Otumfuo. It is saidAsokwa people so sent would have to travel on foot for about 20 days before theycould get to the coast.

The Asokwa people are also responsible for weeding, fencing of Asantehene' spalace and cutting of firewood for the Asantehene. When calling at Ahenfie theAsokwahene must pass throughKyeame Boakye Yam. He must inform theOkyeame about his mission and the OkyeAme will get permission for him.The Asokwahene or Batahene has a black stool. The Asokwa stool issaid to havebeen created 'by king Osei--Tutu Opimsuo. it is said that when Nana Osei Tutuwas about to wage war with the Denkyeras, Nananom Nuamoah and Akwadan,then resident at Denky'tra heard of this invasion, so they rather took shelter atKumasi prior to this war. They came on the ide of king Osei Tutu. They camewith their own stool from Denkyera. It is said that at Denkera Suamuah andAkwadan, were the ancestors of the Asokwa stool of DerAyera during the reign ofNana Boa Amponaem, the Denk yerahene. So on arrival at Kumasi they appealedto Nana Osei Tgtu for a place of abode.The original place given them to stay was Nwabis6 Bonso near Akropong; thisplace was considered to be too far from the capital so they appealed tothe king ata later date and he gave them another place for ablde. So they came to Kumasitvwn near the Government Transport (or U.T.C. Wholesale Store),known asAsokwa Soror, Asokwa on the hill. They became hemmed in there. They couldnot get food for their children so they were compelled to leave for the place calledSede, that is the place where we have the present Broadcasting Station:

It is said there, that there was an evil object on that ground known asAmunomuni, which caused the death of so mahy children that they werecompelled -o leave the place for the present area. So theyinformed Opimsuo thatthey had' discovered a 'certain hill, known as Bepo Ben (Red Hill) a dtheyWould like to inhabit there. He allowed . as much. This is the present place ofabode of Batahene or .Asokwahene of Asantehene.So this Chief of Denkyera, Nuamah, was succeeded by his brother, Akwadan.He also succeeded him during the reign of Nana 0sei Tutu.It is said in case Otumfo wanted to send somebody to a far di stance to negotiateor to buy something in the coast-land for him, he informed the Asokwahene orBatahene who in turn appointed some of his people as such.It is said that the Asokwa people do notgo to war at all.Akwadan was succeeded by Asokwa Kessie during the reign of Nana OpokuWare Katakye. Asokua Kessie, it is said., was the son of Nana Akwadan.1He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Akosa: he was abrother of Nana Asokwa Kessie. He was also enstooled during the reign of NanaOpoku Ware. He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwadwo Antoh. He was abrother of Nana Akosa. He reigned up to the time of Nana Osei Kwadwo, thegreat fighting king who fought in the broad day light.He was succeeded on the stool by Kwesi Ampong who was a son of NanaOseiKwadwo during the Xoi g of Nana Bonsu Panyin.tHe ,as succeeded on the stool by Nana Atta Kwadwo, a son of Kwesi Ampong.He reigned up to the -ime of Nana Osei Asibe Bonsu.Atta Kwadwo, mho reigned for a long time, was on the stool when KingPrempehI retutfned fvm Seychelles. ''"He was succeeded by Nana Koff Poku, the present

chief of the Asokwa stool, who took oath of allegiance to thepresent Asantehene,NaaO 0sei Agyeman Prempeh II.

- 3 -LIST OF CHIEFS OF ASOKWAM STOOL0*q *oO0aNuamoahAkwadan Asokwa Kessie AkosaKwadwo Antoh Kwesi Ampong Atta Kwadwo (He was on thestool before theking was taken to Seychelles)Kofi Poku (He took the oathof allegiance tothe present king).Chiefn it1 st 2nd3rd 4th 5th Gth7th8th

IAS acc. No.AS 2Informants:Nana Kwaku Asumani, Ankobeahene KIyeame Kwaku Baah, Ankobeahene'sLinguist, Kwane Boakye, Senior Servant of AnkobeaheneRecorded by:Date:Subject:J. Agyeman-Duah7th January, 1963ANKOBIA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.arch, 1963.Classification:

The Ankobiahene is the Head Clan Chief of the Ankobia Clan. He swearsto theAsantehene with the Mpomponsuo Sword. It is a stool of patrilinel descent. It is astool for the grandsons of the Aaantehene. The king can also appointordinarypersons to the stool if he so wishes, when the stool becomes vacant.Traditional2y, the Ankobia is the body guard of Asantehene. The Ankobia Clanalways follows the king when he is going to war - the back-bone and body guardof the king..%' This stool was created by Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fightingking whofought in the broad daylight. He was traditionally known as '0ko Awiah'_ The

first chief of the Ankobia was called Kra Patapaafu from Oduropim, a village nearDaaban and Sukoban about four miles from Kumasi. Kra Patapaafu,it is said,went to Banda with Nana Osei Kwadwo where the chief of Banda, VTorosa, wasdecapitatedand, his head sent to Kumasi.He was succeeded to the stool by Busumoru Dwanini, a brother of Kra Patapaafuduring the reign of Nana Osei Kwame - Asantehene.It is said it was during this period that the Atipin Stool was created by Nana OseiKwame under the Ankobia Clan. Nana nusumoro Dwanini, a brother of KraPatapaafu, was succeeded on the stool by Nana Amondwuah during the reign ofNana Poku Fofie. He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Nkansah during thereign of Nana Bonsu Panyin. It is said he went to the Gyaaman war withthe king.It is further said that.. it was during that. time that the king Nana Bonsucreatedthe Anaminako Stool to come under the Ankobia Clan. Nkansah, it is said, was aroyal of the Stool. He reigned up to Nana Agyeman's time.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwaku Tawiah during the reignof thissame king, Nap4.Agyeman, that is Nana Kwaku Dua I. It is said that thischiefwas a man of opulence. He was a chief of means and substance. He was arelative:of Nkansa. He was succeeded by Atta Gyamfi during the reign of NanaKofi Karikari. He was destooled for mal-administration. :He was succeeded by Prince Owusu Yaw Kuma (a son of Nana Bonsu Panyin).'He died on the stool during the reign of Nana Mensah Bonsu.He was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Kyem, a grandson of the GoldenStool. Hewas destooled for mal-administration. He was enstooled during Nkoranza war,that is before King Prempeh I was taken away to Seycheles Island. He wassucceeded to the stool bya grandson of the Golden Stool, Nana Kwame Kusi. He was enstooled

- 2before King Prempeh was taken to Seychelles. He was on the stool during YaaAsantewah campaign. Otumfuo returned from Seychelles to meet him on thestool.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Kojo, grandson ofthe stool, during this present king. He was destooled for rebelling against thepresent king. Mr. 0.S. Agyeman, a native of Nsuta and popular citizen of Kumasi,was the ring leader of this conspiracy. He was exiled along with others.He was succeeded by Dwanini, a grandson on the stool. He spent 1.3years on thestcol. on the stool by Nana Kvaku Asumani, the present Kumasi, who is about 80years old. He has been the stool.of the Stool. He died He was succeeded Ankobiahene ofabout 13 years onCHIEFS OF ANKOBIA STOOLi st Chief 2nd Chief 3rd Chief 4th Chief 5th Chief 6th Chief 7th Chief 8th Chief9th Chief 10th Chief 11 th Chief 12th ChiefKra PatapaafuBusumoru Dwanini

AmondwuahNkansahKwaku TawiahAtta Gyamfi (destooled)Prince Owusu Yaw KumaYaw Kyem (destooled)Kwame Kusi: Osei Kojo (destooled)DwaniniKwaku Asumani (the present chief)

Classification:Informant:Recorded by:Date:IAS acc. no. AS.3 Bafuor Awuah, Anantehene J. Agyeman-Duah 25th January,1963ANANTA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.March, 1963.

- 2(9) Kumsohene0I a Nsansiehene - Pemenasehene1i Wabirihene12 Mpatuamhene(13 Kumasi Suntresohene (DikrO)Aberepo No. I DikroM 1 Aberepo No. 2 Dikro16 Asokorehene- Gyadam.(17 Sekyerehene1 18 Adadientehene19 Barakege Dikro, and othersIt is said that the King, after creating this stool, orderedthat he had laid his trust in the Ananta stool in that it was a big and strong stool,constituted of prominent chiefs of the greatest dignity. He therefore ordered that itshould be his personal military Division. The king was thus named Oti PurukusaOdi na Ananta mu, whilst taking the field for war with the Golden Stool " thePalladin 'of the Nation behind him. The Anantahene is also responsible for theworshipping of the King's soul (Kra). He worships the King' s Nyameor Kra. Hegoes to the Krafie on such ceremonial occasions (sacred Place of theKing) withhis gun, to keep guard whilst worship is taking plae and to meet any eventualities.The stool was created by Nana Opoku Ware. Nana Fosu went to GyamanWarwhere the chief of Abo was captured. He also went to Takyiman war whenAmeyaw was captured and decapitated. It is said that Nana Opoku Ware was on

the stool. He went to Akim Kotoku War. At that time Frimpong Manso was thechief of Akim Kotoku. He was killed, his villages looted, destroyed and sharedamongst Kumasi Abirimpon. These captives of war are now known as Ashanti-!ldmfoo.He was succeeded on the stool by Amp!.m Odie Atuo, his son. It is said that atthis time there were no ripe.royals for the stool soa son was made to succeed tothe stool during the ign of Nana Kuso 0bodum. Nana Ampa went to Worasa Warat Banda during the reign of Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting King whofought in the broad daylight. Nana Ampa was succeeded on the stool by NanaAppiah Dankwa, a royal of the stool, during the reign of Asantehene Nana OseiKwame. It is said that he inhabited at Twedie (Atvima No.1), and wona .greatname Nana Appiah Dankwa Ode Twedie Kuro.Nana Appiah went to war with Nana Bonsu. Panyin at Gyaman whereAdlamra the Gyaman Chief was killed. _4e went to war at Yanti land where theKing won the appellation Bonsu by placing the sword into the sea for the firsttime in the annals of Ashanti history. Appiah Pankwa was succeededon the stoolby Asamoah Kwadwo, a royal of the stool, during the reign of Nana Osei YawAkoto. He was, .succeeded on the stool by

Anantahene belongs to the Gyase Division of Asantehene. He belongs totheEsuna Clan. The Gyase Clan of Kumasi Divisbon is constituted of fiveDivisions, namely: Samanghene, Kronkohene Dadiesoabehene, Anantahene andGyasehene. Each Division is independent on its own but they constitute the Gyaseclan of Asantehene. Anantahene swears to the Asantehene vith the MpomponsuoSword. He goes to the Asantehene direct without passing through a chief oranybody.The stool is an Abusua Dwa. It is a stool of matrilineal descent. The Ananteheneis the personal commander in chief of Asantehene.It is said that one Fosu, a servant of Nana Osei Tutu, who was takenover by NanaOpoku Ware, was sent by him to Asin to purchase 300 guns from the Coast. Thethen Chief of Asin was called Apotoe. So when this servant was returning fromthe coast it is said that this Chief Apotoe from Asin challenged him not to allowhim to send the guns to-Asantehene. A fight ensued. It is said that thisman Fosuwas followed by a large retinue when he was sent by the King, so as a .result ofthe skirmish Fosu captured tho Agin Chief. He was decapitated. H6 furtherseized the following from the Asin Chief:(1) Black Stool of the Asinhene(2) Drum called Etum.. ) Umbrella Katamanso with cover called Papagyate(4) State Horn - Apotoe wo no, (sound)So on arrival at Kumasi Okomfo Anokye, the spiritual adviser andconfidant of:santehene, informed Nana 0poku Ware that his servant was a greatwarrior. Hewas thus nicknamed Batafo Bediako. So Asantehene ordered that he hadproclaimed him the Head of the runs sobought.He was thus created the Anantahene, that is chief of the longguns (double-barrel guns). The King ordered that he had createdhim to

have equal status vith the Baiktamahene in the military sense, to challenge him incase he was trying to bring trouble or seize power in the state.He therefore ordered that the. following chiefs should dome under thi-scategory:'l1) Nsumankwahene- Chief of the Medicine men NsenieheneKyeremahene - Head of all Asantehene' s,-Drums excluding Ketehene(4) Kdasehene"(5) Asinhene6) Bakamehene7) Bogohene(8) Bansohene (Ashanti)

- 3 -Enuben Akyaw, a royal :Qf the stool, during this same King Nana Osei YawAkoto. He was succeeded on the stool by Saiior Gyawu during the reign of thesame king, Nana Osei Yaw Akoto, Asantehene.He was succeeded on the stool by Darko Aporowah, a royal of the stool, duringthis same Asantehene, Nana'Osei-Yaw Akoto. He was succeeded onthe stool byAsamoah Nkwvanta, who went to Daboya and captured Kramo Tia during thereign of NaaaAgyeman Iv the least pugnacious king. Asamoah Nkwanta alonereigned at the time of Nana Kofi Karikari - Asantehene. He was succeeded byBafuor Sie, a royal of the stool, during the reign of Nana MensahtBonsu -Asanteheneq He was succeeded by Bafuor Adu Kofi during the reignof KingMensah Bonsu. He reigned up to the time of Nana Prempeh I.He was succeeded by Chief Safo whilst tli6 King was in Seychelles. Hewas aroyal of the stool and not by appointment of the orown.He was succeeded by Bafuor Awuahj the present Anantahene, in1934, who ruled up to 1949. He was destooled and after ten years was recalled inr1 959. He was succeeded by Ose1 Yaw: He spent 9 years on the stool and wasdistooled for conspiring against the present Asantehene and the presentGovernmentsHe was succeeded by the present chief,. Nasa Bafuor Aruah, who had been oncedestooled.Title: Bafuor - King. Opoku Ware conferred the title of Bafuor onAnantahene, meaning a c -ef, of gallantry. It is said that the official title ofAnantahene is Bafuor, and not Nana.

CHIEFS OF THE ANANTA STOOL0 9 0 * 0 &*e.uS.oegS 000 .....eS0*40 eeee**i st2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 1 2th 13th I 4thChi.efIt 'I 'VTwitwi Akuma, for thus UIng able to come home with so many strangers afterkilling the Asinhene, won the traditional appellation "Twitwi Akuma". So Fosuwas surnamed Twitwi Akuma (Fosu Twitwi Akuma)

*uOgemeOae boo 00 00000bo bee 00060Fosu Twitwi 1kuma Ampam Odie Atuo (a son) Appiah Dankwa AsamoahKMiadwo Enuben Akyaw Bafuor Gyawu Darko Aporowab Asamoah NkwantaBafuor Sie Bafuor Adu Kofit SafoBafuor Awuah (1934 - 1949 Destooled) Osei Yaw (Destooled) Bafuor Awuah(re-enstooled - thepresent Anantahene)

Classification: Informant: Recorded by:Date:Sub ec t:IAS acc. no. AS.4 Oheneba Afoduo, AsrampongheneJ. Agyeman-Duah28th October, 1962ASPRUMqPNG STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.March, 1963.

The Asrampong .Stool was created by Opimsuo - Nana Osei Tutuafter the def eat df"th fle1eyer tby the Ashantis. Itiis said that he oke:at6d thisstool uiier seven birempong, namely: osehene, Kobinhene, Ahurafuohene,humhene, I'*m, and Atabiresohene.",This is a stool of a royal inheritancoe, but it is designated for th6'princes of theAsantehene from a particular stool house known as Da~biase., 'Itis aid that RanaAsantehene Osei Yai koto married a wotiani ailed' Nyarko Yaa from the house ofDaabuase herethe stool in question is said to have been originated.-F. The fi rst*thief of this otool is khQwn as Krakese. He wasenstooled just lafter the Denkyera War with Ntim Gyakari. He also wentto thefArst Cyamn War with the Ashantis when'the Gyaman-Chief, Abo, wasdefeated.This was during the reign of Nana Opoku Ware, Asantehene.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yamoah during the reign ofNana Osei Kwadwo who fought in the broad day light. He also went toBanda Tarwhere the Banda Chief Worasa was decapitated and his head sent toKumasi. It issaid the war with the Banda people was one of ho stilities.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Nim during the reign of Nana ',gyeman,that is King Kwaku Puah I. It is said: that he was the only ..shanti king whohAdnot a pugnacious temperament.Nana Nim was succeeded on the stool by Nana Asampong Boakyeduring the reign of this same Nana Agyeman, the most peaceful ruler of theOshantidkings. Nana A sampong, it is said, went to several wars during the reignof King Kofi Karikari. He fought with the Europeans when Ramsay, the BaselMissionary, was captured by the shbantis and sent to Kumasi as a war prisoner.He also went 'o war with Nana Mensih Bonsu at Juaben where Asafu

*Adjaye was drievn to the present area of Kofiridua. He remained on the stool tillthe reign of Nana Prempeh I. He also went to Nkoranza iiiar during the reign ofKing ?rempeh I, alias Nana Kvaku Duah III. He was succeeded on the stool byNana Kojo Boakye during the reign of King Prempeh I, that is on hisreturn fromthe Seychelles. He was on the stool till 1900. He saw ative service in the YaaAsantewaa War in 1900. He was succeeded on the stool by Oheneba Afodun in1901, who is the present occupant of the stool. He is about 90. yearsold.

Note:Military DivisionWhen going to. war, the Asramponghene usually walks behind theGolden Stool. He protects the Golden Stool from ary encumbrances.It is said that it is quite customary for the Asantehene to go towar with the Golden Stool by-his side; it is also said thatWhenever 'the. santehene is going- to the battlefield in person hemust beacc6mpanied by the Golden Stool, be.ause,th.e Golden Stool.serves as th esotl -of thetnation. .,It'is ou, of:ethp: statutory- normof the nation forthe Asantehene- to, go to the battlefieldi wthoutVthe Golden Stool.It Is said that the s~ntehene scarcely, ever goes to thet'battle-'field"'- but When a situation of great consequence has arisen then,of course, he is dbliged to go to the said war with the GolkdnStool.Though Otumfao may go to the battlefield, traditi6n hasJ-it that Mamponghene.*illbe acting in his capacity a-s the. Commander-inChief of the nation..Whenever Otumfuo goes to the battlefield the military divisionto which he belongs is the Ananta. .The .Antahene of. Kumasi istherefore known as.Osahenle,. thAt is Cmm in dern-.-Kbef. TheAnantahene belongs to the. Gyase, -clan of.,:t hb;esant ehene.Whenever the Asatehene is taking the field for war he is at-t.at particular moment,or whilst in the battlefield, known or called.Tepuruikusu,*Odi-Anantamu, meaning the Great King going to the* attlefield within the unanta Division. -.It is said that formerly the Asramponghene was an independentchief, but -through the influence andinitiati--e of the presentreigning moArch, Nana Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempah II L.B.E, theAsram.ponghene'Was plbed undr. the Manwere clan. .A-e I.s atpres.ntrunning next in commind- tV th anwerehene of .iumasi..' (Ivarwere"means Guard or Bodyguara!-of Asanteh'Ene in -his., hous-ehold..)It is said that forme ly there was no separate clan for theManwere. The Manwereh.ene was under th.e Gyasehene'ror Gyase.Divisionof the King's household. fanwere clan was thus. created by the.present Asantehene, Sir sei Agyeman Prempeh II. .

-3,-Chiefs of AsrMp,~ -Stool

Ist Chief Krakese2nd Nana Yamoah3rd Nania Nim4.th Nana Asampong Boa1ye5th '~ Nana KoJo Boa3kre6t Nana Oheneba .Afoduo

Classifcation:IS acc. no. S5Inf orLi.nts:il,-avfuor hsamool T---tQ II, c2t oI,, -C2.wvab cKofi ;Ju A.ur Qy',Lrseherle ObaapTanin Akosua Sarewali (Konkori) Vo 2-cKwriab,.na YKwakyeRecoraea ay:J. llgyozaan-DunhDate:Subject:13th February, 1963ADUMA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of tfrican Studies, University of Ghana, Legon,March, 1963Classif

Adumhene belongs to the Akwau Clan of Kuasi. He runs second in cc::7.1cnJ tJtho .hwa...uhone of K.urrsi. He svc rs t<: the i;,,ntehene with the MpoL 1ponsuosword. The hctumhene is also the Head of Adura and ,brafo of the santehene. Heis the Hea-.d of the _santehonu's Executioners. The Ldumhene hasa dual positionin the King's Court Yard. That is, vihen the Tin, sits in state antl the Quc,_nJ:otther of -shf.,nti (_santehen-a) is present, thk , duhoene is oblijud by qustou 'Gsit on the left hand side of 4.santehenaa, ath.t is, just behind the -.santchune.The second position of the ildunhene is that when the Asantehone sits in state Lndthe %)ueon 1.iothcr of .;shanti is not present, then, of course, the Adumhoioe sitswithin the 12ezibers of the zakwanu Clan.Thu roa son fc.r this dual position-is that whonevur there issensc-tional mattor the .dumhon. sits just on the left hand side of the King. Lutsince the Quoen T.fother seldom attunds a sitting cf° the State Council unlessthere is a sensational matter, on those occasions the 'Adurhone is obliged to moveto the left of the Queen iviotherVhonever the Asanteheno wants capitalpunishment to be meted on a perpetrator, he gives a sign to the idu -ene. 7Tnentbc case h.s boon ruled by Otumfuo and judgement pronounced by theAkyes theperpetrator is handed over to Adunhene, who in turn hands the captive over to oneof the Executioners, including the brafohene. It is further said thatwhen judgement has been given for capital punishment, the Prepeh Drum isbeaten to signify that capital punishment has been. meted on the offender.

It is said that the Adunhene hands the captive ovr to one of his servants. Afterthe executioners have executed duty they report tOLdunhene, who will announce to Otumfuo, "I " (satisfactory work has takenplace).The Adumhene is no subordinate chief to the Lkvarauhene of Xumsi. The1dumhene is at liberty to call at the King's palace without passing throughanybody. He can even call at the palace in the middle of the night to holdconsultation or to have private talks with Otumfuo.The Adum Stool is one of patrilineal descent. In the old days it was occupiedsolely by the appointment of the King.The present Adun people, it is said, were formerly resident atNyanoase, near Nsawam. They were then known as Nyanoase people. It is saidthat from Nyanoaso they migrated to Anuu _in the Akwamu district in the presentGhana, near aki . ..It is said that at Nyanoase Akomfo Kokoo, alias Okomfo 'Anokyo, had beencustomarily arrested by the chief of Nyanoase. It is said that at

- 2that .ti.. Hyanoase was the c pit'] of (.k,-.u. It .s saiA. t-jt. TlnoasC.o:.ha-LL wantca to naete capital puis c'a.tn,,- on OkUrlfo '.nolqjo.It is sr.!id. tlytt ,-hon Osol F',.TaneO, alias Th._ Osei Tutu, :.rriV,;at iyanoase from Denkyira, he halte, c sc.w hre..' Okc,.ifo okoohrnj b, oinolosted. It is said that hna.-Lsa-uoah, who introduced i Onr soi 1"': . alias CseiTutu, to the Nyanosoheno, asks: Os i L a;2c ,hotbr ho knc;w ; that perpetrator,Okomf fokoo; rana Osc:i Tutu *Ii" IY.-..hi a at Denlkrira at the King's palace, -then inom as Nk,,.nfor+,so, that , the firstcapital townof the Donkyirahenc". (It is saij to b<; on t">Y righthand side fromthe Dunkwa Road.)So thrin Osei Kwiae wont to tho house of Nyanoasohre a.nd o:.:chaned grc;stings. It is said that Anua-Lsamoah, the Adunhono to be, was a nephew ofNyanoasehone, the r.ukwah4ui e.Prior to the exchange of gretings, it is said that Anum-Asamoah asked OsoiIwarze his Abusua, or Clan, and Osei said that he was of the Oyoko Clan. So hewas asked by Antur-Asamoah to respond "Yaa, i.biraw".So on responding "Yaa Lbircw", the I7yanoasehone - Lkwa *uhne asked OseiKwame, through his lingqists, to come before hin whilst sitting in state. TheNyanoasohono - Lkwamuhono - asked him of his native town and Osei repliedthat his native town -r,.s Kwamang, the name of the then Kumasi. Hd asked himof his Clan anl he replied ss of the Oyoke extraction. The Fin, said, "then you arc-. true royal of ni'ne".So the Nyanoasehene - Akwamuhene - asked what sort -f present he should giveto him. Osei Kwame, it is seid, refused to accept anything, but askedfor therelease of Okorfo,Kokoo from his servitude. 'The King no doubt released himgladly. It is said that Okomfo Anokye was at that time Ioownai as Okunfo Kokoo.So after all, Okonfo Anokye, Osei Tutu, and 1Lnum-Lsamoah, cane

calmly to the house, that is, the place of their residence. It is said thatOkomfoAnokye became accustomed to falling intc a trance every night. So Anum-Asamoah advised that it would be meet and proper if they went to Akuapim to doa hit of fetish work, with a view to getting or fetching money to t.ueet their living.So thgj travelled from Nyanoase to Lwukugwa in Akcwapin, the threeof tho:-.- todo a bit :-f fetish work. Whilst there Lnokyo performed several miracles.The iyanoasehene - ,kwamuhene - sent after the three men, informing then thatsome people from Asanto had come aftcr Osei Kwaaue to taku hiu

- 3 -along to be the A&santeho.It is said that Osei Kwane refused to go to Kunasi. But I'mokye advised him. to -go because he had a bright future, So after all Anokye agreed to accompany Osoito Kunasi. 6.t that tiTi,, he, Okoufo Anokyo, was known as Okumfo Kookoo.it is salid that the Nyanaoshonae Akwanuhene - appointed three of his nephews,nanely ntmum-Asamoah, .samoah Monsah, and "'.do, to accompany Osoi Tutu,the Asantehene to be0, to Kumasi. But whilst making the necessary preparatidn,it is said tliat Lsrioah I enjah refused to. go on the next clay becausehe had fall~nin love with a certain girl. Ldo ,.so refused to go to Ku ..si. He Aalso hadbefrionded'a certain girl somewhere on the way.It is said that in addition to 77 guns, only Antua-Asamoah accompanied Osei to.Kuiasi. Anum-A' samoah came with his wife, by name Kyekye Akenten, fromAkwamu. When they arrived at the River Birim, it was at its highest depth. SoOsei asked Anokye to see to it. But Anokye refused because he had no medicinefor that job. So !Anum-.samoah discovered a certain animal, by namekokotecrawling along, the side of the river. ;un-Asanoah, it is said, follwoed it up andarrived at a place whore the river .was passable. So he called all ofthem to comealong because he had got a more suitable place for thom. So they were able tocross the river.As a result of this incident, the Asantehene has a Donno whichsounds, Kwayfebom Ta - Ye koroo, meaning that it'wis Asamoah who got theway for us. So the first son of Aduinhone, in appreciation of the generosity ofthe Kokoto, was called Kokote Asamoah.They arrived at Kumasi. So when thW came to Kumasi, Osei, an proclamation assuch, refused to allow the Akwau retinue *to go back. He gave thema place tostay. So they were known - s Lnumff, which name has been corruptedintoAdumfo. Thus came about the creation of the Adum Stool by King 0sei Tutu.9the King further ruled that orily the sons and grandsons of the said Stool shouldinherit the AdumStool, so it is one of patrilineal descent. The Iing ordered that thesons and servants of the Stool should inherit.The Asantehone further directed that the Lsuwadrofuoheno - Asafohene shouldbecome the Head of this group because they were strangers.The dru Stool was created by King Osei Tutu.- So the firstLdumhene, Anum-Asamoah, went to Domna war with Os-ei Tutu when DormaaKusi of Kunasi was killed.

- 4 -He went to the D1nmkyira ,i-r -aith Ntim Gyakari when he wasUcefoe-tod at Feyiaso. Anum- ,se.aoah, it is saicl, vient to this ,iar a.lso.Lnum-Lsao';h v.,as succedded on the. Stool by .do (os3e during the. roign ofNana Opoku :4cr6. He was his son.it i5 said that prior to this wrxr Ldo Kesse announc ,i to the Kin[, that thore was avery powerful Chief who had an iron s uock (Dadie batakari'). He was theNsawkawhene. It is said that this Chief supported the Tayinaithene. So LdoKesse thought of befriending this Chief and capturing him by moansof trickery.So when they arrived at Nsawkaw, the Chief of Nsawkaw receivod himwholeheartedly. He asked IdrA of _his mission. Ado Kesse toldhim of hismission and the Ntscwkav-ieno in turn told hi:- that he would have backed theTalgyianhene if he had not come. So after friendly. negotiations hebecame onewith Ado Kesse.. Ata later date they drank to the gods to mark the symbolical expressionof theoccasion., So they becamae brothers. So Ado Kesse reported the matterto the King. So the Ashantis went to war and defeated the Takyinanhene withgreat success.Ado Kesse was succeeded on the Stool by Adjei Kesso, his soQn, during the reignof Kusi Bodom.Adjei Kesse was succeeded on the Stool by Acluri Etta, his son, during the reignof Nana Osei Kwadwo, the greit fighting king. He went to the. Worosa War.He. was succeeded on th Stool by Kakaba, a son of' Adum Atta, duringthe reignof Nana Osoi Kwame.He was succeeded on'the Stool by Nana Sampaney, during he reignof Nana OseiAkoto. Adum Atta and Sampaney were of the sanme father sons of Adjei Kesse.He was succeded on thq Stool by Bafuor ',.d6kabo, during, the reign of NanaAgyoman. He was a son of Adum Atta.He was su6ceeded by his brothor, Adjei Kesse, during the Juabon war in the reignof Nana Kofi Karikari.He was succoeded by Kyereme Dense for .forty days. He was a sonof&dokwabo.Kyeremo Dense was succeeded on the Stool by Asamoah Kwazio, hisbrother from the samze father, - sons of' Adokwabo - during the reign of' NanaKwaku Duah II and hgyeman Prempeh 1 . e was taken to Seychelles,

- 5atlong with. ProL:-poh I. Io Ii,-P2 in u'Ioychelles and iii.s body'W,-s sent toill- wns ououi n -bhc,. Ztool biYur&.ahTota). Hisapoiit-.11Dnw' s oy tkn; Crov;n. ---is f,,biu'r wc.s Donsuo, but ho wcs enstoolodby tho Crc-jiu. Hic rliud en tho Sto,,1. Ko diodi in 1930, D!cvoLjbor 2nd..o vcs succoccod -n tho Stood by xwk hafo t a fI.a2aXvwavo, duiring tho rei j.1 of tho prosu-A king. Al walustooloci for -mal<xinistraV Ln. Ha robolloci r ginst tb~Kingi,, ,tlcnc with G.S. _gycm.an rmi',ot'icrs.1{ WaS SUooC .. 1 kwesi ]3afuor, son of thu Stood. llo was

dostooleri aftor 18 ::onths' roign.Ho was succeoded by'Kofi 'jdm 4L1tta, a grandson of tå,, Stool * Ho; wasdestooled after 10 years' rei&ga.Ho was succoeded by Iiljoi Kesse, a grandson of tho Stool. lie roigned for 10years and diod on tho Stool. ..1e wjas succeodoed on the Stool by the PresentBafuor iLsaroah Toto II, the present Chiof, a. son of the Stool.Note:BafuorThe title Bafuar was conferrod on iÄ.uhene by King Osei Tutu.

- 6 -chi ef 6 o f th 0 St c,,ý 1lst C hi of2nd3rd4th ý-dur.i,K k L, b6t.h Samp.aney7th Bafuor i-ý.dokwabo8th lýcljei Kosse9th lýyereme DenselOth i-ý.se.rioah Iýwar.lc>11 th -ýafuor 'sw-ioah Toto12th Yýivaku Achamfuo destooled13th Bafuo - destý)olo(-114th Kofi Ltta - dostc)oled15th- ý,cýjei Kesse16th Bafuor ý',saLioah Toto II

Classification:Kyereme Kwaku Pong (alias Kyerefufuo). Asantehene' s AtutpamheneJ. Agyeman-DuahDate:16th October, 1962SubJect:HISTORY OF TE ASANMW'S TALKING DRUMS - AU PInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.March, 1963.AS.6IAS aoo. no.Informant:

It is said that in the old days the Asantehene did not havetalking drums for ceremonial occasions. It so happened that after the fall ofDenkyera Kingdom, or the capture of Ntim Gyakari at Fehyiase bythe Ashantis,

the then Toasehene, Yim Awere, who was no doubt one ofihe war captives, calledat the King's Palace to pay homage to him,or to exchange greetings with himThe King, it is said, having discovered that the Toasehene possessed some verykingly drums, became amazed at the manipulation of them.It is said that the Asantehene, King Osei Tutu, became greatly amazed at theplaying of these drums, especially when played by one Kyerema Pong. TheKing, it is said, ordered the seizure of these drums, and forbid them to be handedback to the Toasehene.The Asantehene, it is said, further directed that the Toasehene, who came fromDenkyera, should in future call at his palace to salute him or pay homage to him trough the Bantamahene.It is said that in a year's time the Asantehene had a change ofmind with regard to the sequence of exchanging customary greetings, and furtherdirected that the subjects from Toase who were connected with the beating of thedrums should pay homage to him or call at his palace to serve him through hisChief Stool Carrier, instead of through the Bantamanhene.It is said that at a later date Otumfuo removed .hem from the Chief Stool Carrierto Akrampa Gyase, where they have remained until this day, At present OpaninKyere Fufuo is the occupant of the Kyerema Pon Stool. The Stool of KyeremaPong, it is said, came from Denkyera. It is probable that the Kyerema Pong wasa sub-chief of the Toasehene. He was responsible for the manipulation of thetalking drums when calledthe following drummers of different categories to serve under theChief of theTalking Drums:1. Mpebi and Nkawerehene2. Fasafo Kokohene3. Nhehumahene4 D onnonkuruwahene5. The Chief of the Prempeh Drum.

C~a~sficvtionTAS racc. no. L.S.7-Infc3-:L.ntsNana .kwasi Sugyci-' !TI, Asainangheno Pa nyin l1iamp ong, Ab ontendomhen ePanyin AreBediako, 1i.kobialiere of Ihar -cngRecor-ded b~yJ . '.ya._an-DuahDate:Subject:9tUh Docu-Ybor, 1962ASAIYJANG STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies,University of Ghana, Legon.March, 1963Classification :

Asamang is about 28 miles from Kumasi and about 4j miles from Kokofu.The Asamonghene belongs to the Adonten Clan of Kumasi. he is L, juniorbrother of the Adonterhene of Fumasi, who is at timeL. hno,:rn L. theAdontenhrene of Ashanti. The Asamonghene is no subordin _tu h to the!.0ontehene, though the,Adontehene is the Head. Clan Chief'. I, Asamanghene tck-,s the Oath of All giance to Ctumfuo - Asulnteh(Le ith th, Mpomponsuo sword.In cnse there is a dispute ;:,ithin his area the Asamanighenii ccns...the Asantohene thr,.uth a linguiist. Anxyway he is at liberty tu cal . the King's ai.-acc iaid salute hi.!m without consultation.The Asamanghene, or the Chief of Asamang, is also the custodian of LakeBosumtwi - the property of Asantehene.It is said that Nana Amisare, ancestor of the As'amang Stool came from a villagecalled Adwafo near Kuntenase. When. 'he was at Adwafo almost r11 the Ekuonapeople were resident at this village. It was the place of abode for theEkuonapeople. An ancestress of the Ekuona people is known" as Akua Abina.Nana Adomako Ansah Panyin, a nephew of Tana Amisare and also ahunter, is said to have disco~v-red the present area of Asamang whilst NanaAmisare and his relatives, who were mainly the Ekuorias, were resident atAdwafo. At a later date he reported this discovery of. his to his uncle, NanaAmisare, then at Adwafo. Nana Amisare told his nephew, Adomako Ansah that itwas a bit premature for him to leave Advwafo for a new place as such,butAdomako tnsah no doubt objccted to his uncle's response andtstated inter alia thathe had now got his state, 6r OmaA (Me Asare Manya me Mang). Thus wasbrought about the name of sare Mang, that is, the Omang or state of-Asare, whichhas been corrupted into Asamang. Nana Amisare, it is said, at a l.tardate leftAdwafo unceremoniously as a result of a family dispute and hostilities, that arosebetween somo members of the family. It ,s s '. that he left with some few relativesand settled at a place called Aboaso, a vi'llage near Kokofu.Other members of the faiily ,also left for Yaa Ase, a village near Kuntenas e.Some members of the family, it is said, left for -sanso, a villagonear .Bekwai, and bilt their camp there.Some also left for Fomena In kdans district It is said thatNana Adomako Ansah, a nephew of Amisare, and others tog left for th,_,

- 2 -present area of Isamang whore they were rehabilitated.It is said that it wao during NTana Adomako Ansah's stay at this pl!,ce, no dknown s isaran;, thJt the first Loetig of the ,.sh'nti confederacywas held. ThPeplace whore the m-ctihg took pl...e , ai'o..n as Asant .s, anso. Sothe n-rile oflishanti is a derivation from t... particul,-Ar spot laiown as ,Lsantemanso..n,. Lsanto oanso is known -s the g'.,thering place of the peonle. is ner,'r Asumgy-i. Ft is sa'id ti,.at prior to this meeti ng -Lost :11 t. cliifl i:hom I tur. cscabooeersi.-ru ind.ependent.ia: A mis"ro wh, it is said, was alive some time in th'ei8thcentury, was an uncle of Oti Lkenten from the Ekuoha clan in the- paternal sense.

Nana Obiri Mango, a younger brother of Llana Amisare Aboasohene,married Nana Pramang from Kokofu and of course of the Cyoko clan.NanaNkyevaah Nyame (True4Angel of God) was the mother of Nana Pramang. Inhigh traditional circles Nant Nkyewaah Nyame, ancestrpss of King OsciTutu and of the Cyoko clan, is said to have come down from the sky with aminiature golden stool and landed at a place called Asiakwa in the Akimdistrict.Asiakwa in Ashanti means a place of descent.So after landing at &siakwa with her retinue she became hemmed in at the placeand migrated with other relatives to Kukofu where no doubt she married ObiriMango, the Chilef o'f Aboaso or Aboasohene.Tradition has it that in Ashanti there is a vast differenceb between'" Abusua(bogya) and Ntoro. The ._busua is passed on by and thr:ough the female andcannot be transmitted by the male. In the same way, the.Ntoro is transmitted byand through the male and cannot be transmittdby the female. So under the rule of matrilinal succession knov.i to the Ashantiswhen Nana Pramang, a daughter of Nana. Ankyeo Nyame, marri.JdObiri Mango(who no doubt was of the Ekuona. clan) she brought forth;:'.1N, Obiri Yeboa.It is said that it was somewhere in 1580 that Nana 0 iri Yeboah from theOyokoClan became the first Kumasihene.It is said that Nana Lmisare was succeeded on the stool by iTna. Adomako AnsahPanyin.He was present at the first meeting of~the Ashanti confedor, acy held atAsantemanso.

-3.lie Js succeeded on the st': l by Nanr I.domako knsah i."nyin. Hl, waf. succededon the stool by Adoz:ako Ansah III, during the re Ii Gf King Qsoi Tutu. It is saidthat it &as just at t'is tii.u tlv. Osei Tutu was brought from k.'aru hy the Kuriy.sinobles to occu:.,, the vacant stool of Iua si ( ,ban-Dwa)It- is said that tl°..e Ekuona People were i-icorporrtjd ii to tho. dontcn clan during thu reign of Ing "si Tutu. This Chiuf, !d.'aae'nsah III di ...ui the reign of King 0sol Tutu and wa;. suc, ,;,1i)don the stool by Nana Akora Gyimah, a newphow of Adomako Ln~ah IIT is said,that it uas just at this ti:nu th-t sl.ntehunz Osoi Tutu suiajrnod a meeting of all hisgrer.t cljiofs to apOc-.r before m 1 4im; th: great as3eribly was hold At 7ur.asi.This meeting no doubt was hold by the ,,santeman to discussretaliation against the Denk-jerahene, Ntim Gyakari, who had hadthe insolentaudacity to send three a ombassadors - a shield-bearer, a swordbearer, and acourt-crier - with a large brass pan to Kumasi, with the following message: "TheKing of Lsante and his Chiefs must fill up the brass pan with pure gold, and musteach send the favourite among his wives -and their mothers to lunkyera to becomehis wivs; and in addition, their wives must supply Denkyerahone'swives with"mposai" -r Baha 5.e., dry fibres of the plantain tree, to use duringtheir monthlycours , ., ,It is said that some chiefs present at 'this Supreme Council meeting

*f the nation,were Adakwa Yiadon, Nsuta Agyin, Tweneboa KoduaKumawuhene, Maniaampong - amponghene, !. ankatia Panyin - General of theKumsi Kronti force, Asafo L-were - General of the Kumasi Akwamuforce, andseveral others.It is said that when the Ashantis were about to wage war against the Denkyerqs,Okomfo Anokye, -the spiritual adviser of the nation, who was -then known asOkomfo Kokoo, ordered that the Mamponghene (JTifaheno of the nation) shouldbe the Commander-in-Chief of the nation. At this time the reigning Chief ofMampong was known as Boahene Mnantuo.The Asumgr461e, it is said, was to be the Senkumhene of thd1e nation.It is said that Okomfo Anokye further directed that before NtimGyakari coulee t'otally defeated and captured, all the Ekuona ahd Asenie clansmust be incorporated into the Aaonten force of the nation. So it is saidthat thepresent Adonteri clan consists of Ekuona and Asenie people;. It, is baid also that"Olomfo a nbye further predicted that before victory could be won the twodivisions, namely Ekuona and tsenie, be incorporated into one infantry arry, inthat Okomfo anokyc's

fa.th(. of the n:I.. c ,n:a,.his riother of tho 'soni.,- clii. Sthose two,.bo.'ies, it is said, cclistitutd the t .donten clan at that present ti.c. .It issaid th:,t Oko:i:o I':cksu's !J.iitarV division was th" o. t,do fnte clan.....it ise said that hO1:r:fo 2ky, further ruled tht on no cccour:t should ti Chiofs soincorporrted be suborclinato to one another. Ho furth r direited that the two chiefsof Ekliona and [.senio sh:.,uld share e;qually at the King's housewhenever therewas any proceed Ior present frri the King.O.komfo Anokye at a later date became the occupant of Iro..al.pong Stool, that isthe Agona Stool.It iA said that prior to the incorpor.tion of the Ekuona and Xsonio clans into theAkonten clan, the Ldontenhane, who was supposed tu be tr-L Head of the Asoniepeople, was thon known as lCduabenhene. Prior to this injorporation there was noAdontonhene, so it. i said that thu Elcuona and iisenie divisions constituted theAdonten clan. Tt is sai, that after the Denkyira war with Ntim Gyakari,King OseiTutu ruled thttio two division, namely Ekuona and hsenie, should be united andshare proceeds equally at his housohol l, but that the. Eduabenhonu should bemade the most senior, Thus ,Eduabenhene, now Ldontenhene, buc!--.-c tle HeadClan Chief of the Adonten Clan.Nana Akora Gyimah reigned up to the time of King 0poku Ware. It :issaid that itwas Akora Gyimah who discovered the lake Bosumtwi.Nana Akora .Gyimah was succeeded on the Stool by JNaa.:'yir_-a.h KTuxrz'. abrother of Akora Gyimah, during the. reign of Nana .0poku..'re-- 175He was succeeded on the stool by his brother, N -anaL AIyei Twui, during thereign of Nana Kusi Bodom - Asantehene - that is sonox1owere in 1750.Nana Agyei Twum was succeeded on the Stool. by KwakuL'g yei during the reifA of Nana Asantehene 0sei Kwadwo, the great Tigh~g King who fought in thebroad daylight..

He was succeeded on the Stool by ,Nana Abugyei .dring ,the reign' of AsanteheneNana Osei Kwame. . . . ,.Nana Abugyei I was suicceeded on the Stool by Nana Abugyei II during the reignof Nana Asantehene Bonsu Panyin.- 4

-5He was succeeded on the Stol by Kwame Koromo during this sane F-n, NanaBonsu Panyin. This chief was destooled for mal-acinistration.He was succeeded by Yaw Lgyei during the reign of this same King Nana BonsuPanyin. He died on the stool. H reigned up tD the time (i Nana Kofi Karikari. Iheard that he ms more than a centenarian.It is said that it was during the reign of Yay Agyci that the isauiong peoplemigrated to Akin as a result of the sebe "Tar. He was succee(].C on theStool byKofi Boabe. He reigned for only 40 days and was destcJ ed for mal-adcinistration.T-. was succeeded by Yaw Gyimah before King Prempeh I was taken" SeychellesIsland. He was also destooled for mal-administration.He was succeeded by his brother Kwadwo Karateng whilst King Prempch I wasin Seychelles. He was also destooled for mal-administraion. He was succeeded onthe Stool once again by Yaw Gyinah who was at one tin3 destooled.During rhe Yaa Asantewaa War it is said that this chief tookshelter in the Kumasi Fort on the side of the British. He was once mcre destooled,It is said that aftab the Yaa Asantewaa War the Asamangpeople were made to gerve the Kokofu people as a matter of administrativepolicy.He was succeeded on the Stool by Nana Akwasi Abugyei III in 1927. He wasdestooled in 1932 for mal-administration. He was succeeded by oneKwameFosuhene, a royal of the Stool. He was also destooled. Nana Abugyei III wasrecalled in 1935 during the re-establishment of the Ashanti confederacy by theBritish Government.It will be recalled that Otumfuo Sir Osci Agyeman Prempeh II, bornAugust 1693 and educated at the Methodist School in Kumasi, succeeded KingPrempeh I as Kumasihene as a result of his repatriation from Seychelles Island.The happy relations established between the Ashantis and the British Governmenton January 31st. 1935, led to the reestablishment of the Ashanti confederacy and,following precedent, the Kumasihene ws appointed Asantehone and the first Kingof Ashanti uhder British rule.Nana Abugyei was once again destooled after 8 further years' rulefor mal-administration. He was succeeded by one Adomako Ansah, a royalof the Stool.He was also destooled in 1948 after two years' rule. It will be recalled that therecorder of this History, then a Clerical Assistant of the erstwhile Kumasi StateCouncil, now the Kumasi Traditional Council, was appointed by Otumfuo theAsantehene, along with king-makers of the Stool had wanted to have the ex-Chiefdecapitated.

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Th.is brutal act wvrs instantly resisted by the then Gold Coa ,t Police Yarce.Nana Akwasi Lbugyoi, th; pros nt ocCu ant of th,. Asc .' r?,a Stool, wV srcalled for the third ti.. in 1949.NoteAdontenIt is said that the Infantry ArLW of the Asanthene in the m.riddle of the MilitaryDivision ,f t1h ishanti army is the Adonten. This military system was introducedinto shanti by King Oei Tutu.

iiSPY,:.lilB STOOL CHIIFS1st Chief Nana lnisvarc2nd. I Ldaorako P.,.nsah Panyin3rd it4ldoma~ko Lnsah. Panyin II 4th 1'Adoiako insah III5th Akora Gyiruah6th GyiDmh Kriah7th Agyei Twuri8th Kwaku Agyei9th Abugyrei I10th "Abugyei II 11th Kwarie Koromo (destooled)12th Yaw Algyei13th Kofi Boabe (aestoole.)14th Yaw Cyiraah (destoolea)15th Kwadvwo Koragent (daestoolea)1 6t'h Yaw Gyimah (14th Chiefre-enstoole.)17th Akwasi Abugyei (enstooled in1927 and. destooled. in 1932) 14dh Kwame Fosuhene (destooled)19th Akwasi ;Abugyei III (enstoolod.again in 1935)20'th "Adoiako Ansah 21st .Akwvasi Abugyei III (enstooled agauinin 1949 - the present Chief of .1scuiang',

Classification : InformantsRegoded.khrIAS acc. no. AS.8Nana Owusu Akyaw II, Akyawkromhene Obaabanin of Akynwkromhene -3ootemn Opnnin Yi Derkye Opanin IKwaime AmponsahJ. Agyeman-Duah4th December, 1962 KYA:KROE: STOOL ::ISTCRIYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, LegonMarch, 1963

The Akyawkromhene belongs to the Adonten Clan. le is of the

Asenie division within the Adcnten Clan. :'e is nn independent chief and does notserve the Adontenhene of :umasi, though a senior brother. It was OkomfoAnokye, the spiritual adviser of Hing Zsei Tutu, who incorporated the Ekuona andthe Asenie divisions intc one clan the Adonten clan - just immediately after theDenkyere war with Ntim Gyakari.The Agonahene, Adontenhene, Amakomrnene, Kwamohene and Antoahene, allof the Asenie division, are at present members of the Adonten clan of Kumasidivision. Traditionally the foregoing chiefs are all uncles of the Akyawkromhene.The Akyawkromhene swears -,ith the Vptpcnsuo svrord, that is a s,,ord used bythe heads of the component states of the Ashanti Union and other Senior Chiefswhen taking the Oath of Allegianceto the Asantehene. This s~lord, it is said, '.,as the sword which King Opoku :areused in dedicating his life to the service of his people during the war against theAkim Kotoko (1731), when he was called upon to succeed his grand-uncle, KingCsei Tutu, who had died on the battlefield. The Akyawkromhene can consult orgc to see the Asantehene at his palace on any constitutional dispute orforsalutation without passing through the Adontenhene - the Head Clan Chiefof theAdonten Clan.It is said that Pane Yaa Asase, ancestress of the Akyawkrom stool,came up fromthe ground at a hole called Ayano Bong, or Ayano Tokoromu, at Akyawkrom,with her brother C-buu Asamoah and with the Akyawkrom Stool. Akyawkrom isa village on the Ejisu road from Xumasi. It is about 14 miles from Kumasi.It is said that it was the Akyawkromhene who gave the present land to theEjisuhene, Asumin Gyimah, for habitation. It is said that the Ejisuhene came from3otabu and bought the present area of the Ejisu from the then Akyawkromhenefor "Prejuan Nsiah", that is RG 8 x XG6. It is said that the Ejisuhene,AsuminGyimah, was unable to. settle the said debt and even today the people ofAkyawkrom are still demanding the balance of Prejuan - i.e., 2G 8.It is said that on emerging froi t-e hole they met a certain man, by nameOdomankoma Obodie, who was resident at Akya,:,krom. He fought mercilesslywith Cbuu Asamoah for fear that at some future date the descendents of bothhimself and Cbuu Asamoah might claim the o-wmership of the land in question. Itis said ttat just immediately after the war Cbuu Asamoah, who gained the upperhand, became totally blind, but later recovered as a result of the performance ofcertain miracles.At a later date Obuu Asamoah discovered a certain river on his side which henamed Akantanso. This river is said to be 17ing bet-reen the presentAkyawkromvillage and the Asutwe village.

-2-It is said that Hana Tutu Ampim, Akyawkromhene, was a brother ofKing Csei Tutu in the paternal sense. Their father wias Owusu PanyinofAbrankese Iyame Anihene. It was during the office of N]ana Osei Ampim thatOkomfo Anokye arrived witWh"ana Osei Tutu frcm Akwramu to occupy the

vacant stool of his grand-uncle, Nana Obiri Yeboah. At this timeNana TutuAmpim was an independent chief resident at Akyavkrom.It so happened that Awhen the Ashantis were about to ,!age war against theDenkyiras, Ckomfo Anokye trern a searching question tc the twould-be Ashantination: '",ho wYill be able to fight with the fairies or ghosts?". Aduonee Pim, theAdontenhene-to-be of Xumasi, wh'o is traditionally knct-m as theAdontenhene ofAs:anti, but -.vas t.en kno-Tn as Aduabinhene, a Fetish Priest resident at Aduabin,responded to t:is request ofOkomfo Anokye. ,-e said he would fighit witv. the fairies or ghosts ,ith alacrity.He later told Okomfo Anokye t>:t before -aging this war with the fairies or ghostshe would have to negotiate rithl his brothers who were known as "Aseniefo ". TheAseniefo , or Asenie group, wh-ich he consulted for this !;.ar were asfollo,,s:1.Amakomhene - Akosa Yiadom2. Akyavwrkromhene - Tutu Anpim3. Antoahene - Sakadie DateHe further negotiated writh five Ekuona chiefs, namely, Asamanghene,Asansohene, Abenkyinhene, Aboosohene, and Ayaasehene. O-komfo Anokye, itis said, further predicted that Akyawkromhene s'ould lead the saidwar because hewas the most senior amongst them. The 'Tar ",ith the fairies or gh.osts, it is said, -!as fought at Adunku. a village near Kokofu.The Adontenhene, Aduonoo Pim, and his brother chiefs, it is said, defeated thefairies and captured them. it is said that it ,,,as during this time that CkomfoAnckye created the Adonten Drum (Adonten Twene) and te Befonu Dua, seventrees in one, for the Akyawkromhene. It is said t' t -,hen this Adonten Drum isbeaten t:Vien there is --ar for the natio. It is more or less an alarm drum for thenation. !Whenever it is beaten then it means that there is a great -var for the nationand all should prepare themselves and move to the battlefield. The Befonu Dua isalso used as a curse -Then fastened on the ground against the enemy*whieneverthe nation is taking the field for ',ar. This Drum, it is said, is seldom used unlessthe occasion demands it. It is rarely beaten, unless there is a war. TheAkyawkromhene, though responsible for the beating of this drum,never sets eyeson it unless there is a 'var of the nation; the Bamang people are responsible for tekeeping of t.is drum.

-3-Bamang is a village near 3onwire. This village comes under thedivision of Adontenhene. The people there are subjects of the Adontenhene, It ishis village.At a later date Okomfo Anokye, who is known in high traditionalcircles as Okomfo Kookoo, predicted that the next --iar to be waged by the nationwas that against the Dormans. But prior to this war Okomfo Anokye, thespiritualadviser and confidant of King Osei Tutu, predicted that certain miracles shculd beperformed. So certain scientific chemicals were mixed with the StoolofAkyawkrom before the war ensued. The Akyawrkromhene no doubtwent to this,rar and returned home with success. The reigning chief of Akya-Tkrom at this

time was Nana Tutu Apim. It is said that Akyawkromhene at this time had 30guns.After this i"ar with Dormanhene, presumably at Suntresu wlere we have thepresent Xumasi Estate Buildings, Ckomfo Anokye, it is said, ordered the creationof the Adonten Clan by King Csei Tutu.In reverting to Akan military organisation, the Adonten is supposedto be the main body of the army ith whom is the :krontihene.In Ashanti the Adontenhene of umasi is regarded as the Adontenhene of Ashanti.Ee has the status of a paramount chief. He is regarded as a grade I chief. Heseldom removes his sandals from his feet even when exchanging greetings withAsantehene or calling on the Asantehene for customary salutations.It is believedthat an infringement of this custom will bring famine to the nation. Eventodayany Adontenhene who violates this custom will be customarily arrested andseverely dealt with by the Asantehene.It is said that after the said war Ckomfo Anokye created thefollowing Poduo Stools:- Bantama, Adonte, Antoa, and 3antama Baamu. PoduoStools are of high significance and at the same time are regarded asprincipalstools in Ashanti. They are stools more or less of a supernatural significance.Plana Tutu Apim, it is said, went tc the Denkyera "ar, where Ntim Gyakari, theDenkyerahene, was defeated at Feyiase. He returned home unscathed.He also went to the first Gyaman war with the Ashantis when theGyaman King Abo was conquered. This war, it is said, took place duringthe reignof King Cpoku 'are, Okatakyei.Mana Tutu Apiin was succeeded on the stool by Nana 3erkye Framoh,hisnephew, during the reign of Nana Nusi Obodom - Asantehene. He wasalso on thestool during the reign of Mana Osei Xadwo. It is further

-4-said that Mana 3erkye Framoh, who was more t:mn a centenarian, reigned up tothe time of Nana Bonsu Panyin - Asantehene.He was succeeded on t;e stool by his nephew, Baayim. It is said tat Baayim wonthe traditional appellation of "Twa" during the Ashanti T,,ar in Fantiland in thereign of riana Bonsu Panyin. After defeating t!he Fantis this chief swore tohimself that until he had placed his s-w.ord into the sea he wculd not return home.So he was called by his colleagues "Baayim Bia Ta", meaning a brave man whowas able to place a sword of the Asantehene into the sea.It is said tat the Asantehene, rnana 3onsu Panyin, thanked this chieffor this nobledeed. Thus the title of 3aayim Bia Tia was conferred on him.He was succeeded on the stool by Nti, his nephew, during the reign ofMann OseiYaw Akoto - Asantehene.Nena riti ,,,ias succeeded on the stool by his brotfler, Flti 'u.ah, during the reign ofthis same Plana Csei Yaw Akoto - Asantehene. Oae was succeeded on the stoolby Nana Owusu Ansah, a ne,,phevi of Nana rtiNumah, during the reign of P.ana Agyeman - King Xwaku Duah I.He w.as succeeded on the stool by N'ana "fare, a nephew of Nana Cwusu Ansah.

He T-as succeeded on the stool by his ne,,phew,, Nana -:unsi r'kyera, during thereign of .ing '9ofi 7.arikeri.Nana Plkyera was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, rana :wameSarpong.Kwame Sarpong was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, 'ana Nsebe Tuo,during te period of Ning Prempeh's repatriation from theSeychelles Island.He ,ras succeeded on the stool by ::.,asi Adom who, it is scidt was a regent andnot a royal of the stool. It is said that at this time there -was no ripe royal for thestool, so as custom demands, a regent of the stool was appointed. Hewasdestooled for mal-administration.He ,,ias succeeded o the stool by a right royal of the stool, NanaCwusu Akyaw II, the present reigning dhief, and a nephew of Msebe Tuo.

-5-CIE EFS CF T-E AKYA!IMUL STOOL1st2nd 3rdChief Chief Chief4th Chief5th6th 7th 8th 9th 10th l1th12th 13th 14th15thObuu Asamoash Penaman, a sister of Cbuu Asamoah Owusu Ajyem, a son ofrlana Penaman.-e reigned at the same time as [ana Cti Akenten, as well as Man CbiriYeboah. Eereached a very old age on the stool. He was cver 1CO years old. Tut Apim(during the reign of Csei Tutu)Boakye Framoh 3aayim Bia wa NtiNti .umahC-,Yu su An sah : Jare7 uasi Nkyera Kame Sarpong Nsebe Tuo Kwasi Adom (Regent - destcoled)Owusu Akyaw IIChief Chief Chief Chief Chief ChiefChief Chief ChiefChief Chief

Classification : InfornantIAS aco. no.AS. 9Nana Osei Kwame, AtipinheneRecorded byJ. Agyeman-DuahDate :

28th October, 1962SubjectATIPIN STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.March, 1963

The Atipin Stool comes under the category of Ankobia clan. The Atipinh ene runssecond in command to the Ankobiahene of KuMasi.The 3tool of Atipin is said to have been created by Nana Osei Kwame, theAsarit0-1--.nu. It is said that Nana Oiwusu Ansah, the first Atipinhene, was th:soil of Asantehene Nana Osei Kwame. Under a system of mtrilineal desoentknonm to the Ashanti people, T1ua Owvusu Ansah, it is said, came from the.kympim Stool House, but his father was the Asantehene, Nana Osei Kwame.T:e Atipin Stool is one of patrilineal descent. It is knwn as "Ylmamm Dwa", thiatis, a stool of patrilineal descent. Traditionally the Atipin Stool is at times knownor called Owusu Ansah Panyin Akondwa, that is, the 1.tool of Owusu Ansah.The occupant of this stool usually calls the Asantehene "Agya", meaning fathor.It is said that when this stool was created fbr Oheneba Owusu Ansah, he put thisquestion to his father, tie Asantehene: "In case I depart to the Region of Hades,who should succeed me?" It is said that-the Asantehene Qrdered thatonly thesons and grandsons of the Golden .Stool should be entitled to the Atipin Stool.Nana Osei Kwame thus created the Atipin Stool. Nana Ousu Ansah, whoissupposed to be the first Atipinhene, was the son of Nana Osei Kwame,Asantehme, who was tne only surviving son of Nana Osafo Kontanko,thellarnonghene, Nana 0wusu Ansah came from the Akyempim Stool House.It is said that when Nana Osei Kwame was enstooled as Asantehene hereceived miscellaneous gifts and silver collections from the variousstates inAsLMnti, which amounted to &eredwah Dumienu, X0 120, as a token of his newposition. He gave this money to the Adontenhene of Kumasi, then knownas NanaAmanlkvdah. Nana Osei Kwame, it is said, appointed the Adontenle-na to be hisTreasurer and instructed him to keep the said money for en'iortaining strangerswho cald at the King's Court.kut later on, it is said, to Adontenhene, Nana Amankwaah, conspiredwith sorr ofthe Akyeame in the Kumasi state to embezzle the money. They said that t hadentertained the strangers tith such money. Nana OseiKwame objected to this and later put the following choice to the Adontenhene. Kefirst asked the Adontenhene whether he would like to be killed alive bybeingtortured, or whether he would ;ay back the money in question without any trouble.So the Adontenhene submitted that sincehe was unable to refund the naney -Eseso, Ehwia, AlSira, and Adugyanma. Nana Asantelfene Osei Kwame acceptedthis exchange and took these: villages. 'JTon he created the Atipin Stool for hisson, Nana Ovusu Ansah, he. orderad that the said villages shouldbe added to theAtipin Stool.

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It is iultA.x.;r saiC that .r'-en Otumfuo ,ana Osei Kwame created,the stool for hisson, Nana Owusu Ansah started to we . when .omin"o e the Oath oi' Allegincebefore Otumfu6. 'o Oti'mfuo asked him the purIose of his- wcapiL.> lie repliedthat he had given the st-ool to him as his bel6ved son alone nd tha lie ha3. nosupporter. 2I, n i t.-uu'7,,uo 0sui Kwame *ordered that as from that date the sonsand -aidsons of the Golden s:tool ;should inher.it th.e said s'to'ol. So tlA stoolsince its creation ia Toen occupied by the sons and gvandsc:.o of tneGoldenStool. It is alo said that vhen Nana Osei Kwame got these villagesfrom"Adonenhocne, he said to himself: "I have thcug:ht deeply increating thi;stool for my son as sich. I have te.'fn thie said to;ms to. create ,]o stool"that is,"Mapeneme Tiriu .a ;imagre 3aa Nneema Yi afri wonryen eren me ba". Thus wasbrought abcut J- Atip:i Stool..Nana C':usu Ansah went to the Gyaran i ar 6u:rn.n,, t.c ruig n of"Bana 0seiOonsu h r nheann rtu,;n,It sh ld, however, be noted that s i ihen Otumfeo N-ana Osei Kwama, theAsaxiteheno Moc t and the only surviving son of the. -amonghene, Nana SafoKantanka, vias coming from Manpong to Kumasi to occupy- the Golden Stool ofAshanti, som time in 1777, the 0yoko-Bremangione,. _Yana Ntoo-Boroku,conspired -vith some members of the Kumasi 2raditionial Concil of Chiefs toopipose vehemently the candidature of Nar&: Osci _hvame - ra direce descendantof King 0soi Tutu, the founder o-: the Ashanti nation. They preferred rathor the cadidature of a certain colateral royal from Ano in the Kokofu district.It sLould, moreover, be recalled that ciring the reign of Nana Attakora Paiin, theMamponghene, there was only one surviving female royal of tniGolden Stool (adirect descendant Of King Osei Tutu) known as ,,amna Aberafi Yaa, the Qu.eenlMother of Ashanti. Unfortunately this Mlamponghone became. blind through acomplicated system of incompatible4 as predicted by.the Oracle.He wassucceeded on the throne by his nephew, Asumgyima Ponemo. AsumgyimaPenemo also married brafi Yaa, the -ueen Mother of Ashanti anid his uncle'swidow, for fear that there would not be a direct descendca-t of KingOsei 1Tatu tooccupy the Golden Stool of Ashanti at some future date. Nana Abdrafi Yaa laterbrought forth Nana Konadu Yiaaom, w;io was to become the : ueen ilothor ofAshanti.7-hen i1:ana Kaitanka' s uncle, Asumgyima, died, ho also marriedhis uncle'svidow, Aberafi Yaa, the Queen Mother-of Ashanti, and had two daughters, AiaSexrah A;iuImwaa and Ser;ah Dente. Later he also married his wifels dau..huer,Nana Konadu Y-iadorn, who buc.,me queen mother of Ashanti, and sho broughtforth two d:au-iters, Nana Ama Serwah mnd Ama Serwah Ba-an, adoneSon, OseiKwame, the Asanteheno-to-be.

- 3. -oertholess, when Nana Osei Kwame was about to be enstooled as the Asantehene,there was strong opposition amongst some of the Kumasi chiefs, led by theOyoko-Bremanghene, Nana Ntoo-Boroku. So the Mamponghene.,Nana Attakoraensah, who had then succeeded hils uncle, Nana Osafo jantanka, thought it Metand proper to mobilise forces from the Brong Kyampim area for fear of t e strong

opposition that had been set up by the OyokoBremanghcno. The -.amponghenebecame infuriated about the unhappy state of affairs md marched from MampongWith his mbilised force to Kumasi, and, singing the military song of '"Osum seYenbra Yaa ba, Osum se Yenbra Yaa be, OJ]oro Berebi a Yebeye Ama Nuoo:"immediately rushed to the meeting of the I umasi Council of Chiefs which wastaking place at Dwebraim near the present IIinistry Buildings.On, arrival at Dwebraim, where the Kumasi Traditional Council wasinsession,thu harfponhene, Nana Attakora Mensa., called his Executioner,by nameKonkonti, who responded "Nam!", meaning that he was ready to have the0yoko-Bremanghene decapitated. The Manpofighene then called his Executionerfurther mrith the words, "Kutukum"', and Konknti, having replied "ote man", cutoff the head of Oyoko-Bremanghene, .Ntoo-Boroko of the Oyoko clan of theKumasi Traditional Council, who was supposed to be the ring-leaderof theconspiracy.This act of-the iamponghene oreated a great sensation in Kumasi andthere was anuproar among the remaining chiefs -f the Kumasi Council, who instantly causedthe enstoolment of His Royal Highness Nana Osei Kwame, the accrediteddescendant of King Osei Tutu.Nana 0 vwasu Ansah Panyin was succeeded on the stool by Nana AfriyieKwame, his son; that is during the reign of Nana Bonsu Panyin - Asantehene,Nana Afriyie Kwame was succeeded on the stool by Nana Oiusu Sampa duringthe reign of Nana Osei Yaw Akoto. Nana Owusu Sanpa also went to theAkatamanso war. He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Abotremu dur'g thereign of this Asantehene. Nana Abotremn w-as succeeded on the stool by NanaOwusu Ansah Kwame. Nana Owusu Ansah Kwame was succeeded on thestoolby Nana Saabin, a prince of the Asanteheno.NoteNam = ready to execute dutyKutukum = cut off the head0e _man_ = the head will no doubt be br6ught to youKonkonti vas a very tall Executioner, probably the tallest Executionerwho has over lived in Ashanbi-.

- 4He was succeeded on the stool by 1:lana Kwa:.u Boateng, a son of Nana Agyemn.1"o -;as. on the stool up to the reign of -Nano Prmph 1. He went to, Seyrhelles -;rith KinLj Prempeh I. He died in Seychelles.t is sai, that dur...ng the tiie of 0?ana kai u Boateng tne Fetish Dwemo was aboutto be t,;c-en away by the Doriaaaahcno, so thie Atipinhene was direotqa by theXing to stay at Takyanmantia and to serve as a watch dog of the King. It issaid.that Nana K-.;a Boatong hept guerd at this place aiC. consequentupon thisfact the Doraa31mne -s uniable to take away. the Fetish Dwe no. It .asat a laterdate that the K .in : as taken away to Seychelles.He was succeeded on the stool byt' -.na 1x a :Da>. ua of iaipong by appointmentof the British 'overnimnt, although ho was a grandson of the Golden Stool. Hespent about 32 years on the stool. He saw active service durin the 1 900

campaign. The iing reouried from Seychelles Island to meet hirq onthe stool. Hewas not destooled but with the :permission of the King abdicated from tha stooland succeeded his late uncle, 'Taa Osei Bonsu, Omarhene of Ash'-nti :'.iamong, in1930. He vs destooled by the Kampong people after five years's reign.As a depose6i chief he resided in Kur-asi., He Loa at the age ofabout 90 on Thursday, 30th Earcd, - 961. 'LI G ;as a groat historian and a personof propc;rty qualification.He was succeeder- by Oheneba Boakye Yaw, a son of King Prempeh I. He wasenstoole2 by his fathar himself afteri Lis repatriation from Seychelles. He died onthe stool, havir spent about 25 years as Atipirnhono. ;He - as sucdeeded on the stool by Ohuneba Bouahye Dankwa, the presentAkyeppimheno. He spent about five years on the stool but was elevated by thepresunt Lszatehene, Nana Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II, to hispresentpositibn:,_ as Akyo..pimhene. Ohencba 3oak:o Danjck-a A.enpimhene, is also apriice of the Golden Stool. He Js the son of King Prempeh'T of blessedmemory.Ohenelba Boa1We Dankva was succeeded by Oheneba Osei Bafuor.Hewas a grandson of ,:Je -Qlden Stool but oiacc. tradition 'has it that the stool isnormally occupied by the sons of A, -antchonc he ';as entrusted to use the title ofOheneba. He spent over ton years on the stool','but 't was a veryold maxn duringhis time of Office. LWo abdicated ao a result (7 . iS Stnot, 1of old ago and incapacitation. As custom drnis his stool 'asn been blackened orsmoked because he did not dic as a hero, or to be more exact, he didnot die on thestool.He wa," succeeded on the. stool bythe present _Lti-ihene, Nana 0soi

-5.Kwame, a grandson of the Golden Stool. He was enstooled on 1 8th January,1960. 11o took his Oath of Allegiance to the prcsent Asantehene, Nana OseiTutu Lo±man Prumpch II, with the I!n.T ojonsuo sword.Note :a. The Atipin Stool is not an ancestral stool. b. The Asantehene has aright of prerogative over this stpol. Hecan appoint anyone he considers fit as Atipinhene, provided heis a son or a grandson of the Golden Stool.c. The following chiefs, though in the Ankobia clan, serve theAtipinhene direct:Apagyahene Apesamakahene nos, Asasohene EhwiaheneAbirahene Takyimatiahene, nowBrong Ahafc SankoreheneAdugyamahene Asuofia Adeemmmara PUaku soh ene Gyenehene .Akoro osohene1 and 2Paramount Chief ind. The military divison of the stool is Arnkobia

11 6 -d

lst Chief Nar_.a Owsu2n(1 Nanäa Ifriyrie Kw--,räe3rd Nana O-v-Pusu Saupa4th Na---m åb o tre nu5th Tkula Ovjusu Ansah Kvrame6th Nana Snäbin7th Nana Kwaiw Boatong8th Narn Dua of Hampong9th Oheneba Boakve YawI Oth Oheneba Boakeye Dankwa(present likyomplmhene) lith Ohuneba Osei BafuorI 2th -INkälå Osci Kwame(present ttipin-helle)

IAS aco. no. AS.1ONana Akwasi Bugyei III, Asamanhene Panyin Akampong, Abontendomhene ofAsaman Panyin Asare Bediako, Ankobiahene of AsamanRecorded by:J. Agyeman-DuahDate:9th December, 1962THE HISTORY OF LAKE BOSUIMIInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.March, 1963Classification.,Informants:

Lake Bosumtwi is about 29 miles south-east of Kumasi on theKokofu-Asamang Road. It is the spiritual centre of the looal..peopleand isassociated with many taboos.It is said that the lake was discovered by a certain hunter, in the person of Akora(old man) Bompe. It is said that during one of his hunting expeditions in that areahe shot at an antelope which made off and was later found in a large pool. Whiletrying to capture the, animal, old Bompe saw a larg6' shoal of fish ofextraordinary brightness and colour. He thereupon concluded that the antelopemust be a god because it had been responsible for his finding the rich collection ofluscious fish. The lake was thus named "Bosumtwi".,meaning "god-antelope".It is further said that old Bompe gave some of the fish to his dogto find out whether it was suitable for consumption. The animal devoured it withunaccustomed relish and without ill effects. It is said that the dog grew morelively and robust. Old Bompe then tried the fish himself and found it was beyondanything he had ever tasted. It is said he scooped out some of the fish and proudlybrought them to his master, Akora Gyima, who unhesitatingly declared themexcellent. The next time old Bompe went to the lake, he was shocked to meet twostrange hunters one from Kuntenase and the other from Manso. There arose a

squabble amongst the three who had discovered the lake. Theyinfor@& theirrespective Chiefs.As a result of this there arose a series of wars in which the Manso people, afterhaving vanquished Kuntenase, declared war on Axamang, The Manso army wasrouted and its Chief, Bosompem Ntow, was beheaded by the Asamangs.After these "Wars of the Fish" Nana Akora Gyima became theundisputed owner of the lake and in his bounty bestowed various fishing rightsalong the periphery of the lake to friendly neighbouring states. As a result 26villages grew up on the shores. Now, however, there are only 24.. One village wasso badly stricken with leprosy that the inhabitants decided on mass suicide.Notes on some Taboos of the Lake1. No boats are permitted on the lake. Only specially designed logsof the "Odwima" tree are to be used on it.2. Hooks and snares are forbidden.Cont' d./

-23. Crabs are not to be taken out of the lake. i. Brass pans, bottles, and anythingmade of steel are not allowedto touch the holy water.5. Women are forbidden to.go near the lake at certain periods.Infringement of any of these taboos involves elaborate and expensive rites, andtaxes are levied on the offender's village.The Asamanghene is the custodian of the lake for the Asantehene.

IAS ace. no. AS. 11Informants:Omanhene of Ejisu M.Y. Nkansah, Secretary, Traditional Councilof Ejisu.Recorded byr:Date:Subject:M.Y. N1ansah12t February, 1963HISTORY OF EJISU - ORIGINS AND HOW EJISU FIRST BECAME A 10EROF THE ASHANTI CONMEmACYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.AptIl, 1963Classification:

0 From time immemorial the, Ejisus have belonged to the royal Asonatiib'e. Tradition has it that it was an-e1bphant that brought the Asona tribe fromthe ground into the world at a place called Adaboye, which is commonly knownas Abuakva. The elephant emerged with a woman called .1466h Boade, whobegat Ofori Panin, Nyarko-Brei, and Dokiwah. Ofori Panin was theKing of theAsona tribe at Abuakwa. Asdh .ioade died'and '-aw succeeded by her daughter,

Dokuwah, as the Queen-Mother of the Asona tribe. Ofori Panin diedand. leftmany stool properties, which were contested amongst the Asona royals, vrith theresult that civil war broke out on a Wednesday. During this time the Asona tribewas independent and was n6t subservient to any one. As a result ofthis civil warthe various members of the Asona tribe scattered into various localities, namelyinto Buabinso, Kibi, Mpraeso, Ejisu ana Beposo. The senior men's Stool of theAsona was that of Buabinso. That of Kibi was the senior women's Stool of theAsonas. The Asona Queen-Mother, Dokuwah, -migrated from Abuakwa Adaboyeto a place called Kokobianter, and from thence toI Akim Abuakwa (Kibi).Nyarko-Brei also emigrated to Adanse Akrofuom, She begat Amponsah Ahenasa,and Gyawah. Gyawah also begat Ejisuhene Abuagye Agyei who contested for theStool of his uncle, Amponsah Ahenasa, after his death. Abuagye Agyei did notsucceed and therefore emigrated to Amansie Patabu where he died and was buriedin the Royal Mausoleum. The villages of Asona, Apinkra and Nuasowere a skedto watch the body,Asuna Gyima succeeded Abuagye Agyei and brought the Ejisus from Patabu totheir present settlement. On arrival they bought the land from theAkyiawkromhene, Nana Obui Asamoah, for 80 Preguans. A certainchief calledKwakyi Depoa was an Obrempong of note in the neighbourhood and harrassedthe surrounding villages. The Ejisus fought and beheaded him for the sake ofpeace.Asuna Gyima died and Duko Pim succeeded him.THE ASHANTI CONFEDERACYDuring this time the King of Denyira, called Ntim Gyakari, was the overlord of allthe Ashanti chiefs. This Denklirahene harrassed those subject states under hisrule, with the result that they resented his tyrannous rule, and ultimately formed apl~t for his overthrow. The celebrated Komfuo Anokye assured thesemalcontentsthat they could conquor Ntim Gyakari if they would all amalgamate and put up aunited front in battle against their overlord.

. Accordingly these several states became one compact b6dy and' the Ejisuhene,Duko Pimi, was made by Komfuor Anokye to tak6 his place among the "Mifa"chiefs in the right wing of the army. He had one thousandguns under him in the field. InZorder to ensure the success- of the' campaign, thecelebrated Komfuor Anokye requested the sacrifice of a"Nifa" chief in the right wing of thearmy. If such a chief would fall in battle, thatwould be a good token for the success of the campaign. The Ejisuhene, DukoPim, accordinigly sacrificed himself and fell bn the field of battle onone Stmdsy(Kwasiada). Hence that day was consecrated to the Ejisua Oath to perpetuate thememory of Ejisuhene Duko Pim at the battle of Feyiase..Before Ejisuhene Duko Pim sacrificed himself and went to the fi eldofbattle, hemade arrangements with the Kumasihene that he would never inflict capitalpunishment by execution on any member of the A0ona tribe after hisdeath. Thisarrangement was accordingly made-between the tWo Chiefs befQre'going toPeyiase. .

The following are also some of the Asona villagds:" Asotwe,-B~nire, T4no-Dumase, Abrakaso, Anyinasu, and Busore. These people were allliving in theirpresent settlements and were subordinate to the Ejisuhene emigrated from Patabu.

- 3THE AWMENE OF EJISU ATM MRRESPECTIVE ,CTrTIIESI. Nana Aboagye Agyei2. Nana Asona Gyima Tani3. Nana Duko Pim INana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana NanaOben Dotwa Asumin Kwabena Boabae Gyapong Boampong AkotengAdomako Panin Okyere Bafuor Owusu Ansah11. Nana Asumin Akui 12. Nana Kofi Abire Nuamoah 13. Nana KwabenaTiaahNanaNana NanaKwadwo Dakwa Kwame Wuo Kwasi Afranie Okese I17. Nana Kwasi Afranie II 18. Nana Yaa Asantewah INana Nana Nana NanaNana NanaNana Nana Nana NanaYaw Awuah Kwaku Derkyi Kwaku Duko Kwabena OwusuKwadwo Boateng Kwabena OwusuAsona Gyima II Kwasi Afranie III Diko Pim III Kwabena OwusuFought vth and beheaded Kwakyi DopaDied at Feyiase. Won the Oath ofKwasiada for EjisuAccompanied King Bonsu to the Fante7-ar and died. Accompanied King Bonsu to the Gyam WVar. Destooled.Accompanied King Adu-Bafuor to the Krepe War. Destooled Reigned at the timeof King Karikari. Destooled- Destooled- Fought and defeated Saviua,Mampong, Nsuta, Kokofu. He beheaded Sawua Achiampong for Asantehene. Heinstalled King Prempeh of Ashanti.He received Ntahera from Mampong&Apirede from Nsuta, and Ashanthheneconfirmed them f or his use.- Joined the army to fight the Nkoranzasbut was defeated by them.- Led the Ashanti army to fight theBritish but was defeated 1900.- Destooled- Destooled- Destooled

- Destooled (ruled 1919-1927)- Died on the throne (ruled 1928-4931)- Built the Catholic Primary School,1933. Installed for the 2nd time.(ruled 1932-1937)- Destooled (ruled 1937-1945)-. Died on the Stool (ruled 1946-56)- Destooled (ruled 1956-58)- 3rd time on the Stool. Has beenreigning from 1958.5.6.7.8.9.10.19.20. 21. 22. 23.21+.25. 26.27.28.8/%

Classi fication:Informants:;Nana Yaw Boateng, Dadiesoabahene Kwame Mensah, AbusuapaninRecorded by:J. Agyeman-Duah19th January, 1963Subject:D.AIESOABA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, Udiversity of Ghana, LegfnApril, 1963IALS acc. no.AS, 12

The Dadiesoabahene belongs to the Gyase Division of the Asantehene.He runs..third in command to the-Saamanhene who is more or less the nominalchief, .or figure head, of the Gyase Clean of thei;Kumasi Division.Traditionally,Saamanhene. is the Hea ,.c!n C hi.ef (Fokotiri) of the Gyase Clma. '.ut as custom,demands, tp..,:Sgamanh ene cannot act as such during the normal sitting of theKing. He is restricted from expressing his views whilst the state is in session. Asa result of the carping disposition of the Saamanhene the Gyasehene is attimes

known as Buabasa, and ip empowered by the King -to act. as suoh withoutrestraint.The Dadiesoabahene swears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuosword. He has right of access to call at the King's palace for parlance as theoccasion demands without seeking permission from the. Head clan Chief.Tradition has it that the Dadiesoaba Stool is known as "Antwi ne AbepgStool".The classificatory system (Lbusua) of the Dadiesoabahene is theEduana Clan. This is quite separate and apart from the Gyase Clan (Fokio) ofwhich hei is inheritor in the Kumasi Division or in. the Kin ' 1 yase (Fokuo).It is said that after the Denkyera War vwth Ntim Gyakari, theancestress of the present Dadiesoaba Stool, by name Ampoma: Tim,migratedfrom Denkyera..Stool to Kumasi with a miniature stool. The reigning King of theAshantis at that time was Nana Opoku Ware, Okatakyei.The ancestress no doubt gave birth to Nti Panin who was to become thefutureDadieepoabahene, or Nkuntum ne Nkentenhene. The ancestral.,..stool, it is saidpis now occupied by the Abaapanin or female royals atta _hed.to the.stool..The Dadiesuaba stool is said to have been created by ing Opoku. Ware6 It ishereditary, that is a stool of matrilineal descent. Although: created by the King, itis not one by appointment of the King himself., It is a popular stool: towhichcertain specific royals are entitlea, The electors of the stool have tomake theirown choice as.. regards the el ection of pandidates to the stool whenit becomesvacant, upon c.nsultation with the Obaapanin attached to the stool.It is said. that when: Nana Opoq.u Ware irn.ited the ancestress,relatives and retinue of the present Dadiesoaba stool from Denkyera, to a towncreate4 in Kumasi by his predecessor, King Osei Tutu, thege. ancestors of thepresent Dadiesoaba stool arrived at Kumasi holding stipks,, cudgels, knives :andother weapons. So the King thought it meet and proper to appoint a head for sucha mobilised gang or group. Thus was created the Dadiesoabahene,that is theChief of the Holders of.the Deadly Weapons. The Dadiesoabahene isat timesknown as Nkuntun ne Nkentenhene, which of course, is a synonym ofDadiesoabahene.

- 2It is also said that formerly the Dadiesoabahene was known as Kotiahene, thechief of the wayside. That is, on their arrival atKumsi! they were rrot made prominent citizens of the town, but were more-or less recognised as aliens, so they were made to stay at a placenow known asAkyiase, on the,'Kokofu road. Whilst resident there, theirhead of chief was known as Kotiahene. Kotia means roadside, so Kotiahenemeans chief of the resident of the roadside.it is said that Nana Ampoma Tim, the ancestress, begat Amunumaah andNyantsayiwaa (females) and one son, Nti Panin, who was the .future (and first)Dadiesoabahene.So on the creation of the Dadiesoaba Stool by King Opoku Ware.

the first chief was Nti Panin, a son of Jmpoma Tim from Denkyera. Itissaid thatNti Panin went to the Gyaman war during the reign of Nana.* Opoku are, whenthe Gyaman Chief. Kpfi.&Abo was 'da:ptured and defeated.He was succeeded on the stool by Nti"Kumah who, according to the sage, was nota true royal of the stool but (although of the'Eduana clan) was appointed from adifferent place to succeed Oti Panin, since. there was no ripe royal atthe time.Upon further investigation it is said that although Nti Kuma asnot an accredited royal of the stool, his stool was blackened or smoked. Buttradition has -it that once an ancestral stool is blackened, then, of course, thedescendants of that particular ancestor, although not an accredited, ro-yal,automatically become annexed- royals of that. partioxular stool, ,and. can contestfor the stool whenever.. it, becomes,:.vacant.,"-....:. *. '' :It is said that Worosa, King of Banda, started to seize and kill Asante ,traders. inhis territory, and consequently King Osei. Kwadwo declared, war' onhim. It wasthe Nkoranzahene, KofiBudii, who reported this matet.er to !the .lpantehene. It issaid that th-e war was one of hostilities. The Nkoranzahene, it is said, could notwitstand the:. bullet shots of Worosa, King of Banda. This unhappy inc dtwas.,:reported, to the ,Asantehene, who ordered reinforementsto. be- sent.- to thebattlefiela. The Asahtehene ordered that.Atobra.'.Kwesi, the. Dadiesoabahene,should go to assist the .tranzahene* The Nk oranzahener; it is said,. took to; hisheels and died. latep'-at NkoranzA - though:.not,. of course, onthe. battlefield.The Dadiesoabahene, AtobraAKvesi, it is said, fought mercilessly with 'theWorasa Chief at a place, called Boye. It. is said that one thousand people of the.Dadiesoabahene died on the spot. The Worosa Chief, it is said, was atlong lastbeheaded by the Dadiesoabahene, Atobra Kwesi, and his skull sentto theAsantehene.

- 3 -His head was imitated in gold and placed on the King's sword, which canbefound in the King's courtyard today, and is called Worosa-ti. The Worosa Chief, itis said, was a Chief of distinguished and noble appearance, with a broad face andflat head.Atroba Kwesi was succeeded on the stool by. Oti Awere from Dompoase. Thoughan Eduana. man, he was not a descendant of Nana Ampoma Tim, because therewas no ripe successor at this time, and it was thoughtmeet and proper to invite someone from the same clan or Abusua, but not,of.course, speciioally. from that particular area or town, to becomeDadiesoabahene. .This was during the reign of Nana Osei Kwame.Nana Oti Awere was succeeded on the stool by Nana Ako who also came fromDompoase. He was also of the Eduana clan, but from the ancestral house of NanaAmpoma Tim.NanaAko was succeeded by Nana Ani Kete during the reign -of NanaBonsuPanyin. He went to war in Fanti land.He was succeeded on the stool by-Nana Kubea. It is said that at

this time the only surviving female royal, who was the daughter of NanaNyantakyi, was sent to Afrandio at the instance of Nana Kubea, thereigningchief, in order to produce offspring for the stool, who would, of course, be therightful heirs. So this female royal, by name Ataa Muam, was made to marry theAframtwo Dikro.He was succeeded on the stool by one Kwame Duodu during the reignof NanaYaw Akoto; he was succeeded on the stool by one Osei of theEduana clan. from Sepe. Though of the Eduana clan he died not come from theancestral house of Nana Ampoma Tim, since there was still no riperoyal who wasof the Eduana clan Abusua and of the particular house of Nana Ampoma Tim.He was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Asumin whilst, Iing Prempeh was inexile.He was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Nti Takora during the Yaa Asantewaacampaign of 1900. Kofi Nti Takora, it is said, was not a descendantof NanaAmpoma Tim but was invited to occupy the stool since there was no ripe royal.He was of the Eduana clan.Kofi Nti was succeeded on the stool by Kwabena Sekyere from Buoho. He wasthe occupant of the stool during the administration of the then ChiefCommissioner of Ashanti, Major Fuller. He, it is said, built the present stoolhouse at his own discretion. Although he was no descendan of Nana AmpomaTim, he was of the Eduana clan and was invited to be

- 4Dadiesoabahene because there w as no: ripe royal for the st6o.He was succeeded on the stool by NaniPepraYaw. IHe, it is 6, had three hundredchildren.He was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Asumin during the reign of KingPrempeh I. He was on the stool when the King returned from Seychelles*He was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Nsiah, who was Dot a royal of the. stoolbut was made to occupy it. He was destooled and exiled for conspiringwith someof the Kumasi chidfs against the present reigning King, Nana Osei AgyemanPrempeh II. The ban on his exile was lifted about 13 years ago. Hewas residentat Banda.He was succeeded by Kwesi Edusei during this reigning King. Hewas a verypassionate Chief, quick to lose his temper. He died about six yearsago.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yaw Boateng, the presentDadiesoabahene, who, it is said, is a true descendant of Nana Ampoma Tim, theancestress of the Dadiesoaba stool.

- 5CHIEFS OF T E DADIESOABA STOOL1st chief * Nana Nti Panin2nd chief . Nana Nti Kumah3rd chief Nana Atroba KwesiI1th chief Nana Oti Awere51h chief Nana Ako

6th chief Nana Ani Kete7th chief Nana Kubea8th chief Nana Kwame Duodu9th chief Nana Osei10th chief Nana Kwame Asumin I11th chief Nana Kofi Nti Takora12th Chief Nana Kwabena Sekyere13th chief Nana Pepra Yaw11th chief Nana Kwame Asumin II15th chief Naia Kofi Nsiah (destoole)16th chief Nana Kwesi Edusei17th chief Nana Yaw Boateng (presentDadiesoabahene)

Classification:Informants:Nana Kwabena Boakye, Adwomfuohene Kofi Gua Anim, Elder Yaw Asum,ElderRecorded by:J. Agyeman-DuahDate:29th December, 1962STOOL HISTORY OF ASADTEHENEtS AYVO_0, (cHIEF GOLDSAITH)Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963SQub ot :IAS acc. no.AS.13

This chief holds a dual capacity in the Asantehene's Courtyard.He is the Adwomakvahene as well as the Adwomfuohene (Chief Goldsmith). Hebelongs to the Kyidom clan of the Kumasi Traditional Council. He has ablackstool or ancestral stool and swears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuosword. He is at liberty to call at the King's palace for consultation with theAsantehene as the occasion may demand.It is said that Nana Agyare, ancestor of this stool, was theAdwomakrahene and Adwomfuohene (Chief Goldsmith) of Denkyerahene, BoaAnponsem, and was resident at Denkyera in the old days. But it sohappened that when Nana Osei Tutu left Denkyera unceremoniously for Akwamuas a result of Abena Bensua's pregnancy, he eloped wiath two women, namelyKwankye, the Adwomfuohene-to-be of Asantehene, Nana Osei Tutu. It is saidthat these women were lovers of King OseiTutu whilst at Denkyera, but tradition has it that the King can marry two womenof the same pedigree from a particular house.

It is said that on one morning when Nana Agyare, the Adwomakwheneand Adwomfuohene, went to the house of his relatives, namely Kwankye Anemaand Baabo, and asked of them, they were nowhere to be found. He questioned acertain lad in the house about their whereabouts. Nana Agyare no doubt was toldby the lad that a certain royal from Kwamang, which was thepresent Kumasi, by name Barima Osei Tutu, had taken the w'omen away. SoNana Agyare ordered that they should be pursued. When the searchers arrived atthe bank of the Offin river, they were told by the residents there that a certainroyal of a distinguished noble appearance, by name Osei Tutu, had just crossedthe river with two beautiful women. The searchers were daunted by thisnews andgave up the pursuit. They returned home after a hazardous journey and reportedthe unhappy state of affairs to the Denkyerahene, Nana Boa Amposan, and NanaAgyare.Nana Agyare later obtained permission from the Dentkerahene, Nana BoaAmposen, to go and search for his two sisters. It is said that he leftDenkyera witha retinue of 1,500 people and got to a certain village called Apaase in the Atwima,Area. From Appase they c&lled at the present area of Kumasi whichwas formerlyknovm as Kwamang.At Kumasi they called on Nana Awere, the Asafuhene of Kumasi, nowknown asAkwamuhene of Kumasi. Chief Awere directed them to the house ofNanaAsantehene Osei Tutu, whrio was then the reigning monarch. It is said that at thistime Nana Osei Tutu had not yet been proclaimed the King of Ashanti.So on theirarrival at Kumasi, Nana Osei Tutu orderedthat they should reside at Aketegu, a village near the Kwame NkrumahUniversity. At Aketegu they were hemmed in, so they all left for a certain areaknown as Adumase. It is said that when they were coming from Denkyera NanaAgyare discovered that there was an area on the way where there were threeOdum trees. He felt that the area could be of great commercial value for them. Sothey all left for this new place,

- 2naming it Adumase, after the three Odum trees. But the area in question is atpresent''known as Adumase No.1, in that.'there have been other villages bearing.similar names.So after all Nana Agyare was able to meet Nana Osei Tutu in person,and asked him whether it was fitting tQ.elope Ath his two sisters withoutinforming him. However he accepted the fact that .\Tana Osei Tutu was now hisbrother-in-law. But Nana Osei Tutu, who was a strong man of actionand anexceptionally good administrator, replied that if he had called athis house to saygoodbye to him he would have had no chance Of taking his 'two .sisters along. Hefurther asked Nana Agyare to forget about the episode, w.hich he considered wasone of a trivial nature, and to stay -Ath him in Kumasi where he was about toestablish his ruling dynasty as the first I'santehene. Nana Agyareagreed to theKing's request and was given a place to stay with his retinue. Theplace.of.residence was Aburaase. So Nana Agyare was made-the Chief ofAburaase Adwomfuohene.

Aburaese is an area at Akyeremade in Kumasi. It is near Nana Akyempimhene' sStool house. - .So at long last Nana Agyare became an accredited brother-%n-paw ofAsantehene, King Osei Tutu, and was not allowed to return to', Denkyera.He.bacame a prominent citizen of Kumasi and the Adwomfuohene ofAsantbhene.Duties of Adwomfuohene :(a) Responsible for the decoration of the Golden Stool.(b) Responsible for making Stool regalia for the Asantehene, e.g.,Abosode, Abrafo Koomu, rings for'Asantehene, Asipim (stool ofAsantehene), and golden sandals.Apellation : Gua Apim

- 3CHIEFS OF-THE 1WIM0 STOOLI st chief 2nd chief 3rd chief 4th chief 5th chief 6th chief7th chief8th chief9th chiefNana Agyare Nana Kwasi Ansah Nana Bamfo Musuo Nana Gyamanen AwereNana Yaw Pipun Oheneba Boakye DankwaNana AsaomahNana DwebenNana Agyare- He was on the stoolduring the reign ofNana Bonsu Panyin- A son of Nana KwakuDuah I. It is said thatNana Agyeman King Kwaku Duah I, married Konadufrom this house and begatOheneba Boakye Dankwa.It is said that this Chiefwas on the stool duringthe reign of Nana KofiKarikari.A royal of the stool. Hedied during the Yaa Asantewa war in 1900. He waskilled by the British.He was enstooled in 1900.He saw active service in the Yaa Asantewa war in1900.- He was enstooled threeyears before the death ofKing Prempeh I. He is still the occupant ofthe stool.

IA acc. no. AS.14Opanin BosummoroAsantehene's Asomfuohenelfofi Konadu, Gyasehene of Asomfuo Stool ofi [:inta, Goldsmith M('yakuAmankwa, Goldsmith Lrabena Dvuonfuo, Goldsmith : abena Earfo, GoldsmithKofi Donkor, Goldsmith Osei Adv, Goldsmith X 1wesi Agyare, GoldsmithXwabena Agyare, GoldsmithRecorded by :J. Agyeman-Duah28th December, 1%2 ASC""FUC STOCL E1ISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, LegonApril, 1%3Classification :

The Asomfuohene is a senior goldsmith of the Asantehene; he isanother chief - in a limited sense - of the Goldsmith division of the Asantehene. -7e is more or less a subordinate chief of the Ad,omfuohene. The Asomfuo stool isa stool of patrilineal descent. it is also in the H yidom clan - although theAsomuohene has direct access to te Asantehene on matters of consultation, he is asubordinate chief of Adi.omfuohene.Ee swears to the Asantehnene on the Aheh!.rebaa sword. This is asw:iord of less significance thsan the .pomponsuo sword. :t is said that it !-asduring the reign of Plana Agyeman, alias Plana 7-,eku Dua I, thattihis stool wascreated.it is said that formerly there were three recognised chief goldsmithsresident in Ashanti, namely the Jenkyerahene's goldsmith, t!he Tekyimanhene'sgoldsmith, and the Ckyenhene's goldsmitth. These goldsmiths no doubt werecaptives of war or prisoners taken to ::umasi by conquest of 1,ar,and affiliated totl.,e As'2antis.it is said that prior to the reign of Hana Agyeman, alias PlanaIweku Duah I, no Asantelhene had created a stool for his own goldsmithat Z.umasi. Alth2ough there were goldsmiths of the Asanteene, e.w.,Adwomfuohene, they twere not of his own creation.It is said tLhnt the first Asomfuohene so created --as Nlana Tabiri, adescendantof Plana Gua Pim. Ntana Gua ?im, it is said, wvas a skilful goldsmith who, nodoubt, was related to t.e Adwomakwaahene and Adwomfuohene of :enkyerahene,Hana -3oap6peez:.*. and later-of King'Osci Tutu, the first Asantehene.The Asantetlene, Nana Agyeman, alias Plana K-.eku Duah I, it is said, created a,wite stool witli ate (cushion) and a horse tail for rlana Tabiri, as a symbol of hisposition as the first Asomfuollene. The Asantehene, Nana Agyeman, it is said,also appointed a stool carrier, by name Odo Efe. This chief ten took the oath ofallegiance to

Ctumfuo ilana Agyeman w.ith t:ie Ahwetwebaa sw.ord. As previouslr stated, thisis a sword of less significance than the f."pomponsuo s,,.Yord. Thi1s stooltherefore is traditionally one of patrilineal descent (iMama ,wa), not a royal stool.it is said that the first Asomfuohene so created -,'as rlana Tabiri.This man, it is said, ras the son of lana Agyare, -iho w,,as the Adwomakwaaheneand Adwomfuohene of Denkyerahene, Ilana 3oa Aponsem, and had come to,.umasi in search of his two daughters, :'.,ankye Anema an, Beabo, who had beentaken away by Xing :sei Tutu. These --yomen no doubt 7,ere to becomethe futureives of -.ing rsei Tutu at 'umasi. But consequent upon this fact, [lana Agyare, thenan immigrant, it is said, married a -:umasi woman, or more specifically a womanwirithin the area of :umasi. Tradition has it tat there !!ere some people resident in:.umasi who were known, like

-2-Londoners, as "Numasefoo". As a result of this marriage tOey had a son w,.o wasTabiri, the future Asomfuohene of r!ana Asante:'ene, ring :,eku uah I. So Tabiribecame the first Asomfuohene of Asanteene. The village of Tabiri is known asCkyere ::urom, and is about 9 milesfrom umasi.It is said that during his youth Tabiri proved himself to be avery skilful goldsmith. So -rhaen he became of age the ",ing t:%ugh tit meet andproper to create a stool for him. So te stool i,Tas created for Tabiriin the paternalline; it is recognised as a stool of patrilineal descent and not one ofmatrilinealdescent. It is a stool which is a,arded to t'le best goldsmith on te paternal side.Before any one is appointed to the sto.'1, he must prove himself to be a skilfulgoldsmith.So !ana Tabiri was succeeded on the stool by his brother, I lana Amponsah. Eewas a brot.er in the paternal sense. Tt is said that Hann Amponsah was aliveduring the reign of :ing :weku "ua"A III, alias [lana Prempeh I. He was succeededon the stool by Nana Akwpiasi rlyarko, a paternal brother of Mana Amponsah,before :-ing PrempehI's exile to Seychelles Island. This chief diedbefore t!,eking's repatriation from Seychelles.He was succeeded on the stool by 1Iana £sei Adu, a grandson of the stool, whilstthe king was in exile.!an Csei Adu was succeeded on the stool by :T'rame Amponsah II, ason of the stool, whilst the king ,wias still in exile. lle was succeeded on the stoolby I~wame Amponsah III, a rra.ndson of the stool, during th1is reigning king,ilana Agyeman Prempeh II.Se ,as succeeded on the stool by Cpanin 3osummoro in 1943. He is type presentchiief of te stool and took t:e oat!, of allegiance wnith the Ahwehwebaa sv.,ord, toth:e present Asantehene in 1943. Se is about 7C years old and a man ofopulence.

-3-CEI EFS CF ' T'-' A507 FUC STCOL

ist chief tjana Tabiri2nd chief [lana Aniponsak3rd C'ief Pana PAkm~si flyerko4Ch chief Mana CVsei Adu5th chief riana Zijame Amponsah II6t111 chief D-ana Kwame Amnonsa:i III7C~ chief tjana Opanin Bosurnmoro

Classification:Informant Recolded byIAS acc. no. AS.15Hana Poku Iiensah II, Gyasehene J. Agyeman-Duah 2nd November, 1%2GYASE STOCL ZISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, LegonApril. 1%3

Gyasehene : Gvase Stool : Position of Gyasehene :Cne responsible for the upkeep of the offi-e of t:e :fing's Household.The Gyase Stool was created by [lana Opoku 7:are, who is traditionally known asCkatakyei.,e is supposed to be the most Gyase Division of Asantehene.recognised :cead Clan Chief.7unctions at theMing's Palacesenior chief of the ::e is apparently theThe first duty of the Gyasehene is to wake the Asallte-ene early frcmbed. :e seesto it that the Asantehene takes his bath at the proper time. Ne Sives money to buyfood to the household servants. So far as traditionis concerned the Gyasehene is the only person who knows the financial positionof the .-ing. Ee is more or less the Financial Secretary, or Chancellor of theExchequer of the Zing.Although the Asantehene has a Sanahene who is the traditionalTreasurer of the king, he takes his instructions from the Gyasehene so far as t2eactivities of the household are concerned. All those concerned --Tith the ing'shousehold come under the category of theGyasehene. The following chiefs and linguists of the -:umasi Traditional Councilalso come under th.e Gyasehene:-:.yeame Hantwi .yeame Ya-i Barima:cyeame 7a- :ensah Jachihene, who has been elevated to a Paramount Cief by thepresent Ghana Government : AbedomaheneThe Gyase stool is one of patrilineal descent, "ima Dwa. The king cannot use hisprerogative in the appointmer-t of a candidate for this stool. :t is no hereditaryroyal stool. The stool belongs to thedescendants of Fiana Poku Frefre, and is so confirmed by the Asante'hene.

The first chief 'Yas Adusei Atwenewa. ::e is supposed to be the chnieffor whomthe stool was created by :ing Cpoku "Jare. -:e was succeeded by Opoku Frefre,who was enstooled during the reign of Piana Opoku "jare. Buabasa was a titleconferred on Cpoku Frefre by t:2e king. Buabasa means the breaker of hands orshoulders of war captives. He died on the stool.

-2-He was succeeded on the stool by Plana Kwaku Boahene, a brother ofCpoku Frefre. Fe went to no ,-,!ar. !e died on the stool and was succeeded by AduBofuo during the reign of HIana ::arikari. '"e ,,as the son of C'poku Frefre. E ew,,ent to war in Togoland (the wera war which lasted for three years). .,e died onthe stool. 1-1e ,as succeeded by his son H''ofi Poku, who was enstooled during thereign of t"h.e same King, ;ofi Xarikari. _He died on the stool. He was succeededon the stool by ?oku iKensah, a son of Adu Bofuo. He went to the Yaa AsantewaJar. He was on the stool before 'ing Preipe- I was taken to SeychellesIsland by the3ritish imperialists. He died on the stool. H-e died -lien te Yac. Asantewa?,Tarwas in progress. Ire died a natural death at Humasi. i-:e was succeeded on thestool by E.anwere Cpoku, who spent about four months on the stool. lie waskilled during the Yaa Asantewa campaign in 19CO. He w,,Yas shot by the 3ritishat Jachie.He was succeeded on the stool by 7frame Tua., whzo ,,as not in anywayconnected with the stool, but was appointed by the 3ritish Government after theYaa Asantewa campaign in 1900. He was later destooled for mal-administration. -He was succeeded on the stool by Asubonteng, a son of Adu Bofuo. :afl w!Brr±ivb Prr .,". T Elo "-,:"es. e F.t,,o i,'r. He was also destooled for a charge of desecration of the Golden Stool..He was deported or exiled after the case had been tried by Asanteman.He was succeeded on the stool by rana ,'ojo Poku. He -1,as alsodestooled for mal-administration during "r. 0. S. Agyeman's conspiracy againstthe present Asantehene. He conspired against the present Asantehene. He wasenstooled during the office of this same king and destooled by him.He ,.as succeeded on thestool by Iofi Poku, a son of Adu Bofuo.F e was alsodestooled, after spending about four years on the stool. He was destooled forselling stool property.He ,,as succeeded by Adu Hantwi, a son of the stool. .i;e was also destooled bythe present Asantehene for mal-administration. !7-e was succeeded on the stool byAkwasi Adu Bofuo, a son of the stool. !e was destooled by this presentAsantehene for a.- act of conspiracy. 'e was succeeded on the stool by the presentc',ief Poku Eensa!, II, a descendant of Adu Bofuo. "-He has reigned for almostfive years on the stool.

-3-CNHF'S OF MEE I U.ASI YASE 23TOOL1st cief Adusei Atwenewa

2nd chief Opoku Frefre3rd chief : .waku 3oahc n4th chief Adu Bofuo5th chief : ofi Poku I6th chief Poku "ensah I7th chief : E.anwere Opoku 8th chief : wame Tuahi (destooled)9th chief Asubonteng (deported)10th chief : ojo Poku (destooled)l1th chief : ofi Poku II (destooled)12th ciief Adu rHantwi (destooled)13th chief Ak!,,Yesi Adu Bofuo (destooled)14th chief Poku riensah II (present ciief)The Gyasehene is by custom prohibited from using the title of qIana.Theappropriate title for the Gyasehene is Cpanin.

Classification InformantsRecorded byDate:IAS acc. no. AS.16Boateng Sarpong, Prince (62 years)Kwasi Kramo (a Muilim) Fanp Osei Tutu, Sanahene of Juaben (60 years) lianaJuaben Serw ah Il J. Sgyeman-Dikn129th Januatry, 1963JUABr PIOUUd-L-MMT STOOL HISTORYInstitute of 1frican Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963

Juaben is about 19 miles from lIumasi. It is one of the five principal towns of theAshanti nation (Ashanti Amantuo I-lum).Nana Juabenhene, it is said, came from Asumegya As-ntemanso.The ancestress of this Stool is called Aberewa Ampim. It i-as hmecu Axpim whocame --ith he- retinue from Z-sumey- Asnntemanso. [:t this timne ilis said thatthere s no stool -whatsoever attoched to the Juaben state.Thilst coming she settled c-t Otikurom Juaben M;ma (SallJuaben). She stryed a.t Ju'ben :Tmv' for about four or five years. S*-e had somany children that one of them oigrated. He was called !ketewa aerz a(male). Hevies more or less the h::-.dmsn of the grout-. It is said that 1".ete . - rl v.s ahunter. He discovered the present arec.He met a certain man in Juaben arc-r, by name ?Buama iKokoo Se Bota,residentat Juaben 'ith his family. He was also a hunter. So -hel Aketewa 1Jam met thisman at Juaben he asked him : 111Tt is your.cl? He. told Aketeva ijam that he wasof the Oyoke' Clan. Akete-;a am replied that he also was of the 0yokoClan, andhad come to pay iaE a visit. Buama Kokoo welcomed him and said. that theywere all brothe.rs. So Aketer,%a Nam went back and informed his mother and

relatives that he had met his uncle. Aketewa r-am did not come back again, butdicd a;. Oti Kurom. He was succeeded by Awere Tumfuo (a blacksmith), hisbrother. Awere T~mfuo no doubt cume right down to the present arer. of Juabenand settled writh his'uncle at Juaben.Awere Tumfuo died and was succeeded by Dankwa Afere Apo (a hunter). He wasalso his brother. Dankwa Afere Ape was succeeded by Eto Frimong,his brother.It is said that all the ancestors or predecessors were hunters because there was noStool attached to the state.Etc Frimpong w, s succeeded by Kofi Agyekum, a brother of Etc Frimpong. Hewas also a. hunter.Kofi Agyekum was succeeded by Impobin ifra, his brother, elso a hunter.He was succeeded by his brother, Adaakviah Yiadom (a hunter). Itis said thatJuaben achieved a. stool through the instrumentality of Adapalwah Yiadom.It is said that it was during the succession of Adaakwah Yiadom that isanzehieneNana Osei Tutu invited him to his court. Ntim Gyakari, the Denkyerahene, hadsent messengers to Nana Osei Tutu to collect tribute from the people of Ashanti.It is spid that at this time the Denkyerahene ruled all the five aristocracies, hamelyJuaben, Nsuta, Mampong, Kumasi and Bekwai.

-2-Juaben i-;w s responsible frr the fire-ood of Denkyer teie, 7jsuta-iws responsible -or ti red cly, 1 ampong for the fibres, 7e1si forthe carrying of"rter, and the Asantehene hrd to send one of Mis v:ivos annually to theDenkyerahene to nurse his princes -rid princess's. The messenger of IrtimGypkari, Aisia, was sent to collect these various tributes from t-'-efive tovfns.(It is sir' tht the A sanrtehene Obiri Yeboeh was an uncle of i: r Osei Tutu, - io u: ssent to Denkyerr for trainin.. It is said that whilst -t Den1Vrer- f'sei Tutu becomethe lover of a certain womb'n, bna.e ;:ku,.-, 2binr_ Tensua, a sisterof i'n.Doaponsem, the Denkyer .hene. This ivomrn brouejht forth a child,-..ho v.ws:_,tiin ,-yakari. So 'tim Gyaka-ri becoze the, Denkyerahene, and it wfvs he ,hosent mess-.ngers to his fother, Osei Tutu, to collect tribute.)Asantehene therefore asked Juabenhene ikdaavleah Yiadom whether he thought itv:a s Lood or nice for the father to serve the son in this way (Agya okosom 'gba).The Juabenhene replied that this stateof affairs was wrong, and that it ould be meet and proper to wage war against theDenk1erahene.So war ensued. It is said that it was the Juabenhene whokilled I'Ttim Gyakpri on the battlefield. It is said that the Commarnlerin-Chief ofthis wEr was Nana Boahene Anantuo, the Mamponghene. But Ntim Gyakari wascaptured by Lana Adeakv,a Yiadom. He was sent to Kumasi, where he wasbeheaded. His head was taken by the Asantehene, his legs by the L amponghene,and his fingers by the Juabenhene. His %fingers (kwadumasa) can be found todayon the Juabenhene's umbrella.The beard was taken to the Bek-ihene, Ogu Ame Yaw. After this war NanaAdaaakwah Yiadom died.

Tt is said that after his death his Stool was smoked or blackened by his brother,Osei Hwidie, during the reign of Nana Opoku Ware, Asentehene. Y'!anaAdaakweth Yiadom wns succeeded by his brother Osei Hwidie (their mother wascalled Asantcwij Kukoe).During the reign of !,Tana Osei Hwidie it -ws discovered that therewas a certainchief at Abuaso, known as 'tiamoah Amankuo. So Nana Osei HwidieaskedBunmr Kokoo Se Bota where this chief could be found. Bupma Kokoo showedhim the way to .buaso. Ntiamoah Amankuo was the 1bua-sohene, and was moreor less the real ormer of Juaben lands. The Juabenhene, ITPna Osei, fought withthe Chief of Abuaso. He captured him and took all his property and thelands inquestion. The Abuasohene w-s later decapitated by Nana Osei. ill his towns,drums, villages, etc., were taken by the Juabenhene.

-3-At a later date Nana Juabenhene questioned Boama Kokoo &oBota about whether there were any other people or Lhiefs who shered a commonboundary with him. Boama Kokoo told him that tnere i;, son3 chief, by nciae Ofinam, the N-kuokromh-ene. UTe Wps thereforecaptured by Jurbenhene Nana Osei Hwiidie, who took his lands, etc.He wes beheaded.Nana Osei Hwidie fought with enother chief who sharedbounda.ry with him, by name Adu.,nhene WFareye Akora. He was more orlessParpmount Chief. He was captured and beheaded by Y7,n. Osei.xldie. (Adumanhene wv s the ancestor of 1vsutahene.)Nana Osei Hwidie fought again vith Nsuosohene B3rrebemo. 7:ecaptured him and beheaded him.He F.lso fought with Kyekewerehene 2imare, captured andbeheaded him, and took his lands.Tnr Osei Hwidie fought with Bomfahene Mmonh Diawuo, defe,-ted him andcaptured him.He fought again with ibetenvmhene Ousu Biremprong, defe-.tedhim, captured him, nnd took all his lands.Nana Osei Hwidie was succeeded by his nephev, Kofi Akr se,during the reign of Nano Osei K',wmo Panyin. Nana Kofi !Ja'aase wvs grantedpermission by Ascntehene, Erne Osei Kviame Panyin, to fightwith Basahene Kwabena Sabere at Bc sa (irachihene). The Basahene was'defeated Pnd sent to juaben land, carrying the truthful stone, Nnokware Buo. Thecause of the war was some valuEble gold trinkets inthe possession of the Basahene, which were coveted by the 4ishantis.There is a certFin Fetish, by name Denteh, now at Juaben, whichwas captured from Krachi as a result of this war. It is said thc.tthis Fetish predicted thet the Krachi Chief could not fight with thepowerful Chief Akraase. lfter the war the Fetish announced that hehad seen that Juabenhene was P powerful Chief; whenever he wentto

war he would follow him. It is said there is a horn attached to the Stool which wascaptured by A!kraase. It is blown when Juabenhene is'taking the field for war. (Sound: Okrakye Dente Awnse a Okrak1e Dente;.wa Sie.) It is said that only Nanr Juabenhene is in possession ofthis horn, and no other chief in Ashanti.Nana Akraase was succeeded on the Stool by Yana AkuamoahPanyin, his brother, during the reign of Bonsu Penyin. He was destooled for beingobstinate - he 'ould not take the advice of theStool lders.

He wps succeeded by N'nE Fctu , his brother. l1cnr Fetu&, it is said, :7sdestooled -or sttlin the Stool prop-rty of i&-A kkr :se,. He sold thes,. propertiesP.t Duase, Detebi, Praso, c:nJ Krof r, for maritcl Li-ts, durii.: tie 1'eign of !i" n.Osei 3onsu - A in.It is s id thet Okoro A-_nokye ,as elive durin the reign of V_:cna Bonsu Penyin.Qne dy ..:hen Okof.2o , nokye w s passint, through Jueben on his ul,y to iffiduaseduring the reign of hana Fetua, he c.lled r meet-ing of all the FetishPriests endPriestesses ct Juben. JIe ordered that t Priestess, by n e yamiah Teno, should bjthe 1e d Priest, -'nd gave her his blessi ..... The woman iimedietr.lv; fell into "trance j:id ren up to the Jubenhene's prlace. The Priestess, it is said, predicted tW tshe1 7ms goin.; to her villD;ge, but by the til. swreturned the Jurbenhene wouldhc:ve been destooled. She ordered thet "a tree be planted to expressherprediction. The tree v cs plartedand Fetus wes no doubt destooled, Ps she had predicted.Fetup was succeeded oh the Stool Pgain by ITana Ahuamoph Prnyin,who had been destooled during the reign of this seme iane' onsu Pcnyin. He washailed by the OmRn and was enstooled once agpin. Yana Akumo-'h P rnyin, it issaid, ordered a Stool Horn to be made for himself, which should sound, KotokoDabi Wo bekai He - Asha.nti Pakupan (you have rejected me end celled me backngain; you -,ill remember me). He died on the Stool.He was succeeded on the Stool by Yrona Sarpong Osei, - royal of theStool,during the reign of'this spme KinC', Nana Osei Bonsu P:nyin.He was succeeded by Nanc Kobiri Ameyaw, a royal of the Stool, during the reignof ITana Bonsu P nyin. It is said that 1'Thnr Bonsu Panyin reigned for r very longtime.He was succeeded by Nvna Twiimase Ankara, a royal of the Stool, during thereign of this s~rei chief -nn Bonsu P-nyin, Lsrntehene.He was succeeded by 'iana K,%si Boatin, a royal of the Stol, a son of iana JuabenSerwah, tho Queen Lother of Juaben.?ana Kwasi Boatin went to war wiith Nxn&E 3onsu Panyin at C-y5:man,wherethe Gyaman Chief, Adinkrr, wii s killed.- He also went to the Akantamanso war with -, an- Osei Akoto,Asantehene. It is said that during this war the jisantehene took to his heels withhis army and left the Golden Stool of Ashanti on the battlefield. The Juabenhene,

Nana Juaben Bog-tin, it is said, brought back the stool to Kumasi when hereturned with the Kuntenasehene,S

-5-Nana Antwi. He returned the stool imneditely to the s'_stehene.)r It is s.id that ,-Ahen the As .nteh .'ne .lcd from battle ith the Kumasi people,they left other valuable trinkets behind, as well as the Golden Stool, and theAsentehene's wife, by name .kApugoaa. It is said that she i.as killed at Dodowa.T Ihen Nanp. Bo, tin and F;vna -ntwi returned the Golden Stool toAs.ntehehe Osei Yew Akoto at iun si, they were questioned by the Ku.iJ peopleand Chiefs, including the Aspntehene himself, about thewhereabouts of these gold ornaments. These here vlued at aboutone thousandpounds and, it was said, had not bee--, returned by the Ju.-benhene.t The Juabenhene replied that these ornaments had been left rtthe place where the Asantehene had taken to his heels, abandoni-.j the GoldenStool end his wife. The ;_santehene, he said, could hive. returnedto the battlefieldPnd fetched the Golden Stool himself.<Y.nq Boatin's reply naturnlly infuriated the Asantehene and his7lders, since itwas more or less an insinuation against the occupant of the GoldenStool.Jupbenhene -,w.s asked to retrect w.That he had said, but he refused to withdrr,-his stetement, arguin, that th.e ornpments were not in his possession. SoJucbenhene told his mother, Fena Juaben Serviah, whilst before theKing, thetthey would h-ve to return to Juaben. It is said that the Bontamahene .1preko gotup fror.. his sect whilst the King was sitting in strte, and said he would challengethe Juabenhene for making such statements.So war ensued at Juaben. The Juaben people could not withstand the Kumasipeople, so they migrated from the present 3rel of Juaben to Kibi, where they meti':ana Amorko Att'" Panyin and iT-nr Dokuaah Okyenhemaa. It is said that at thistime I,:ana Lo:tii± Juabenhene and Nana Juaben Serxvrah .;ero the reigning chiefand :,ueen mother respectively of Juaben. They spent about ten years at Kibi.Y-When Nana Osei Yaw Akoto, Asantehene, died, he was succeeded by NanaFredua Agyeman - Nana Kwaku Dulah I. It is said that 175ne FreduaAgyemanwas the least pugnacious of all the Asantehenes and ordered that Nana Boatin,Juaben Serwah, and their retinue should return to Juaben from their migration. liesent messengers after them to Kibi. However, Nana Bo;, tin stated that asa resultof his m.gration to Kibi he had incurred a. debt of one thousand pounds. So themessenger returned to Kumasi and informed the King of this. The ,ngat - laterdate sent messengers with e sword and an amount of

-6-two thousand pounds to Juabenlenn. 'The sword indicAted thr-t he wr-s r peacefulKing -nd did not like w!.r, in thn.t he hnd beer nurturBd at Jurbenhene's p-lce r tJu'ben during his stl-d d-J's , and .-.-s not goi53 to follow in t'!e footst-.ps c-? his

predecessor. It is said th n ...niml, by nnmo ti..,:, -.',s depicted 0;:t s,..1-rd sent tothe Chief of Junben, ',-hich synbolised that hiL wrs pullin, him b.!ck to his lrds. )k-It is said also that when As..ntehone ordered Juab - ..ne to return to Kumasi, theuabe-heno stated t1--t unless the head of' Bantamahene Apreko wv s sent to hii i,he would not come back. So the Bantaahene, it is said, was killed andthe headsent to Juabenhend before e would nrake the necess, ry preprations to returnhome,.The necessary debts were paid by the Ki6g, but whilst preparin& for the journey,Juabenhene's younger brother; Boatey Kumah. by name, a son ofNana JuabenSerwah, refused to return home to Kiumasi with his senior brother and mother.For about four days this younger brother refused to go with them..So Yrna Boetin, Juabenhene, decided to comzit suicide, becausehis youngerbrother refused to return home with him. He said thpt Asantehene FreduaAgyeman had done him a great honour by inviting him to return to Kumnasip buthis younger brother would not go. So 7ena Boatin committed suicideand wasburied; t 8amang, at Akim Abuakwa.Fens Jueben Serwah stayed at Kibi and would not come back to Juaben. It i8 saidthat when his senior brother died, thce younger brother, Boaten Kumah,succeeded to the Stool. The Stool ond all the Stool regalia wer'e taken array bythe Jumben people to Kibi. It is said that the.younger brother Plsd died on the vy,at Obo, where the Queen Mother succeeded to the. Stool herself, since there westhen no male royal.,It is said that during the migration of the Jueben people to Kibi some ofthe royalshad remined at Kumasi. When Y-.Ina Juaben Serwah ws leaving Obo for Kumasi,she urged the Juaben people ,t Obo to swear to her that when they gotto Kumasithey would not let the Stool pass to those royals who had taken the side oftheKumrasi people. So at this place the Juabenhene's linquist, by name .Isare,pronounced judgement that those royals at Kiumasi would never be allowed toinherit the throne of Juaben.7' So Nana Juaben Serwah arrived at Juaben. Nane Fredu,- Agyeman gave her acertain gold ornament, by name Kanta (regalia, bracelet, dhain or necklace),elevating her to the position of a Female Par amount .Chief. Nana Serwah spenteight years on the Stool after

-7-lerving Obo.She wos succeedej by her daughter, Afrrkuni.h Panyin, durin, thereign of ~n LofiK.rikzi. S. a riod c certein man, by name I.safo Adjei, , son of Turben -o,-.-inPenyin, The woman reigned as o Paramount Chief.It is said th.t during the reign of Nrna Kofi Karikari, the Gyasehene Adu .iofuo ofKuzr si , s -ppointed by the King to 6o to the Togoland ('.-em) v;cr athrepi. TheKing ordered the Juabenhene to go to this ;- 'r but the JuabenhonePppointed -e.naSarkodie, Abesinhene (Osrthene), to go in her stecd. The Ashantiswerevictorious. i'>na J'frakumah P~yiiu, it is s id, spent almost 12 yearson the Stool.She was succeeded on the Stool by Nana Akua Sapoma. She

was married to Nna Asafo Adjei, o prince of Juaben. They gave birth toNrnaAkosu Afrakuma and Nana Aku-' Boatema.Nene Akua Sapome wr-s succeeded on the Stool by Asafo Adjei, a prince and nota royal of the Stool. It is srid that at this time there wTPs no ripe royal. Soit -!asthought meet end proper by the Stool Elders that since he gave birth to the twofemale royels, namely Akosup Afrakuma Pnd Akua Boatem-, who were thenminors, he was Pn appropriate person to be Regent. He died on the Stool.It is said thpt his stool wps not smoked because he was not a royal ofthe Stool. Atthe same time he did not belong to the Oyoko Clan, but to the Fsona ClE'n.It isspid thet he was on the Stool during the reign of YIna 1: ensah Bonsu.le foughtegainst ran.¥ensah Bonsu. The Juabens were defeated by the Kumpnsi people.They left once again for Kibi. !safo 2Pdjei left with P large retinue. It is spid thathe was exiled by the British Government to L:.gos, where he died. Hewassucceeded on the Stool by Ncna Yaw Serpong, a son of Npnr Pfrakuma, duringthe reign of -Hana Iensah Bonsu.It is said that N!:na Lfrakuma accompanied him to Accra. The Juaben people,then resident in Accra, refused to return to their present area of Juaben. Theybought the present area of Koforidua in the name of Nlana Afrakuma and AmeaSerwah from Nana Amoako Atta Panyin, the Okyenhene. So the Juaben peoplestayed there and refused to move back to Juaben.Nana Yaw Sarpong was taken prisoner by the Kumasi peopleduring the invasion of Juaben by Nana I,ensah Bonsu, and was enstooledJuabenhene at a later date by Nana. i ensah Bonsu. Nana Yaw Sarpong died onthe Stool. He died whilst there was no Chief at Kumasi. The King was inSeychelles.

-8-He wros succeeded on the Stool by PV:na 'r t.ponsem, s sonOf IT'fn 'k, o;LO:ter"., 'ho follo,.-ed her :father to A-ccr. I nr 'srre .ponsem diedIt I-ur <s f -ter 40 dcyls' reign. He took the o.-th oP' ,llegionce to the Juabenpeople rt on. There was no chief at that tme ft Kumasi.He ;,rs succeedaCI on the Stool by Ju!ben Serebuo, c youner brother of Ls;,r,Apons. ...o. We s the son of I -na fkua _ioote . There 'zrs no Chief.He .,-s succeeded on the Stool by his nephew, Yavr 13ei, e lias Nena YawSprpong IT. -!e .,iss destooled for 1Ll-ad inistration. He v-s a sonof Akosua Kyem and a. grandson of kua Boatema.He was succeeded by ,an. Avwasi Abayie during the reign ofKing ,iana Agyemrn Prempeh '1o He was destooled for mal-c-dministration. Hespent about six years on the Stool. He was the brother of Yaw Sepe.Yaw Sepe, who is alive now, was re-enstooled during the reign of the presentKing. Hle spent 16 years on the Stool, and was agoin destooled for mal-administration. His first reign lasted for 3 years end 3 months.He was succeeded by Fnna Jusben Senrwah IT, woman Paramount Chief who is asister of Nana Ypvi Sepe. She took the oath of allegiance to the present Juabenpeople. She has spent almost

4 years on the Stool.i'Totes:JuabenIt is said that the name of Jurben was taken from the fruitof r certain tree which was rt Juvben prior to the migrationof the Juaben people. Pboma Korte named it as such.Juabenhene swears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo sword.Clan : Oyoko Clan

-9-CHIEFS OF 3rr,ýý, JU!-B'ý,, STOOL1 st cliief2-ýý d 3rC4th 5th 6th 7th 8th9th i oth Ilth 1 2th 13th 14th 15th I 6th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21stel, 1ý f chief chiof chief chief chie-' chief chief chief chief chief chief chief chiefchief chief chief chief chief chief22nd chief2nP Kofi ,ý-bra,--.,e ý,7T,-n,ýý Akup.noah Panyin (destooled),il- (des',ooled)P--,,iyi,i (re-enstooled-) JýT,?n- Sý-rporrý Osei l',- n ý7,Kobiri .,mey-v F-r-,,? T-ý-.7jEL-.se ýnkýý.r<Tlý11,ý-si Bo,ýýtin Ncn- Boaten Kumah K e j-.. r juaben Serviali I\Tane -i'f*rakumab- P,ýnyin Nan,- ikkua Sapoma I ',,l. n e. Asafo kdjei Nana. YcýwSarpone lý,'ana As,ý.re Aponsem Dlan.,- Juaben Serebuo l'anr- Y,,,w SarponG II(destooled) Nm<? ýkre,si Abayie (clestooled) I\Tan,- Ycw Sepe(re-enstooledP.ncl eý:?indestoolecl) Hann Juaben Serwah IT(present Juabenhene)

CJassification:informants:IAS ace. no. AS. 17Nana Kwadwo Adjei Panin II, Akwaboahene Barima Akwasi Nk to,Abontendomhene of AkwaboaRecorded by :Date :Sujct :J. Agyeman-Duah7th March, 1963AKWABOA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963

The Akwaboa Stool belongs-tp iý the Kronti Division of the King, TheAkwaboahéiie - äwe'r i to the,:, ýz. I saniÄene witýltýe kipoTponsuo sword. It issto61.6f patrilineal descent,, * 7 Aýwab ne o thA äeven7..ýhp oa en e is-o'Krontr'4unmen GNbreå ong) ,p --appointed by nin 0 ei Tutu (kýonti *Acuo. Nson) The Akwaboä Stool wa'4, preatecl -ýbyý R[ing Osiej4 TUt.9,".'the firstAåatt-tehen.,e. It is såic: that thiå'stoolyas ereated prior t6",the:'Dc)fýiåa'wal-,-'lhiåh tpok plaoe atA'besin and wýtich was wageJ agalpst. *:the »6rmidas by-.Yim-Ozei Tutu to counterbalance the war výhic'h took plac - e, ý dt an-. In, Kumasiwhere we have the priesepf -'estate 'btäldinigs. ; It is war'wasfoiight bebýeenLing Obiri, Yeboah the gand-uncle of King Osei. Tutu an d the Dormåhenö:,The AkwabQä hene.is at-liberty by qýisto' to 'ca11- aV-th e Ydng': a,,palaoe-without, passing through-tlie Bantåmahene althäugh: the:,Bant~ enen Chief o kr' n " ýýe tkéýKänéåis the Senior Ola' f the o'ti DivisionThe first Chief of the Ak7aboa Stool is said to hi;vé-båzgý ' Xapaý-.z:, BrefoApAtT- - , twho'ýwas on, the stool during the reign of King Osei Tutu,, It is said_that this Chief went,,to the DormaK W*ar'at Abéålm whet Dornåå-i-King wasbapturea ana;kiUed b" thl ýåhåiif:f'sa" ' Hké also kvent to I;L -erebäffiryirahene Ntj-ethe Denkyira k-ar which took ý10,0c at kh se» wii Gyakari was oaptured by theAshantis.,It is said that.this Chief was also on the Stoal during the reignof Nana Oýbku 77are, the Tt. is said'that ai this time NanaOpoku',Tkre 7ýas away-in-Akimý;, during thé. invasion of the Anhafiti-pedple.which'--led to the great battle' at Penimaset Durink ýiå 'ab-åénää'frömKumasi theterrible news of Abi.ýimoro, the På,ranxount Chiet of Sefti, reached him. It sohappened that whilst the läng was aVby at AUm, Abirimorohad invaded Kumasi..,ýt is said that he looted the tovin anddestroyea måny valuable things.,,Upo. hearing this terrl~ble..news the Kinj despatched AkyempiMeneand Bantam I ahene - whilst on thp battiäfieid t6 purtlié this:Äeådlychief. It issaidthat the Akyempimhene *sent in iurý-hisi YoýångärlSrotkeriHiahäno,.-OhepOýa Sarben., Buaso -Odikro, and Nkawiopar*Uhene Twum theNYaninahinhenev and Bantamahen.e alzo sent'Brefä 4äw.i. ~the,- ~jåboahene,,and7,Bar±-«-,.£iånohåne 'to ffit ägädhåt ýhim-purslie',',Abiri*moroalld fioAid:that the Ashanti arihy. later råttr.ýned-t-ö K~ål CÅCI 9-,ýreporteå i-to;* the nng that AbirimQxp in hi's Piýght- he-Lcl åtbpped'ati*'M>åå-.sa-s,*and opened fiiý - e öA the Aslýanti ä? I 'ap by the X-ing ta. jýwåflc h-Kana, Brefo Apan Akwaboahe'e"one of tho-se åpiýdýAtecl tb7'7pursua,;Abiritioro. wa-s,.:oucceeded on the'..Stoofby Nan a -(tréiähÄkénten',during.tjh»,:-;reign of this same King, Nana öpokuýVpTäre. s Akentenwas a brother of Brefo Apaiv.

2The-next war thA Opoku'Wåre.Pought was againot the---TakylmanheneAmeyaw'who, it it sgdj i7ýs cýpiureä. and defeate4 ' It 's såjä that Ameyaw weretaken as prisoneand the, Queen'"Möther of Takyim'täýi Gty'ääaräw-"' rs toKumasi. Gyamarawa-- the Aueeäý416ther of T,äkyiman., who ;onceboast*ed. ofher riches: ~aM. cle'äirådto,.kgp-vx what' povérty. mearitt .,was öbliged to sweepthe mai-ket,ý-placecAnclth.c most.jptýnking pgts.'of Xim.asi it r& .!58:ýa thatdyenin . Akdriten went t ýthl-Gyåman oh ef isHe also went to the Gyaman the .1said to have made for himself a golden stool and tohave boasted- that~ theGyaman-&ople were, as~ggod-as the Ashariýis. It is sa-i-d that Åbo KoPi vasdéfeated and beheaded.b A,h4ntils ii theý ,Tar. et äuid. -The,.y the 0 ,Akwaboahene, it :L-s sgLia * 'ýnt" * tke.Äshanti-,ärmki -ý-,Theý..war is said to have taken plaoe týe'reign of AsaAtehené NaiiaOpoku Tare' OkatakyediNtåa Gy~ , Alcenten -,-r a s s uc e e e j. p d on the -Stool v si Nktosame, KinCA _Nåna Opoku, Uarecluring the reign, of this '.hA..t.this Chief"-only-teignedforý a , åb , ort. Ä i m e. I béåause he siff fered; from a*.diseaseý Anyway he died on týe åtool:ý' "It, is said. he '*ås a,..'son Stool.Hé-I*la.,trsuce,ý,(ýded,.,on-,the.,Sto'l by.:.NariaA4jåi Pan iii, a- son..11.0f4Gn anaý1 of N . I - 0 éi wä å; the &Yéat flojänAknasi Nkotc - clutJýng ., the - re i kvKing who-,fought in-_th.q-..ýbroad 4ýäy ligýt,ý ~tt i-t Stool uptö,Ähe, time..-ofI.Tane- Qåci LVI the Alcakaäansu warHe was succeedecl on the Stool by Oppang Kviålböna.. å söä:'öf Stool,ý d*ringthe reign of Nana Agyeman. alias Nana-NaÄå'Oppong Kwabpnýý.was oupoeeded on the. - Sto61 by'Wirekd*'Våm;* aý';son of t413ý Stool i-n -t4 'reign o P tM s' same äng 14ånä':'A'gyeraati,'., Y-Maa AYir-eko.N-am it is 5,aidq i7assucceedO: on th*6,8t6o1, byý Muu- TV, inthe rei gn: öf thi s.,* pame., King.,_, Nýn . Agan ali . aå-KÅå J Duåh.l*-»'t.Hc ,ýaf:, 1 1.. ý kU ,was a grandson of the Stool. He was cl 6o]Ää fot an - aät against ithe King*-'.Aduu.,:,Tgi;.,it ls.,gaid. was.a notorious person. He was iåffiäl:OdlY-trhc-4ývaboaýahlefand*. riýýtý týé t"Atåma åorneý ållädge. It,'i' 'däldcthaV, no, lpythe.,, n~ ii of. ilå u gSås upieclA-h elBantama Stoolg as has been . statea by2thé prigient, ýän, Ba:Cuor.it,:. KivakuGYämý-TII; å Althpughtýe, 2,14p7aboa Stool opmes under the Kronti :e 4'- h é14 åd. ' o:r ý thlýs ".& vi- sjånDiviýiidn:'0f the King,# ;i!ýpdv the Benta s- Aduu Tji hå.s.-rbeýen'.-xproyercl,.upon keen,,,21'ý t b*'""'th.'é'-Alt.meibqachiýe-fý,",.and not the Bantama Chief,

- 3 -He was succeeded by Akwasi Afre, a grandson or" t 'Stbl',' in thereign of Nana Kofi Karikari. He went to the Juaben war during the reign of'Nana Kofi the.1apbe were defeated by the Kumasi people. He was on the stoolduring the reign of Nana MensahBonsu. He died on the Stool.He was succeeded on the Stool.by Nana..Yaw Kontow, a grandson ofthe Stool. It is said that he wa dn the Stool before King Prempeh was takentoSeychelles. He .#w 0.ctive service in the Yaa Asantawaa war of 1900.He wasdestooled, for mal-administr~tion.He was succeeded by Kwame Kana, a grandson of the Stool, whilstKing Prempeh I was in exile. It i-s -sqiI he reigned for only one year, and wasdestooled for mal-administration.Nana Kwame Kana was succeeded by Yaw Appiahene whilst Otumfuowas in Seychelles. He ruled -for -about 30 years. He was or the Stool at the timeof King Prempeh's-repatriation. He wad destooled as'a result of incapacity. ,....Hewas.,.gr..dson of the Stool.Nana Yaw Appiahene.wqs succee.4pc by Kwaku Baah during the reignof this present monarch, Sir, Osei agyeman PrempehII. He was 'destooled formal-axminit %.ati ,qa. - .He was succeede. -dbyi: the present.- chief, Nana Kwadwo .Adj,ei Panin II, aChief of property qualification and a man of opulenoe, He has been on the Stoolfor over 15.yea;.

I st 2nd ..-3rå4th 5t h 6th 71t-h 8th gth-1 Oth lith Uth 13thchiefNana Brefo Apaw (or Borufo Apalv)Gyenin Akenten Akwasi Nkoto-k4Mj ei 'Paninoppong Kwabena..,ýWirekä Nam.Aciuu Tu (destooled)Åkyapi AfrJU,t:YYaw Xontýo '(destooled) Kwam I e Käna (ciestooled:)Yaw Appiahene (dersto*léo,Kivak-d' Baah (destoolecl)Kkafto Agei PanjälICHIEFS OF THE AMUBOA &TOOL

IAS aoo. no. AS. 18Informants :Nana Akyereko Ababio, Ohwimhene, and Elders,Recorded bv :

J. Agyemen-DuahDate :13th October, t962Subject.:OHWIM STOOL HISTORYInstitute of Afrioan Studies, University pf Ghana, Legon.April, 1963.Classiftoation :

Nana Obiri Yeboah, the first chief of Ohwim, is said to have migratedfromAkwamu in Southern Ghana to a nearby village called Ayano Ase with hisbrother, Yeboah Afari, the first Dormahene, who stayed at Suntresu where wehave the present Kumasi Estate Houses.It is said that Nina Yeboah Afari, the elder brother ofNana Obiri Yeboah, contested for the Akwamu Stool at Akwamu Mie and afterhis failure to get the stoQl. left the place with his brother, Nana Obiri Yeboa.,.relatives and retinue for Kibi, or Chebi.A At thht time the ruling Chief of Kibi was Dokuaba Atta.'As a wanderihg .tribe they became hemmed in at Kibi so they left. thereforAdanse Akrokei. The then reigning Chief of Adanse Akrokeri was NanaKw.firam Mmoah.They did not like the climate or local condition of this place. So theyleft forD'enlWera, presumably for the area rouhd *about Abankessiemand called on thereigning King of Denkyera, Anin Kokobu.* They multiplied at Denkyera and left for their present areain Ashanti. From Denkyera they. called at a certain village called Sensu. The chiefof that village was caled Boa Amponsem.At Sensu Nana, Obiri Yeboah, the Ohwimhene to be and astrong man of action, fought mercilessly with Nana Boa Amponsem,the chief ofSensu, as a result of maltreatment meted to the wanderers. This war was foughtwith Nana Yeboah Afari and retinue against the Sensu Chief.After the decapitation of Nana Boa Amponsem they left for the pzesent BrongArea and arrived at a place called Abamprada Ase - Dormaa HwedaenearBomaah At this place, Nana biri Yeboah, the Ohwimhene .to be, left'his brotherYeboah Afari with his retinue to stay, and left f.. "Ashanti hiself.From Bomaah Nana Obir4 Yeboah halted at a place called Nsuta near Bechem.The chief of this village was called Kwadwo Aponyan. This chief, it is said,intercepted Nana Obiri Yeboah on the way. So after a combat with Nana. ObiriYeboah, Nana Aponyan was killed and his skull taken away,So from Nsuta they came to a place called Anin Nkuriu.At this place, it is said, a certain man called Okyei, the big headed giant, heard ofthe arrival of Nana Obiri Yeboah, the Ohwimhene to be.

". a

It is said that Okyei objected to Nana Obiri Yeboah' - entry into the Kumasi area.At that time, it is said, Okyei was staying at a place called Oti Kesse. SoOyei metObiri Yeboah near a place on a riverside called AnOma Kosa. The Ohwimhene to be, it is said, killed Okyeiand captured all the lands near Oti Kesse.It is said that at Oti Kesse Okyei, the big beaded* giant,shared land boundaries with the following chiefs, then occupyingthepresent Kumsi areab Nana Akxiu Dompa - Tafohene, Nana AkosaAmakomhene, and Nana Akurah - Ekassehene. The line of demarcationwas up to a place called Topre Duaase.From Anoma Kosa Nana Obir Yeboah's retinue came. to stay ata place called Qyema Akye, near the present Ashanti Akropong.From Ashanti AIropong the chief and retinue came to Ahu Dwo.At Ahu Dwo the subjects of the chief use -to ambush and rob passing travellers.It is said that the passing travellers were usullyinvited to a house and then their goods extorted from them; thus theplace was named Ahu Dwo. It was later niok-named by travellers as.: Ohwim.i'.Ohwim 'in Ashanti, means to'have by force. So the Area AhoDwo became known as Ohwim.However, news spread in the area that a much more superiorchief was resident in Kumasi. that is King Obiri Yeboah, the 'grand uncleof ing Osei Tutu, so the name of Ohwimhene Obiri Yebosh automatioallysank, The Ohwimhehe was then niokazu e Obiri Hwim.So Nana Obiri Hwim, no doubt the first Ohwimhene in theKumasi area, died a natural death at Ohwim, a village about 9 miles from Kumasi,This-chief was succeeded to the stool by his nephewNana Ntiamoah,It was during the reign of Nana Ntiamoah that news reachedhim that Nana Yeboah Afari, the brother of Nana Obiri Yeboah whohad stayed atAbanpera Daase during the migration of his junior brotherfrom Akwamu, had . come to: stay at a nearby place' called. Suntresu,just vear the seat ,of Kumals. It is said that'when Nana' Yeboah Afariand his;'retinue got to' this plaoe, they said to themselves that theywould have to stop at the bank of the river, thus naming the placeSuntresu.,It is said whilst at Suntresu one .of Nana Yeboah Afari'sSubjects killed'an elephant, so Nana Obiri Yeboio., then Kumasihene,ordered that the elephant's tail and tusks should be sent to him.Nana Yeboah Afadi objected to thiz 4eand which he considered mostpreposterous.

- 3There arose a combat between Nana Obiri Yeboah, the Kumasihene, grand-uncle of King Osei Tutu, and Nana Yeboah Afari) the Dormahene-to-be, whowas then staying at Suntresu, So they fought with shields and swords. No doubtthe Dormahene gained the upperhand in this combat.

After this oombat Nana Ntiamoah, then Ohwimhene who hadsucceeded Obiri Hwim and a relative of the Dormahene-to-be, convened ameeting of all the chiefs in the neighbouring villages of Kumasi, excluding theDormahene, It was more or less the first business meeting of the woula-beKumasi State. Ntiamoah the Ohwimhene put it to the chiefs and the gatheringthat &s b result of the skirmish between Nana Obiri Yeboah, Kumasihene, andYeboah Afari it was of supreme importance* that they should all unite and wage war against the Dormahene Yeboah Afariand his son Dormaa Kisi, who was said to be the commander-inchief of theDormahene.V It is said that this proposal of the Ohwimhene Ntiamoah wasagreed by all on the same day and at the same place. It is said the day was aWednesday. So it was decided that they should all wage war as a whole againstthe Dormahene on that very Wednesday at a place called Topreman Nkwanta nearthe Military Barracks. So the Dormahene and hisretinue took to their heels and arrived at a place called Offin Ano (It issaid that hecrossed the Offin River). Whilst the Dormahene was being chased by NanaNtiamoah the latter was called back home to Kumasi by his colleagues (ChiefsS.At a second business meeting of those Kumasi chiefs thetitle of Akyereko was conferred on Nana Ntiamoah, the Ohwimhene, for directingthem to wage war against the Dormahene. (In Ashanti Kyere means to direct. SoAkyereko meaning one who directs someone to war). No doubt it was during thisskirmish with the Dormas at Suntresu that King Obiri Yeboah Kmasihene waskilled by the Dormas.So it was just at this period, after the death of Obi*1Yeboah, that Barima Osei Tutu was invited from Akwamu by the Kumasi chiefsto occupy the vacant stool of his grand uncle Nana Obiri Yeboah, who had beenkilled by the Dormas. So King Osei Tutu won the upper hand.It is said that the commander-in-chief of the Dormaa.Armywho was Dormaa Kisi, the son of Dormahene, was captured red-handed and sentto Kumasi. It is said that this man was tortured and molested before he receivedcapital punishment.

The Dormahene Nana Yeboah Afari who,, of course, was notcaptured took to his heels with some of his followers and crossed the Tano River.The Kumasi army, on arriving at the Tano river, halted.. Whilst returning from this battle at Tanoso, Nana sei Tutu ordered.that NaiaAkyereko, the Ohwimhene, should appoint him a Scare-taker' for -hie Tano river.So Nana Ohwimhene Akyereko gave up his grandson, by. zame.Xw ame Akwa,to be the care-taker of the Tano River. He was fformerly kno0 n' as Bofoakwa,that is one responsible for the Tano Rier.." Later on ie. became known asBeohemhene. It is said that the war booty Of the Aormas was shared out at thearea now called Beohem by the Ashantis, thus they called the spot Bechem, that isa place of divi.n. .In Ashanti theword divide is Kye; Bechem became oorrupted-td this. name. So in olden days the one responsible for the Tan,6b.river;was

staying at Bechem and later on became known as Be~heinhene. He -is theChiefof this area.King Osei Tutu'further ordered that "Nana Ntiamoah Akyereke should give himanother person who would serve as a, guard against the Dormahene and to reportto him whenever the Dormahene and his people were making an attempt to wagewar against him. Nana Akyereko, the Ohwimhene, appointed his nephew in theperson of Affro. King Osei was pleased with this appointment and furtherappointed 300 armed men, .headed by Affro, the Ohwimhene's nephew, to be onguard against the Dormahene. At a subsequent date he appointed Asene Gyimah,alsofrom Ohwim, to assist the armed men and Affro, the leader of the armed men.They were made to stay at a place called Bodom,, just near the place where theDormahene was staying. The leader Affro later beoam the Bodomhene. 'Thisplace was later found to be of a 'bad climate for the Bodomhene, ,so he left therevith his retinue to settle at A. nedrby river, a place called Asukesse, where hestayed with his people. .So he 1iecame. the first Esukessehene. Itis' said thatAsene Gyimah who was appointed at a later stage to assist Affro at Bodom,separated from him at Asukesse. He left his colleagues for Abrosanko where he,too, stayed with his retinue. He became the Abrosankohene,Later on Nana Osei Tutu ordered that as a result of theassistance rendered to him by Nana Akyereko and in spite of the fact that he was ablood relative of the Formahene Yeboah.Afari, he should be admittedinto theOyoko Clan in the Abohyen Division, Presumably7 in the mtar.7 sense. Sincethen there was a 'close relationshipbetween the Ohwimhene and' the King, Nana Osei Tutu.

" 5: -Later on the Dormahene, Nana Yeboah Atari, was succeeded on the Stool byNana Kyereme Sikafo. He thought it meet and proper to render an apology to theAsantehene through the Bomahene who was then the Safohene of Dormahene forthe folly which his ancestor, Nana Yeboah Afari had done. It is said that thishappened during the reign of Nana Osei Kojo, the great fighting King who wasknown traditionally as Nana Oko Awia - he attacked his enemies. in theafternoons.The apology was first rendered to the Ohwimhene, then Nana Affro Panin, but itis said that for a period of about three years the Bomahene was not permitted tosee the Asantehene. He was asked to stay at Ohwim whilst the Asanteheneconsidered the matter. Later on permission was granted to the Bomahene to seeAsantehene in connection with his apology. The Bomahene at that time wasKyeremu Gyaawuna. The aotual name of this Bomahene was Kyeremu but ithappened that when Nana Affro went with him to the Asantehene he would keepnodding asleep during conversations. He would then be given a pushby theKing's servants. .So he was niok-named Gyaawuna. "Stop sleeping.It is said that after the Asantehene had accepted the apology, the BomaheneKyeremu GyaawTnna. was made to drink to the gods of the nation, and a body of

rules was enacted for the Dormahene, which runs as followst1. That theBomahene, the apologist, should not cross theRiver of Tano again after his return to the place of hisdestination with the Bomaa Stool. But he was at libertyto oontact the Dormahene at Abesem in person.2. The ban on Dormahene was lifted. He could then come toKumsi. He was of oourse to report'himself to the Ohwimhene.3. No blood'kinsman of the Dofmahene should set foot onKumasi soil except at Ohwim.Nana Akyereko also went to war with Nana Opoku Ware against the Gyamanchief Abo Kofi, who had made for himself a Golden Stool saying that theGyamans were as gqodas the Ashantis. It is said +hat Nana Akyereko wassucceeded by Nana .Aful Panino He went. to war at Epo (Ewe area - Hwemsa).Nana Osei Kojo was then the Asantehene.He was succeeded on the Stool by Nana Adu Yaw, who also went $o war withNana Osei Akoto at Juaben, sometime in .1834. This was in aoeetion with thewar booty of Ntim Gyakari, At that time Yaw Buateng w s the occupantof theJuaben Stool,

2C1aifton .A on.A.2Informant:OIkreazno Kwame DarisoReodeb:DateJ. Agyrmaiauah20th March, 1963WJAO SOOL LINGUISTInstitute of Afrisan, Studies, University of Ghana, Leg=&.April, 1963IAS acc * no*AS. 20

- 6He was succeeded on the Stool by Adu Akyeampong; heattended no war with the Ashanti Kings.He was succeeded on the Stool by Nana Kwaku Kromo. He went to war withNana Karikari in Fanti land.Nana Kwaku Kromo was succeeded on the stool by NanaBoak~re, who went to war with King Prempeh I, alias Nana Kwak~u Dua III, atNkoransa. He also backed the British during the Yaa Asantewah War in 1900,He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Akyereko. He hassince then been known in private life as Nana Yaw Asubonteng. He isa very old man (about 100 years old) and still alive,He was destooled along with Asafo Akowuah and others for conspiring againstthe present Asantehene some time in 1932.

He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Yaw. Nana Osei Yaw attended nowar. He died on the stool. He was. the10th Chief and was enstooled during the present reigning King Nana Osei TutuAgyeman Prempeh II. He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Akyereko Ababie.He is the present occupant of the Ohwim Stool.NOTE:(a) The Military Division to which the Ohwimhene belongs isAkwamu, He runs third in command to the Akwamuhene ofKumasi.It is said that during the Ashanti War with the Akims,that is in the reign of Nana Osei Kojo (OKO AWIA), when Fosu ApententheOkyemhene was killed, Nana Akowuah, the Akviamuhene of Kumasi, wasappointed the Commanderwinqmhief of the army, The Asafohene appealed toOtumfue Nana Osei Kojo that he would like to go to the war with the OhwimheneSo Nana agreed and appointed the Ohwimhene assuch,After the dgfat ef the Akims and their return to Kumasi the Akwamuheneappealed to Otumfue to allow the Ohwimhene to remain in the Akvramu Clanforfurther warsA since the Ohwimhene proved himself a gallant fighter inmt)e Akimwar. The Ohwimhene has since then remained in the Akwamii Clan.(b) Frmerly the house of Ohwimhene was situated at Asaratuase, where we havethe present humasi Fort.

--The Ohwimhene swears t6 the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo Sword. He isstill recognised in Kumasi as one of the foundation members of. the city ofKumasi.He has the right to calla at the King's Palace for salutation or consultation.(c) The Fetish Attah Bekoe was created by Okomfo Anokyre forNana Osei Tutu, to be given to the one responsible for the care-takership of theRiver Tano.The purpose of creating such a Fetish was that whenever the Asantehene. wastaking the field for, it was obligatory for the 7efteh Priest to carry the Fetishbefore the Asantehene.Before there was an accredited Feiths Priest attached tothis Fetish, the Beohemhene it is said, was responsible in the olden days forcarrying this Fetiah when Otumfuo was taking the field for war.

- 8(M-IWTM ~'I~AAT. WT~IYVRY- ~TTPPLEMXNTPARYWhen the Klmasi army had defeated the Dormahene, and Nana OseiTutu askedNana Alyereko to be in the Oyoko Abohyen Division, he further asked Akyerekowhat he should give him in appreciation of his noble deeds. Nana Akyereko, it issaid asked for nothing but that all beating of the Pontonfrom drums in Ashantishould first bear his appellation. This plea was no doubt accepted by the King.

The said appellation runs as follows:Akyereko Kwagyam Wotware NwabeWaduru Ohwim (you passthrough Nwabe-River before going to Ohwim). Thisappellation, it is said, was to be embodied in the beating of-every Atumpan drumin Ashanti, both Fontonfrom and Talking Drums.Informant:Nana Akyerebo Ababio,0hwimhene.3/12/62Recorded byJ. Agyeman-Duah, Research Assistant.OHIP TOT Tqrnv SU_ PLi M *

- 9 -Nana Obiri Yeboah (Obiri Hwim)( Ist Chief of Ohwim )Nana Ntiamoah Akyereko( 2nd Chief )Nana Affro Panin( 3rd Chief )Nana Alyereko Asamoah( 4th Chief )Nana Adu Yaw( 5th Chief)Nana Adu Akyeampong( 6th Chief )Nana Kwaku Kromo( 7th Chiee )Nana Kwaku Boakye( 8th Chief )Nana Akyreko ( destooled )( 9th Chief )Nana Osei Yaw( 10th Chief )Nana Akyereko Ababio( 11 Chief)

Classification SNana Akwasi Boakye, NkabomheneRecorded byDate :Subject -J. Agyeman-Duah27th March, 1963NIABOM STOOL HISTORY

Institute of 1frioan Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963InformantIAS acc'. no.AS 19

This stool is said to have been created by the present reigning monarch, Sir OseiAgyeman Prempeh, on the restoration of the Ashanti Confederacy in 1935.The present Asantehene succeeded his uncle, Nana Kwaku Duah III, alias NanaPrempeh I, who is also known in high traditional circles as Nana Agyeman Duah,in 1931, as Kumasihene. Traditionally Nana Agyemn Duah was recognised bythe entire populace of the nation as the Asantehene, although the British limitedhis status to that of Kumasihene. There was, of course, no justification in theestablished conventions of the nation for the title of Asantehene to bechanged tothat of Kumasihene by the British imperialists, because the enstoolment of theAsantehene has a definite constitutional significance which cannot be eliminatedby mere ordinance.So the present reigning monarch, Sir, Osei Agyeman Prempeh II, succeeded hisuncle in 1931 as Kumasihene, as enacted by ordinance. But through peacefulnegotiation and diplomatic relations with the British Government theKing was infact recognised as the first Asantehene under British rule in 1935.In order to mark the restoration of the Ashanti Confederacy, or theSupremeCouncil of the Ashanti Nation, by the British Government, the King, it issaid,created the Nkabom Stool. It was created as a stool of matrilineal descent. TheAbosua to which the stool belongs is the Ekuona. The King also directed that theoccupant of the stool should serve him through the bhnwere division orclan of theAsantehen,It is said that in addition to the Nkabom Stool the King created the followingstools:(a) Nkabom Linguist's Stool(b) Kyeame Kwabena Kumah Stool(c) Ahuprafo StoolThe Nkabomhene, it is said, swears to the Asantehene with the AhwehwebaaSword.The present occupant of the stool is Nana Boakye, who was enstooledin 1935 onthe very day of its creation. He is said to be the only surviving chief of the Stool.He has, of course, no black or ancestral stool, since he is the first chief and has notyet departed to the Region of Hades. If he dies on the stool in a fittingmanner,then his stool will be smoked or blackened and it will automatically become theancestral stool of his descendants.

Clasifiatio : A aoc. no. AS. 20Informant:0blreame Kwame DansoJ, Agyenana-Duah

2 4220th March, 1963MMM TO INGSTInstitute of Afrioan StuaieB, University of Ghana, Legm*~April, 1963Regoraed ]a :Classifictum :

The Atenehene of this stool belongs to the Ankobia clan of theKing. There are two constituted Atene Chiefs of the King in this same clan of theAnkobia: the 'Atene Akuapong chief and the Atene Akonten chief. TheAnkobiaclan is the traditional body guard of the King. It is said that-the Atene'Akuaponguhief is thu senior of the two chiefs. The occupant of the Atene Akuapong stool,like the occupant of the Atene Akonten stool, swears to the Asantehene with theMpomponsuo sword. The stool is open. to the servants or subjectsof the Kingwho serve at the King's court. Appointment to this stool is by royal prerogative.Traditionally it is a 11mama Dwa stool, that is a stool of patrilineal descent. It isno royal stool or hereditary stool, but depends upon the appointment of the Kingon his ovm discretion.The stool is said to have been created by Asantehene Nana OseiAsibe Bonsu Panyin before the invasion of the Gyaman Chief, Kofi Adinkra,who, it is said, Was captured and beheaded by the Ashantis. It is saidthat prior tothe Fanti war, when the King, for the first time .in the annals of Ashanti history,placed the state sword into the sea at Anomabu, this stool had not yet beencreated. It was justafter the -Fanti war, when the Kin- won the traditional appellation of "Bohsu" thatthis stoolvas created. It is said that the King created .the stool with a view tosetting fire to the savanna land of the,Gyaman King, Adinkra. "Atene" means the fibres of palm trees, usedforlighting traditional lamps. It is sai~d that in olden days theAtene were used as matches for lighting lamps, etc.After creating this stool the King ordered that the occupantshould always be a guard of the great Golden Stool, the palladium of the Ashantination, whenever it was being lifted for ceremonial occasions, and the like. Thisobligation, it is said, was put on the two Atene chiefs,. and even today it is theirresponsibility to guard the Golden Stool. Both the Atene Akuapong chief and theAtene Akonten chief serve as guards of the Golaen Stool whenever it islifted up for ceremonial u Th2 inig, it is said, createdthis stool for the two chiefs under the Anominakohene, the head of a separategroup within the Ankobia clan or division of the King.The first chief of the Atene Akuapong stooL.is said to have been Sarkodie, whowas appointed by the King before the Gyaman war with Adinkra. This Sarkodiewas a direct subject and a stool servant at the King's court. And being a faithfulservant, the stool was accordingly awarded to him upon the king's prerogative.This chief, it is said, returned home from the war unscathed, and died on the stool.

He was succeeded by Poku, in the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei YawAkoto,Chief Poku, it is said, went to the Akentamansu war and died on the battlefield,Poku was a direct servant and subject of the Golden Stool. He was a faithfulservant at the King's court and the King thus gave him the stool.

- 2Poku was succeeded on the stool by Kotia, another faithfulservant at the King's court, during the reign of Nana Agyeman, alias N anaKwaku Duah I, Asantehene. Kotia was destooled for aal-administrationduring the reign of Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari.Kotia was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Anim, a senior servant at the King'scourt. This appointment was made by the prerogative of the King, Nana MlensahBonsu. It is said that this chief supported the King during the promulgation of hisdestoolment, and consequently was destooled for thus rebelling against the 'AbanDwa' - the GQlden Stool. The destoolment was caused by the Werempofoo, orservers of the Stool. He was succeeded on the stool by Osei Dah.It is said that Osei Dah was on the stool in the reign of Asantehene Nana KwaaiDuah II, who is known in high traditional circles as NanaAgyeman Kofi, and who is said to have reigned for just forty days. Osei Dah issaid to have been on the stool during the first part of the reign of AsanteheneNana Kwaku Duah III, alias Nana Prempeh I. It issaid that this chief saw active service in the Nkoranza war in the first part of thereig of Asantehene Nana Prempeh I. Chief Osei Dah, it is said, was a servant atthe King's court prior to his enstoolment. It is further said that ehief Osei Dah wason the stool when King Prempeh I was taken to Seychelles Illand by the Britishimperialists.Chief Osei Dah, it is said, went to the Yaa Asantewa war on the side of'AbanDwa', the Golden Stool. He was more than a centenarian when he died, two yearsafter the Yaa Asantewa war.Chief Osei Pah was followed on the stool by Rwabena Yeboah, by appointment ofthe British. Kwabena Yeboah, it is said, died on the stool. King .Prempeh Ireturned from Seychelles. to -meet him on the stool in 1924..Chief Kwabena Yeboah was succeeded on the stool by one Kwaku Kyere, aservant at the King's court. He abdicated after nine months' reign.It is said that he took the oath of allegiance to the present reigning monarch, SirOsei Agyeman Prempeh II.Chief Kwabena Yeboah was succeeded-by the present chief, Boakye Ansah,during the rat' of the present King, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He ha spentover fifteen years on the stool.

- 3(a) The present reigning King, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II,has changed the status of this patrilineal stool into ahereditary stool, or stool of matrilineal descent.The stool now belongs to an Abosua or classificatory

group knoim as 'Werehuduooefo". Only the descendants of this group have now alegal claim to inherit this stool.(b) Formerly the succession to this stool was not hereditary inthe conventional way in which the term is understood. The succession was bynomination of the King upon his executiveinstrument.fl1-TTE~ rn~' WRA~!T~T1~ kXTT~PAN(~.Ist Chief2nd 3rd5th 6th7th 8thSarkodiePokuKotia (destooled)Kofi Anim (destooled) Osei DahKwabena Yeboah Kwaku Kyere (abdicated)Boakye Ansah (present chief)WMtYT,CHIEFS~~~~~ OFTEAEEATkr

IAS ace. no. AS. 22Informant :Opanin Domfeh Kyere, an Elder of the Nsumanlcwa Stool, about 100 years old.Recorded by -J. Agyeman-DuahDate :26th October, 1962NSUKANKWA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963Classification :

It is said that when Nana Osei Tutu was coming from Akwamu to occupy thevacant Stool of his grand-uncle, Nana Obiri Yeboah, he brought a certain. fetishfrom Akwamu to Kumasi, called Domfeh.On arrival at Kumasi Nana Osei Tutu charged Atuomutua Kwagyan with therespqnsbility of administering this fetish Domfeh.'It is said Atuomutua Kwagyan was a native of Gyimaakyi a village nearKokoft.wHe was the grandson of Abirewamusu of Gyimaakyi.When Nana Osei Tutu handed over the administration of this fetish to Atuomutuahe was restricted by the King from going to his village any longer, buthad to stayat Kumasi.

So later, through the instrumentality of the King a village was built for this care-taker, known as Gyimaayi, bearing the same name as his ancestral village atKokofu. This village can now be traced at Daaban in the Kumasi District.The principal fnction. of this .fetish -is to prepare medicine for war. It is also sdidthat this fetish used to prepare medicine for people when taking the field for warin the old days.Whenever there was a celebration, or anniversary of his fetish the King in oldendays. ordered household Mpintin Drums to be beaten to follow the Fetish to theriver side for the annual purification.It is said that the Xetjsh. was usually kept at the King'sPaiace, but when the occasion Cdame round for the annual purification the Kingwould order the beating of his Mpintin Drums. They 0ollcwed the fetish to theplace of the purification ceremony at the side of the river Subin in Kumasiaccompanied by one of his state Umbrellas (Akromponkyereye) made of a kentecapth (Dwekoman).it s . 2t is ;s-aid that Okomfo Anokye later dign.ifi ed: this Stool and invokedcertain spirits in it... Immediately after the Takyipan War where the Ashantis fought with thatpowerful King of Takyiman, Ameyaw, who was captured, Okomfuo Anokye fellinto a trance for seven days and ordered that a*DNebraim0 be made for the'nation. Dwebraim is the gathering place of thepeople or the nation., In olden days the Dwebraim of the nation was behind thepresent Ministry Building, whish later (auring, the imperialists' 'rule) -becameknown as Fort Park. At present the-Dwebraimnof tie. Nation is at Manaia, that is the big park in front ofAsantehene's Palace.

- 2It was during the promulgation of Dwebraim by Anokye that he further caused aDais to be built. Underneath this Dais he invoked certain spirits and also madecertain medicines for ,the growth of the nation. When he. had finishedperforming these miracles, he threw his Bodua up to the s1V. and invokedcertain" spirits in it. He later handed the Bodua over to Nana Asabre, the son ofAtuomutua Kwagyan, who had. then succeeded his father. The Nsumankwaheneno doubt was responsible for the pouring of libation., at the Dwebraim.Okomfo Aokye later. harged the Nsumankwahene: with the special responsibilityof handing over the Iey of the state to him and frther enacted the followingcodeof laws, infringement of which he considered as taboo to the State:(a) No oneshould have sexual intercourse with his or her son.(b) No one should have sexual intercourse with his bloodre2ative either brother or sister.-e) No one should kill a blind person, though he or she maycommit a serious blunder.(d) No one should kill an insane or a mad person though. he orshe may commit a serious crime.(6) No one should kill a leper if he or she commits an offence.

(g) No one shoulaL kill a dumb person if he, or she commits a:crime.(g) A'woman who had sexual connectin th a manpror to herage otf puberty (Kyerebra) - hould. not be killed but must bepurified.(h) No oue should have sexual conneotion'with a woman in thebush or in the forest.So the Bodua, which was the symbol of authority, was liter handed over toAsabre.It was at this same period that all fetish priests and medicinemen in the state were requested to serve the King under the Nsumankwahene,

- 3Thus Nsumankwahene means the Head of all fetish priests and themedicine men.He was also made responsible for the preparation of making medicine for war.Thus the-name Nsumankwahene means the chief of the medicine men6It is said that during the reign of Nana Osei Kojo the Asantehene, Nana Asabrethe Nsumankwahene, fought with one Okye from -kyiesi, a Sodo man inKumasi.The Sodo man, it is said, conspired against Nana Osei Kojo and gathered somemen in Kumasi Town to fight against the King. Nana Nsumankwahene Asabrewas made to perform certain miracles leading to the war and as a result of this theKing won viotory.It is said that Nana Asabre captured the gun of Okye, known asAgyapomah- and later oaptured* hid hor for appellation known as Asese Ben(Asese Horn)...... After the war Otumfuo Nana Osei Kojo ordered that he wouldtake possession of the horn himself though captured by Nsumankwahene. Butwhenever the Nsumankwahene was taking th'e field for war he was atliberty toask for the horn to follow him. The gun was, of course, also taken by theking.'It is also said that during the reign of Nana Asabre, NsutaAmankwa and Wareye Akbmah, both 'royals of the Nsuta Stool, contested for theStool. The Queen-Mother of Nsuta at that time.was Siaburah. Afterthe contestfor the stobl, Nsuta Amankwah won the upper hand. So the supportersof WereyeAkomah shot Nsuta Amankwah whilst in a Palanquin, The Queen-MotherSiaburah reported this unhappy incident to the King of Ashanti, NanaOsei Kojo.The Queen4lother no doubt implored Nana Osei Kojo for more arms andreinforcements for Nsuta for a, safeguard.- Nana Osel K6jo appointed Nana Asabre, the Nsutankwahene, .to go toNsutaand to see that order was maintained. Nana Asabre arri.ved at Nsuta with hisarmed men as directed by the King and fought mercilessly with.thoseconspiratorsand was victorious. As a symbol.of appreciation of the gallantr.*showed byNana Asabre the Queen-Mother of Nsuta ordered that the, foJlowing sixvillagesof the Nsuta state should become' vassal: villages of the Nsumankwastool:I. Kwakye Deku2. Kyebi3. Gyanyinatrase1. Bprimu

5. Beema6. ?Nana Asabre was succeeded on the stool by Nana Baako Panin, his brother.

It is said that it was during the reign of Nana Osei Kwame, the only sonofMamponghene, that the Mohamedans came to Kumasi. It will be recalled thatwhen Otumfuo Nana Osei Kwame, the Asantehene-eleot and the only survivingson of the Mamponghene, Nana Safo Kantake, was coning from Mampong toKumasi some time in the 18th Century to occupy the Golden Stool of Ashanti,his father, the Mamponghene, felt it incumbent upon himself to capture someMohammedans from the North. These Mohammedans were to accompany hisson to Kumasi, where they could prepare medicine for him, guaranteeing him asuccessful reign and enhanced dignity.At' this time the Mamponghene Nana Safo Kantanka was himself interested in theworship of the Koran, and possessed a commanding influence over many northernpeople. He was thus able without difficulty to bring from the North about onehundred Moslems, and thus gained the appellation in Ashanti; Mampong Safo awo kyere Nkramo mono or Mampong Safo who takes Moselms alive. TheMampong people themselves were known as Ee Kwananofo the guards of theNorth.Then these Mohammedans arrived in Kumasi as retainers of the King they werereceived with hospitality and were stationed at Asumfo on the old Bantama HighStreet where the Police barracks are now. As the community, grew some movedto the nearby site of Sqre1Webosaekyi, where the old supreme Court stool behindthe Ministry building. These Moslems became an integral,part of the lifeof thepeople of the capital and become ,.own as Asanti Mkran6, 'Asanti Moslems'.The functioi of these Moslems was to provide protectivemedicine, and it was for this reason that when they arrived in Kumasithey wereplaced under the Nsumankwahene, the Chief of the medicine. people, who wasthe accrediteddoctor of the Asantehene and a member of the Gyasedivision, theKing's household officials. When a talisman was pre-pared by theNsumankwahene for the King it was the duty of the Asante Nkramo to--doneultthe Koran to determine the genuiness and effieacy of the Talisman in question.But the duties of the AsanteNkramo were not confined solely to protective medicine. When an Ashanti armywas taking the field for war, it was their duty to ascertain whether theventurewould be. a successful one, and to pray for victory. Furtthermore, when Moslemsof rank Arrived. -. Ashanti from the North, before being allowed into the presenceof the King they would be met at .19fo by Ante Nkramo, who Nmuld questionthem up6n: thear mission, and require them to sdear upon the Koranthat theywere coming with hearts as clean as a whit6!sheet. ,It was also considered a dutyof the Asante Nkramo to pray every Friday :for the King, that the blessings ofAJJah should rest upon his government and that he' shoud be endued withheavenly gifts, health, wealth, long life, and the destruction of:hisenemies.

- 5

Nana Ppmfeh Panin was succeeded on the stool-' by his son, NanaD6mfehKetwea. It was duz-ri $his tme.th-th Nana Agyeman - Nana Kwaku Duah -appoiited him the"Co rder-in-Chief of the Kumasi Infantry Army tofithtagains* Ake Chief of Yabo. "Although Nana Afreman was the most peaceful King of the Ashanti Kings, twowars were fought during his term of office. The first war war wasfought withChief. Yabo and the second was the Ekumfi War, where Nana Oix Kokoo,AempU6hene, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of t~e Kumasi DivisionIifantry Army.It is said that the war with the Chief of Yabo was one of great fighting.So whenNana Nsumankwahene felt that he ould no longer withstand-Chief Yabo he sentnews to the King whilst on the battle field about the state of unconditionalsurrender. So Asamoah Nkwanta, the Anantahene, whose stool is traditionallyknown a a Osshene, was instantly appointed to assist his brother, It willhowever,be recalled that both the Neumankwahene and the Anantahene belong to theGyase Clan ofthe King*It is said that it Was during this war that the Chief of Yabo was discovered to be agreat magician. % But anyway Asamoah Mkanta, the Anantahene, got hold of hishand and the traditional title of Dwakuta was confe&ed on bime. NanaDomfehKe'tewa, the Nsumaxkwahene, stabbed him in the stomach ar won the traditionaltitle Twaa Afurumu and the Neeniehene of Kumasi who also followed theNsumankwahene to the war got hold of the gun powder. He won the traditionaltitle Akyere Manks.It is said that the main cause of this war was the fact that the .Chief ofYabo hadspoken some indecent words against the Asantehene. In one way oron other hecast some insinuations on the Asantehene and when the matter was reported to theAsantehene war ensued, It was also during this war that the Nsumankwahene'shunter, called Ampofo, killed an elephant and the elephant' s tail was sent toAsantehene. It is also said that the ti.e of Bafuor, meaning a brave chief, wasconferred on the Nsumankfahenby the Asantehene as a result of thedefeat andcapture of the Chief of Yabo.It is said further that during the reign of Nana Agyeman,alias Nana Kwaku Dua I, Asantehene (1838-4867). the most peaceful King whohad ever reigned, thqAshantis besieged the chief of Yabo in theNorthern. TerdJories :now'Northern Ghana, mder the able leadership. of NanaDomfeh Ketewa, Nsumankwahene of Kumasi. Other leading personalities whowere later sent to assist the Nsuzuk~maene in the battle field were AsamoaNkwaAta - Anantahene of ZM zi - and Appia Agyei, Nseniehene of Kumasi.

It is said that the Ashantis fought mercilessly with this chief before they were ableto defeat him. The chief was more than a magician, he could turn himselfinto acat, elephant or as the case may be. But in the end he was beheaded and his headsent to Kumasi.It is further said that he had a very powerful Kramo or Moslem, who was gifted inthe Koran and worked miracles for him. This Moslem was captured r~handed

and sent to Kumasi. He was known as Kramo Tia. When Kramo Tia arrived inKumasi he became a permanent Moslem consultant of the Asantehene. He wascaptured with his two wives, namely Wurukye and Awuro Kyaah.Kramo Tia became a prominent citizen of Kumasi. His descendants multiplied ingreat numbers and are among the Moslems who stay in Suame.NOTE:i. One of the prosperous towns of the Chief of Yabo was knownas Daboya.2. From Salaga you go to Yabo.3. When the Nsumanlrahene and his colleagues were able tocapture the chief of Yabo they won the following traditionaltitles:- Nsumankwahene - Domfeh Ketewa became known as"Twafkrumu"; Asamoah Nkwanta, Anantahene of Kumasi"Adwakuta"; Appiagyei Nseniehene of Kumasi - "Kyere Adanka".I4. When Kramo Tia was brought to Kumasi he was made to serveOtumfuo through the Nsumankwahene.Nana Domfeh Ketewa was succeeded on the stool by Nana Sakate during thereign of this same King, Nana Agyeman, alias Nana Kwaku Dua I. Nana Sakatewas a brother of Nana Domfeh Ketewa.Nana Sakate was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabena Agyei, a brother ofNana Sakate, during the reign of King Kofi Karikari Asantehene.He went to war with the Gyasehene Poku Frefre (Buabasa) in Togoland. Hefought with Anini Kumi and beheaded him. He beheaded Anin Kumi thechief ofthe Togoland himself and captured two drums and one sword of Anin Kumi. TheSword is said to te lying upon the Nsumankwa Stool at this.present time.He was succeeded on the stool by the son of Nana Domfeh Panin, KwadwoAhene, or Ahim, during the reign of Nana Kofi Karikari, the Asantehene. He wasdestooled and died dlring the reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu.

- 7He was succeeded on tho stool by Nana Kwasi Domfeh, a son of NanaDomfehKetewa. He was on the stool when King Prempeh was taken away to theSeychelles by the British. He took the initiative during the enstoolmentof NanaPrempeh I (Alias King Kwaku Dua III), who was also known in high traditionalcircles as Nana Agyeman-Duah.It will however be recalled that there were some sort of hostilities between theChiefs of the Ashanti Nation during the enstoolment of King Prempeh I.Therewas controversy between the chiefs with regard to the election of a candidate forthe Golden Stool. Some of the chiefs in Ashanti were in favour of the bandidatureo. Yaw Twereboana, who was the son of Nana Efua Sarpon' s youngest daughter,whereas others were in favour of the candidature of Nana Kwaku Dua III,Agyeman Prempeh, the son of Nana Yaa Akyiaah, the Queen Mother-tobe of theAshanti Nation. A war ensued during the enstoolment of King Prempeh whichbecame known in high traditional circles as Asebe Sa. Nana Kwasi Domfeh alsohelped a great deal during the Yaa Asantewaa War with the British in .1900o Hedied at Kokofu during the 1900 campaign. He was supposed to be the first

Nsumankwahene to die on the battlefield. He received 9 bullet shots and died fivedays later. He was a great medicine man. He was killed by the Britishat Kokofu.He was succeeded on the stool by Baako, a son of Nana Domfeh Ketewa. He.died on one Alm.asedae at Esaso during the same Yaa Asantewaa Campaign of1900. He was also killed by the British.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yaw Kussie, a grandson of the Stool. Hewas appointed to the Stool by the British in appreciation of his services renderedto the crown during the Yaa Asantewaa War in 1900.He was succeeded on the stool by Kwaku Nnuro, the son of Nana KwabenaAgyei, during the Liiau u: Uiht Ci zef Commissioner of Ashanti, CaptainFuller.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yaw Adom from Krapa. He serve thestool by virtue of right but was appointed by the King to see that the stoolwasadministered well.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwaku Domfeh, a brother of myinformant (Opanin Domfeh Kyere). He was a son of Nana Yaw Asabre,Maamahene of Nsumankwa, who died at Kokofu. Nana Kwaku Domfehwasdestooled because of a skin disease.He was succeeded on the stool by BafUor Addo from Noheraa.It is said that he was not connected with the stool, but was appointed byKingPrempeh II for proving to be a great medicine man. He spent about four years onthe stool. He was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Kofi Ntem, by appointmentof the King. Although non of his ancestors have ever occupied the stool the Kingby virtue of his prerogative powers appointed him as such. He died about twoyears ago.

He has been succeeded on the stool by the present Nsumankwahene, BafuorAsabre III. He is supposed to be a son of Baako who died at Esaso. Hehasspent about one and half years on the stool.NOT .~(a) it is said that it was during the reign of King OpokuWare Katalgie that the Nsumankwa stool was made to comeunder the oategory of the Gyase Clan. As a Chiefmedieine man the Nsumankwahedne has every right to call atthe King's Palace for consultation. He is Asantehene,'sDoctor. He is also permitted by custom to presoribemedicine for others. He is the Native Doctor of the StateA He takes the oath ofallegiance to Otumfuo with MpomponsuoSword. This is a sword which the heads of the componentstates of the Ashanti Union and other senior chiefs usein swearing allegiance to the Asantehene.(b) The Nsuma n~kahene is known as OduruyefooHative Doctor,in higher traditional circles.

CHIEM OF THE NSUM~A STO1 st Chief2nd 0 3M et 4th et 5th te 6th fr

7th 8th gth I Oth llth Uth 13th 14th 15th 16th 17thILAtuomotua Kwagyan Åsabre Baako PaninDomfeh Panin Dom-ffihý Sakate Kwabena Agyei Kwadwo.åhene (destoolecl)Kwasi Domfeh BaåkoYaw Kussie Kkaku NnuroYaw Adam Kwaku Domfeh (destoolel) Bafuor Addo Kof! Ntem Bafuor ÅsabreIII (The present Nsumankwahene)

Classification :Informant :Kyeame Boakye YamRecorded by :Date :J, Agyeman-Duah3rd March, 1963Subject :BO.AKY YAM STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, egon.April, 1963IAS acc. no,AS.23

The stool of Kyeame Boakye Yam is known as Boakye Yam Stool.Although the Asantehene has twelve accredited Linguists, who are known asAkyeame Dumienu of Asantehene, Kyeame Boakye Yam Stool is supposed to bean auxiliary linguist stool of a limited kind. It is said that Okyeame Boakye YamStool is one of a series of limited holdings and has no Linguist's Stick. It is moreor less a sub-Linguist's Stool.The occupant of the Boakye Yam Stool swears to the Asantehene withtheahwehweba Sword. It belongs to the Gyase Division of the King. But the Abusuaor classificatory system of this stool is the Eduana.It is said that the Boakye Yam Stool is partly matrilineal and.partly patrilineal. Traditionally all the various linguists of Asantehene belong todifferent clans and represent the views of the different clans as the occasiondemands. These linguists act as spokesmen between the King and Chiefs. It isalso quite customary for a chief of a particular clan, who is so entitled, to passthrough a specific linguist before calling at the King's House for a parley. One ofthe principal dutiesof a linguist is to serve as a letter bearer between the King and his chiefs, etc., andof course other visitors who call at the King's House for consultation. Linguistsare more or less receptionists at the King's "House.It is said that the occupant of the Boakye Yam Stool is the

spokesman or representative of the Buabasa-Gyasehene and theNkorsonhe at theKing' s Court Yard. Both the Gyasehene and the Nkorsonhene belong to theGyase Division of the King. It is said that the occupant of this stool is more orless a sub-chief of the Nkonsonhene, that is he comes under the category of theNkonsonhene who is in the Gyase Division of the Kng.It is said that the ancestor of Boakye Yam was alive during thereign of Nana Obiri Yeboa - Asantehene. It ho happened that Nana Duku Abadie,a progenitor of the Boakye Yam Stool, was a chief of the Akwamuhene, AnsaSasraku, when the youthful Osei Tutu 7as sent to the Akwamu Court toresumeUds studies, if not his intrigues. It is said that while Osei was in Akwamu hisuncle, Obiri Yeboa, died, and Osei, the future King and man of action, was calledto the vacant stool of Kumasi. It is said that when this news reached theAkwamuhene Nana IAnsa Sasraku he thought it meet and proper as anenchantment to provide Osei with a body of Akwanu troops who were,as customdemanded, to accompany King Osei to Kumasi for his proclamation asthe futureAsantehene. It is said that Nana Duku Abadie, the anoestor of the Boakye YamStool, was among the body of troops so provided by the Alkwamuhene.

- 2It is said that on their arrival at Kumasi Nana Duku Abadie was madeto stay witthe Akyempimhene. of Kumasi who was Oheneba Sabin Afriyie, the prince ofNana Obiri Yeboah. It is said that Nana buku Abadie was an Obirempong onarrival at Kumasi. At a later date he became known as the Nkwantananhene, thatis the chief of the four-cross roads. It is said that this Obirempong wasnamedafter a lane near the present U.T.C. road on the Bempe Hill. It is said there werefour Cross-road at this lane and the chief was named after them.Nana Duku Abadie was succeeded on the stool by Nana Opong Temangduringthe reign of Nana Osei Tutu. It is said that in the reign of King Osei Tutu thestool of Boakye Yam was recognised as an Obirempongstool. It is said that this chief went. to the Dormaa Wrar which was fought atAbesim, where Dormaa Kusi was captured and decapitated. Nana Opong Temangwas succeeded on the stool by Nana Boakye Yam, his brother, during the reign ofNana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting King. Worosa, Chief of Banda, was killedduring this time. It is said that Nana Boakye Yam married a certainfemale royalof the Golden Stool, by name Nana Amma Serwah, a daughter of Mamponghene.It is said thatNana Boakye Yam was alive during the reign of Nana Osei Kwame - Asantehene.It is said that until the reign of Nana Agyeman, alias Kwaku Dua I, theBoakyeYam Stool was under the Akyempimhene (Akyeremde).It is said that during the reign of Nana Agyeman, the leastpugnacious of the Ashanti Kings, this stool was placed under the Gyase Divisionof the King. It is said that the King thought it meet qm& proper to make thistransfer since the senior brother of the Boa'ye Yam Stool was under the GyaseDivision of the King. The senior brother of the Boakye Yam Stool is said to beBoakye Yam Panin Akondwa. This stool is said, to be occupied by KyeameBoalye Tintin. The King, it is said,. ordered that the occupant of theBoakye Yam

stool should always sit by the side of his brother, the occupant of the BoakyeYam,.Panin stool amongst the Linguists of the King during sittings of the-state, sothat whenever there was sharing, the occupant of this stool could get, his share ofthe proceeds that accrued from the state sittings. It is said that formerly theoccupant of this stool could not take any share in the state proceeds whilst underthe Akyempilmhene. So the King thought it wise to have the occupant of this.stool shifted to the-side of his brother linguist, with 4a view to. getting apercentage of the prooees that were accrued at the King' s Court Yard. It is saidthat this Chief was not actuallyr proclaimed a linguist of the King.So he was notgiven a linguist's stick, but has a say as a linguist during state functions or duringthe determination of a constitutional case.

- 3Up to the present time the occupant of this stool has no linguist's stick, which isthe symbol of authority of the King's linguist. It'is said that he usuallyborrows alinguist's stick from his senior brotherif he is sent by the King on a mission.Nana Boakye Yam was succeeded on the stool by Achampong Tia during thereign of King Kofi 'Karikari. It is said that Achampong Tia was a son of NanaBoakye Yam. At this time, it is said, there was no ripe royal for the stool.ChiefAchampong Tia was succeeded on the stool by Chief Achampong Yaw, aacn ofthe stool during the reign of Nana Kofi Karikari.Nana Achampong Yaw was succeeded on the stool by Nana Asase Asa,a grandson of the stool in the material. sense. It is said that he wason the stoolbefore King Prempeh I was enstooled. He went to the Nkoranza War which wasfought prior to. King Prempeh' s. exile to Seychelles.Nana Asase Asa was succeeded on the stool by Chief Boakye Dankwa,a son ofAchampong Yaw, whilst the King was in Seychelles. It is said that he took theOath of Allegiance before the Kumasi elders. It is said that this Chief was still onthe stool on the return of the King from Seychelles.He was succeeded on the stool by the present Chief. Boakye,Yam, who, it is said, is a relative of the stool in the maternal sense. Thischief, itis said, took the oath of allegiance before the reigning monarch, Sir OseiAgyeman Prempeh II. It is said that he has spent over 25 years on the stool.

LIST QE CHIEFS OF BOAKYE STOOLI1st Chief' Duku Abadie2nd "- Opong Temang.3rd Boakye Yam')4th - Achampong Tie.5th "- Achampong Yaw~6th - Asase Asa7th - Boa1lje Dankwa8th "- Boakye Yam

Glassif'ioation:

Inf orimnt .TASac c, no,A . 2J.Poku Mlensab, present Odurugyahtene of' Asmtc'ieRecored bJ. Agyennn-Duahi23rd. Octobcr, 1962Sub~e ct :ODURUG-YAl HORN,1 HISTORYInstitute of Afric an Studies, University of' Ghana, Legon.).th Api~l, 1963,

It is said that during the reign of Okwaw - OkasaAtuomu - King Osei Tutu - a certain hunter went into the forest and suddenlyheard the sound of horns at a far distance. The hunter, it is said, wasa magicianand a great medicine man (Onim F m). As he went nearer the direction ofthesound, the volume bocade bigger and bigger, Later on he discovered that thehorns "re blown by dwarfs. Thus thu horn's were named after the tuning u:i thehorns, Odurugya.This huntur, on his arrival at the house, reported to an elder frinc-aCL of his"This morning wfien I went to the sorest T a'w a-x mira.culous. thing:someDwarfs were blowing horns" The elder answored: "This is a wonderful thingindeed. Could we go there tomorow to watch the thing for ourselves"?Thehunter answered: "Ohl yes indeed". It is my prayer that wego to muet th in tomorrow".So on the morrow the hunter went to the forest with the elder, and on theirarrivalat the same place they heard a similar sound, and going forward a little furtherthey saw the dwarfs actively bloing the horns.The hounter asked the elder, "Do you understand the terminology of the music?.The elder replied: "Although I hear the sound, I do not understandthenomenclaturo of the music".The elder in turn asked the hunter, "Do you also understand the art ofthe music"?The hunter replied, "Yes I do".The elder further questioned the hunter, "What do they say"? The hinter replied,"They are teaching their children a certain song"The elder: "What kind of Song"?Hunter: Thus runs the song:Otwaa Nyinaa OkonOkontomponin Otwa OnyinaObra Bra NneTwa Onyina Okom Fenama.(Ieaning) A liar or a traitor will ask you to go and drink with him in his house butin the end when he gets to the room he will toll you that somebody hastaken thepromised drink away.

This samo liar wzill also tell a second person that there is a drink waitingat hisroom but when the second person goes with h-im to his room, he will tell him thatsomebody has takon the drink away. This second person will this time hesitate togo with him to the house to the disappointment of the 1-Ur vaio sees no reasonwhy he should disappoint. him.

- 2So the soconl -iorson n-.an open statement t'at h, is l. liar"and goes aray unceremoniously without trusting his word --l leavii ghim in 1hisroom.The Ocurugy horn is said to have been 0iscow.._ -.subject of ziakor-ene Nana Akrapin .Akoso, one of the foundationmembeI-Chiufsof the Kur.nsi State.It is said that the Odurugya horns came in to th- PC s3sion of NanaOsoiTutu -Asantehene - After the defeat of "I. A people by..tlis King, The Amakom Akosa,it is said V.'. defeate.d ad killed, and the horns captured. along .:ith other warbooty.The significance of the Odurugya horns is that they are blown on Akwasidae,Awuku&ae and on the occasion of thn death of any very famous personality in thetown. They arc 9.s- lowvn when Otumfuo is in a serious mood or when presidingover a businessmeeting of the state.The first time I saw the 0durugya horns blown at the King's QGourtYard wasduring the hectic days of the defunct National Liberation M1ovement, whenOtumfuo ,!&s mclinS a policy sLt.tement as rega.rds the seizure of arms by theColonial Govornment°it is said tha't in Ashanti. the Asanteheno - King of Ashanti is .the only personwho is qntitled to the use of the6e horns. No Paramount Chief is entitled to usethese horns at any ceremonial function, until Otunfuo has given his consent.If a certain Paramount Chief is in a state of emergency and wants these horns tobe blovm for him, all he has to do ,is to appeal to Otumnfuo personally for hisconsent. On no ::ac.bnt should any of the original Paramount Chiefs of th; N,-'-namely, Mamponghene, Juabenhene, Nsutahene, Kumawuhene and 4 .onrqphenecause these horns to be blown at thiAr own .lisretion without permission from theKing of Kings - Asantehene - so far as the Asanto Nation is concerned. It is also aviolation of custom for any of these original foundation me .bers of the sl.-:isa.3.tion, or any Paramount chief of the Nation to create for himself anyof thesehorns. It is only the Asantehene Aho is entitled to the use of these horns.The Adurugyaheno of the Asantehene is also proM1--;.-; from blowing theseHorns to any Paramount Chief in Ash.nti without the knov'lodgc and consent ofOtumfuo because the b)wir. "horns has a jargon of its own.

- 3The Odurugyahene, though under the Gyase Division of the Asantehone, hasdirect contact witn the King. Ho takes instructions G iioct froA the Kinrg. I c isprivilogo i.i virtue of his position to oonta&t the King personally aot hisPalace.

Thionevor Otiufuo is taking tlxi field for war the dru-o gya Horns load solidlybehind haim. When Otunuuo is taking the field for -;lar, Iiis appellationorhonorific title at this time is Imovn a Oti Purukusua Odi Iuanta,_ - meaning "Apowerful XiLno ,oing to wrcc to condem everything"Tradition has it that ,rIon Otunfuo is going to war himsolf, he is follooD uytheGreat Golden Stool, wlch is t',e Palladium of tho Iation, an(, he is alwaysfollowed by tie Anantaheane, one of his commander-in-chiofs within the GyaseDivision of the King. The Auantmhone, like the Bantarnwahene holdsthetraditional title of Bafuor.CHIEFS OF =O ODURUGYA HORh-ofi Xagya (O dnrugyahene)(I st Odurugyahone was appointed during thereign of King Osei Tutu. He served KinEg OseiTutu aos well as King Opoku Ware.2n J &durugyahene (Sene Duah)3rd Odurugyaheno (Kwasi Badu)4th Odurugyahene (Yaw;i Safe)5th D.durugyahene (Poku Mensah) the present Odurugyahene.

ClassificationInformantIAS acc. no.AS . 25Kwame Buor from PankoronoRecorded by :Date :J. Agyeman-Duah9th November, 1962Subject :HISTORY OF KIADWOMInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963

It is claimed in the tradition of Kumasi that Okaw, a servant at the King's palaceduring the reign of Nana Osei Tutu, was found to be insane. He w'ula sing aseries of melodious songs in the King' s Palace and these songs became known asKwadwom. Kwa is the name of n person, and Dwom means a song. SoKwadwom means literally the song of Kwav. There is no evidence to supportReindorf' s claim that Kwadwom originated in Denkyera during the reign of theDenkyera chief Boa Amponsen in 1650.There is, however, linguistic evidence of the bestpossible kind that prior to the reign of King Osei Tutu there were some servants inthe King's household who were known as Mmagyefuo, or servants whoserve asnannies to the royal princes and princesses. They formed a groupof women,

headed by a senior woman appointed by the King. Even today it is a violation ofcustom for any elderly man to call at the King's haram. Any man who does thiscommits an offence and will be customarily arrested and punished.It is said that one day the King became deeply touched by the series of songsrendered by Kwaw, and sent messengers after him in front of his palace. TheKing's womenfolk also grew used to the sound of Kwaw's voiae, and sang hissongs themselves as they nursed the princes and princesses of the King.It was later thought meet and proper by the King that these songs should be sungto him in time of war or whilst presiding over a business meeting of the state, andon such great festival occasions as Akwasidae, Awukudae, and at durbars.Note(a) The senior nursing sister at the King's palace taughther descendants about the art of singing Kwadwom. Themusic is full of appellation and contains a long recital of the King's ancestors, andof men of prowess connectedwith the King and the Golden Stool of Ashanti. Thedescendants of the senior nursing sister can now be found at Pankrono, a villageabout five miles fromKumasi. The descendants of this woman still serve theKing in a similar capacity:

- 2(b) This group now. resident at Pankrono are known as Kwadwonfoo.(c) It is said that an ancestress of this group who was aliveduring the reign of King Osei Tutu was Nana Daakowah. Nodoubt. she was the senior nursing sister.Tradition has it that the head of this group, although a man,is known as the King' s wife.

Classification :Informant :Opanin Kojo Woworo, the present NtaheraheneRecorded by :J. Agyemas-DuahDate :12th February, 1963Subjeot :NTAHERA HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963IAS. acc. no,AS 26

Ntaherahene has a black stool. H e swears to the Asantehene with theMpomponsuo Sword. It is a stool of

patrilineal descent (Mmama Dua). The Ntahera Stool is said to have beencreated by Nana Osei Tutu Opimsuo. The nin duties of the Ntaherahene at thepalace are as follows:(a) He blows the Ntahera horn on the davn of Akwasidaeat the King's palace.(b) He wakes the king from bed on the morning ofAkwasidae.(c) He blows the horn at places of interest on the dayof Akwasidae, such as Buabasa's Ahenfie, Amakonhene'sAhenfie, the King's Baamu, Adantenhene' s Ahenfie, A1yempimhene's Ahenfie.He does this in order toawake the ghosts of the dead kings, and also to obtain money for drinks. He ispermitted by theKing to do so. When there is an Akwasidae festivalthe Ntahera horns follow the King.The significance of the horns is purely to enhance the dignity of theGolden Stool.When anybody hears the sound of these horns he runs away. The horns alwaysfollow the Golden Stool on all ceremonial occasions. Only the Juaben and Nsutachiefs have recognised Ntahera horns in Ashanti.Fokuo: Gyase (Ntaherahene is solely responsible to theDadiasobahene.)The Ntahera horns are at present nine in number.

2OF THE NTAHERAlst Chief2nd4th 5th 6th 7th8thKofi Owu su Kwame Gyakyei Panin, brother of Kofi Ovusu PeperaKwabena YeboahYaw Dunkor (while Asantehenewas in exile)Kofi Duro (He reigned for forty days. He took the oath of allegiance before thepresent reigning King.)Kofi Adu Twum (He abdicated: before this present reigningKing.)Opanin Kojo Woworo, the present Ntaherahene.This list is confused and does not contain all the chiefs of the Ntahera Stool.CHIEFSSTOOLNote : -

lAS aco . no.0 AS. 27Kwamrze Bia, 2Abrafoohene of Asant e,'!WRe or~o )by:J. Agyewnan-Dutah

Date :Subject:HIS TORY~ OF ASANT=UNE'S EXECUTIONEM ABPEAFOO- -- -a -Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Lego n.April, i 963s

he Exeocutioner's stool of Nkraamn was created by Nana Opok1uWare,okatakyei (Poa Tenten). He also created a sword Iown as Kontonkrowi OdaAmansan Konmu. This sword preocdos Otumfuo when he rides in a palanquinIt prevents evil from coming to Asantehene while he sits in state.The classification of Abrafoo stool is Eduana.o - Nil. The Abrafoohene is an independent chief.Sword - The Abrafoohene swears to Asantehene with theAhwihwibaa sword.haties(a) Responsible for cutting off heads when orderedto do so by the King.(b) If a man should speak or rebel against Asantehenehe would be ordered to behead him.(c) H e also protects the King from evil people.UheMVv tumfuo gives him orders he mast execute them at once. He has noright, of course, to cause execution unless he is ordered to do so by the King. Itis only the Asantehene vho can give orders to the Abrafoohene to causeexecution. Apart from Asantehene no chief or Omanhene can give him orders.It is only before the Asanther that he vakes the necessary citation.The Exeoutioner's stool is one of patrilineal descent (Mmama Dwa).It is not aroyal stool.Asuman Kofi was the first Abrafoohene created by 0pokuWare. He went to the Gyaaman war when Chief Abo was captured. He wassucceeded by his son, Ahene Panyin, during the reign of this same King, NanaOpoka Ware.H e was succeeded on the stool by his son, Yaw Abi, who was destooledafter Justtwo years' reign.Hc was succeeded by Ahene Tia, a brother of Ahenepanyin. He reigned for a considerable length of time. He veignel from NanaBonsu Panyin's time up to the reign of King Prempeh I. H e was over200 yearsold when he died. He was more than a magician.

'- 2.Af ter his, do ath the voo.1 be :a n., -,,-c -, . f.x)r s0 v when Otum:EloIhft CxcSc-1r'-1317i-s,.At a lator dateocne Okor, ca gr-nassr 9 7 th- st~'21 'as enst ooled.L Ho wasenstooled whiist Oturifuo w;.s -T3.

ile w-as Er.ceoåoed on the stool by XYamäc Bio . 1)>_JI~II Chief Executu-ianer, eustooled by the present roijnii. h.ef ile is about 100O yearsolåd0(A sect-, on of> Abra-Cop are knovm to bo rcs.'::' ' a>.n a villagonoar -tieNkawia road)CHIEFS OF ABLMO STOOL.I st. Chief> Asulmal Kofi2nd. Ahone Pany-in3rd Yaw Abi (acstoole4N4th. Ahene Tia5th Okycre.6th,

Classiflication:Informant Recorded bY.:IAS acc. no. !S. 28 Nana Kofi Poku, Oyokohene J. Agyeman-DuahDate :18th March, 1963Subject :OYOKO STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghaba, Legon.April, 1963

The 0yoko division of the King is made up of three main groups, namelyOyokoAbohyent Oyoko Atutue and Qyoko' Bremang. Under oyoko Abohyenwe havethe following chiefs:I. Oyokohene of Kumasi2. Kenyasehene3 * Mampongtenhenei. AnyinaseheneIt is said that the Oyoko Abohyen group is the clan to.. which the Asantehenebelongs. But as King of the nation he is both the Head of the Oyoko Stool androyal clan, and of the nation as a whole,The Oyokohene of Kumasi is supposed. to be the most senior chiefof theOyokuduo, as constituted by the King. The Oyokohene of Kumasi-is theheadclan chief of the Oyoko divisionof Asantehene,It is uaid that the Qyokohene of Kumasi has right of access to the Asantehene'spalace. He can go to see the Asantehene at his palace for a parley vithout passingthrough any intermediary.In olen days the Juabenhene, it is said, was theyokohene of Kumasi, but since he lived a long way from the capital the Kingfound it difficult to consult him on matters concerning the welfare ofthe state. Itis said that the King-was obliged to send messengers to him on trivial matters, andit took the Juabenhene some days, or even months, to attend to the King's call.This was due no doubt to the lack of quick means of transport. After a carefulreview of the situation, the King appointed Nana Okvapong Odeawuo, the most

senior elder of the Oyoko group of Abohyen, then resident at Kumasi, to aot forhis senior. brother Juabenhene, who is also of the Oyoke royal clan. It is said thatthis rearrangement, ,which may be considered as purely domestia, took place inthe reign of King Osei Tutu, OpimsuoO It is said that Odeavwuo, the first0yokohene of Kumasi, went to the Dorma war at Abesim during the reign of NanaOsei Tutu, when Dorma Kusi, the Commanderxoin-Chief of the Dorma army wascaptured and beheaded by the Ashantis on the battlefield. Prior to the appointmentof Odeawuo as the Oyokohene of Kumasi there was no stool, or to be morespecific, no black stool of this particular nature. Wen Odeawuo died his stool wassmoked and thus became the first black stool of the Oyokohene of Kumasi. It issaid that Odeawuo also went to the Denkyira var vhioh ia fought at Fehyiaseagainst

Ntim Gyakari, and returned home unscathed.Nana Odeawuo was succeeded. on the stool by Nana Bene" Ako,during the reign of Asantehene Nana Opoku Ware, Okatakyei. Itis said that Nana Bene Ako. went to war with King Opoku Ware at Akim.It so happened that whilst the King was away at Akim, Abirimoro,the Paramount Chief of Sefwl, invaded Kumasi. It is said that he looted thetown.and destroyed many valuable things. Upon hearing this terrible news theKing despatched Akyempimhene and Bantamahenefrom the battlefield to pursue tris deadly chief. It is saidthat AIkempimhene in turn sent his younger brother, Hiahene Oheneba Barban,Buaso. Odikro, and Nkawiepaninhene Twum, theNyaninahihhene, in his place; and Bantamahene ,also sent Brefo Apaw, theAkwaboahene, and Bari Offianohene to pursue Abirimoro nd fightagainst him. It is said that when the King returned from the battlefield of Aldmhe learnt that those appointed to pursue Abirimoro had not-yet returned home.The King. therefore sent BeneAko after the delegation to report the situation to him. It issaid that on his arrival at a place which came to :be called Akyeremu,Nana Bene Ako met Akwaboahene end his colleagues returning. He *askedthem why they had been so long (A er.emu). The meeting place was thus calledAkyeremu, and is now a village.It is said that the Ashanti army later returned toKumasi a'nd reported to the .King that Abirimoro in his flight hadstopped' at passaso and opened fire on them..;Nana Bend-Ako was succeeded on the stool by Nana Taah,.He:was enstooled during the reign of Asantehene Kusi Bodum.Nana'Taah was suceeded on.the stool by Nana Asare during the reign '.ob.Asatehene 'Nana Osei Ywadwo, the great fighting King .who ",feughtin !:thebroad daylight, ' .Itis said that this chief went to the'Banda war when Worosa,the chief of Banda, :was. captured and decapitated by the, Ashantis.It-i ssaid that this war was,.. particularly fierce one. Chiefi'Worosa: is Said to' haVe been aovery handsome man, of a.distnguished

and noble appearance, with a broad faceand flat- head4 Afterdecapitation'his head was imitated in g6ld and placed on the King'ssword, which can be found today in the King!s oourtyard,:. It iscalled Worosa-ti,

- 3Nana Asare was succeeded on the stool by Nana KwabenaAnkara, who wason -the stool during the reign of this same King, Nana Osei*Kvadwo, Asantehene.- Nana Kvabena Ankara was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwaku Asumaniin the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Kwame.Nana Kwaku Asumani w'as succeeded on the stool by Nana Baafi in thereign ofAsantehene Nana Osei Asibe Bonsu, alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame. It issaid thatthis chief went to the Gyaman waragainst Adinkra, when Adinkra was captured and beheaded by the Ashantis. Itis said that the King himself took the field inthis war.Nana Baafi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Buapong in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Osei -Yaw Akoto. It is said that this chief went to theAkatamansu war which took place at Dodowa in the southern region of presentGhana, He came home unscathed.He was followed on the stool by Nana Kwateng in tlr reign of Nana Agyeman,alias Nana Kwaku Duah I, the least pugnacious of Ashanti Kings, -rho was also aKing of means. He died on the stool.Nana Kwateng was succeeded on the stool by Nana Nyamoah during the reign ofthis same King, Nana Agyeman, alias Kwaku Duah I. Nana Nyamoah wasdestooled for mal-administration in the reign of Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari.Nana Odwemah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Agyekum Panyin in thereign of Nana Hensah Bonsu, Asantehene. He was on the stool prior totheenstoolment of King Prempeh, alias Nana Kwaku Duah III. It is said that he sawactive service in the Asebe war., This was the civil war that broke out in Ashantiover the enstoolment of King Prempeh I. The enstoolment of King Prempeh asAsantehene was marked by controversy in the annals of Ashanti history. Somestates in Ashanti were in favour of the candidature of Atweneboauna,whereasother supported the candidature of Nana Agyeman Duah, Alias Kwaku Duah III.

It will be recalled that Efua Sarpong, queen-mother ofAshanti, was the sister of Kwaku Duah I, alias Nana Agyeman.' She had threedaughters, of whom the eldest was Efua Kobi, the mother of Nana KofiKarikari,Nana Mensah Bonsu, and Yaa Akyia. WhenAsantehene Mensah Bonsu was deposed, Nana Efua Kobi, the queen-mother ofAshanti and mother of Mensah Bonsu, was also deposed, because she had givenbad advice to her sons, namely Asantehene Kofi Karikari and Mensah Bonsu.Both these Kings were deposed.Yaw Twenebranna was the son of Efua Sarpong' s youngest daughter. KwaasiKvisi was .the son of her second daughter.

Eventually Nana Kwaku Duah III, alias Agyeman Pxempeh. I, became theAsantehene. jiis mother was Nana Yaa Akyia.This chief, Nana Agye3= Panyin, who must have been a very old man atthe time,took the side of King Prempeh I, or Nana Kiaku Duah III. It is -said that h6 sawactive service in the Nkoranza war, which was fought in the first part of the reignof King Prempeh I. It -is said that he went to 3'ychelles Islandon his own accord with the King when he was exiled by the British. He died atSeychelle& Island.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kum* Nkansah.He was captured by the Briti-sh during 'thJ Yaa Asantewa war of 1900 because hefoight on the side of "Aban Dwa" (Golden Sto0I):,. Though he was released bythe British after the-war, he was never allowed to occupy the stoolagain. He wasthus succeeded by one Kwame Dapaah, who died on the stool,Kwame Dapaah tvas succeeded on the stool by Kofi Domfeh . He was 6n thestool for about twenty years baore King P-rmpeh returned from SeychellesIsland'.Nana Kofi Domfeh was succeeded ot he stool. byNana'Agyekum IIduring the,rei'gn of this present mbnarch, SIr Osei Agyemn Prempeh I He wasdestooledfor mal-administration.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kofi Poku, thepresent occupant of the stool. He has been on the stool for the pasteleven years.Note :- The Oyoko stool is both hereditary and royal. It isa stool of matrilineal descent. It passes from uncleto nephew.

- 5CHIEn OP THE OYOKO STOOLlst Chief Nana Oaeawuo2na Bene Ako.3ra Taah)+th Asare5th Kwabena Ankara6th Kwaku Asumani7+,h Baafi8th Buapong9-bh lýwatengi Oth Nyamoah (destooled)ilth Oawemah12th Agyekum Panyiný3th Kwame Nkans4h (capturea bythe British prior to his destoolment)14th Kwame Dapaah15th Kofi Domfeh,16th ASyekum Il (d.estooled)17th Iýof'l Poku(The present Chief)

Classification :Informant:Nana Kvwame Asare, NtutiaheneReodedbDate :J. Agyeman-Duah3rd November, 1962NTUTIA STOOL HISTORY('History of the Chief cap-guns of Asantehene)Institite of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon,April, 1963IAS aoc. no.AS. 29

The Ntutiahene, who is also known as the Mmedomahene, belongs to the Gyasedivision of Asantehene. Mmedoma stool was created by Nana Osei Kojo,Asantehene, the great fighting King who fought in the broad day light. The stoolis one of a.royal clan. It is inherited from uncle to nephew.Duties of the, Chief:This Chief is responsible for the safe-keeping of'the shortguns, i.e. cap guns (Ntutia) at the King's palace. These guns usually protect theGolden Stool. The caretaker of these guns is supposed to be the chief responsiblefor thesafe-keeping of these guns, and is thus 1no=n as Ntutiahene. It is only the king ofAshanti who has Ntutiahene. It is said that the number of cap guns nowat theKing's palace is about 50. They are solely for the protection of the Golden Stool.'Lt times the Ntutjahene is called Mmedomahene because the people of the villageof Mmedoma are solely responsible for the protection of the Golden Stool withthe cap guns. Thus the chief comes from Mmedoma. Mmedoma is on theKumasiHampong road. It is about s ix miles from the city of Kumasi.The first chief of Ntuti&, Asare, was enstooled during the reign of Nana OseiKojo. He was among the delegation appointed. by Otumfuo Osei Kojo to fight atBada. He iTent along with the following chiefs.- Dadiedoabahene, Hiawuhene (?Nana Ko), Anantahene, and others.It was on this occasion that Otumfuo ordered that cap guns (ntutia)should bebought.for the war. But cap guns were only'obtainable from1 he oost; *about 300cap guns were obtained the first time. So Otumfuo directed that NanaNtutiaAsaxe should be responsible for these guns, thus creating him Ntutiahene of thestate. He died on the stool, He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Beehene, anephew of Nana Ntutia Asare, during -the reign of King Osei Kwame.He died onthe stool.After the death of Nana Beehene this stool became vacaziti for sometime up tillthe reign of Nana 0.sei. Yaw Akoto. Nd male royal could be found to occupy thestool, so the female royal then alive, who was more or less the Obaapanin, took

charge of the stool. This female administration continued until the reign of NanaOsei Yaw 0koto, when she was able to seoure a royal te oooupy -he stool; he wascalled Obaapanin Dufle Panyin.

- 2So during the reigi of, Nana Osei Yaw Akoto, Nana KwameKwateng, a grandson of Duf{ Panyin, was enstooled as Ntutiahene.The mother ofKwame Kwateng was the daughter of Dufie PanyinAzso Prah. He went to the Akompi (Ewe) war with Owusu Kokoo,Akyempimhene of Kumasi, who was appointed Commander-in Chief of this war.He also went to war tith Adu.Bofuo, Gyasehene of Kumasi, in Ewe laid(To'goland). He died on the stool. He reigned up to the time of Nana MensahBonsu, and was a very old man when he died. He was succeeded on the stool byNana Kwame Poku, a nephew of Kwame Kwateng, who w s enstooled beforeKing Prempeh I was taken to Seychelles. He died. before the NkoVanza war. Hedied on the stool.He was succeeded by his brother, Kwaku Owusu. He went to the Nkoranza warwith Nana Bempa, Aliyempimhene of Kumasi, who was appointed asCommander4n-Chief. .He was on the stool..:when King Prempeh was tamn'away. to Seychelles. He went to the Yaa Asantewa war. He was on the side ofYaa Asantewa in the campaign of 1900. He died. immediately after the war.The. stool then became vacant for some time (about twenty, years)until sometime, about 1920whenNana Ameka, a royal of the stool, became chief, At thattime King Prempeh had not returned from his exile. So Buabasa 'Asubonteng,the Gyaasehene, caused the. enstoolment of the chief in the absence of the King.There was no swearing in ceremony,. but As ela was collected. to mark thesymbolical expression of the occasion. On 0tumfio's return he tookthe oath ofallegiance to him. He died on the stool. He was succeeded on the stool by chiefKwame Asare .II, a descendant of Ntutia Asare, the first chief.He was enstooledon the 28-th June, 1948. He took the bath of allegiance to the presentAsantehene, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. The Ntutiahene swears toOtumfuowith the Ahwehwebaa state sword.

~ 3 -QHIBro OF THE NT=A jTOOLIst Chief a Ntutla Åsare2M 11 Beehene3M Obaapanin Durie Penyin4th Kwame Kwateng5th Kwame Poku6th I Kwalcu Owusu7th Ameka8th Kwame Åsare II,(Th.a pm~t Chief)

IAS ace. no. AS. 30Informants :Akwasi Adabanka, present chief stool carrier.Kwame Amo Mmamahene Yaw Adabanka, stool oarrier.Recored l,-::3, Agyeman-DuahDate :45th February, 1963SubJeot :STOOL HITR F BNM1Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.April, 1963

The Nkonguasoafohene has a black stool. He belongs tothe Cyase division of Asantehene. The stool of Nkonguasoafohene isone ofpatrilineal descent. The Nkonguasoafohene goes to the Asantehene withoutpassing through the Gyasehene.Duties of Nkonguasoafohene(a) He carries the Golden Stool during ceremonial occasions.(b) During state sittings of the Asantehene he sits at theback of Asantehene.(o) During normal sittings of the Asantehene he sitB on theAsipim which a junior Nkonguasoafo carries to the placeof sitting.The Nkonguasoafohene swears to the .Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo sword.Military division.Within the Ananta division of Gyase. At this juncture the Nkonguasoafohenecarries the Golden Stool.A.fter ceremonial. occasions the Nkonguasoafohene replaces the golden stool. inits 4cCUs4tomed place.In the absence of Otumfuo it is the Nkonguasoafohene who pours libation duringAkwesidae and Awukidae festivals. When Otumfuo is present it is hisboundenduty to pour libation, but if he is indisposed he directs the Nkonguasoafohene tomake thenecessary libation.The Nkonguasoafo stool was created by Otumfuo Osei Tutu prior to theDenkyerawar with Ntim Gyakari. It is said that Otumfuo Osei Tutu created the stool ofNkonguasoafo on the same day that the Golden Stool was invoked fromthe sky.It is said that the first chief of Nkonguasoafo was Kurobuo.Kurobuo was succeeded by Adabanka, a son of Kurobuo, during the reign ofNana Opoku Ware. He went to the Gyaman war where chief Abo was captured.It is said that the Asantehene went to this war himself. Kurobuo was succeededby Kyekyera, a son of the stool, during the reign of Nana Osei Kwadwo(Kwame?). Kyekyera was succeeded by Amo, during the reign ofNana AgyemanI. Amo was succeeded by

- 2Dabanka Tia whilst Otumfuo was in Seychelles. He did nottake the oath of allegiance - he died before Otumfuo returned from Seychelles.He was succeeded on :the stool by, Bafuo Kwaku Tonto, a sonof the stool. He took the oath of allegiance to Otumfuo Prempeh I on the latter'sreturn from Seychelles. It is said that Otumfuo Prempeh I was in Seychelleswhen he was enstooled. He was succeeded on the stool by Kyeme Afe during thereign of this present King Prempeh II. - He died on the stool and was succeededby Kwadwo Amo during the reign of the present King, Nana Agy.eman PrempehII.Kwadwo Amo abdicated. It is said that this was the first time such an incidenthad happened in the annals of Ashanti history., It is said that. tvo sheep wereslaughtered. He was succeeded by Akwasi AQabanka, the present chief stoolcarrier of the Golden Stool. He has spent almost 21 years on the stool.NOTEIt is said that there is a watchman at the gate of the place where the stoOl are kept.The Nkonguasoafohene, who staysat a far distance from'the l.ng s pk1aoa In quWLqon,

- 3 -CHIEFS OF THE NKONGUASOAFO STOOL.1st Chief Kurobuo2nd Adabanka3rd Kyekyera4th Amo5th Dabanak Tia6th Bafuo Kwaku Tonto7th " Kyeme Ate8th " Kwadwo Amo tabdoat&)9th Akwasi Adabanka(The Present Chief)

lAS ace. no. AS. 31Informants :(Miscellaneous collection)Recorded by :Date :Subj ec :J. Agyeman-Duah9th January, 1963NFANING OF ERONTI AND AIKVAI'.m CLANS,Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.Imayp 1963class i c__ation.

RONTIThe word Kr.mti is said to have been derived from Ko(fighting) and Tirn (head), for the Krontihene was commander ofthe army in theevent of the chief himself not going to war. In Ashanti AJwamuhene Ls theconfrere and -second in command of the Krontihene, the offices of these twobeing almost inseparably linked in the court of Asantehe-e.A10.AMtJIt is claimed in the :tradition. of Kumasi that prior to the reign, of NanaOsei Tutu,the first AXsantehen'e, there wais nothing like he Akwamu, clan.. It will berecalled that prior to thisreign .the Commander,,n-Chief if the Kumasi Di-visionInfantry-Army ' was the Asafohenp who was, also known in high traditionaloircles as Akyamfi6. . No doubt King Osei Tutu must have learnt somemilitarytactics from the .AkamuEii pire as a result of thb hegemony of the' reigngXing,Ajsa Sasraku.So on the proclamation of Osei Tutu as Asantehene his first move was theconsolidation of'his army under a military head. King Osei: Tut a6ppinte'd hisown miitary head -* hat is, for the Kumasi s-tate)in the person of the Xrontiheneof Kumasi.. The position of. Asafohene as the Commanderin-Chief ofthe statewas reorganized., The body of'troops appointed by Akwamuhene Ansa" Sasrakuto aocomnpany Obarima Osei Tutu on his enthronement. as. the Asanteheneiu.nder the able leadership of the Akwamu ling ist, Anum Asamoah,1 ;' ho,. I hear,"came from tmum.in Southern Ghana, was placed uhder the Agf~hene, ThusKing Osei Tutu abolished the title of Asafohene in-his state and substitutedautomatically made the Head of the Anumfoo, whose name, of course, has nowbeen corrupted into Adumfoo. At present the Adumhene runs next in commandto the Asafohene of Kumasi, who is known as the Akwamuhene.PEACE TIME~ ORGAN'ISATION ASHANTI GOVRNMNDuring pease time orgaiisation, the Nifa, Adonten, Kyidom, etc,, are reoogaisedas Abiremponfoo of Asantehene. They usually call at the King's palace and payhomager,%o him as the" 6d as'l6n de~m~ns. Customary salutation is also of vital'importan'e and indisensable during. peace time Ashanti Government. This is asigno-f fidelity to the King. -. * " ..rTt is also the prerogative of the Iing to refer matter's of -a constitutional nature, ordisputas &rising within a particular olan to them for amicable settlement.

- 2 -It is also the bounden duty of the Abirempong to call at the Ahenfie and toexpress...views on a particular matter that is being investigated .by the King. Theyare also ,to sit by the side of theKing in case of a business meeting of the 'state prjesided over by thp. King. Theyserve, as Councillors and advisers to the King.DEATH DUTY ., ArIBOADIEIn-the old days it was the. established custom of the AshaK. Nation for any chiefor Obirimpong to take possession' of the' property'of a- subject who died without

a surviving member of his pr her family. It was the prerogative of the chiefconcerned to tke ' possession o' the..deceased man' s property.-If, of course,the",""' deceased Yias a person of property qualificatilon' or.a person of means, Itwap the prerogative of the chief concerned to apportion the said property at hisown discretion, by giving part to the deceased 1tmily and taking the rest."'".:,It is.of particular concern to .stress ,the fact. that thod 49 the Asantehene .issupposed to be the Head of the Nation, he.1does not. interfere with the Ayibedieof other. chs, since htehas his own diret' subjects to whose Ayibodie he isentitleA..It is said that it was quite recently that Ayibodie ceased to operate inAshanti.From proceedings of the Kumasi T.raditional Counil it appears thatAyibodieceased to operate in Ashanti-during the reign of King Prempeh I, presumably after'his repa riaition from Seychelle s~ ABIMPONG (OR A ISTOCPACY)Traditi-n has it that there were five principal Abirempong.,so far as the Asante Nation is-'concerned; the Aristocracy consisted ofJuaben,Kokofu, Mampong, Nsuta and Kumawu. Custom has it that whenOteiTutu wasproclaimed King of Ashanti, it was felt incumbnt .upon the nation to includeKokfu in these 'five ruling powers, in thatfit was the place of abode of the King.Kbkofu therefore was :a6eoingly recognised as a place of Abode 6f.,his Royal,,Highness Barima. Osei Tutu. Belit vas therefora, substituted forKokofu.Bodwioh was thereforeito same extent .J4ptified in listing the Aristooracy of -theAsha.ti. N'tion as Jualp, ampong, Io~lfu, Nsuta and Kumasi.--"",

IAS aco. no. AS. 32Informants :Atutuehene Nana Oppong Wadie and EldersRecorded byDate :J. Agyeman-Duah12th October, 1962Subj ect:ATUTUE STOOL HISLORYITstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon,'May, 1963-Classification :

The Atutuchene oomes under thie oategory of the Oyoko Clan. The Oyoko Clanwhich is constituted of theOyokod.uo has t ree Divisions. namely, OyokoAbohyen, Oyoko Atutue.a ancl Gcow Dremång. Baoh dlivision. is of courseindependent on its. own. ,The, Oyokohre no d.oubt ls supposed to be the' mostsenior biotier of t-h! thm~e. The Asa±itehene is the supremb Hféå&do: thé Clanrvan'. It is the. Glan of the Nation. :The Atutuehene 'who is supposej. ., be the- -

sehior brother of' the Oyolco Atutue has' the.. fo1lovwipg brothepp-pnder .M.KDivision(a). Ahenkr,5hene. who has been eleyatqcl a Paraiopuni Chiefby-the present d.hang Government.(b) åtepremaiee(Y-Paupasoherie*The Atutubeen r±r an! independent Chief withziý the-Oyåk; Clani.Heon ooseée the AiÉaathene.at h-is Paae for pakance däthout consul-'tng theOyokýohene .op'. any.*oody. He is no -splaoååirate Chilef' to the Oyolcohene ofKumas±*D Traci.tion"'has it that it is soilyjwhen the Atutuehene ls tadUng the,OaOeýh of. Allagance' beföre OtuakuR ~ that hxis:-jun$to.brothez'a.swear before.iim---öpart .-råm -thåi:s, äermca»±~n~tin i'~jtnirbri~e±soan ai go to: 23ee ti c a4hn at his PslaMe :VororisiiItatiQn.Thé Atutuehene at preserit .8tays at AdenkyemaaoA hat is the area behiäcld teMethodist Churoh, It-is said in old-en d'ays there was a river a*t the preoent areagälled Adenkyremaaso wISåh hå:rbdurää. .erooodåi1es This ,area was thus n«aedafter the crobdilet. Ashanti t~he nai' of' a *~~!le I-s O&erm, plural A&oem. k~ÄdenkIyemaasq, Jgeaning the pl4oe of.thå:orooodiles.The. Stool of .Atutue be-3~~ to* the Royal dien. it isp a. hereditary'Stoöl,passing from uncle to nephew;. It is a Stdål of matrj.lineal desoent. It i.san'=~ooatral Stool, not ost&b Opimsuo w King Oéei, Tutu.'.-A- Tradiodhas 1it that the o.ccupant of thsStool is ai",wayåa nphw d heignt Iee IehAs the right, or privilege to callthe ÅAsatehene Ungle kWoI'a).,.* Tradition alsb häs it tot 'he i s a d.nestio terl'antof' the King.It is séi.d bhat. the L.,tutuehiene.was.cfbrmerl:y th e Chief Liniguist' of the ~.61Cå~tte. No doubt'the Atutuehene was -mong: the delegation that!was"äent toAlcwamu to -bring Ying 08'6i Tutu'to ocoupy thevacait, stoe3. of hit Gýrarduimole- -qbr -eo&. On one" oo ion,'when. the, news of thc-d'éath;o ý KingObiri Yeboah waz..reportedto his-Rdyål Highålecs, Barl:ma Dåe ~dU, a strongman of action, he thought of malking a PaorU±i.oe with AnIza1a Paxi±i,, hisairvut and. fCrieu4

It will be reoalled that Amankwatia Panin waa the Stool oarier. of the."Denkyerahene Who aooompanied.Osei to Akwamu.and then to Kup si, So NanaBoansi, the flrst Atutuehene-to .-be, who was then the.-Chief Linguist ;of theKumasi State and at the same time a member of the Oyoko royal blood, appealedto Xing Osei for compassion Ad King Osei ohanmedhis ind, But the ChiefLinguist rather bought the head of this man, AmankWatia Panin, with the liv'es ofseven strong" men, These men were no doubt killed in cold blood and madesacrifice to King Obiri Yeboah, the Grand uncle f.King Osei ',Tutu. As, a,consequence, the Bantamahehe-let today is obliged by- custom to send anAbradge (rum), ranging from £2 to hZ, to the Attdtuehene before the newBantamahene is allowed to take the Oath .of-alleg.anoe t6 Otumfue the

Asantehene. Reduction of this abrade is at the discretion of the occupant of theAtutue Stool. ,- .1:In olden days the Atutuehene was privile$a to. report to. the Asantehene Por anact of restraint again.it the Bantamahene' -; Elect in dase be. shawed..Mjp ofreluataice .in.the payment of! this Abr.de...It .i-s sa-d that the- Atutuehenld'wars fomerly..the C.hief Lnzguist of KumasiState. * But it so happdied that King :'Osei' Tutu sa. in s'..tae. one daya4d QkomfoAnokye. his spiritual aid econ6mic Adviserafter per:f&6rig - ertaz-* qzxwesaddressed..,he gathering, presumably a business meeting of thestate, and statedinter alia 'thata "great'taboo had fallen on the state in that there was asort. ofgrumbl.ing among, the members of the, Kumasi Traditional Coinci'.as regardstheshare of. the proeeds...that were accrued fremthe ting s Pa.lce,with.. due refereneeto the-determination of oostitUtional eases. The . members of the Kumasi.Traditional Council hid for i'"6ngti me .opil & that the King had cheated themwithout giving 'any perointage of the proceeds. Okomf Anokye, the spiritualAdViser,- revealed this to the gathering and then charged the Atutuehene as theculprist of this dismeanour. . .The* Atutmehene stated without rwsexvation and. minin, of words that he wasquite aware of that fact and aggrieved as 'to the stiate OP;' affairs. TheAtutuehene further stated that as Chief Linguist .of the state he usually, sat in thesun with his stiok to condubt oases 'but when money was collected the' King tookall without ,giVn him a farthing.,Not only was the Chief Linguist aggrieved of'-this natiter but almost all the Chiefsof the Kumasi Traditional Council had grumbled,or to be more emphatie, complained against the King as to the state of affairs. Sothe ing, weighing theipros and cons of the matter, 'and. seeing the.,situation-to beone'..of.Atkxsuil Z enon,' ins'stantly.. elevated the Chief Li-nist to .the post ioi' C2: f .. Ma -.or t

- 3 -his present positioni It is--said there was loud aplpause among themembers of the Kumas± Traditioia C~t~il ' When the 'Chief Linguist madesucha bold statement. So King Osei, an extraorditarlly good administratori furtherdireeted that since the Atutupehne was of Oyoko royal blood, it was nbtproperfor him to sit in the sun to conduot oases of a constitutional nature,,but he shouldsit by his aide or should sit near him whenever he-sat; in state." Ofmifuo furtherdirected that as . result of the boldness of this Chief Linguist in .revealing such asecret which might hae .led to a national crisis he should'always. be endowedwith Predwan, that is £8 every week to mark the symbolical expre:ssion of theoccasion.Since that time the Asantehene ruled 'that all clan Chiefs, Linguists etc. be entitledto .the proceeds that were accrued from the King's household afterthedetermination of a case. The Chief Linguist was charge. with the responsibilityof making such apporionmet* Therefore sharing. of prooad took place at theKing's palace on DapaeahI that is a dy before tba zlabration of Akwasidae or4=ukudae,

The Akyeamehene'wa' fur'ther charged with the iesponsiility ofmaking suchapportionment at the King's Palace.The Stick of the Chief Linguist Boansi Kofa, the first Atutuehene tobe, was thushaaed over to Kyeaze Saafqh from NsuansewAdum who was thus proclaimedchief lingaist oflbSince that time Okomfo imokye fAwther predidted that Esa Nyansen1miensa(Aire Wood) shoud always be lit at Ahenfie of the..Atutuphoe; failure toact as such would bring a taboo to th9e, ation. ,It is said these trees are still lit bythe Attiehen. Nana Oppone Wadia, evW today at his house,The a y*! y Division to which the ...henbelongs i-s- theAkxap m~ 3a,*..-. .h 4utuelipe Nan Boa si acted".. , ..-.i:)'of the KmasiDivilSe Infantry Army du izg ..U .etwwe n g'.i Tutu andDai'm.ah-e* fpqgh14.at.Abesmr. .It is said he cap~ured the Dormaa K1si andtook him to Kumaik3-i he ,Dormaa Xisi was the_. cgmmanderw.inhohiefof theDormaa 'army; He was the son of Nana Yebo Afari, Dormaahene,Th Atut e w t- the As t Ive% with the opoueao.Sword.

CHIEFS OF TH!E ATUTU STOOLNana Boansi Ko±'u Nana ftweneboa Kodua NanaDaniso:,'Nana Oppong AssamNana Oppong Wadie INanamp on sihNana Adomako-(1 st Chi ef)' (2nd I (3rd t)(5th f(6th '(7thUf .Nana -Obixinipong Koffi Ansah Nana Bosompra '(9th~Nania Ko jo 14o-..(8th Chiet),Chief) '(1oth~ I?Nana Oppong Wadie II (11thThe Atutuehatke went to another w*ar diaJ± the Ware with the Denerap.,rein of Nana .OpokuIt is said -Nana Oppi g Wadle aoted. as, the oommandein-.chj ef of theKumaAiInfantry Armyrand. as~ a result o~f th'e able .leadership of 'this' chi,'T the, headof the Denkyerahenei wasp cut off and-encased.,:4 Ti's 16oae hea v 4a ltr sent to,the -Asantehene, in. Kumasi whilat the Atutuehene.. wii' mn the 'battl'e" Pi'e3A..Whehi the oasqP e. Wa pez at Kumasi it was found .that It was the head of theDenkyrahene. So the:_Atutuehene won the traditional title V'1,eMV~ MO~~v.o.. responibla for' the Outting''a tb&&.,6za&.

Classification A

1962CERESONY OF ENSTOOLMENT OF OTUMUO A SANTEHEN EJ. Agyeman-Duah.Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.May, 1963.Date:IAB aoe, no.AS.- 33

Before I tackle the subject at issue I would like in the firstplace to broaden knowledge with certain characteristic features of theenstoolmentof Chiefs in the Ashanti Community.Although it is a commonplace that Chieftaincy is passing through anunprecedented period of rapid change and innovation in a Republican Ghana ofto-day, when a stool becomes vacant upon the demise, abdication ordestoolmentof a chief, *he Krontihene/Abontendomhene, or next Senior Chief,summons ameeting of the Oman, at which he sends the Gyasehene and a Linguistto theQueen-Mother with the following message:"The Oman is assembledand you areasked to give up the name ofyour candidate for the Stool".Mention must be made of the fact that it is the Oman who asks theOhemaa/Obaapanin for. a candidate. If the Queen-Mother has not made up hermind by then she pleads for a time, -,usually a week, to make srdeoision.The queen-mother may nominate a candidate from amongst the membersof the Stool family in consultation with the Gyasehene and her relatives, but thenomination of a candidate remains her sole responsibility.After due nomination she (Ohemaa) presents her nominee through, theGyaseheneto the Oman who accepts the candidate if:(a) He is deemed to be of anunblemished character.(b) His pedigree is not challenged by any member of the Stoolfamily, any member of wirempi or similar electoral body.(e) He does not suffer from any tabooed physical disability.When a stool beeomes vacant and there is a Queen-Mother, theQueen-Mother, who is the mother of the royals, is asked by the Elderstonominate a royal as candidate for the Stool. After due nomination, theElders willconsult together Tvith the Oman aNout the suitability or otherwise of thecandidate. If the Omah do not aceept the candidate, they should give reasons orprove his unsuitability or ineligiblity.A person can only be disqualified from occupying a Stool if it is proved that he:-

- 2 -(a) is infertile(b) has committed felony(c) is impotent(d) is a habitual drunkard or so

(e) is a gambler(f) is deaf(g) is leprous(h) is in any way deformed (circumcision now excepted)If the disqualification is proved, the Queen-Mother is asked by theOman tonominate another candidate. If the second and third candidates fail toqualify, theOman have the right to nominate a candidate from the royal family. The Queen-M1other then presents the candidate to the Oman at a meeting presided over bythe Krontihene who acts as regent in the absence of a chief. When the Omanaccepts such a candidate, a date is fixed for the ceremony of swearing the Oath ofallegiance.Where the candidate is a Divisional Chief, he is introduced in private to theParamount Chief. If the Paramount Chief has nothing against the candidate, theParamount Chief should accept hiscandidature and fix a date for the new Chief to swear the Oath of allegiance tohim. Where there is a case against the candidate, the matter should first be settledamicably before the swearing of theOath of allegiance. After the Oath of allegiance, the Paramount Chiefwill informthe Governmmnt through the District Commissioner concerned, so that the newChief's name can be gazetted. He will then become a member of the TraditionalCouncil concerned with that particular Area.PARAmOUNT CI3FIn the case of a Paramount Chief, the Queen-Mother and theElders introduce the candidate privately to the Asantehene. If there is nothingagainst the candida-te constitutionally the Oman will inform Otumfuo of the dateon -uhich the new Chief will take the Oath of Office to the Oman. TheAsantehene vll on the appointed date send his linguist to witness this ceremony.The Elders will then send to Otumfuo his share of the Aseda and enquirewhenthe Oman should pre'-:nt their new Chief to swear the Oath of allegiance totheAsantehene. After the swearing of the Oath by the new Paramount Chief theAsantehene will report to the Government for the necessary publication in theGazette.

-3,PIf there happens to be friction between the candidate and theQueen-Mother or any of the Elders, the matter should be settled amicably before adate is fixed for .the taking of the Oath of office.The installation of a Queen-Mother (Obaapanin) has a simple constitutionalmachinery. The Ohene, in consultation with other members of the royal familyelect the Queen-Mother or Obaapanin.After she has been introduced to the immediate elders of thefamale stool, she is publicly proclaimed. She is introduced to the elders as amatter of principle in that they neither can object nor oppose the proclamation.On the other hand when a Queen-Mother' s stool becomes vacant, itis theprerogative of the Chief concerned to nominate a candidate. If the Oman havesomething against her constitutionally and so do not

accept her candidature, the Chief will nominate another candidate.The enstoolment of Otumfuo Asantehene dates as far back as1701, that is during the reign of Nana Osei Tutu, the founder of the AshantiMonarchy, and a direct descendant of the present knowledgeableAshantehene,Nana Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II. Wh th Golden Stool becomes vacant theAsantehemaa assisted by the tahemaa, the Asantehemaa will formally introducethe candidate then bearersare sent to inform all the various Paramount Chiefs in Ashanti as to this choiceand the probable day on which the Asantehene-Elect will take the Oath of Office.As an ancestral worship has its own religion, when the day is at hand, a gong-gong is beateh to invite all and sundry to be present at Kumasi whilst the variousOmanhene send their A1yeamehene (Head Linguist) to represent them andwitness the initial', but first and foremost ceremony of the Asantehene-Elect to beperformed at Bampanase. But in case there arises a difference of opinion as.regards the choice of a candidate, that is if a section of the State accepts thecandidate presented by Asantehemaa and others refuse, or if thereis, nothingconstitutionally against the candidate-Elect but the State still refuses to acceptsuch a eandiature, either the Asantehemaa or Krontihene of Kumasi will informthe Ramponghene about the state of affairs and he will at this stagebe invited as amediator to come all the way from Mampong to Kumasi to settle the dispute. 'Itis however to be noted that it is very unusual for the Mamponghene to impose hiswill on such a constitutional issue, but rather he will intervene andendeavour toreconcile the twofactions. He will remain at Kumasi until a smooth election has been carried outbefore taking leave for Mampong.

When all constitutional disputes have been amicably settled,' thenof course theceremony of the Asantehene-Elect continues. The Asantehemaa on thisceremonial occasion takes her seat in the placeof the Asantehene, but reverts to her own part immediately the Asantehene-Electfinishes taking the Oath of Office. The new Asantehene then takes the Oath ofOffice with the MIjomponsuo Sword in the presence of Asantehemaa (Queen-Mother of Ashanti), all the Kumasi Clan Chiefs, all the Linguists and thepeopleassembled at the Court Yard of Bampanase. He then takes his seat and theChiefs in turn takethe Oath of Allegiance to him.After this ceremony, the new Asantehene will then be entitledto use all the Stool regalia save the Golden Stool, the Busumuru Sword,the StateUmbrella Bo-Aman and Dweteh-Kuduo (Silver-purse) and carrieson wilth hisadministration. The new Asantehene then fixes a time, say in one year, for hiscoronation, and during this period, the necessary preparations for the impendingceremony are ca-=ied on..When the time fixed for the coroiation is at hand, bearers are sent toinform theParamount Chiefs, Divisional Chiefs and all the Chiefs in Ashanti as tothis bigoccasion and they arrive in state on a Saturday, preceding the second Monday,(Nkyidwuo) after an Akwasidae, and are received in state by the newAsanteheneat Nwebraim. Early on the

said Monday, which is traditionally known as "Nkyidwuo', not only theChiefsarrive in state but also a variety of people throng from the differentparts ofAshanti to Kumasi, the capital of the Ashanti Kingdom and the Seat created byAsantehene King Osei Tutu, traditionally known as "Opimsuo" , to witness thecoronation of the newly elected Asantehene. The ceremony which is partlyperformed indoors starts on the said Monday and the new Asantehene at this timesends the following gifts to the occupant of Akyiaa Ama Stool, who is the first"ianny" of Asantehene or to be more emphatic the Asantehene's titular mother atthis time and in whose house at Pampaso the initial ceremony started:(a)OneKente Cloth and Kyimi (Silk Cumerbund)(b) One piece of white shirting(c) One live Sheep(a) One bottle of gin, and(e) One bag of salt.

The same articles except the Kyimi (Silk cumerbund) is sent to theAdfmalaasihene, the only Chief who unsheathes the Busumuru Sword for the newAsantehene to use while taling the customary Oath at Pampaso.As the essence Of ances6ral w'Qrshi is the belief in continuity,.all the ParamountChiefs and Chiefs -in Ashanti, the. Divisional Chiefe, and Chiefs.and a largegathering. assemble at Pampaso in the afternoon. where the Golden Stool, carriedby the Chief Stool carrier with al.the parapherhalia and all the state horns anddrums, which are not. beaten, are brought and placed in an area and theParamount Chiefs Chefs .and all concerned sit around them. Lateron theAsantehene"YElect ii' white Adinkra Cloth and dispossessed of alltheparaphernalia leaves his Palace and immediately proceeds to the Queen-Mother'shouse .to take. leave of her and to receive her blessing. 'After this short but briefceremony. the isantehene-Elect is carried in palanquin by two instea. of" four"-Asuamfo wit' one small umbrella, traditionally knovn as "Akuropong Kyeneye"protecting him from the scorching sun, and at the same time. symbolising hisoffice as a ruler.He takes leave of the Queen-Mother because she has no part atihis time to play in the ceremony- at Pampaso.'When the new Asantehene arrives at Pampaso he greets nobody butwalksmajestically ahead to Pampasohene' s house. The Pampasohene atthis time takes no part in the ceremony, but his mother, the occupant bf Akyiaa -Ama Stool, on this ceremoni'al occasion acts as the Asantehene' s mother. Thoseprivileged to be present at thisjuncture enter a special room where the newAsantehene is locked in and after the inside ceremony is completed theXamponghene (Nifaheneof Ashanti), acting on behalf of all the Chiefs,. instructs the Gyasehene, theAkyeamehene and Nseniehene of Kumasi to request the occupant of the AkyiaaAma Stool to give them her son, 'the Asantehene-Elect, to go and occupy theGolden Stool. She refuses three times, then consents and charges afee ofPeredwan-Esea (99. 6/-). Then she puts down the Asantehene-Elect, whom shehas all this time .been carrying on her back-in the Mente Cloth and puts on. the

'white -shirting, signifying success achieved by her. The Kento- loth she put on atfirst signifies the importance 'and dignity of her titular son whom she has beencarrying on her back. Then he is taken 'to another adjoining roomwhere aqoccupant- of a stool whispers a secret word to him and then he comes out andstands with the Gyasehene, while the Akyeamehene and the Nseniehenereturn to report to the Mam ponghene, and the .Chiefs assembled that,theAsantehene-Elect has been giv'en to them.

At this stage the Adwumakaasinhene is sent for; but he excuses himself on eachoccasion that any one of the sword bearers is sent for him until theBusumuruSword is sent.. He then dresses in the Kente Cloth presented to him and with allthe State Swords followed by the Busumuru in front of him, he at last arrives atPampaso and c6mplimerts nobody but enters the Pampasohene' s house. TheAkyeamehene then informs him that the Asantehene-Elect is about to occupy theGoldenStool and it is the Adwumakaasihenets duty to come and draw the BusumuruSword, the emblem of the Asantehene' s authority and power, from its sheath forhim to take the Oath. Here too the Adwumakasihene declines twice, but on thethird occasion consents and charges Peredwan-Esea (P9 . 6/-) and then draws thesword held by the Busumuruhene From its sheath and gives it to the Asantehene-Elect and whispersthree times certain secret words known by only him to the Asantehene and placesthe Denkyekye on his head. He then puts on the white Cloth instead of the KenteCloth he too was wearing to show his success at performing his importantnational duty. Otumfuo Asantehene-Elect, still in the Yard of Pampasohene'shouse, takes the customary oath there with t1Busumuru Sword, andthen all theregalia except the Golden Stool returned to him, after which the state drumsbegin to soundand the womenfolk sing songs of praise. The Asantehene dances three times to themusic of the Apraeday drums and holds Apim-Asantan (a shield) in his left handand the Busumuru Sword in his right hand respectively and leaves the house andsteps outside.Immediately after the customary Oath, and without complimenting anybodyoutside, the Asantehene dances to the Fontonfrom drums. He then sends theMpomponsuohene to inform the Mamponghene, Nifahene of Ashanti and all theChiefs assembled that he has finished the ceremony at Pampaso and they shouldarch on and wait for him at Dwebraim; at the same time, the Busu a Sword issent to the Queen-Mother with the same message. The purp6se of the meeting atthe Dwebraim is for the Asantehene to prove his ability to command and lead theAsanteman (Asante Nation).Then he returneand puts on war dress and is carried in apalanquin from there to Dviebraim,,vwhere the Queen-Mother of Ashanti, theOmanhene and all the Chiefs remain seated. At this point the Golden Stool isescorted by the Kokofuhene, the Gyasehene, the Nsutahene, the Ankobiahene.and the Manwerehene to the Asantehene' s Palace. The Kokofuheneand theNsutahene in this procession carry their cap guns.

The sitting arrangement at Dwebraim is as follows:-

- 7The Queen-Mother of Ashanti in white dress with Juabenhene,(0yokohene of Ashanti), the Nsutahene (Dakohene of Ashanti) and r.th all the0yoko and Dako Chiefs in full dress sitting around her. The Mamponghene(Nifahene of Ashanti) with all the Nifa (Right Wing) Chiefs, the Adontenhene ofAshanti and all the Adnten Chiefs around him. The Essumingyahene(Benkumhene of Ashanti) with all the Benkum Left Wing) Chiefs around him.Asantehene then arrives in State and, still in war dress, alights fromthe palanquinand inspects the men at arms, walks in front of the Queen-Mother of Ashanti, andthe Oybko and Dako Chiefs, and gives an order to the men at arms to fire, byfiring one gun there himself. Then the men at arms fire simltaneouslyafter him;and he receives the congratulations of the Queen-Mother of Ashanti, theJuabenhene, the Nsutahene, and all the Oyoko and Dako Chiefs by shaking handswith them. From there, he advances to thefront of Mamponghene, the Adontenhene, and the Nifahene (Right Wing) Chiefsand fires the second gun and the men at arms also fire together. Thenhe receivesthe congratulations of the Mamponghene, the Adonteahene and all the Chiefsthere also by shaking hands with them. He proceeds on.to the front oftheEssumingyahene (Benkumhene of Ashanti) and all the 3eakum Chiefs and firesthe third gun to which the men at arms respond by firing as before; then hereceives the congratulations of the' Benkumhene of Ashanti and allthe BenkumChiefs also by shaking hands with them. After the firing, he retires to his Palaceand the Chiefs disperse to get themselves prepared for the midnight. ceremony.During midnight, with the exception of the Mamponghene, all the Omanhene andall the Chiefs arrive at the Palace, in simple dress, without their seats and withonly one Umbrella bearer each, who are turned out immediately the Chiefs arrive.The Golden Stool is thencarried by the Chief Stool carrier, followed by his subordinate colleagues, andbrought out and placed on Banwuma (Elephant Skin) in the middle of theBampanase Court Yard in the midst.of the Chiefs, whiletthe QueenMother ofAshanti, the Queen-Mother of Kokofu and a few senior female royals of theAsantehene stand some yards on the left and the Juabenhene, the Oyokohene andDako Chiefs stand on the right hand side to watch the ceremony. Thenthe ChiefStool Carrier sends the Gyasehene to inform the Asantehene that the Golden Stoolis ready at Bampanase.Asantehene dressed in white Adinkra Cloth lowered to his waist with the Afuduoon, and the Busumuru sword in his left and theXpomponsuo sword on his right, -gold Kantan (Gold Necklace.) and gold Awosoon his neck, Denkyemke (crocodile hat) on his head, and wearing the paboa-Kessie (King Sandals), with his Nhinkwa (attendants), marches majestically to theCourt Yard towards the Golden Stool and halts in front of it.

- 8

Then he turns about and sends the Mpomponsuohene holding the MpomponsuSword (which has now been corrupted into Mpomponsuo Sword) to tell theMamponghene in his house that he is ready for his coronation.The Mamponghene wastes no time but proceeds with his Akyeamehene (HeadLinguist) and on arrival takes his stand with the Nifa Chiefs. Then he advancesalone, and supported by all the Nifa Chiefs, the Adontehnene of Ashanti and allthe Adonten Chiefs, takes hold ofAsantehene right hand. The Essumingyahene supported by all Benkum Chiefsjoin in on his left. The Kronti and the Akwamu Chiefs hold his right foot,andthe Gyase, Ankobia and Manwere Chiefs hold his left foot; the A1empimhene andall the Kyidom Chiefs (Rear guard of Asantehene) hold his waist.The Kokofuhene, at this time holding his cap gun, stands behind the Golden Stoolon the right ; Nsutahene, holding his cap gun also, starjds on the left of the GoldenStool, while the Chief Stool Carrier in white dress holds the GoldenStoolstanding. Asantehene is then lifted up and the Mamponghene reapeats, threetimes, the words "we place you on the Golden Stool of Ashanti with our unitedblessing"; and each time he is placed upon it; then the Queen-Mother of Ashanti,the Queen-Mother of Kokofu., and the women present sing songs ofpraise andthe Asantehene is given to the Asuamfuo (State Palanquin Carriers) whoparryhim in their palms, in charge of the Gyasehene, the Ankobeahene and theManwerehene, to a room called Me-Eda, where he remains quietly till.the nextday, which is "Forbina" (Tuesday).On the morning of this day, Asantehene sends Ntaanu (z16) by a linguist to theHamponghene and again dresses in white and sits instate on a while gold gilded stool to receive the blessings of the Asantehemaa, theKokofuihemaa and all the Chiefs and prominent people priviledged to offer suchblessings.Then the womenfolk sing songs of praise. The Asantehene then distributes sheepand drinks to the Chiefs according to their status, and presents to allwho areentitled to them, and the whole day singing of songs of praise and jubilationcontinues throughout the town. The next day, dressed in fall regalia, theAsantehene again sits in state at the same court yard at Bampanase for theOmanhene (Paramount Chiefs). ad Divisional Chiefs to take leave of him.. Then,the all important ceremony of the enstoolment of the occupant of the GoldenStool, the constitutional Monarch of the Ashanti Nationis completed.

Classifloation :InformantsNana Asenso III, Antoahene Nana Ama Aclutwunuah. ObaapaninNana Boakye Yaw 4, Bafuor Akwesi Akyempong., Abontencibmhene OpanyinAkwesi Nyaanis, Abontendomhene ofAåaa SenahKwaåwo Manfo., Adaasenahene (Nifahene orAntoahene)Recorcled ty .-

Date, :- Subl ec :J, Agyeman-Duah10th February, 1963AM STOOL HISTORYInstitute or Afrioan Studies..University of Ghana.. Legon.May, 1963.IAS ace, no,AS - 34

Å~IX ADA SHORT äJSTORY OF ANTOASUBMITTED BY NÅNÅ BOAM YAM12.21.23MÅRY '11944----;,Nmiå Buansi- Kufo was -thé first Ch±ef of ldomanu 8- tool. He claims tc be the* owner of Antoa*-Stoollåha .'because hewa& the firätsettler of äntoa Stool lana.HOW AD OMANV C~ 2D TO- AA0AN&ha Balchdie;'ftrot Wonoo- dame Ytom Wanoo ancl joined. Nana Buansi: KufoAbusuK Pånin of -Srénl'Clah on Adöäanu Land. Mhen h6c'åme, he aläo*olkýméd to be iln the åääé - olak W'ith Nana Btiansi *ýo 'agreea- to hissettlement theré He therefore changerd the name Alomanu to Antoaas th" had-*téen~ t-ýw6,"'>t6':'set'tle on Mt fancIWNana MumanähýYké"Buans:t Kufo *as:a Chief during the*reign.ofNana KobtaAmamfi. Nahå O:t:L Akehten and kååa Obiri ýéboah, and _went to wååý -withthem. ' M -was täukýg the ieign of Näýna Obiti Yeboåh Nana Salr6lie* damefiýom-Wonoo ancl settled oX the' Btool Land of' Adomariýx,*' Later Mna BuänsiWo ch- -ki" -00MANU toDurlåig the ':Mign pP Nanä Buansil MiPÖ,' the Chief s who 'wété in'thaVåame Nåxia Dwönti Wsö Moto. Naåa qyaråerätiaof Ofinso. an . d Nana ådu~ ' also 26åm Wåno ä It iias attér th e cleath',of -XanaObiri Yoboah that the~Ashanti NåiH on- ägråecl to. enst64 a new Chief. They-agre *ed *to énstool -Nana Amoagyä# of KokofV. -but* he refused.Theytheretäre a tealed to'Naha Kwaku buåbddie--' båt 'hé also refused.-therefore . got ijpaul tolcl thé'ordvid'thatPåteh* Nana Kofi to '6ä thé Chi if :tohe wa going e sucoeed thelate Nåha Obiri Yeboa£, *He "kaid: he wä's the only. person.who* kn-éw'whäre:Sanä öåe Kofl was t *he'wodd *not' go for him unti- 1 'the A68 ti Nåt on*« liaa jýdt a stop-to,,ýh6-follow=g' måädeeas to'waras the 'Antoå Stoiol: :7 .0) AYibuådie, ' (2: Darm'ua (3Y 4henkiäa,' The -Asiifiäritiiv a'ééa upän his* f-equest-ancl told him to go for Osei Kofi. He tfierer6 ä passed hlä sandals:t* histAphew. Sakodlä. tD go to Akcýäåi Pör:ÖÅéf KO fi _.He.vas accompanied byAwiem Boateng..,

du -the "eign- 6:t Nahå Bu* si t6at- it: oååä,«itwas i-!ng r an bethatlf Än'yýp'étson offended, Åsantehené and renclerécl apologjr t rough:' NanaAntoahene; th.én-Nålla Asantéfiene Aould favour that pårty å' This customarylaw stjU remajrýz"ln Antoa tråäitiön.

- 2 -£ äoh by name Men~B~ Ufo, fatåer to 'Åjamt<x jaled afterhe had sent Nana Sarkodje to Dormaa War. 3,02Antoa ..is a family stool.,and a..stool of matrilinQal dgscent.It 'ýjs a'hé ealtaryIt has an ibusua or':Väm.. Y;known as useni e. xstool,- The Antoahene-at present belirigs to the Adonten Clan. (Fekutre) of theAsantehene or Kumasi State"Coun"cilo, He iý9 C;ne of the principal ohlefs inLehanti to occupy the Pioduo stool so createdby Okomfo Anokye. It Is said that Okomfå Anokye created four. Principal Stoolsknown as Poduo. The names- of these . åtbo1W -areBant~ Pocluo,,AdontenPoauo, BantamaBaamuPoduö apdkntqa Föduo,The ýJon tenherLe of Xumasi..1 s kngym as Adonten . Omku superior, chief In -kýiontén ciah 'thå,Antoahen'e-is knovoi 153 and ..MoiiténýAkoten that..1s, Gåneral of.Adoni'ten Glan.. The'Antqahene-gQes;-tä. Asantéh efýr a"pariýyw'.thou assing throuoh th4 ene.The Antoahene swears % the Asantehenå withthe Mýompbilåuo",$*0icl., It issald.that the...äntoA.Ctool is onQ of the oldogst in umac The. w';as in.eýýäte'Oie-äurin g thé'äign 'ör x*OMå Mima2 . .At..,that'time-, the Antoahån* e w-ho. was an. elsler was* calléa it 15 pgiathat.Nana Bpaclåa Jkme an'ano.ciiýess frid A'ý9,n*tlmdl;., t- -0' å r tr,Nänsie* near a place callåd'1ý.miäaie- mii* t»' ..t he . ätber SakodieDate. toXiäas± ýunakom in seUch O-f - 6 p'laåå 'to et, ayo 1 15 said they travellýed to thls plac e, v4th a large ret:Lnue,.cetc', They camp'sn* th theiir stoo4 'th in.a Amekoffi',årea. So Qdmö or the meiljbårs of. thå'-:rätýiiýcusp.grpe!d,..to Nko:rpuga,$. some' tå th'e gricia Ö-PJýtå-å and Mérsto XÅrAu'.Those took a di %ýith, X'åna:. l. - Perent g£ litegtion toBoacla'a,.'boihä ahcl S4jpoclie, :came to mpet än Nana Boahså atthe present Areaof Mtdå9,1 a omanu(it ip,,ssicý'that"t'håre werp'twa tpeeg known aé' Acloma' an'd thätAhis vj-llage*as'thän named after theti). go whein Nåna igoaåaa. Döme 'änd Sakodie met thiselderly person they told him of'théir;nussion, that~~theyyfere in search- of a, pjace,.to stgty,, They later told this man that they'wiereof. thé Aloe elclejrly, maWrespopdeä

that he-also y(io of.;the Asdnie He tola th.eih,.'håwévelý9 that.the arejA In- quåsýiåh väs not his, tierionäý ýtqpérty but.ýthat be..-Wa,åbeing'£6'roed by the åmer ofthe.ýiaiid to,.bu.rýtlie'land _häåti 6n-, orý, evaoUate;« bthezvýse hb Rdulå n't be. per4tté ay withthöm.It is said that the -'01n erý of*t-he 1 . å I n was' D*amen . tia and his,fe Åk t Sp Nai» Baködje -Date And,,.hIs mother wentbrothgr.VIg en~ento see.the. ownär'o£ the atoa for äégotlatiän.,' -Åt 1 ig last the,,.ýap inquestion.,.wa's 8616 to for pre wan.. Minä-n a.2(£99 61w 3) and% a sta+ Ofinsuhene

- 3--.So he 'came and reported to the' elder, who qutwatioallybecame his uncle. So after thisnegotiation Dwamenatia, who was thentheAsonahene, and his brother iafe Akenten, migrated a further distanceand beforecoming to the present Ofinso .AreA' {7hy arrive d at a place calledOdum Anaafo.It is said whilst trav-elling they arrived at this place, when they fouhd a fallen tree'"It is said that at this spot Nana Dwamenata' S Aster, who .was pregant was inlabour so she was taken to the area'in .question- and deliVered. So some peoplewere left at this place with the woman..'- So they Went on. tth therj, ourney to the. present area of O so,: and discaoredthe.icea as such... It is Odum Anaaf.6, still a,illaga of Ofinsohonei'"The people"are Oftinsohene's 1ub06ts.' Nana Sakodie had then established,.his ruling-.dyn ty in thepresent Area ofAntoa. 'It is said that the .zegotiation tok place. ft-ing the, reiM of Nana Kwab aAmanft. It issaid that 'i Wasat this :time that 'the Dormaa War took place atSunt'resu." -At. tha-'"tiee Nana BakoUie.. Date was -on the stool ofAntoa and he:took part" i-.thi first Dormaa War atSuntrepj, Where Ob!..X Yeboa was.1l'ledaIt is said -it -was after the 'dath of .Obiri -Yeb6a, wh enKy- s hee, Nana reduaAzeman, was invited to occupy the Kumaai 8sto'ol, ' "'" refused as such. So it'is saidthat dfter the refus.al-.of the SA0o! by the Kenyasehene there vatno suiitableperson of% the .Oyoko. Clai. 'to occupy. the Aben Dwa, Whilst sitting at.'ameeting of the Xumasi Counoil of. Chiefs a servant of Nana Sakodie,by. nameDate gave his.. Master Nana Sakodie a push, and. told him that he. as a wandererga a servant of Nana Sakohie, knew the whereabouts of Barima Osei Kwame whowas then inAkamu. '. .. ' "So Nana Sakodie .informea the King's Chiefs that he .wo6uld 'bring this Royal to occupy the Vacant stool, of...Kumasi, ' Ths p psa!... wasaccepted by the Kumasi chiefs. The following chiefs and. pecple headed byNana Sarkodie were appo±hted to fetch him:. Nana Sakodie. Date2.2 Nana Boa4e Iuo (then Altyeamehene who be6ame .Atutuehene)3. Adwu-ndw aseh6ne.. 'Ahd others fnames forgotten]

.So King Os'e was brbught.-to Kumasi, Nana Sarkodie went..to. War with Na,QIj T tth 1 s D aabr Alm, ' and returnehome uftgpthed.

The title of Date wa. conferred by King Osaei o Zskmde a& anapp elatin,.The Podue Stool was created 'for the Antoa Stool before, the Dormaa War wioh°took place at Abesim.Nana Sakodie Date went to the Denkyira 7'ar where Ntim Gyakari. waskilled atFehyiase. Nana Sakodie Date was 'Succeeded on the stool by his brother, NanaBoakye Anim.4'Hie wenit -to "W~ar vrith Nane. O~okk&'7are when chief Abo of Gyaman wasldlled."Nana Boakye Anim was succeeded on 'the 'sool by;."Nana P6 i Agyemanduring the reign of this same-chief Nana Opoi Ware. He went /to the Takyima,Wart where chief Ameyaw, the Takyimanhene was captured.Nana Asenso. Panin succeeded Nana :Opoku Agvemah' on the dto.l during thereign of Nana Osei Kwadwb, Asantehene, the 'great fighting Kingwho fought inthe broad day-light. He went to the Worasa 71ar. He was succeeded on- the stoolby 'Nana Asenso iI a brother "of Nana Asenso diiring the rei b f Nana 0seiKwame . the Asantehene. 4 Na..a. Asenso Ii was stcceeedd on the st0ol by NanaKwai On ii..his n."A. .*. during .th- reign of Nana Osei-YvW k.oto.Re. wasAesto0Ied'" fQr .m administrat -.n, He was sucoeeded on the :stool .by Nana:Obiri' Yaw°-during the reign of Nana, Agyman I. '"He was s -Su'c'eeded on ""tiesto'ol bY Nana Antua -Mensah, a royal of the stool,, during the .reign of. NanaKwMaku'.Da IT.' He was on the stool when 'the civil: V7i connectod with KingPrempeh I' 6 :-ensto0lment took pla. NanA Heniah' Panin, it s said wai: sthe s6nof Nana Agyemaz (KWaku Dua I) .He was dstobled bjy.: the BritishGovernmentduring the Yaa Aaantewa Wax. He was succeed on the' sool by Naa KwemeDuko, a nephew of Nana MLnsah Pazin, i. Yaa Asintewaa's time whiltOtmUifuowas i"exile in& Seychelles . He. did; hof take. the Oath of allegiance to.Asantehei . ' He tded' eight ys. after 'his 6restoolment, He'took'the oath'ofalleiantce to the Adantenhene with his ordinary sword, because at that time theMpemponsuo Swor. was not used. He was succeeded on the stool by NanaKwaku Wire, his brother, -during the Yaa ASanteaa War; he iWas on. the. st6o1 -6r 25 yearsi: Otumifuo did not 6ome to meet 'him. He died' on thb stool.. He w assUoceeded' oh the -stool by Nana K6"ben4:Adu, his br'6thers during the time of"Xing Prempeh I after 'his retur'n 'froSm"eychelies Island. Heswore to Otumfuoon his return from .Seychelles with the1,pomponsuo Swar""He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kofi Adusei, a royal of the stool, He wasenstooled during the reign of King Prempeh I, and was about nine years on t hestool,' lie :.was destooled for mal-t: administration. He was succeeded on thestool by Abankwa during thereign of. thts pqresent King, Naa4.,4Wrem-Prempeh..II. He'was'dastooled formalPadanistration.. The.re.-orr qf. ti .st tgok an inentory ef thestool regalia, He

has bean succeeded on the stool by.'Nana'-' Asenso III, the present chief of Antoa.He took the oath of Allegiance to the present Asatehens with the Mpomponwb .o-wvrd, He was enstooled on November, 11th, 19$5 He is a 4awsndnt of NanaSakodie Date.

CHIEFB OF ANTOA. STOOL1.2.3.5.6.7.8.9.lo. 11.12. 13.Nana ritti ti 11Sakodie Date Boakye .Anim Poloi Agyernan Asenso Panin Asenso IIKwakuOnyinah Obiri Yaw Antua Mensah Kka me Duko Kwaku VTare Kwabena AduKofi Adusei Asenso III(destooled) (destooled1) (destooled)

c asfoat ion : lSao o SNana Owvusu Ansah II Osei Kwjakai, grand son Nana Nyearko Afriyie KyeameKivame GyameRecorded bof the stool- ObaapaninJ. Agyeman-Duah24th January, 1963KAASE STOOL HISTORYirnstitute of .frican Stud.ies, University of Ghana, Legon.MLAY, 1963Date:Subjieot ,IAS acc, no,As 35

Xaaou~,.6.a to the- Gy~~5 1Dipiion1 of the i\settebane.1~e s o theEduna len (Abusua).6 .,He swear., to the. ~Amntehene with ,the4mpmsuc, Sworci. Prior to the teign of Nana Oti Äwere, lias Twum Antwi, he-was an independent chief.' It i s said that Twum was his real name, but Antwi an -

appeiLlation, It is said. that. .Twum and kntvå were Just emplorers, they were notrulers, I i seid that it uas durjn_.g týhe .reign of Näna Opo1k.,Älire that. hewas mjaåe töo serve. Åsattehenié .tbrcugh the Anantahene,, He oannot oall on theKing at the present time i=less, he con sulis theA nantahe ne, -e bel*ongs to -ther.ysse PivisiQn. of. the ICingit ý sa14. thdt. the Xlaase s..o 1oåine clown f-rom the. sky asa pl.ace knåw-.És -Nauta Atwia Buoho The stood was in the form o >.tw±abaa (Gold.) inalud±n> -beads, "(Bota) a chea Boo) og with'fire in the. mouth, and a froög was also inoluded. Appellation:~~iaAtwa Äbad&,o±iveri~e ma sto e.&g it is the fProt thata~ty 8pp.a~-te GocI, ter rainfall . n omse .*f soaroity, of waerThe anoestress of kaase Stcol* te Obaapänin Poku;, Oba~p± Pokui,; it Åssaid,brought ft1i twinas namely Attah Panin =~d &tt.h Kimh. Th third. daughter asNuro, 'tjho journied to JaohiJe. It is said ObMApanin Pokua 4lso 6ev bnhtå thefoilloi7ing' childxån:- Ådu Kwaw', Nana Taznoab Kufuor and NanaiLko Bensua.From Nsauta they ipame ,rig lt dlom~ -to the present. arýea of Käaase,, with their-retinue*, Iaase is about f our miles -frodm.the, present seat of Kuma s1* Kaaseis one of' the original. o - fowi&,Rtion ~u<ners of' iumasi.It is sazld thak vihen, they lande& at Kunä-s, it yras a dense. tlzockforäst. ' Theymet. nobody at 'the preacnt area ofý Kume, At~ t}lat time. the. prosent. area ofKumati ras -kxovn as.. Kwaman.g .mesning the Oman o±'LKwaýw. Kwaw wAsa. descepdant of Obaap&-in Poku. On theix' arriai. at. Ruimasi .a. dispute aroseomone the 1members of the f'amily.. It is.said .that .%the .Eduana 'peoge arealways fond of quaeling,,or.fi ght.n g, So Nana. Yamoah';..Efuor lett Wiith some,meibet's of' the.farnly.. .and -.stationed himse1fC. at' a village' oalledAÅpi*Åyinasi. W}4lst. there, they became ho~d in and as et resiýlt .of. theinoreas-eof population they läft the Place for. Bekwai -Äbudom.Naria T awiahana others were lef't,,there, .A. fux'ther dlispe r se, o Nia Yäciah andl his retinnewho had lett for Abudom eould not~come back' .again to Pick up their rela'ti.vesat Ap±oanyinaii Coniequewntly Nana Tawiah and others left for Jachie. This is avillage on the IKokofu road.. It I.s said that t'.ey were all relattVes. It is said *thatthe., Kaace slocil, 1s an ancestra1. stool of Nana- ,ttali Pånä=. vanR. 6QYagra, itis -eaid,. was the first mon «of' X~~' Atta PrNia t~ o opipy the gtool orIaaagÅtthi-s t4me, lt ,is.a± thäeg Tva5 no 1iäe Chief in Kumgsl.

- 2-ion- was .oo1 b- Nåna. Baaye Slak*k.t is i4me it. . *s -s aIid thez'.e-.w no ~umsihené -or Asantehene. Hoewas aygunger,'..biother of Naåa.. Cyamerä.'' It is 'said~'th*at 'Attah Panin. b,3gat thef'ollowin ~ n' - ymrBaaye, Nana'Kuii Paå naa'.kw OP.Koo, Boakyeywäh. .-. ., .Iti.5. gaid.,af'ter Twuz' -ana. intw' ha surveyed ths -lana o, v Kumasi, Nana 'OtiAwere oame from KikofN to take-possessioi' of"the'. present Kuma3i*landls, thenlaiown a s Kvamang. He urged. the Kaasehene Nana,,Bajgyq to. seyve underhim. Nä.na'Oti Aviere wt. -~later"date, made -the_. necessary 'prpatintoih

"arstteKaehG But.-the lýaaehene .wc>ld-.nQt- givé' wajr:andwar ensued. *" O'tiÅwer_3. t is såid, wasdfeate.. In a secäond. 'battle Oti. Awere wasocéc,ågAindef'eatea-, Bo atý a7_lat er dt au. .wré ä. . eeec-bfbnOti Akenten. .iSe also -tried to ftght LtItie Kaasehfe."- _T40 thirdattempt..alao.fai 1. efter makirig-the'ýneölesäry±:é införeemenltå'-to.meet'the Kaapehene..' '.bii Aicenten wås sucoe.eded',by N-an'a Obiri "Yebdah.*' 'It'issaid, that it wasduring the reigi of Nana Obii.Yeb'6ah tkit' Nanå Baayé, Kaase Chief,-di.ed on thestool. ile was succeeded on the, stool. by Ko Ampa, a brother of AlanaBaaye. 'It -i'.'ai . d~I4.: th_ :, reign of Nana Obiri Yeboah- only -onv- fiLght ehsuied.' - tiai thattheKa. q.~ fough:t;. meroilessly a9M won; the åPpellation Ko AmD~ (areal±'ighter). It is sald that he defeated King Obiri Yeboali in toto. ' It issaid that thiswar took place prior to t49 Dorma. War with Obiri Yebogh a.t, Suatrteåu, *ObiriL.Yebpoah no & oubt .-a.s?åuoeeded by Nåaa Osej :Tutu.g At this tiýMNan'a KoAxupc was'o- teso1 Nana Oseäl Tu.tu wa ed.wa.r with this,,chief,' but'it ivas a 'iur' é was &ef'eated. .*' later date Okomf.o ,noky .-pred.ieted ttKigOeV*Tutxl should not attempt to make warwith, theKaase: ghief beoause -an y attemptý.ý. would bring dipasterý. $o Okomfå -Anoxye, ådvised Iuin*'g'Osei"t form an alliance with this. chief of-Kaase. . *-SWYT f~lS b~m'uil d. Okomfo Anokye adlvil3ecl Kiz4g Osei +oo:Tmarvy from'the K.:aase 2!.oy-alfmiy and inter-marriage ensued. A.«sheet il-~as 'broiight< adoetn mroles performed to this effeot. The name of. the vonäan was Abir'agi-Manu; she marriedl. KiLng OseiTutu.j. .-ie 'Stayed Vä4th this'Iwoman for *sometime. The sheep, it is said,. was slaughtered. at a later-date, It is saidthat thebrother-in-lav' 'of King Osål Tutu, -*by name Od.éhye .Dadlaa Odiko, died after aprotramted 1llriääs a-s a~ result' of é ätiig part of the sheep. JI'is* sald '.that thediåsh"-had 'been-puiiosely do otored against Odehye Dadaa, 04k ..*:ý I- i a&~ht i wao. ~ . andgallant man, so when he died'Nana Panteh, t en chief of Kaase, though it meet andproper to inform. the Xing as suoh. Nana Danteh, it is sald, was a brother of NanaOko-Ampa,- The necessary oustomary rites wfere performed atthe fineral byKing Osei Tutu.

- 3He then asked when the real funeral would take place. The funeral was fixed forthe 40th day Anniversary, and the King was accordingly informed,When thetime drew near, he expressed his willingness to attend the funeral in person.So on the 40th day the king attended the funeral. This was announcedpubliclyThe King attended the funeral himself and exchanged greetings withtheKaasehene. He informed the Kaasehene that he was about to give some guns as asymbolical expressiz for his brother-in-law, Then suddenly war ensued. It issaid that almost all the Kaase people were made to line up as a sign oftoken.Then they were shot one by one, and all the remaining Kaase people took to theirheels4 There was a complete coup or uproar; he Kaasehene, Nana Dantehj wascaptured and taken a prisoner. He was niek-named Okra-Amanyina (t at is he

should be responsible for the welfare of the state as from that date).It is saidthat the Ting gave him a slap on the head, All the royals of Kaase fled toBawhwire on the French Ivory Coast; some left for Sefwi Anwiaso; only a fewpeople left, They were ordered to serve the Bantamaheneuntil a later date when the King would know where to house these people. Thuscame about the name of Kaase (that is "the residue"). Formerly the area inquestion was known as Kwamang. The Bantamahene, it is said, was afraid ofthe Kaase people because they were like the Greeks ("you must fearthe Greekseven if they give you gifts"), so he handed them over to the Akwaboahene.It is said that at a later date the Bantamahene instructed the Akaaboahene torebuild his dilapidated house for him. The Kaase people, still underBantamahene, were wild; the Kaasehene was infuriated about this unhappy stateof affairs and informed King Osei Tutu, The Bantamahene, it is said, wasbrought before the King for such audacity* The King, it is said, became annoyedabout this matter. So he ordered that the Kaasehene should not serve under him(Bantamahene) any longer. The King asked the Kaasehene to exereisepatiencewhilst he created a separate group or Fokuo for him. This it is said, was aprevaricating statement on the point of the king. It is said that the king had nitcreated this group before his death. Nana Damptey, it is said, diedat a later date,Nana Damptey was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwasi Koo during the reignof Nana Opoku Ware. It was during the reign of Nana 0poku Ware that theKaasehene was sent to the Gyase Division, under the category of the Asantehene.Nana Akwasi Koo was succeeded by Nana Safo, a nephew* He was more than acentenarian. Nana Safo Was sueoee4ed on the stool by Nana Boakye Bobi. It issaid he was the sonk of Nana Agyeman--* Ki -& .w1(ak Dua I,

-Li. -He was succeeded oil The stool by Owusu He was also a son of Nana Agyeman -King Kwaku was succeeded on the stool by Nana Owusu Yaw. Nana MensahBonsu.Ansah, his brother, Duah I. He He was a son ofNaha Owuu Yaw was succeededon the stool by Ousu Domi a son of KinAgi.',He w!as succeeded on the stool by KofiBraha, a tephew of Owusu'Domi. He was succeeded on the: tool.by NmxAn Owusu Ansah II, the present Kaasehene. He was enstooled in 1936.He. is still 'theoccupant. He is about 1+9 years old.1 eas ld

- 5-..CHES OF,-YJE .STOOL1st Chief - Nana Gyaxnera2nd it - Baaye Siakwn3rcl. o - Ko-Ampa4~th - Danteh5th '~ - Kwasi K~oo6th " - Safo

7th " - Boa1~je Bobi8th " - Owviiu AnS44%9tha - Owuisu Yawi10th ft - Nana Owusu Dibmi11th " - Kofi Sraha12th " - Ovrusu Ansah T

IAS ace. no. AS. 36Informant :Kofi Achampong, 11paboaheneRecordedb:J. Agyeman-DuahDate :Subj ect20th March, 1963STOOL HISTORY OF MPABOAHENE ANDALS CHIEF OF ASANTEHENEInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon,,.May, 1963Class 3'

The pabdoahene of Asantehene.has a blaok'sto6l. He s*ears to the As.ptehenewith the Ahwehwebaa sword. The Ahwehwebaa sword is a .swrd of lesssign.ficanoe. than the Mpomponsuo sword. It is a stool of matrilineal desoent.This sto0ol was created by King Osei Tutu, Opimsuo,'" It is said io hav-e b~encreated before the Derkyira war with Nt:Lm G-yari.The,-maix \/ ,,1., . . :~ 2,c duties of: the, *ilpaboahene are as follows:The Mpaboahene is responsible'forthe safe-keeping 'of the Golden Sandals of: Asantehene. Heis~responsib.e for"putting the sandals on. the King s feet'.3. He- is responsible for the keeping, of MpaboaKessiethe great, sandals. It is said that the Mpaboa Kessiecontain medicine and are worn.by the King on speoial occasions, sucI as wartime, businebs meeting-O f the,state,- eta.4. He is responsible for all the various sandals of Asantehene, e.g,, goldensandals, silver sandals, etc.It is .said that the golden sandals of Asantehene are- worn on festive ocecasions and when going.to Akrafieso(plate of ancestral worship). The silVer sandals are also worn at thediscretion ofthe King. It is saidthat they can be worn when going to the plaoe of worshipor just at normal sittings..

The first'chief of this stool was called Gyeabuor. He went to the Denkra war atFehyiase, where Ntim Gyakari, the Denkyira Ohief, was efeated anddecapitatedby the Ashentis.Gyeabuor was succeeded.on the stool by Beresah. He was a brother of chiefGyeabuer. He went to the Takyiman war in which Ameyaw, theTalIimanhene, was defeated and beheaded by -the Ashantis during the reign ofKing Opelea ';Tare, Asanteheme. He also went to the Gyaman war, in the reig ofAsantehene Opoku Ware, inw' hioh Abo Kofi, the Gyamanhene, was defeated anddecapitated by the Ashanvis. He was on the stool in the reign of Kusi BOIm, .Chief Beresah, was succeeded on the stolo. during:the reign of NatiaOseiKwadwo by Asare. He went .to the Banda war where Worosa, the ohiefofBanda, was eapt&red and beheaded by the Ashantise Asare ;as a brother ofBesah.

- 2-.Asare was suoeeed on the stool by his nep4ew, Gyealuor. It iå- said.htcGyeabuor was on thé stool djuring~the reign of Nana Osei .AsibeBonsu,Asantehene. - C.yeabuor went t~o the Fanti Par, .where at Anomabuthe King,'Osei BoiistiPanylnF alias 0Ösel Tutu i Kämeý., for the firåt time inthe annals ofAåhanti histor'y placed the state .swcrflÄirto the sea, winning the traditionalappellation of "Bonsu", meahdng"the destroyer of the sea". Gyeabuor also went tothe Gyainan war where Ainkra, the.iymneQ was captured and'beheaded by _the,Ahantis.Gyeabuor was succeeled on .,the stool by. G.ygabuor-" III..It issaid that he was a brother of i±s pre deoe ssor.. Qyegbuör It. He wason the stoolin the rein .of Man asi-a Ako Hewet tv theAkatamå.nsu war and die .d on the' battlefleldl, The cause of his deathý was duetp the faot that one divisionof the. Ashani army was led by Opoku Ferefere, thebrave o191, (Qyasehenie of Åsantåhete,.ard. anther by the Akcwanughe e. - pfKumasi- Bhtes ison 'had sm1z-dus presumatl y JPrempe drumsj, - hi:Ls.t -the.-Akvamiheäé.-,ras.. äö!åufiing hit* drum after the-defeat of the- 4oär&, ,he,.hewrdan6ther ýr'empe 'dnåu souýicinjg in the air, . andf thought that it was .some of the&oäras-who had gathered againi and were trying to foil' his'vi ätory' go he anIdhis men pressei4 forward And.foqght,.f<>r :2azost the ,whol'o1*cýP-fthe next dayagp..n '' +Ilpv t h h.. the eenjy whoha& äo'un49d .t~-Prempe drum against themi,Notc:The Fr~np druin leadls .the whoie pirocession ot -the a&ve.nce group of theAshaiiti. army. This dnim käs made for öi~ sel Tutv- *About 17,OO.It is beatenwith one stiok and so In otherkan st- tes it is oalled Duakoro.GY6äThor. III was thus sucoee44~ -on the stool by Kwaädwo 73riinpoäg,1 anephew of the stool, dluring the reiép of Nana Agyeman, alias Nan.. Kwaým.Dugh II, the least pugn'acioua..Ahanti Kingä'and-. pkesi abl*he rio hest*." ~ t .sa aid that, this. Qhief, wes al-sa mn the stojol: 1. reign of Asantihene Kofi.Karikari. Ha d-o tevÅ~nehreNiMenQahBonsu. He died, at a. er*y ripe ol&:-age.- -----Kivadwo FYrimpöng yr sfoll9wed- on thoý :Xtoöl býy»"hisý brä6ther, KwabenÉ Frimpong, inj_ the flrctr

part:,of the - rcsip. of, Ijinl PrMI. 1- I said that hawent to .thgý Nkoz'anxa.wardlurine- thök. first part *-f hv'M n v~Pr'~peh ..19, died on. the .1o bOoeKiaWmpek~ was taxe~n to Seyc'_-es1 by the Dx..[i~±s~

Kwabena Frimpong was followed on the stool by. one Gyeabuor fromAtebubu, ason of the stool, after the Yaa Asantewa .war of 1900. This appointment, it is said,was made by the Crown. Though GyeabuorAtebubu died on the stoolhis stoolhas not yet been smoked because he was not regarded as a true royal of the stool.It is said that after the death of this chief the stool becamevacant for a considerable length of time before King .Pretpeh I returned fromSeyehelles.,.On the repatriation ,p:King Prempeh I from Seychelles KwadwoKyei, a keen royal of th6 stool, was enstooled as Mpaboahene. He diedafter twoyears' reign,Kwadwo Kyei was followed on the stool by Kwabena Nketia, hisbrother, in the reign of this same King, Nana Prempeh I.Kwabena Nketia was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, Kofi Aehampong,who is the.,present Mpaboahene - Sandals chief of Asantehene. Hetook the oathof alegiance to the present reigning monaroh, Sir O sei Agyeman Prempeh II,with tha Ahwehviwa sword. He ha& been on thie ztoca XOT. over 25 yara,

- 4 ---'CHIEFS: OF THE IýýGA STOMlst Chief' t Gyeaýuor i2hcl ýBeiýesah3rd Asare;.:4th- dyeå, otil.5th Gyeabuor IIX6th Kwa:dývd Pri4ong7th Kwabena Primpong8th ý"-'-Gyeabuor-.(,fýrom-Åtebxýbu)KyéilOth Kwabena Nketiallth Kofi Achampong

IAS aoo. no. AS . 37Kwabena Odwo, Yenryawosohene(King's wife)Recorded by :J. Agyeman-DuahDate15th March, 1963SubJept :KODUA TOPA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies,.University of Ghana, Legan..May, 1963

, -4-01assi..!oat£on*

This sool w e dreated by King Osei Tutu. - :.'Tt~is. said that Kodua Topa was a woman from Akim Gyapa Suom,,a village nearAnyiam . It is said that she became the wife of Asantehene Nana Osei Tutu.Before her. engagement al the wife of Asantehene, it is said that theChiefLinguftt of Asantehene, by name Safie, met her on the way side upon theinstructions of the King at Amakom ._anI direeot~dherito the harem of the King.TheV oman was hospit*ably:reeived by the King and beoame one 6f'his'" belowei ves. ' -' . :At a subsequent date a stool was created by the King " for this woman, Adth aviea to establishing her .in Ashanti. The King., it is said, provided her with specialsubjects who.. were ta become her persenal attendants. *..ole further gave, hot. anative-sword called Panpankara, which is still kept .s paz' of the regalia of. the.Kadtia Tpa:- stool. It is said that as :: - token of respect the Kind furher gave her'vast lands which form the present area of Detyemso, now known as Yennyawoso.In addition he gave her other things of value.After the death "of. King Osei Tuta this' woman became, the wife. of KingOpokaWave. - Th. Ashanti. the la. of lexi-baecom s .~o effect. aft.4 :ths d.ath of agreat Kin . It. ibr :a also sod ,.tha+. -after. the :Talyiman war, fought wi-th.Ahemyaw . when the.treasu, of.7,-thechief was taken by the Ashntis " seve~ralvalusblw orngmebtb. were sbnt to this woman' . app reiation. of -her-'go luck.IT is said traditio-iOisl tha* the Sanahene of: the Talyimanhene was-taken by the'santi" t.r, Kumasi, This woman is said to:have died in the reign of King,. OpokaWare.It is said that after her death King Opoku Ware ruled. that as a tokenof respecther stool. should.be. smoked, s. e she wa' of the' obitebus Aklm jobility and hadbrought her personal attendants, numberIng 500, from. Aldm... Consequently herstool was blackened and occupied bi'her senior brother at.the command of +he n erfs name-was. Yaw N1wvra.Yaw Nkywa, i t is said, became the official successor of this woman, Traitionhas it that once:Yay..Vera became the male successor. this female .st.oY wasturned into a. male ptool,, Even toda, + b ocuat of the. stool is known ii -hightraditional oiroleaga- "~the aCn~ As idf 4.. &1+2x a mkale.

- 2During the office. of Ynsv. Ilky-era., it is Saicl,.* the. Sat ene or Takyiman, bynwe Ankoma, nho --!ý,s taken prisoner during the Ashanti* invasionÄn the -reign of Ring.Opoku- Ware., -was handed by tbé'.«KingÄo Yäv NI<yera:ft-e behis subjeot,;Yaw Nkyera., it is serid., vras succeeded on the stool by Akora Kkaku. a..:ýativcof...YaxmNkyeraý -in thprei.gn' of KUsj. Boduýa., Åsaht.ehenei

Akora. Ywaku. was .succpeded. on the.stool by Butåiakåa~ a brother',of Aköra -Kjgkg,,,.-in.,;the ---relgn of'..King Osei K*aclwåy Åsantehene. Butuakra wassuoceecled on'the stool by . Oberig Kwadsvo. a brother ofButualm,in the reign ofÅsanteheng Nana 0«.!,Kwenýc.Cý kmclvro.was suqq-eeded-on the stool--..:by Aäom.Xunt<xiw'a relative of thestooly in. t e - ro-4n. -of NågÄ&-.lorysu PanYIK, - - Aaantähcxýe,* Tt ýs -caid -tlýat. it +the. rel-gnmf .-Agantehone., Nana Bonsu 1ýarorln -ýhat -theoqqmpgitý.: Qfý th-I.4 stooL.was~.;-.-.5~-.Åhe - Gya åcm.U, -rusi ;thiw.transkpr 7e'd ..to the, .,ånon.omsa ,grpup. Ondng,It is sald that after a hazaraous return journey fromthe Gyaman w 9. AalAlwa, tlxq;,Gyaman ý Chléf, had1.-beenileoap:Ltat d , Ung Nana,BvnsuPa äsantéhené. chd-:went -'to' thebattlefteld in h-Is -capaelty.- as OtLpurukwoW Offill 1 änt muý restecl at ÄIýQ_.prowent aregc,..of-Bremari6ý.: ana -arafåk -Schnappa there. As &x,%su-lt thip-ý pIPLc e vTascalled B2ýemang,*-,taoMUg!''' that he had ieu.ff erled. £Qr-..the nation. It- i-s -satå,:th-at',ther-'nJ.ngoreated the An mo: to, be'-the chiéf.-.Pe äpo:gålble -- fot Uýv'Åsant . pnCz-Arinks. on ~that. very. dayý. oni this very day alco-tämt -the K=gordereäf.ý the trans;Cér of, the of the* .Ilaua te the Anonom5a group..XoteThe Bretarighen-e; å s å dåýlnlte véjrsi6Ä Qf týig,. namýng-.-,o:C::B-ronwngýätýý naa, twöéédéa bp the'. stool -,.by Awe Kwamq.... aur:Lng''the'-'r'o'å:ýnyäw* äý A san tehto. .ene, - It-iasaid tliätlthiå ohleäf diod auving th e Tep<)nsj' S ä war - Akatamansu 7uar,HÖ~*Vma, 4&8d ý . bi- "bröthér., , M Y obattlefl*elå. lt iä 9 'd t'hat Älåýi tä'ä. was e:King Prempéh ä:5 keri -'é4lg. 9 d' 'b Åsantema waxý dr 1-9009,

Amo Yaw was sucoeeded on the stool' by Amanuva, - arelative of the stool, whilst King Prempeh was in Seyehelles, that is during theadministration of Captain Fuller. He died &n the stool, ..AmankTa was suooeeded, on the stool.by Akwasi Adai, whilstthe King was still in exile. He died on the King s return from exile.,Alcasi Adai was succeeded on the stool by.Kofi Ampontuah furing the secondpart 6ff he reign of King Prempeh I, that is after his repatriation fromSeychelles.Kofi Ampontuahw as succeeded on the. stool:by the present ohief,KwabenaOdwo, " It'iis aid that he took the oath of alle 'ance to the present reigningMonarch with-o.e ihmhwebaa

CHIEFS OF. . LODUA, TOPk. STOOL 1-7lat Chief Ko clu a Topa (female).2ri:å Yaw kkyézýå3rå Akora Kimku4th

5th Obtn-g C*adwå:6th ~Möfli KuhtAwi nv7th åte8th Amo YawAmaninvai Oth Akwasj Adaii i tji Koft AmpontuahUth Kwabona OcIwo (present Chief)- 4 -

Clasjjifioation :A c.no S3Informants .Kwabena Faben (an uncle of the present Akwamuhene)Asabre Boakye, alias Afarifa (a grandson of the stool)Recorded by :JatSubjt :1. Agyeman-Duah20th December, 1962AKW1AMU STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Gha!na,Legon.May, 1963-M- -IJ A, &'0. no.,AS 38

The Akwamuhene of Kumasi is a confrere and second in command ofthe K iontihene of Kumasi,:-the -offcoes of thse tw. being -almost inseparab!ylinked in the Court qf :the,- Asantehene ..-, t tis olaimed in: the, tra4ition of Kumasi. that prior to -thqreim. qf. .King .OseiTwu the first.Asantehene, there was noth.g.)lke the Akwamuclan. It will be recalled, however, .that pripr-..o.t..s reign the Commander-in-Chief of the Kumasi military division was the Asafohene, who. is-also. 1nown inhigh traditiQnal cir~es ;8s Alcamfuo.No doubt King Osei Tutu must have learnt some sort of,.1 .4tary tactics from theAkwamu empire in southern Ghana, through the hegemony of the then reigningKing, Ansah Sasraku. So on the peiw tion of King Qsei Tutu as the firstAsantehene,, his -first military: taci-. was,- the aonsolidation ofmili.taryleadership. .', King 0sei1: Tutu no doubt learned.:. something of Akwamu militaryorganisation aa4 system of civil administration at the court of N4aa. AnsahSasr.aku in -Awm..- T.q position of Asafohene as the Commander-in-Chief of the

Kumasi military division was reorganised by Osei Tutu. on, hO. pro.amation asAsantehene. The 'body of troops appointed by. the, .A1muhe, AnsaSasraku, :toaoqompany Obai'imo. Osei Tutu to Kumasi tfqr hi.. enthronement as -theAsantehene,. under the. able. lepdersh-p of A.m Asamoah,-'Linguist o f; .Ansah.Sasraku (who no doubt came from Au southern Ghana) was. made toserve..under the Asafohene of Kumasi, then the Commander-in-Chief of theKumasidivision. Thus the title of Asaf-ohene was abolished, in favour-of theoonsolidation 0f.Akwamuhene; the. people. fm Anum, then known as.A.Wmupeople, or A wafuo. were ode to ser under th.is.Chief Asafohene. ..He was thusmade -th .ea. of the .AkwaWu people. SQ.-at present the..Adumhene," whosename-,has been.. o ap_ ted. from that. of. the Anum people., runs next in cormeni:to the Akwamuherve, who i. alsoL known as Asafohene of Kumasi. S, ont he-roplamation o-f -Oei Tutu as King, he A afohene of Kumasi, was made- head of the Anum people from,. outhern, Ghana. , I hear that- their,ar al .Kumasi none-of. the Anum 'people -were made to return to..their original home -Anum in southern Ghana. The Anum people, now AdumfN,, .o wre-jide sxeut.1oners of the King,. Osei TutuIt is sid -that in.,the old days the people of Asa .o-stoo., now-knownas M:Awamupeople, were oalled-.Soadoro people Soad0x-o : people (Soad.orcfo)meaning:people responsible .fbr the .aretakersb.p of the state.

- 2 -It'. is said that the people of thia Asafo stool came" -from Denkyera and on theirarrival at the 'present axea of Kumasi there was no area at that timeactuallyknown as Kumasi. It is said that almost all the neighbouring villagesriowforW.ig the Kumasi landa, te.onged -to the Denkyerahene. At that time the areain" question as. known tas Kwamang* "The stool of Asafo id said to have been created by Nana Kwabia Amanfi, one ofthe early rulers of the Kumasi state, in about the year 1600.It is' sald'that the progenitor.- Of this stool who came from Denkyera wasXwadw6 Betia,' :This Kwadwo Betia-no doubt. beafne the 'first Asafo chlef. Hewas -on te stool during the reign. of Nana Oti. Akenten, a Kokofu -.maWi, andone" of the. early rulers: of Kumasi. roUnd about the year 1631,He was succeeded on the stool by his brother' Awrre during. .the reign of thissame ruler, Nana Oti Akenten. It is' saidthat :.Boa Talora was the sister ofAWere. " So no doubt Kad* Betia, -' the progenitor ,and the irst Asafohenci of'the 'stool from Denkyora, beoame 'a very old man on the stool andincapable ofruin.g, so his brother Awere was chosen as his successbr.' -So ata'later dateKwadwo Betia died as an incapacitated ruler atfKumas. :It is said that Awere served Nana 0ti Akente at that tihie '.t is said-that Nana OtiAkenten married the sister bt"Awere, by' .name Boa Takora, whogave birtht:o..Agyei Twum and Attas Atua. At, sthi time the Akwamuhene was thenknown'as Soadorofohene.' It was during the reign of Nana Oti Akenten, the brother-t-law" o:bf Awee, that Awere was made the Asafohene of Kumasi. He was,,more'or less -the Commander-in-Chief of the Kumasi division infafitry army,:, 'Asafo

MWereo it is saiWd, reigned up to the time of King Osei Tutu. He was onthe.stool during the reign -of. KIg Obiri Yeboah.There is; evidence of the best possible king that duringthe reign of King Obiri Yeboah, the grand uncle of King. Osei Tutu, theAsafohene who was ,then the Commander-in-Chief 6f the -tmasi military divisionwas nick-namedby the entire populace as ,kyamfuo. This. degenerating title whichis known to high traditional circles is due to the fact that the Asafohene, who hadled the. army: of :%he Kumasi militeiy division to fight the Dormaahene atSuntresu, could

- 3 -not put on any military tactics, and as-a result of this the Dormaahene gained theupper hand and King Obiri Yeboah was.killed by the Dormoas ..as aresult of -thiswar.,. Akyamfuo :tereforemeans a person who just 'bluffs, without any sen-se ofhumour.So at a. later date when. King Osei Tutu succeeded his grand uncldan. Obiri.Yeboah, he appointed his -own. Commander-in-Chief of the Kumasistate, whowas the :.Krontihene. So.King.Osei Tutu, a strong man of action, thought it meetand proper to li4k the Kronti. and. Akwamu -.clans_. into ,.one military -group.So. the offices of' t*qse two clans bein& alamost in.separably. linked in -the courtof Asantehene even today, are always referre&,to as Kronti id. -. Akwamu clans.And any suggestions or comments put forward .by .:-ihese*wo*. clans are considered by the King to be most usefu--- and: genuinecontributions to the discussion of constitution4--asu.S.'. at statesittings. The twoclans are always referred to as the two principal clans- in! the King' scourtyard. -.-Asafo Awere was among the principal chi-efs in Ashanti who' attendedthe.Denkyera war against Ntim C.yakari, during the- regn : the reignof King -Osei Tutu, when the-Ashanti defeated the fle.nkyeras at eh ase andcaptured theDenkyera chief, Ntim Gyakari.It is said also that it was during the reign of King Osei Tutu- that the title- ofAsafohene was. changed into Akwamuhene, his .was. due to the. factthat -someAnum people under :theirLinguist AnmAsamoah.. had accompanied. King Osei -Tutu froq °Anum" in Akwamu .in present southern Ghana, as a result of the.cburtesy. of the then. reigning 'chief -of Akwamu, Ansa Sazraku. These Anuipeople-wore: consolidated. into the Soadorofo people and tle: Soadorofohene,then known as Asafohene -of- Kumas., was made 'thehead .;,f -this-new, clan known as -Akwamu clan,. The. AsafoheneA,hus be.came- ftia-.headpf Oseeui" u Ur'i3-It is sa id that . s .was during the reign, of King.Osei,,iTutu that thititle. ofAkwamuhene, .w" conferred on- t-h Asafohepe cf".; Kumasi. Prior -to the reign,of- King Osei Tutu. -there was no Akwamuhene in Kumasi.

...1I.It was therefore during the reign of King Osei Tutu that the Asafo stoolwasturned into that of Akwamu stool.

Asafo Awere was succeeded'on the stool by Adjei Twum, his nephew, who was ason of Boa. Boa Attakora, a sister of Asafo Awere,. had married Ndna OtiAkenten, 'the Asantehene, and. gave birth to Adjei Twum and Asafo 'Boaten.Adjei Twum wassucceeded on..the stool by his*brother, Asafobten, during thereign of this same. King, Opok. Ware, but he was destooled for mal distration',He was suo eeded ,on the stool by Ayeribi tmarfq during the reign of King Ku iBodom- Asantehene. It is said thAt Ayeribi was alo' a brother of Adjeqi Twum.Adjei Twum, itis' said. went to the Banda war during the reig, of-'King '0sei"a4wo. the great fighting King who attacked his 6pponents .in the bro.a day. light..It was after an intensive battle'with Worosa, "ng ..ofBanda, that the Bandas were defeated and Worosa was captured andbeheaded.Hip head was imitated in g.old and placed on a sword..o the Ki.g, calld Worosa-ti.Even today this sword can b.e . found at the King's courtyard and is U-sed onceremonial occasionA. wheni the Ring sits in state. It serves as a symbolical'justifIcation of the King's dignity.Ayerebi Kumarfo was succeeded on the stool by his brother, Akwawuah duringthe reign of this great fighting .King, Nana .D.1ei.. KwadwO. He went to warwith the King at AkLm. It is sai'.. that during this war the gun powderofAs6ntehene was almost exhausted, but through the instrumentality of theAkwamuhene, Akwawuah, the King was provided with 300 kegs of gunpowder..without any hesitation. Akwawuah thus won the traditional" appellation, BeAtduro a sa. a' na en'ye Akowia Ntoau (if, gunpowder is exhausted it is not in thebottles of Akwawuah). The Okyenhene, Ofosu Apenteng, it is said, was.captured. But at a later date it was learnt that Akwamuhene, by name Akwawuah,killed the Ofpsuhene, Apenteng, and crucified. him on a state" chair. ThisObirimp0ng' Akwaguhene, it is said, captured the Ofo'suhene. red.-han ed. .It is said that this Obirimpong Akwawuah was at a later date elevatedto theposition of Mansenhene, meaning the chief responsible for the capture ofOfosuhene Apenteng.

He was sucoeeded m t e stool by Kkakye Firamu during thereign of Nana.Osei. 15ýape. He went, tqnP war, K~ . Firamu waseccle4...qn the'.stool !)y Kwa Ko f 41, hi s,. birotherNote,f. is- cäid' thAt ciäring theý reiýp:;of 4RT~ the:;-,1Akwamu stoö1 wa13, left alon.qý,onj-JU 44.a resgof'the C-osuhone 4p9nteýýg. _påequently tW.JQns O:r.» Vmuah were,'01eto byi -,ptool7:lers, of, thebabk Jýöäe. ri -1bol carr et , n, _quQit Is 'åaid. ran~away and ieký the ätö*oi behind. So it la- said thAt,.whqn. AsafotMTg~ - w- u t q-,., g- pointof' clbath he orclerod thAt sinac.M. spns.ý jxgu

back the o 'trål stool the* Åärýecný oné.,of äatrUýhQal descen% shoul -bp.pm i-a-stoq-.--..-4~ _' J-yof patrUiiieiål ciesoenz.3ýn of 41" succrqecle&Uä-father oee ccg4.waå suo" ä 'I"in,.turn..--by.his..,bro-t.her. 31-1kwa~bnri oubt ý' 1*ho . no',-- d w.as-.onpSQ the'.'ätool'of Akwaiu; became, ,a ppLir2,lin94l-,4-tool,a DwaIt is sald that båkytýSofi who suoceeded his brother.Kkakye Riramug~ also.yen -.to,Ähe,. ýyamewp War - ajong.;-with.;-other chiefs&xring'thé of Asg4ntelie,"'ne Nana:Bonsu -Peny.zi <hnt,'.is,.'sombe Aime the Kin .,hnd åadc.in ICW'wben. ' lt is säia 'forg Qf Gyaman.16c ii sto. i...:th~4. go o us. 9h4 epging th .:of the Ashantihiý - if i c . Ity.It is, zaid thAt one. YCöjo-,-.,0tý,ýug, a Dpnýy,"4 o111-ef~. who had then.1 iéqn:'ýgtturp..~" ýy,ý,' OQ7ý-ing. bis"'*pqrioxl 'o£trýg. atS älg-, .ý'älå-o* . nå 'to ýia inåt ther with the.Asýhantis.-agu inkr4. l. is _å d t"i, ciately fter this,,.war.w the A1*9a.éhiåk once aýý' rebellqdAg~ .. the. 4-san-tehime.--ään týis ýý,ääcbe: waoveredry. 3 di 50, Kojo.Otib , ],ett. Kumasiunceýemonlåiisiyg with . a lärge rertin4eg r, fnntl lana, -refusing toserve theAsantehene any longer.

" 6-.. Kwakye Kofi, was succeeded on the. stool by his-brother,...;Asafo Adjei, dur.ng the reign. of Nana Agyeman, alias Nana Kwaku Duah I. Itis said that Asafo Adjei was destooled for maladministration.He was succeeded on the stool by Akwawuah Denteh, a grandson -ofthe.. stol,during the' reign' f" this same' Nana Agyeman.. Nana Akwawuah Denteh died onthe stool and 'was succeeded by Asafo-Doakye during the reign of Nana KotiKarikari, .Asantehene.He went to;-several wars with the King during his r&i'gn.' He was also on thestOol-during the reign of Asantehene Nana .sah Bonsu.He was succeeded on -the stool by Kwa.e X"Kofi, pFesumably duringthe:.trialperiod of King Ptempeh I in the.Syoheiles Island It is said that at-thistime there.was no King in AshAnti. Akwakye Kofi was destooled"for mal-adminstration." "He was succeeded by Kwame Akwawuah dizlmg the reestablishmentof theAshanti Confederacy: in 1935: through 'th-god ' auspices of the present reigningMonarch, King Prempeh II.-' -"This'sort of

re-esablishment of .the Ashanti Confederacy is 'knownziiin':ihetraditiona sense asNkabomu. As 'a ,symbolical justificatin.of "thi's fact the presentAsantehenecreated his own chief, known' Nkabo uhene. He is now in the Manwere clan andis at present recognised as one of the influential chiefs in Ashanti.It is saiql that Kwabena Mensah, the Asafo Cbiei', ".as ,destooledfor mal .-aministration. He is now a very old man:abot ~years of 'age.: -He is one.,of -my ibZ'mnts' an~' a'bl~d.man,.. He wassucceeded on the stool by Asafo Dba1kcre in the..reign of thispresent King. He was also destooled.He. was succeeded o4.,the stool by Aehampong Yaw i thjereign of this present King,' Nana Osei Tutu Agyeman .Tiempeh' 'If.. I' He wasdestooled, beo-ause- of his inefficiency. It is said tha'" he, had,no eloquece andcould not express himself' before"-the 'Tg" when.. acase of constitutional naturewas referred to him ftor-' comments or advice. It is further said thathe wasfound of s.eeping - presumably he suffered from sleeping sickness He spent.eight years on the stool. " He

o 7He was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Mensah, a grandson of the stool,. in thereign of. this same King" Preinpeh II. He spent ton years on the stool and wasdestooled for mis-management.He was succeeded on the stool,. ,,bysafo Deikza, thd;priesent Akwamuhen.Note :wThe Akwamuhene is supposed to be one of the principalchiefs of Asantehenev, -:He swears to'the 'hintehene with the Mpomponsuosword. He runs second in command to the Bantam ene. He: s. also aconfrere"of the: Bantamahene.His position is almost equal to that of the Bantamahene.Traditionally these two principal chiefs are responsiblefor the welfare of Kumasi city. The AkwM ene isknown in high traditional circles as the most seniorohief: attached to the Aban-Swa so fai as &W Kumasistate is concerned.

QHIBM OF AKRAMU STOOLi st Chief Kwaclwo Betta2ndl Awere3rd Acij ei Twum4th, Åsato Boaten (destooled)5C Ayerebi Kumarto6th Akwawuah7C KwalWe.Slramu.-(patrllihealdescent)8,th -Kwakye Kofi9C Åsafo Adjei dostdolécl)'lOth, lkýa~ Denteh.

Ilth Asafo Boakye12th Kwakye Kofi (destoolecl)13C Kwame Akwawuah (destoolecl)14th, Kwabena Mensah (destooled)I Sth Asafo Boakye (destooled)Igth Achampong Yaw (clestoolecl)47th Kwame Mensah (destoolel)18th åsafo Deikra (present chief)- 8 ~

Clasif iC~tiOil:L3 atc , no, S 9Inf orrn.-nts:Vari ou sRecorao&L~ -~J. IA I.,j . an-DuahNovember, 1962Subject :BANTA..-' STOOL HISTORY - PART IInstituto of African Studies, University- of C-hanra, Legon.May, 1963.Classification:-0 - 39.

"IntroductionRattray and other professional historians have attributed the political title ofgeneralissimo of Ashanti to Bantamahene (Krontihene of Kunsi), but this sort ofattribution is full of antiquit-, 6o2ting back to the timo of XinE Ose Tutu.Immediately King Osei Tutu was proclaimed Asantehene, his militaryexpansionwas so rapid that the r Ipongh.ene became the generalissimo of the Ashantination and ct the same time next in comizanC. to the Asantehene (Nifahene), Sofar as the Ashanti nation is concerned this is sc because -;hLn -.e talk of a nationthen we moan a body of pcople united by a corporate spirit wit!ii particularintensity mad dignity relating to a definite ho'Le-country.It is so in Ashanti because the Golden S3tool serves as the palladiumof theKingdom. It is thoreforu a serious constitutional blunder for Rattray and Otherhistorians to term the Bantamahene as the generalissimo of Ashanti. Althoughtradition has it that Bantamahene is the Deputy Commander-in-Chief oftheAshanti territorial army, the Bantamahene, as custom demands, takes over guard.duty from the Mamponghene when the iampoghene is leaving Kumai. TheMamponghene usually asks the Bantamahene to see that the King is wellprotected and to report to him in case of any eventuali ties.The word "Bantama" is a derivation from the nam of a certain hunter called Baahvho lived at his village near a stream known as Punpunase, at the present areacalled Bantama, that is about two miles from the seat of Kumasi. It is said that this

areewas in olden days a dense thick forest which harboured wild animals, e.g.elephants, lions, etc.One day whilst Baah was crossing the Punpunase stream he was attacked andcarried off by ai elephant, unidentified to this day. During the course of Baah'sstruggle with the elephant, however, his cloth was stipped from hisbody and layon the side of the stream for some time. Passers-by and other keen observers whosaw Baah before his death started to, "we saw Baah just this morning, aod that ishis cloth" (Bantama, meaning the cloth of Baah). As a re sult the area wascalledBantama, ; corruption of Baat.%(by Agyeman-Duah)

- 2The Bantbama stool i s non-ancu stral, thatt -5.s a j-toJ. CLYGD belongiLng totho royal alan - a sto-ol wi-jol is no-,; 2±.r> but by the ap-pointwxnt of theKing, I-t is t-.) h,,--, c b o encreatec. by Op-imsuo - Iting Osei Ritu, th1o f'oun1,ur :-, Ashanti natic'n, prior tohis ovorthrowý- c), thoj Den-,era Li 1699. The Bantaira stool is a stool of>patriliuloaldocLt It is traditionally knovwn as Mmama Dwa.It is scoid th1-at the irst BantCalr _no to be n L oiitin the kuirsi division (that is the pararnounto-y, tc iwb-ch T2OseiThtu bel ongs)was Anakatia Panin, 1; -o Kn1~x*.This kind-heartod3 n-Pn is said ~o hava bou-ia stood carrior of the Denlcycraliene Nana Boa- Aiiponsen, but trak,_ior. X'1->sit that *hon inir Osei Tutu was uxiderjoing ýicourso ot- traini:ng at Denkjer.ahcne's court he became frierdly with this r-_an.Ät tho Lnkyerahene' s court, it is scAl", his RoyalHighne ss, th-i(~.- known as .0Osei Kwame-, privately administero cld* the fetishEI:umasua to the KÄng, and his nam m becane corrupted to tho fotiså 'LutuEkumasua-. It is also sp,.d thlat t the fenkyerahielie court Osel relieved thoburdlon of his traning wiåth an intrigue with a sistei, of DID~nyerhene, .ÅbonaBonsua,2 as a rosult of> wch ho llad to fice. No doiibt as at rosult of this opisodoKing Osci 2utuu :iad to lef,,ie Denkyera utnceroinor-iiously for Akwanu toresume h-is stu,--is, if not 11,3s in-l'-iguoscIt is s*ail t-hat urior to hi ab'rest at Iffie court yardof Delonyeral-one, Nana,.Boa Aipne. the -stool carrier Årrankw-atiaPaii, tho '- rst Ba-ntar.«ahoene-to-be, or the now Kýrontihcne-tobe appointoÉt byKing Osoi Tutu, was -present at c,. seoet meeting. L. u.-_t a business meeting, ofIdho 2olyrhn, ond he later, revealed to his Royal, Hi--Lness OsI-iP>t h 1t~-rv,were on f oot to hava him docapitated, as a ro su-Lt of> the alleged pregnancy of>Abena Bonsua. 'So -.t Y&i L.iýd of nicht Osei flod iI'this faithfulsorvant WisGo tlic, court of .Akwa,-iuhene, 7~~Ansa Sasraku.It is said that whlen news of> his escapo bocarme kown to tim Denk-yn-,aiono hesent soro arrnud( run atrOsci. Tradition 1,as it that at a certain instocnt Osei wa[out to be --rrestoc,. but appoaled to1- a ccortairi Lairx>nl, by nume Pra, avnd1cslccd for, olemrency in that oias ' 2ikoiy to bo molostedl withhis qonipanior±prior to hstrial, . 911, punishirent i.vrcou1d bo rnote<.'£ out to hI-at ho o:yorahono Is

-3court. This aximal Fra saved Osei by perfor.ixig certain miracles ind cansequentlyaug a hole and ade Osei ad his companion stay in h hole while the army passedon. It is said tiht when th.ese armed men reached the hole they saw the eaiii! Pra,saluted it, and asked it whef.ie it had seen that notorious niap, sei, Thereply wasin the negative so they returned to Denkyora to report their unsuccessfuladventure to thu uenkyeraheneo Then che animal Pra released Osei and the stoolcarrier from their solitary confinement. Tradition is it that as a tokenof gratitudeto this animal Pra, the rirst born of King Osei Tutu was ramed Owusu Prah afterthe animal. It is also said in higher traditional levels that the animal Pra gave KingOsei Tutu a very powerful medicine, to be used to bewitch all his enemies. It issaid that this medicine is still containe& in the great Golden Stool ofthe imtionand is used b r the Asantehene for drinking to the gods when he presides at abusiness meeting of the . nation in which there is a reconciliatory matter betweenthe King and rebels of the Golden Stool.I hear it is a very powerful. medicine, the dosage of which is equivalent to that ofa poisonous drug. Thismedicine is rareJ used by the King of Ashanti at this present aga, unless theoffence committed is one of high intrigue against the state.f It is said that whilst Osei was at the court yard of the Denkyerahenehe met forthe first tim Okomfo Anokye, who was a very powerful magicianjttached to theDenkyora stool. On the other hand it is (said that Ankokye as a wandering childhad travelled into the nooks and crannies of the country and had met King OseiTutu, then a youth, round about the area which we now call Akokofe. There isevidence of the best possible lnd that the father of Anokye was Kyei Patuo anative oC Adanse - and that his mother was Dwere Ayekwaa from Avmkugua.His mother-in-law was knovin as Adansi Pim of Adanse.Eventually Osei reached Akwamu unscathed. There he metOkomfo Anokye for the second time. According to some versions of thesaga h6was a native of Awukugua and thus a subject of Akwamnhene.Anokye had been engaged by the Denkyerahene Nana BoaAmponsem to practise medicine for him at his'court so that hiS only sister, AbenaBensud, who was childless, could produce a :Abild. Okonmfo Anokye, it isalleged, predicted that the woman

would bring forth but a single son iho would bring r.u-n oln the Denkyerakingdom. According to tuce saga sore 3ay that Osei Tutu took the Chief'ssister,Abena Blunsu. ai- d -Lh - a son was born to them who was no doubt Na~a nTtim .- -ce future Dniv-rcrahoze -ho was to b de ......... . -llc±at Fehyiase.as a result of this incident Osei fled to Akwanu. It. is said that_Anokye, whilst at Denkyora, had committed a serious crime similar tothat offelony and through the instrumentality of King Osei Tutu, iho was -h: at the courtof the King of Denkyera as a pupil, had &.>::p U to an unmov-m destination. Nodoubt Anokye was to n:cjivc capital punishr.ent - Na Oda-duam, tradition has it,.

There is however no direct evidence that His Roya5. Highness, thenknonM asBarim Osei Kwame, was made to serve the Denkyorahene at Abankesiesu, theseat of the Donkyerahene. From a political point of view, Bosman, a Dutch factorand one of the early settlers in the Gold Coast, averred that "all the 'neighbouringnations had been taught to fear Denkyera.- except Asante and Akim". No doub,Th:nvi rrP Osei Tutu was the nephew of King Obiri Yoboah, .but as customdemanded, all:t!ributory kings in olden days sent their nephews to theKing'scourt for training. It is, however, certain that King Obiri Yeboah hadacknowledged the superiority of the King. of Denkyera before sonding Osei Tututo him to study the political system of Denkyera.T)hilst -Barir. Osei was at Akwanu his grand unrle, Nana Obiri Yeboa1h, hadestablished a ruling dynasty at Kumasi, He had no doubt a boundarydispute withthe chief of Dormaa vno w6,s then staying at Suntresu, that is the areawhore wehave th6 'present Estate Houses in Kurnsi. The Dormaahene inadvertently broughtwar on Obiri Yeboah, the grand uncle of Barim Osei Ti'tu..It was whilst Osei was at Akva-u that his grand uncle died. Thc untimely death ofthe ,King obliged the Asante nobles first to appeal to the. Kenyasehene, NanaFredua Agyeman, a nephew of King Obiri Yeboah, because at that time Osei, agrand nephew of the King, was still a minor. The Kenyasehene, however, wasunwilling to become the" chief of Auch a great stool. The elders of Kunmsi wereembarassed about this state of affairs. The Kenyasehene, NanaFz--Iua Agyen.n,was nick-named "Dua Bodee"' (maning a pa.ee'.' because he refused to accept thepost of Asantehend ,.

- 5Now it vll be recalled that Akokofu, village nearKokofu, is said to be one of the oidest, if not one of the traditional originalvillages in Ashanti. Akokofe village was no doubt in existence beforethe fivegroat powers, or the five communities of Ashanti - Juaben, 11ampong., Adanse:or Amansie, Nsuta, and Kuriawu (Amantuo Annum). So after the great meetingheld at Amoaful Bogyawe, which is near Asantemanso (the gathering place of thepeople), they all rested at Akokofe. There was a great famine, it is said, so theAkokofe Di1a-o directed that as there were so many strangers they should all goto the farm in order t o save the situation. As they were going there they discussedamongst themselves which fruit was likely to germinate first without hard work.They all decided that corn was the most progressive fruit. So it is said that whenthe corn ripened in the area the people beja i- to say amongst themselves that thecorn had sprung up rapidly, -nd desaribed the area as a fertile onefor gro-vingcorn with progressive fibres. Thus came about the name of the areawhere wehave the present Kokofu. During this tim dlo Fetish Priest, by name OkomfoKokoo, and a hunter, by name Obi, wont on a hunting expedition. During thistime they discovered what was then the Denkyera area. So they informed theelders Ano had met at Asantemanso and who wore then staying at Akokofe andthe neighbouring villages. No doubt Akokofe village became a sort ofcommerciali centre for the new nation-to-be. So Okomfo Kokoo and the hunterObi informed the elders about the disqovery of this new area. Theelders

discussed the matter and asled themselves, "if we were to leave this place wherewe have grown this corn, what would be the name of such a fortile land?" Theyall agreed that the area should be called lckcfa, thusnaming the place after thecorn fibres. So the elders appointed one elder to look after that placefor them.- Later a servant of the 0yoko people fromi Kokofu who was a hunter, by nameAbirafo Nyame, discovered the present land of Kumasi, and reportedibt to hismaster, the 0yoko people ancestors and ancestresses of King Osei Tutu - andsuggested that the area of Kumsi would be pro sperous and booming forhabitation.It is said that the first man to set foot on Kumasisoil amongst the elders from Asantemanso was Nana Baah Kumah (male). Hewas no doubt a first class hunter. Nana Baa Kumah is said *-to havebeen theyoungest brother of Twum and Antwi, who are said to be brothers fromtheOyoko Abohyen.

- 6It is, however, to be noted that th:e-e are three di7iisionas in the Oyoko clanahiLch constitute the Oyoko Ku&Lo. Thesc three divisions are OyokoAbohyen,Oyoko Atutue%, ane. Qyoke Bremang.It is said that Tium and Anitwi were ndwf to be th, ancestors of Nena FreduaAgyeran, Obird Y*bo- h d - ing Osei Tutu. 1-Tana Twum a.n- Nana Antwi,ancestors of -irg Obiri YeboL, were sai-' o be Adikrofo of -.u,:,sand 'ladestablished their ruling dynast-T at .il nyas TI-on 1.,-s it that Kenyasehene isalways the uncle of U ntaheno , 2'z Kenyasehene comes under the 0yoko clan,He 'elongs to the 0yoko Abohyen division.It was round -,.r out this same Derio . t>'ot the Den.cj ra land was discovered bythe fetish priest, Oko nfo Kokoo, Lad the hunter Obi.So when the new lands of Kumsi were discovered no doubtthe royals of the present Golden Stool, who had then esteablished their rulrigdynasty probably at Kenyase, were compelled to leave for a morefertile land, aspredicted by Okomfo Kokoo and the hunter Obi. Before leaving Denkyera themost senio r of the royals w.as asked to stay at the Denkyora area to look afteraffairs whilst the younger royal left for Kunasi, with some of theroya.ls.Whilst ledVing the senior royal in the Denkyera area, there was a sort ofagreement between the two brothers that since the junior brother was leaving for amore fertile land he should sue to it that he sent to the senior brother some of theproceods that would be obtained fro m such fertile land,Tradition has it that the junior brothers of any Akancommnunity always send some proceeds to their 21io-ior brothers. when similarsituations occur.This confirms the fact that there is no evidence thatthe Ashantis were subject to Denkyerahene du:lng pro oonfc-ieracytimes.Later on Kumasi was discovered round about the neighbourhoodof the presentPost Office, where we have the present Ministry buildings. The area was kia-on ascaaniamu. No doubt the land of Kunnsi proper was bought from a certain, old

lady, !iaiown as Berewa Yebetuo, for thirty pre luans by the ancestors of KingOsei Tutu.It is said that vken Kunsi was discovered the Amakomhene, who was om of thufounder rae n'bers of umas'. .though it meetand proper to ask the ancestors of King Osci TLrtu to pay tribute to him.H e wascalled Amakou A-asa, No doubt a war ensued b.etwen Kinr Osei Tutu and heAra-.ic-cene. 'The Aniakomheno was defeated by King Osei Tutu. His nephew,Adumesa, -u-:os made his successor. Osei Tutu foimod a close friendship withthis man md gave him hi nij0e, Kwisiamoa, in marriage, and Opoku wareW2sborn. Traditio h as it that the occupant of the C-olden Stool todny cL.iis tWAmakcomhene " Agya" (father). It is said that after the defeat ofthe Amakompeople by King OseiTutu some of the Amakom people migrated to the presentarea of ikoranza, no doubt with some royals of the Amakom stool. Tradition hasit that people of the royal clan' of Amakom can be c lled to occupy the Amaicomstool when it becomes vacant even today by making a proper citation of theirhistory to the Asantehene, in cases where there is a dispute ovur the enstoolment.It is said that later King Osei Tutu fought with the Tafohene ,,nd captured some ofhis valuable property, i.e., Sika Seperewa (a native guitar), Fontomfrom drums,called Pencham Damleo, and other valuable things. -So so-m of the Tafo peopleleft for he present Akim Fato.There is no doubt that Nana Oti Akenten, who came from Kokofu ad wasof theOydko clan, founded the present Kumasi.It was while Osei was at Akwamu that his uncle Obiri Yeboah dio.c 2iTeuntimely death of the King oblged the Asante nobles to call on Osei to occupy thevacant stool of Kumasi. Osei, the future king and mnn of action, was invited bythe 'Mamasi people to occupy the vacant stool of Kumasi.U. It is said that after Nana Fredua, vho was traditionally known asDua Bodee,had declined to become the Kumasihene, the elders of the Kumsi state appointedthe Akyeamehene of Kumsi (who* was elevated to the past of AtutuehenebyKing Q~) the Antoahene, Nam Sark-lie Date, Bammofo (talltz. itioners of' tt, Kumsi b ,)and some, men of nobility to go down toAlv,!amu tobring his Royal Highness, Bari:nn Osei Tutu, to become the Paramount Chief ofKumasi. At

that tiim, no doubt, 0sei was thou-jit to b n iminoir aid 1n inexperienceaadmnistrator.The 1,:anuhone, Ansa Sasraku, on hearing this naws, provided Os-i, ihe firstAs:uitehone-to-be, with bcdy of Anfamu troops, thirty according toomo ve.rsioicf ;h saga, -hroue hundred .or seven ,hundred according "db otheLt, under the ableleadership of his linguist, Anum Asamoah. On arrival at Kumasi these A umpeople were not allowed to return home~ but were obliged to establishtheirdynastyat Kurlasi near the area now cLailed Adurm. Doubtless tL name o2 Anui. wascorrupted into Adum. It will be recalled that prior to King OseiTutu',qproclamation as Kumasihenu the cornvnx lor-in-Chief of the Kumasidivision as establishud by his ancestors was the Asafohene of KumasiPwith -he

title of ALlyamfuoe But when King Qsei Tutu established his ruling dynasty asKurausi he thought it meet and proper to allow the Anum poople to comeunderthe category of the Asafohene of Kumsi, thus creating the Krontiheneof Kumasias the head of the Akwamu people. So the present Asafohene of Kuma-si is thehead of the Abavanu clan. He is thus known as the Akfwanuhone. TheAdumhene comes next in comrmnd to the Akwa hiene of Kumsi. It is saidin hightraditional circles that the Asafohene or Akyamfuo and &antL.rma!ens of Kumasihave equality of status so far as thle Kumasi Eivision is concerned, King OseiTutu further appointed the Adumhene of Kunnsi as his chief executioner. All theAnum people vwere also appointed Executioners of the King.The first Bantamahene, in the person of Ariankwat'a Panin, who was the stoolcarrier from Denkyjera, was appointed by King Osei Tutu immediately he wasproclaimed the Paramount Chief of Kunnsi. Incidentally when thenews reachedKing Osei Tutu that his dear uncle, Nara Obiri Yeboah, had b~en killed by' theDormaas, who wera then staying at Suntresu in Kumzsi, e -as very distressed.King Osei, a strong man of action, tU1ought it meet ad proper to have his servi.tand friend, Amankviatia Panin, beheaded, thus :a.king a sacrificeto his uncle,King Obiri YeboI. But the Atutuehene, then the hief iUnguist of Ku-asi state,wiho was also among the deleGtion a.. ointed by-the Kdmasi state to bring KingOsei from Ai gta-u eppaled to King Osei for leniency. TheAtutuehene thus bougAt the head of Amankwatia Panin waith the liv ,s ofsevenstrong men, who were doubtless killed in cold bloo-a end ide sacrifice'to Kingbiri Yeboah, Ose.i Tutu' s ground uncle.,

- 9 -Tradition has it that when King 0sei way: proclaimed Paramount Chicf of Kumasiit was for the ±irst time in the annals of Ashanti history that he. swore the GreratOath of Ashanti:- "0sre Ntamkesie ka Ntam kosie so itu no wofa ObiriYeboa ayeno ara nawode be tooso" T is, OSci swore by this oath to follow in the footstepsof his uncle, Obiri Yeboah. Prior to King Osei's departure from theAkwamnhene's court he saw for the second time Okonfo Anokye, his, old friend,at Denkyera, sitting behind the ing. No doubt Okomfo .Inokye, who was thenregarde. as 1, vagabond and a person of no substance, ias excused by the [ling togo along with Osei. So Okomfo Anoky rwhio was to act as the spiritual andeconomic dviser of King Osei, accompanied him to Kumasi. T1L mother ofOkomfo Anokye is said to have come from Aw ukugua in the Akwamu district.King Osei -:ust have learnt some military tactics from the Akwuamu because onhis arrival at Kumasi he' thought it meet and proper to abolish the post ofAsafohene, who was more or 1 ss the commander-in-Chief of the Kumasidivision, and tossibstitute his own military head.The work Kontire is said to have been derived from Ko(fighting) and tin (head), for the Krontihene was commander of thearn in theevent of the chief himself not, going to war. The Al~wamuhene is hisconfrereand second in command, the offices of these two being almost inseparably linkedin the court of the Asantehene.After King Osei Tutu's proclamation as the Paramount

Chief of Kunasi he thought of waging war against the Dormaa-, hene,then atSuntresu. Amankwatia Panin, it is said, was appointed Krontihene,or commaner-in-Chief, of this war. The stool of Bantama was thus created for thefirst timebyKing Osei Tutu, Okva Okasa Atuomu.The Ashanti military character shows a vry haughty, arroghnt and warlike tribe.Asantehene, like tl10 King of England, has his commander-in-chief, deputycommander-inchief, Amanwhene, Aberempong, divisional chiefs.. sub-chiefs,senior linguist, linguists, and so on. Therefore the custom of styling Bantamahenethe generalissimo of Ashanti is an affront to the agelong tradition of the Asha .utikingdom. The first Bextamahene, therefore, in the person of Amankwatia Banin,was appointed by King Osei Tutu immediately he was promlaimod Kumasihene.Amankwatia Panin, it L. said, helped

- 10 -King Osei Tutu in a skirmish agai-nst the Dor.aas --ho had caused tho death of hisgrand uncle, Obiri YeboaHi, It is said that A1mankw'atia Panin wasthecommandr- a-i-Chief of the infantry division of the 1Eurasi army.TeBantamahene therefore claims the traditional title ,f Sas on ;, ox.n udor' in-chief.It is learnt from contemporary records, and at the same. time fxo -the traditionalhistorj of Ashanti that King Osei Tutu was a very old n in 1 706, so AmrnkwvatiaPanin, the Bantamahene of Kruimsi was appointed to lo,:k after the affairs ofstate.The Bantama stool is one of patrilineal descent, that is Mmama Dwa. nmankatiaPanin, it is said, died during the reign of Opoku iare. He was succeeded on thestool by his son, ALmxxkviatia.As can be learnt from the present structure of tfheKumasi Traditional Council, whenever Oturnfuo the Asantehene isindisposed oris unable to attend the Tra d-itional Council session, he usually appoints theBantaraahone, who is regarded as the Vice-President of the Council, to act and -adhinister in his' absenco.Tradition also has it that when the Bantamahehe wasappointed as Krontihene of Kundsi, Opimsuo thought it meet and proper to havethat clan strengthened ,nd so created seven warrior chiefs to come under thecategory of the Kronti clan. These seven chiefs are known as the seven gunlmn ofthe Kronti. They are: Bantama-Baamhene., Afarihene, EssuowinheneAkviaboahene, KW&wunahene, Amnkye-Barihone (Gyedu Kunnln and TwaafuoBaah. These seven guan,.n no doubt constituted the Kronti clan inthe old >!.fys.Dut lator. as occasion demanded, other chiefs were placed under the Kronti clanby appointment of the Asantehene. Tho o seven gunmen were, of course, createdby Asantehene, King 0soi Tutu, himselIf. .Amarnkwatia Panin was succeeded on the st ool by his son, Amankwvatia, duringthe reign of King Opoku ,la-, Okatakyie, the successor of King Osei Tutu. He diedon the stool*It is said that in the absence of Nasa Opoku Ware,' Okatakyie, Otiprukusua OdiAnantamu - Asantehene, the Paramount Chief of Sefwi, Abirimoro,invadedKumasi. He looted the town and destroyed mny things. As a result of

- 11the calamities caused by Abirimoro in Kunsi tla Asantehene, Nana Opoku,requested the Bantamahene, then Amankwatia, and Akyerirone, Saben, to pursuehim. But Akye..mpimhene in turn deputeoe Uis task to his younger brother I.iaheeOhen6ba Sarb.-r., Buaso Odikro N5kwiepaninhene, Twum the Nyinahinhene;and.Bantamahien Amankwatia also deputed 'cAs task to Brefo Apan, tho "naaboahene, axd Biri Ofianohene Amnnkwatia died on tho stool. He wassucceeded on the stool by his son, Adu Gyamera, that is during the re ign of NanaOsei Kojo, 1he great fightin -ian who was traditionally known as Oko Awia.H1e was suc2ceeded on the stool by Amankwa Abinowa during the rui~n of NanaBonsu Panyino It is 'said that the Asantehene sent twvo armies to thecoast topunish the Akwamus and the A-cwapims. and made them serve him oncemore,One army under Nan Amankvia Abinowa went into Akim.He wyas succeeded on the stool by Awuah Yam, no doubt during tGhe reign ofNana Osei Yaw. He was decapitated for an act of conspiracy against the King.He was followed on the stool by Bafuor Gyawu, duringthe reign of King Kwaku Duah I, who was known as Naa. AgyeMn. It issaid thatat that tim the Akwaboahon, by name Adu Tutu, who .was a member of theKronti division of the King, was killed along with seventy four chiefs forconspiring against the King. This chief, Bafuor Gyawu, was destooled for -mal-administrati on.He was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Awuah during the reign oft1'Ys sameNana Agyemnn (King Kwaku Duah I). He was succeeded on the stool by anotherAmankatia, named after Aimankatia, during the reign of King KofiKarikari. He lid. the main Ashanti arny durin the Sagaranti war of 1874. It i' said thatAmankwatia was shot by the British in this war.He vras followed on the stool by Bafuor Awuah II, during the reign of the sameNana Kofi Karikari. H e di,ed -on the stool and reigned up to the time ofNanaMensah Bonsu.He was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Awuah III, who was nick-namedAsrawere Adare. He was enstooled during the reign of King Prempeh I. It is saidthat as a isult of the Tow Tow war he vrs injured on the hands, and walkedaboutwith his hands curled up. So he was nick-named Asrawere Adare.

- 12He wason' the stool when King Prempeh was taken to Seychelles by the British.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Bonsu who wa-s popularly known asOsei M!arpong in 1900, during the "aa Asantewa war. He was not in any wayconnected with the stool but ,-Tas appointed by the British Government.It will be recalled that prior to the appointment of Nana Osei BonsuasBantaniahene he had once succeeded Nana Owusu Sekyore, amponghene, but wasdeposed by the Asantehene N ana 1onsah Bonsu for having failed tot-c.e the oathof allegiance before him. Whilst living in Kumasi as a deposed

6hief ha fought on the side of the British ].urin1g the Yaa Asantewawar in 1900,and -,as later appointed Bantamahene of Kumasi during the imposition of martiallaw in Kunasi after the war.He was later recalled to the -stool when Osokye, theMamPonghene, -;,as taken to Seychelles along ith King Prempeh.He was succeeded on the stool by Kwaie Kyem. He was enstoolod during theadministration of Captain Fuller as Chief Comnissionu r of Ashanti.He was succeeded on the stool by Kvame Koran. He died on the stool justimmediately on the arrival of King Prempah I from Seychelles. It is said there wasa great funeral held at Ba~tta-a which the King attended in full regalia.He .as succeeded on the stool by Yaw Berkoe who came front Barakese. He wasdestooled for maladninistration. The next chief w.-ias Bafio r Avrupah, who wasonstooled during the reign of King Prempeh II. He was dostoolod for an act ofconspiracy against the Golclen Stool ad thu occupant, Sir Osei Agsennn PrenrpehLI.It is said that the ring leader of this conspiracy was Mr. 0 S. Agyenan fromAgona. He was exile'J. along withi others during the administr-tion of C.iefCoruissioner, Mr. Jackson. He died quize recently as a private person.He was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Gyawu III, the pro sent Bcatamolhene.

- 13NOTE :Tradition r,,s it that Bantamahene is restricted from going to Is .-)jr' s I .(--,,cat odd moeents because he isat tzi=s cx&-d as a habitual enemy of the King. The Bantamahun. ,s permittedby custom to call at Lhenfie, o5 the pa oce. on -.ondays and Thursdays onlyunless othervi3e invited by the King.Th L tamIaQno is also bound by custom to have his drm (by name Pu nodoybeaten when calling at the King's palace .-n ,ionI-Ys and Thursdays. TheAsantehene, on heGring the sound oi the Penudo drum will bc on his guard. The:Ui will then have to exchange grectings wth the Bantamahene at his palacc in thepresence of armed men. The Anantahene who is one of the King's commanders-in-chief (Osahene) in the Gyase division AIll be by the King's side vith his gun loaded to watch events carefully.The Bantamahene is also bound by custom to call at the King's palace in amourning cloth, because this is symboKW .of the fact that as commander-in-chief(Osahene) of the state he does not know when the enemy will provokehim intocombat.The Bantamahene is Krontihene of the Kumasi divisionthut a th Param1nntcv tn -qiih ath Ka. of Aaha-ti bclon.--

Classification: ;C. oInf ornLnt s:Nania l\\.as. G-1airu iT ,hf. anCl his LL4u..3 :QVRecorded:

Date:Sub e ct:.J. Agye.-.n-Eua±7th Dec er 11 1962"BANTA± ~ , jS " 7L 1 1 U\2 - LAJIIflsti-uto of Lfi nStuaies, Uniiversityr of' Cha:.o,, Legon,'Jay, 1963C: )AC,

On the other hand Baah, it is said, was a huntc,., o; -so happened that when theAshanti nation (pro sumably IKumasi Division Infantry Army) was about to wagew t.' ,L .1:s t the Dormaahene, then resident at Suntresu - that is th where wehave the present estate houses - it so happee th-;t Baah, who was an Elder, wasleading the army. en t, v came to the river Punpunase, that is a river near - viTj;. then knovrn as Kwadwo Kurom (the area viere we have the pr-sen, lepercentre), Baah thougit it meet and proper o mak.'; -a experiment of himself bycrossing the river to find out whether it was too deep for the army to cross, or not,that time Baah was known as Twafuo BaahIt is said tchat whilst Baahwascrossing the rivor h[,r cloth was suddenly stripped from his body an. fr ll in+otVriver, end the Ashanti army, standing by, started shcut.nj.:, "That is Baahnscloth roving". Thus came %bout th na=3 of Bantama. Baah, it is said, wasnotdrornee, but amc b.ic'_: unscathed Lad joined the army to fight'against theDormi-a hene at Suntre su.*. This incident, it is said, took pl-ce during the reijn ,6f King Osei Tutu. It willbe recalled that on th; ' - .... -of King Osei Tutu as the Paramount Chief of Kumisithe iirst war he waged was against the Dormaahene, then at Sunt:. esu,Amankwatia Pan-yin, it is said, was appointed the Krontihen, or Commander-in-Chief of this war. The stool of Banta :. ;as for the first time created by King OseiTutu.It is said that prior to the naming of Bantama after Baah, there was a certainvillage near the present area of the National Cultural Centre. The run responsiblefor this village was called Osafo. This man, it is said, was a firsPclass hunter andhe was later nick-namd Osafo Apasuaapa (that is, Osafo the hunterwho alwaysIas meat at _his camp). He was later elevated to the position of Baamuhene byKing Osei Tutu. At present the occupant of thib stool is ':he BantamaBaamuhene. This was immediately after the war with the Dormaahene, when theDormaahene fled to Abisema.At a later date Opimsuo, King Osei Tutu, thought it meet and properto have theKronti clan strengthened so he created seven warrio r chiefs to come under thecategory of the Kronti clan. These chiefs are known as the Seve"rr- n-of theXronti. They are Bantama, Baamuhene, Essuowinhene, Afarihene, Akwaboahene,Twaafuo Baah, Kwawumahene and Amalye Barihene (Gyedu Kumanin).The Bantamahene, or the Krontihene of the Kumasi oi "n it is said, occupies thePoduo stool.

Note:Poduo stoo! is a J.boo. . o ....i.; - F l "-. mselfti.rov.,z- ti: istrum..utiy , -, hi,- tconoi,- ,l ualPodno stools, 'whi.ch are stols o bigh Es+. m., werecre,u. by Opimsuo Kin6 Osai Tutu.. TIL-- i7 .r* the cc ..-gorits and the names ofthe stool5 so .:eatud1)Th: Bantams. stool, T,_L is C, _ to -' ofirst Poduo stool to be creatod by' hu Ting..(2) Aaonten stool,(3) Antoa stool,(4) Bantama Baama stool.No doubt the Poduo stools can be recognisod as tho principal stools created by thefirst Asantehono, King 0 se i Tutu.. ific_n.t Features of the Bantama StoolSunyani - OdumaseIt is said that after-the first Gyanan war, that is during the reign of King OpokuWare, the successor ' ig Osei Tutu, one Kwabena Avuah, then resident atSunyani, wa. invited byr the King to occupy the Bantama stool. !t is saidthatAviuah., ho was supposed to be tr, 4th. chief of'Bantama o~l,w .-.?riOr t, thistimo., ). native of K-nicsiL but J.ft Kumasi ioa Zu area near the present Sunyan. ,which is the administrative capital of .the Brong Ahafo region. It issaid that hi.@departure took place during the reign of Ki)g Osei Tutu. The Cause of hisdeparture is one of secrecy.It is said that on '-eaving Kumasi Awuah stayed at a place called Kwatwoma, -vhich is in the area of Sunyani.Since bad t; ings are more worthy of news than good, this man was lrttr in,-ited byKing Opoku Whare to occupy the Bantama stool. It is s- -1 that on hisappointment to the stool Awuah was a litt-le app.'ehensive about thepossibility ofbeing disappointed la ir on. Whilst coming to occupy the stool he passed throughLorekum nd Nguat:.Q, the two prinn-ipa]. villages knovm at that tilo..

Ho tlion arrivoci at a desert placc v-.tä eao nidxfanily. c' this p)lace, it is said, hie 111-o& is- huntur tohunt for h-iim so t.hat ho Could hari; scx :rU-Ä -%3r occasion It is saici Lhat.this hunter !atQ icu ana chei r 1:unter- friid af' his, by name Antipini, inth 1f-£*orest. Ho )rju.- it ,',itipiri along to 'Goo a1osort place whero Opanin Avuahi nn1-~215 rulativs wero stayä:r.ý. Ho spont thle ýnight with thom therc. OpaninAwuah at t ~a tin ws not suro ý,-hthor ha ,;-oul'. bo -jIoe tooccuiny thio Bantana stood, sa as a proc<autionary.mec-suro , ho thou6ght it nieotonid -proper' ta appoint his riuphew, by ran Bosumtwea, to stay vd.ththe huntcrAntipirr at t~S n-ewly discovorud placu., sa that if' thio r,: -a ny opposit~ion to hisposition as Baxntarnahone ho, could col%_ brc- wOi stay at this piaca, which wasto bocome known as Oduxýso. It is saidl that ,Opanin wabhadl somo fear of thoAsh1anti peoplo. Höe recognisod thomn as a people of a very~ cu:±_nngcharaeter. So ho wvas not sure whother the Bntntania stool was roally meant forkiim.'

Whien. Upa*n .kwuah.1 w.as Loaving f, Kurn.si h3 obliged BosiimtWe, hl-iphewi, and Antipini to proiiso tLiat thcy-öl ne ver f or!:,.,t..1 hunt f or hirä whenhoc bcc-,;c tllu ocoupant of the Baxit,-rna stoal.It is sail that -this busine ss was transaetod undor a b ig trec in th1-o area near thedo sort pla.co Ahr ntipimth hunter was seen, sa tho spot.in quojstion at a latordate beoaine iovw.n a.s Aviuah Oduiasi, th-t is under t.'£ OdIum treowhere AwnaneGotiated for the prcsuiT. Odumasi. It is to be noted that tho4.ocndants o,Awvua-h now ricntat Sun-.ani Oduasi are rocogriised as royais of t ie Bantcýýastool. They Can, aof courso, contest fur, the ;it~~ st?2_-1 it becomos vocantOdui,scu village is al so on.. of thfe princi-pal villa6es 9,ttachod t;) t1111Biantam,- staal.

- 4 -CHIEFS OF TUN BjjTT.,zI STOOLI st Chief : 2nd Chief :3rd Chief 4th Chief 5th Chief6th Chief 7th Chief.A\ j:)j k rati a Panyinh~alkatiaPrako Yaw Awuah Panyin Adu Gyamera Armakwa Abinowa, alias AmankwaAtia Awiuah Yam YamBantamarene during th6 reign of King Osei Tutu. L6.' Kumsi division infantr-yarmy-co Dormaa war at 2untresu, Also -went 'tb the Denkyera war-luring. the reign of JTt' u-Lca.ari.Succeeded to" '110i st .. l during tAu reigi of King Opcku 'Jaro :zo-nt by KingOpoku Y:re to pur:suo Abirimoro who had loCted Kumasi town. Also-vcnt to the I st Gyaaan war; when the Gyaman king, Abe, w-as killed. The son jfAmankw atia Panyin.Succeeded Amankwatia during the reign of King Opoku areo Fought no wars.Succeeded Bafuor Prako Yaw in the time of Nana Opoku War6'& -nd reignedpresumably during the tie of Iar. Kusi Obodom.Succeeded Bafuor Awuah Panyin during the reign of Nana Osei !1 Kojo,Asantehene, the great fighting man who was tradition ally known as Oko Awia.;iant to no war and died on the stoo '.Succeeded to the stool during the reign of Nana Bo nsu Panyin.Succeeded to the stool during the reign of Nana Osed Yaw.

- 58th Chief9th Chief10th Chief : 11th Chief : 12th Chief : 13th Chief :Bafuor GyawuAmnankxatia Bafucr Awuah II Bafuor Awuah III Osei Bonsu Yaw Berkoe

Succeeded tu the stool during the reign of",ai Pg ar, xIr. K.viakuDueP T',,tooled for ma.-adinis-:r',- -i - t is said th,..t at Lii.s irm tdu Tutuof the f~ s 31>!o of th-o :,uin;.-±,n uIT behead,. for c.. vagainst the King,SuccecTed to th-o .c ... r'ing the roign of " " o"Succeeded to the s,:oc! i"""ng the roign of Nana Kcfi Karikari.Nicknamed Asrewere Adare. Succeeded to the stoolduring the reign of King Prempeh I.Succeeded to the stool a-f-.-, the Yaa Asantewa ca,- __± 21 900 by appointment of the Crown.Succeeded Osei Bonsu.,Although a royal of the stool he was destooled for maiadministrati on,14th ChiefKwame KyermSucceeded to the Captain Fuller's tion. Succeededstool duzi n adr -1.5th Chief 16th Chief 17th ChiefKwame Koran Bafluor Awuah Auankwatia VSucceeded Kwame Kyen.,Succeeded Kwarne Korr:,, Destooled for consv.:.-.r against King Prempeh II.Succeeded Bafuor Auaia. Brothor of Yaw Berkoeo Was enstooled during reia ofNana Agyemn Prempeh II, Dostooled after 10 ycars.Pre sent Bantamahno.18th Chiefliafuor Kwvesi Gyewu

Classification Inf orntIASacc. no,'COpanin Kojo Nyantakyi, Sanm'Rr -of Asantehene.Recordea by:J. Agyeman-DuahDate:3rd February,, 1963Sub j2ect -.SAN~A STOOL HISTORYIflsttute ofUniversity of Leeon.-ioan Stuidies,i aa'.May., 19 6.

The Sanahene comes under the category of the Gyase clan or the Gyase divisionof Asantehene.

It is said that in the old days gold dust was the cciagc of the nation, but thematerial used for weighing the dust was known as sana. It is said that sana :Lstaken from thu Fotuo.The Sanahene is the traditional or state treasurer ofthe Ashantehene. He is responsible for vieighing the Asante-hene's gold dust andfor the safe kee-ing of Ascatehene's money. He is also responsible for thepurchase of articles appertaining to the Asantehene and the Golden stool. He isresponsible for weighing Asantehene's gold before anything is bought for use atthe King's palace. The Sanahene renders account to the Asantehenehimself;although the Gyasehene is the Head Clan Chief to which the Sanahenebelongs,he does not take instructions from the Gyasehene with regard to moneymatters.The Sanahene swears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo sword. He hasdirect access to Asantehene with regard to monetary matters. He goes toAsantehene direct for his instructions. He goes to him for money every morningto buy food for the maintenence of the King's household.. He is moreor less his personal treasurer. The stool was created by Nana OseiTutu, Opimsuo,prior to the' Dernkjera war in which Ntim. Gyakari was defeated at Fehyiase. It issaid 'that the Sanahene Amoah Pagya went to the Denkyera war when NtimGyalari was defeated. He did not die at Fehyiase, butreturned home safely. TheSana stool is One of patrilineal descent, 14mama Dwa. The Sanahene has a blackstool.Hana Artoah Pagya, it is said, reigned up to the time of Nana Opoku fTare. It issaid that the title of Sanahene is Opanin, and not Nana.Opanin Amoah Pagya was succeeded by Opanin Fosu Krah(a son of Qpanin Amoah Pagya) during the reign af Narn Q.pok Ware Katakye.He reigned up to the time of Nana Osei Kwadwo. He was succeeded onthe stoolby Opanin Dadie, a son of Opanin Jos Krah, He was on the stoolup to the time' ofNana Poku K6fie. "i '.He was succeeded on the stool by Opa'in Kwadwo:Yeboah, who reigned from thetime of Nana Opoku Kofie until the time of Nana Bonsu Panyin, Asantehene.He was succeeded on the stool by'KwakL Dadie, who was on the stool until thereign of Nan Osei Yaw Akoto. It is said

that he ws. pampered by the King 2nd hi.'h y 2avcurod by him up to te- time ofNana Agyemnar, aliL.s Nana Kkh. Dua I Opambue, the least pugnacious idn,- o-tle J1'.anis.He was succeeded on tho stool by his son, Sanaa Poku, who reignedfrom NanaAgye:n's timae up to the tine of Nana Mensah Bonsu, Asantehene.He went to the Togoland war du.ij.g the reign of Nana Kofi Karikariith QpokuFerefere Buctohsa, 0yasehene of Kumasi. He was succeeded on the stool by hisson Yaw Dadie, who was on the stool from Nana Bonsu!s time until the reign ofKing Prempeh I. H e was on the stool whon the King was taken to SeychellesIsland.He was succeeded on the stool by the present Sanahene, Opanin KojoNyantakyi.He was enstooled durinj the Senie Agya incident (that is, when SenieAgya and

others were charged for the desonration of the Golden Stool), whenKumasi wasruled by the Apam Council of Chiefs. He was enstooled when King Prempeh wasin exile. Thu King returnud to meet him on the stool. In the absence of the King,in Seychelles he took the Oath of Allegiance before the Gyasehene, Kojo Pokn ofKumasi. He later took the Oath of Allegiance bo Otumfuo with the Mpomponsuosword oh his return from Seychelles. It is said that all thu chiefs ahowereenstooled in the absence of the Kiyg took fresh Oaths of Allegianceto the KingW2± hia evruen deom Awy-,hwllwa,It is said that the only other recognised Sanahene inA.hanti is the Juabenhene' s Sanahene. He calls theAsa deene's Sanahe ne as his 'rie&d (Daiufo), Apartfrom this, all the other traditional treasurers ofstate ofP the other Paramount Chiefs are kn6vi asFotosanafohene.The Fotuo consists of Sana. It is said that theAsanttehene's Fotuo is known as Sana. It is only theAsantehene who has Sana.

-3CHIEFS OF. T SANA STOOL1st chief2nd chief 3rd Chief 4th chief 5th chief 6th chief 7th chief 8th chiefOpanin Amoah Pagya O panin Fosu KrahOpanin Dadie: Opanin Kwadwo YeboahOpanin Kwaku Dadi Opanin Sanaa PokcuOpanin Yaw Dadie: Opanin Kojo Nyantakyi -Other, iMortant notesSahahene FotuoThe Sanahene is the state or traditiona? treasurer.This is the decorated leather which is used to store the weights, scales,spoons,etc. Doubtless it prevents the gold dust from blowing away,, and, morp, makes itpossible for the trader to mani-pulate the scales in his favour.Upon keen investigation it has been found that there is hb limited weight forFotuo, either royal or private. There is noevidence that the limited weight of the Fotuo is £G8 in value, which is the weightused for ordinary t..di4ng. The Fotuo and Sanaa are almost alike, because it isfrom the Fotuo that the Saa is taken (Fotuo is the Bank of the State). TheFotuoconsti-1-u4-:; the Sana.

S anaaAbranmuo Sika FutoroASANTE GOLD VEIGHTS I. Poa-huu2. Hlu-a-eyera3. Eyera-a yepe 4. Yepe-a-yehu

5. io-ab a6. Poa7. Pesewa8. DaamaGold weights (or nnuabuo or-nkarebuo ). Gold dust.I32cd.I1*;d.I .d.10. Kokoa.0*'11. Taku A 12.':- Nkoa-:-mienu 13- Itakuommienu14..:-15.Nt akuommiensa NtakuonnumI d. 1-6. Ntakuonnan*17. So afa6d.9d.1/6d. 2/6d.2/-3/-3d. 18. Fiaso-fa3/3Ad.These are the materials used foi" tho weighing of money required for s-catcfunctions, etc. Traditionally it is only tha Asantehene who has Sanaa. The Sanaa,i-L is said, are taken from the Fotuo. Ther ' c F- rialbag for the Sanaa. There iLs a2so no evidence as to the Sanaa beinglimited toPrd-andu (.C 80).Scales: these are used for weighing nnuabuo or nkarebuo.:Spoons, for lifting the gold dust and putting it on the Nsenia (scales).Shovel for scooping'up he dustNsenia NsawaFamfa9. Simpoa or Takufa

lA LCCo no..~.4Nana Akrasi !aur I, 1A.flJ. Agyo ran-Duah26th Octob3r, 1 92ANIAO STOOL HISTORYInstitute oi2,S.u,-i University of Clicua, Le go nMay, 1 963.Date:

Subject:cnf ormuit :IAS

The Ateamlinakohene belongs to the Ankobia clan. The Ankobia clan isconstituteId bf three groups:- namely, Ankobia, Atipim and Anaminako. Eachgroup has its own sub-chief s. In the case of Anaminakohene the following chiefscome under his category:.Atenehenu of KumasiAtene AkoteneMansenheneBagyegyefuoheneand others (see Appendcix A)The laaminako stool is ono of patrilineal descent.That is an 11UQmaa Dwa. It is not a hured.itary stool. This stool is snid to havebeen created by Nana 3onsu Panyin who was knovan as Nvczz Osei Tutu KwameAsebi, when he was about to wage war -against the Gyaman Chief Adinkra. Itwas created on the same day as the Atipin stool; both the Atipin and theAnaminako stools were created for the war. Later on the stools of Atone andAtene Akotene, as well as the Mansen stools, were created by the sameking tofollow the Anaminakohene to the Gyaman war. These stools have the followingmeaning:Atone An ancient lamp, showing of light.A sort of Bamboo used for lighting, thus giving light to the Anaminakohene.Atene Akotene A light of significance, thus givinga greater light to the Anaminakohene to fight the war.Mtansen Give way to let me go and fightagainst Adinkra.This reflects back to the King hirselfoThese chiefs, namely Atenehene, Atene Akotenehene, and Mansenheno, alwaystake the Oath of Allegiance before the Asanteheno direct whien they areenstooled, but coe under the category of Anardinakohene,It is said that the Asantehene gave Anaminakohene,immodiately after his creation, a thousand s.trong guns to follow him to theGyaman war. The Anaminakohene at that time was Nana Amankwah Bogo.Nana Arankwah Bogo was succeeded on the stool by Nana Dwemaheneduringthe reign of this same King, Nana. Bonsu Panyin. He spent just abouttwo yearson the stool; he fought no war for the Ashanti kings. He died on the stool. He wassucceeded by Oheneba Osei Kufuor, during the reign of this same King.

- 2-He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Owusu AnsahPanyin. Nmna Owusu Ansahl Panyin (a son of King Nana Bonsu Panyin, mostloved by him) was succeeded on the stool by Nana Asotia. He went to theTogoland war (Hwemsa). He went to the war with Gyasehene Buabasa Opoku

Ferefere. He was killed and captuied on one Thursday during this war. So he didnot return home. He died on the spot.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Ankorahene. He went to the Nkoranzawar during the first part of the reign of King Prempoh I before his exile inSeychelles.Ho was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Tutu. Hedied during the Asebe war, that is the civil war which broke out in Ashanti duringthe enstoolment of King Prempeh I. He was succeeded on the stool by OhenebaKwame Daama. He was destooled for mal-administration.In 1900, that is during the Yaa Asantewa campaign,Nanm Kviabena Dwaben, uncle of the present Anaminakohene, was enstooled bythe Kumasi elders, and not by the British Governmnt, as the others had been.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabena Dwaben II, the presentoccupant of the Anaminako stool.NOTE :The Anaminakohene has right of access to the King'spalace. He can go to see the King without passingthrough the Ankobiahene. The military division of the Anaminako is Akobia.The Anaminakohene usually actsas the captain of the Ankobia clan because he hasgunmen. After the Gyaman war the King added more gunsto the stool.The Anaminakohene usually sits at the back of the King when he sits in state.Whenever there is a Durbar the Imaminakohene sits along with Ankobiahene,Atipinhene,with their retinue, at the back of the Golden Stool.

7) --CHIEFS OF ",~-L!A1~4'3: O2nd4th 5th 6th 7th 8thchief chief chief? chief 6-hie f chief chief chief9th chief 10th chiefNama Amankwah1 BogcChen~ba Ose-' KULV a'*Ovusu Anisah PanyinOheneba Asotia* Oheneba Ankorahen3Nana Osei Tutu* Oheneba Kwame Daama (cns':coledbefore King Prempeh' - exile)* Ina Kwabena Dwaben I..cnstooled after the YaaAsantewa wvar of -, 900. Ho took-Lho' oath of allegiance -b:ore

tho Kumasi elders boce'mU1 uZIfuo was st:'i1i. n ,Nara Kwabena Dwvabon II (present Asaminakrchene)

aco. no. AS. 43Informnlx -Recorded by:Nax-a 1uppiah Nuarah and Chief Linguist J. Agyeuan-Duah 28th ,arch, 1963Date *of AsantoheneSub je al:SAFIE -AND AIVDAJ]Il STOOLInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.Uay, 1963Glassif ic ation:IAS

The ocoupant of this stool is known as the DomakVaih.;ic and the Chief Linguistof Asantehene. It is said that the Domakwaihene runs next in commandto theAkyempimhene in the Kyidom division or clan of the King.The Domakwaihene and Chief Linguist of Asantehene so.7to the asantehene withthe Mpomponsuo sword. This Chief Linguist of the Asantehene is the Head of thetwelve accrcdi.:e. linguists of Asantehene. Tradition has it that whenever theChief Linguist of the 'Asantehene is addressing the Kumasz TraditionalCouncilwhilst Otunmuo is sitting in state, a-L the linguists of Asantehene get up fromtheir seats and shou-', " yew", wihilst the court criers shout "'Tieo" (listen), as atoken of '_ te eloquence of the Akyeamehene.It is said that this stool of Safie and Amoanim is one of mtrilineal descent. It is ahereditary stool and ias a olassificatory system or Abusua known as the "Ekuona".The occupant of this stoolin the reign of Nana biri Yeboah was Akora Nimpah.This chief, it is said, was made the Domakl-aihene of Asantehene by King ObiriYeboah. It i said that at that time Akora Nimpah did not hold a dual sapacity atthe King's court as he does today. He vas just the Domakvaihene.Akora Nimpah, it is"aaid, was succeeded on the stool by Adunnya Safie, arelative of Akora Nimpah, and of Ekuona extraction. It is said thatSafie was anative of a certain village in Denkyera called Ntoanu. This man, it is said, was asub-chief of the Denkyerahene. His father las called Esonu Empantoand was alsoa native of Denkyera, Ayamfore. It is said that the father of Safie followed his sonto Kumasi. Itbwill, however, be recalled that prior to the establishment of thepresent Brong Ahafo region, the stool of Safie's father wias under the control ofthe Chief Lingui5 of Asanteheno. It is said that Safie's father, wilst following hisson, first stayed at Ikwanta Yaa, a village near Akropong. It is said that whilst theemigrants were resident at Nkwanta Yaa they died in gr eat numbers, so decidedto leave the place, and went on to Mmehamme, an area now on the boundary ofthe Brong Ahafo region.

It so happened that whilst Safie was at Denkyera as asub-chief of the King, his wife, by name Yaa Asieduah, was one day invited bythe King of Denkyera, Nama Ntim Gyakari , to administer certain beadsand goldornaments of his for him. It is said that she was summoned by the Kingat 6,00am. in the morning, and was allowed to return to her

husband only at 6.00 p.m. in tthe evenirg. The King of- Denkyere, Ntim Gyakari,was said to be a first class womaaaiser, so rumours spread that theKing haid hadintrcourse ith Safie's wife. S'aftie, it is said.. became axgi& -.t this unhapny, stateof affairb, bu- would not voice his feelings a-oud 'sino the King v;as hisoverloizd., The icig: -o;ct-evor, h ..rO, of-those rumours, andinvited Safie to hispalace and swore the Ebereso, 'th great oath of Denkyera. that he would exoneratehimself from suspicion.aimours once again spread - this time tth.t since theDenkyerahene had sworn the great oath of Denkyera Safie would be punished bydeath, because it vias taboo for such a great King to swear the great oath for atrivial ratter of this kind. It is said that when Safie got to know of this. hebeheaded his wife, laa Asieduah, for bringing such peril upon him,and fled at thedead of night after King Osei Tutu, iho had then left for kwama. It issaid thaton-arrival at Akwanm Safie was received by Barima Osei Tutu withopen arms.When Osei Tutu was invited by the Xumasi elders and nobles to occupytheGolden Stool, Safie went with him to Kumasi. Ontheir arrival at Kunsi they found that Alora Nimpah was the Domalwaihene, butas it happened he died 49 days later. So when Barima Osei Tutu was enstooled asAsantehene he appointed Safie to succeed Akora Ninpah, since Akora Nimpahand Safie both belonged to the Ekuona clan. Thus Safie succeeded Akora Nimpahas Domakwaihene.But it so happened that Okomfo Anokje, the spiritual adviser and'confidant cfKing Osei Tutu, one day fell into a trance and ordered that each clan ofthe Kindshould nake available 77 bundles of firewood to be posted at Dwebraim.(Dwebraim refers to Dwebraim Kessim, the spot where the forrzr Kunsi postoffice, now demolished, once si-ood. An inscription at this placeshows thephotograph of the late Captain Stewart.) Dwebraim at that tiwe was the meetingplace of the chiefs and'.was adjacent to Kumasi fort where we havethe presentMinistry buildings. It is said that Okomfo Anokye warned on three consecutiveoccasions"Hwen na oye oman yeso mmosuo?" ("who is bringing taboo on the state?").As he gave this warning he 'said. that he would hand the linguist's stick (whichwas about to be invoked from the sky) to an Obirempong wi o had committed amurder. Thereupon the Chief Linguist, Boansi* Kofu, confessed that he hadconspired with sowe chiefs of the state as regards the allotnmnt.of proceeds thathad accrued at theKing's court, The King, having weighed the pros and qons of

the matter, .and being an extraordinarily good administrator, unceremoniouslyelevated the Chief Linguist to the status of an Obirempong., and ordered that

since the Chief Linguist was of the 0,.roho clan, that is the royal Olan to whichthe Kinbelonged,, he felt that the Chief Linguist should come undei hissupremocomrm and. So Bo ansi Kofu wi-thcut further ado ;-,s made the A'utuehene, andSafie beceaole the new Chief Linguis..It is said ttat tht time the Linguist's stick used by the Atutue'hone' wasc.li-__dFantenfrem Omene Sono (meani,-' the Fa:r c4'rem is mud but vhen th ulephantsteps into t-e mad it droas), This LinguistIs stick used hy Boansi Kofu is still i , tlipossession of the 7r sent Chief Linguist of Asantehon 'It is said that on the very day that the Chief Linguist was elevated to thepositionof an Obirempong - Atutuehene the Linguist's stick was handed over to Safie, thenew Chief Linguist appointed by the King.Okora o Anokye is said to have performed some miracleson this ceremonial occasion. When the firewood had been lit at Dwebraim, hedashed into it and in a twinkling of an eye produced a gold Linguist'sstick, calledAsempa Atia, for the K:ig (Asempa Atia means the truth is always limited andsimple). it is said that Okomfo Amokye ordered that the new Linguist's stick ofthe Asantehene should be handtled by an Obirempong, and not by an ordinarylinguist of a limited status. He further ordered. that Safie was to be the ChiefLinguist of the state and was to be given due respect in this capacity. As atokenof respect all the subordinate linguists of Asantehene should rise from their seatsor stools whenever the Chief Linguist of Asantehene was addressing the KumasiState Counoil.It is said that after considerable debate about whoshould be the holder of this golden Linguist's stick, the lot fell to theDomakwaihene. So the first Linguist's stick of Boansi Kofu, and thenewLinguist's stick oreated by Okomfo Anokye, were handed over to theDomakwaihene, Safie, who was thus proclaimed the Chief Linguist ofAsantehene, as well as the Domakw-aihene.The Domakwaihene therefore holds a dual capacity atthe Asantehene's court. He is the Chief Linguist of the Asantehone and-at thesame time the Domakwvaihene of the Asantehene. He is the only linguist who hastwo sticks.

It is se.fl that 0komfo Anokye further ordc 'ud that the Chief Linguist ofAsantehene should be the spoke sm. Of the Ashanti nation ajd oac nu aceounitsbould he be hooed &--u, -e-,?ounced. He is al.iu said to have created .fctish, bnan3 "yante", for thu C'h>ief Lingu. st of Asantehone. Th: fc U sh 'was Uo beplaced in front of the bLa-k (or :"'-00rJ Of the1Akyeamnhene, Ie charged the Akyeamehenc 2 ai± ?acia duties at the 1inglscourt lard - he. -cas -;o be re spons.blo fo.-: the sharing 'out of allmoniescollected at the King's court. Even the tradi-i.onal treasurer of tr-e -LUng.Sanahe'ne) was to. collect t'e King-s share of the state proceeds fP:m theAkyeamehene e;t his .official residence at Nsuase, It. was said tha; theapportionment of state monies should rake place on Tuesa~ajs P ad Saturdaysprevious, to the celebrabion of Awukwdae and .Akkwasd.a respectively. Anaggregate percentage of all tie monies collected for distribution hadfirst to be

administered to the fetish Nyante before the overall allotent took place, After ;.henecessary recordings have been made,the Recorder is invited by the Chief Linguist of Asantehene and the Elders into asacred room to have a close look at the fetish Nyante, which is placedbefore theancestral stool. It is saia that formerly gold dust was the coin-geof the state.The fetish Nyante is still alive and is in a wooden bowl called Kaduo,It is said that the Akygamehene S,-fic -was alive in the reign of King .0plku W-are Okatakyei, and --as on the stool during the Takyiran war with Ameyaw Kwakye. It will.-be recalled that when Ameyaw Kwakye was capturedand beheadedby the Ashantis, the whole treasure of the kingdom of Takyiman was takenby theAshantis. whose power was greatly increased by this victory. It is sAiQthat An-yaw" sister, Dwamorawa. iv, who was the Queen Mother of Talcjiman'.was takenprisoner' and sent to Kunasi w1 ere she who had once boasted of her riches anddesired to know the meaning, of poverty was nmade 6o 'sweep the market placesand the filthiest parts of the tovTn. It -.s said that Safie also went tQ the Gyamanwar in the reigr. of Opoku Ware, when the Gyam8a."chief, Abo Kofi,vias decapitated. This was also in the reign of King Opoku '.Tare, Asi.n-tehene.SafiP was succeeded on the stool by Amoanim in. the reign-of this same KU.ng; Nana Opoku Ware, Amoanim was succeeded on the stoolby/ ;xo Kwame Fuor in the'reign of Asantehene Nana Kusi O0bodom.

-5Ano Kwame Fuo r was succeeded on the stool by Tabiri Kwagyan, in thereign ofAsantehene Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king who fought in broad daylight.He went to the Worasa war.Tabiri Kwagyan was succeeded on -he stool by AboagyeAgyenmn in the reign of Asantehene Osei Yaw Akoto. ..He went to theAkatamansu war.Aboagye Agyeman was succeeded on the stool by Agyapong.I Traa inthe reignof Asantehene ITana Agyeman, King Kwaku Duah I. Agyapong Tra wassuccbeded on the stool by Ak uoko Ninpong during the reign of thissame King,Nana Agyeman.,A2koko Nimpong was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Poku Agyeman in thereign of Asantehene Nana' Kofi Karikari.Kwame Poku Agyeman was succeeded on the stool by Kwaku Poku Agyeman inthe reign of Asantehene Mensah Bonsu. Kwaku Poku Agyeran was also aliveduring the reign of Naba Agyeman Kofi, alias Kwaku Duah II.Kwaku Poku Agyenan was succeeded on the stool by Nsuase Amank-wah Nyamein the reign of Nana Preinpeh I. He went to the Nkoranza war. He was succeededby Nana Akoku. It is said that he went to Seychelles with the Ki ng,Akokki was succeeded by Appia Nuamah, who was appointed by the Britishimperialists after the Yaa Asantewa war of 1900. It is said that this chief was ofthe Agona clan and not of the Ekuona. He is said to have beeAa linguist ofcommanding influence who possessed the faculty of organisation. His stool hasbeen smoked. It is said that he was on the stool vinen the present reigningmonarch:was enstooled.

He!. was succeeded by Kofi Amankwah iI,I wh'is said tohave been a son of Amank wah Nyame, Kofi Amanklah II is also saidto havebeen of the Agona Abusua.He was succeeded on the stool by i'lame Poku Agyenan, who is said to have beenof the Ekuona Abusua, in the reign of the present King. He was destoolcd for ral-administration.He was succeeded on the stool by the present ChiefLinguist, I~ana Appiah Nuamah II, who is said to be a pure blood royal of thestool. His father -Was Nana Appiah Nuamah I, who was of the Agona Abusua.His moldier is said to be of the Aknona Abusua of the stool..

- 6 --CHI W18~2F_ THE, SAFIE. AND AiWgjIl,'l STOOLIst chief 2nd chief3rd.. chief 4-thchi ef 5th chie 6th chief 7th chief8th chief qth chief 10th chief11 th Ghief 12th chief,1 3th chie:C' 14th chìef 15th chi efAkora Nimpah Adunnya S a:I'ie Amoanim Ano KvTame Fuor Tabiri Kv;agyanAboagys Agyemn Agyapong Traa Akuoko Nimpong Kwame Poku AgyemnKwaku Poku Agyenan Nsuase Anankivah Nyame AkokuApplah Nuamah Kofi Amankwah II Kv;ame PokwAgy~ (aestoolea)16th nhiéf Applah. Nu.amah 1I

Classification: Informants:Record-cc' bv:Date:I'-Lubjoot-L:IAS acc. no. AS. 44Nana Osei Asibey III, Oheneba %-rabenE, MobiKokofuheneJ. Agyeraan-Duah 28th February, 1963KOKOFU STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies,Univerr-ity of Ghana, LegonMay, 1963

KOKOFU STOOL HISTORYThe Kokofu stool is a royal stool, hereditary and' of ancestral descent, It belongsto the Oyoko royal clan.Traditionally the Asantehene., through the line of the King of Kings oftheAshanti- nation, is the actual nephew of the Kokofuhene. The Asalitehene aidKokofuhene are affiliated to one tree. The ancestress of Nana Kokofuhene .andAsantehene was "Tana Ankyewa Ny-ame.

It is said that Nana Ankyewa Nyarae, th'e great Queen Mother of theOyoko royalclan of Kokofuhene and Asantehene, came down from the sky with -her own stooland rdtinue, tog.ether with servants .,who were not of the:. Oyokoroyal clan.Nana Alnkyewa Nyame, who is traditionally known as the "true Angel ofGod"was supposed to have. landed at a place called Asiakwa in. the Akim distri-ct. Itis said that after Kyebi-Asiakwa she settled at .a place called AdanseAbedweamu, a small village which has been named. after a spot where palm nutswere found to be plentiful..Nana Ankyewa Nj.ame and her retinue became hemmed in at thisvllage of Adanse Abddweamu, and ifter staying there for ten years,left for thepresent area of Asantemanso, t'h.e gathering place of. the people. AtAs~.ntemanso they met some na: ives who were resident ata particular area, then known as Subin-Agyc, that is, the- banke of the river Subin. - This area. at a .later. date 7.ecame corrupted into Asumigyas, that is; thesettlement of those .who qrossed the river to the other side.It is said that Nana Ankyewa Nyame and her descendants settled atAsantemanso.long before the great meeting took place. In fact it is probable thatthey left forKokofu before the great meeting of the five Abirempong, or the. Aistocracy. of.the Ashanti nation, took place.ir.iti.on has 'it -that there were five principal Abirempong so far asthe Ashantination was concerned, Kokofu, Juaben, Hampong, Nsuta and Kumai.u,It is said that after leaving Asantemanso the descendants of Nana A nkyewaNyame settled at the present area of KokPf" ' Nana Ankyewa Nyame, it is said,married 11ana .Achampong Owo Ahene. and gave birth to only one daughter, byname Nana Birmpomah Opesie.

- 2-,)na Birempomah Opesie, it is said, had also one daughter, byname Nana Pinaman. Nana Pinaman gave birth to Nana Atia Awerewa, who wasnick-named Awerewa Oturfuo, and to Wio sos, Nana Twum and Nana Antwi. It issaid that Awerewa Otumfuo was the most poerful royal person who has ever livedand had, of course, the courtesy of Ashanti nobility. It is said thatshe gave birt:.to tvo male royals, namely Tentia Ak7asi:, and Oti Akenten. They aresaid tohave been born at Asantemanso. It. is said that the husband of ana 'AtiaAwerewa the Great was Amofa Daatu of Ahweren. (Ahweren is a village aboutthree miles from Kokofu.)It so happened that the pres'ent area of Kokofu belonged. to acertain farmer, by name Kokoo, who was more or less a hunter, and hiswife,.Aberewa Amporofi. It is said that Aberewa Amporofi was an Oyoko byextraction. Kokoo, it' is said, was of. the Agona Abusua (clan). One day Kokooand his wife paid a'flying visit to Asantemanso and called at the place where thedescendants of Nana Ankyewa Nyame were resident. During conversationAberewa Amporofi got to know that the descendants of Nana Ankyewa Nyamewere her relatives, and consequently persuaded them to accompanyher to herhusband's are,., which was the present area of Kokofu, since they'were hemmed inat Asantemanso. Sa they went with Aberewa Amporofi to her husband's farm and

settled there Nana Ankyewa Nyame, it is said, died at Asantem~nso and did notgo to Kokofu.On their arrival at Kokoo's farm, they are said to have called it Kokofu, meaningthe place of Kokoo. Alternatively it is' said thatthey found the soil there to be weedy, and of a red colour, and called it Kokofubecause of that.It 'is said that it was during the time of Nana Atia Awerewa the Great that thedescendan.ts of Nana -Ankyewa Nyame left for settlement at thepres.ent area of:Kokofu. Almost all the descendants of Nana Ankyewa Nyame left for Kokofu,with the exception of YTana Tvum and Nana Antii, who were left to stay atAsanteraanso. Nana Abina Atiah, alias Nana Atia Awerewa, it is said., marriedthe Ahwerenhene, Amofa Daatu, and gave birth to t-o female royals, JTana Bayie,who was the mother of the first Kokofthene, Nana Gyami, and Nana Manu, whowas the mother of King Osei Tutu. Thus the descendants of the elder daughter,Nana Bayie, are the occupants of the Kokofu stool, and the descendants of theyounger daughter, ana .anu, are the occupants of the Golden stool of Ashanti. Itis saidL t"at Nana Bayie married one Oti itatia from 'Asiase, a villageabout t-.7omiles from Kokofu, and that Nana Mlanu married one Abrankcese Oiusu Panyinof Nyamiani. . The latter had only one son, Fana Osei Tutu. He is said tohavebeen

- 3born at a village Oalled Anyinam, about one mile from Kokofu. His birthplaceis now regarded as a sacred place in .shanti. There are certain people, resident atAnyinam, who are charged with the r'esponsf'ility of upholding the tradition ofthis great L.ing. It is said that on no account should any person, behe a king or 'aservant, call at this sacred place wearing sandals. People are onlypermitted to.call there with the express peirii.on of the King ofAshanti. It is said that in the olddays it Was obligatory on the King of Ashanti to' call at this place annually toperf6rm certain customary rites. These rites are now left to the discretion of theAsantehene.Nana Bayie gave birth t6 the following; female royals: Nam.vom, AjubiAmaniapong, Atia, Yaa Koko, Gyase Ekuo, and Amankivah Odeneho; and also toAdjei Twum, the last son but one.Ajubi, it is said, married IYana Abodomhene, and gave birth to the followingchildren: Nana Agyeman Ampomfi, 1ana Adwoa Penaman Panyin, and:TanaPenaman Xaumah.The first chief of the Kokofu stool 'iaz therefore Nana MrameGyami, the only son of 1'Tana Atia Awerewa. It is said that this chief reignedwihilst Nana biri Yeboah was the tumasihene. He went to no war duringthe timehe spent on the stool.Ae wassucceeded on the stool by his nephew, Tana Agyeman Ampomfi, the,only son, of Nana Ajubi, a daug hter of iTana Bayie. He was on the stoolduringthe reign of King Osei Tutu the Great. He went to the Dormaa war at AbesimWith the King when Dormaa Kusi was baptured and deoapitated. He also went

to the Denkyera war at Fehyiase, when Y tim Gyakarij, the Denkyerahene, wasdefeated and captured by the Ashantis.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kyei Kivame, who was on the stoolduring the reign of Y ana Opok Ware, Asantehene. He went to the Takyman.wardurin the reign of King Opoku X1are, when the- poverful King of Takyiman,Amo Yaw, was captured. It is said that it was during this'war that Dwamarawa asister of Amo..Yaw, who boasted of her riches and wanted to knai whatwas themsaning of poverty, was captured by the Ashantis and s~nt to Kumasi. It is saidthat this woman of opulence was made to sweep the marhet places andthe most9tinkifig parts of Kumasi. Kyei l-iame also irent to the Gyaman war when theGyaman chief, Kofi Abo, was' captured and defeated by the Ashantis.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Boayim., alias Akora Ba. He was only onthe stool during the reign of Nana Kwisi Boadum, Asantehene; Nana Boayim, it issaid, was not a direct descendaii of the stool.

- 4He was succeeded on the stool by ::ana Boayim, alias Akora -Ba.He was only on the stool during the reign of Nana wisi Boadun, Asantehene;.Nana Boayim, it is said,.was not a direct descendant of the stool.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Ofei Kofi during the reign of this sameKin-, Nana IYvisi BQadum. It is said that he was on the stool up to. thetime ofNana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king wvhofoug-)ht .in the broad day light.It, is saiC. that Nana Boayim's daughter, by name'"Tana Birago Aroma, had threesons and four daughters, narely: Du1al A-ua Frema, .Aberafi, Ofei Xofi, OfeiAkwasi, Asare' Bediako yRa, and- 2Lna Firima.So Nana* Ofei Kofi was succeedeI on the stool by his brother,Nana Ofei Akasi, during the reign of 'ana Osei Ivadwo, Asantehene. He went tothe Banda war when Wor'sa, chief of Banda, was captured.It is said that the war was a very fierce one.Te was succeeded on the stool by 1.anE, -sare Bediako, during thereign of Nana Osei Kwame, Asantehene. I' is said. that he was also on the stoolduring the time of IHana Bonsu Panyin. Ule went to the Gyamanwar, where the Gyaman chief, Adinkra, w"s 9aptured'and decapitated. He alsowent to war in Fantiland; where Y.-na Osei Asibe, the Asantehene, wonthetraditional appellation "Bonsu" J.or being the first king to place the state swordinto the sea. It is said that he was also alive. during the reign of Nana OseiAkoto, xnd that he went to the Almtarmnso wai, where he died on the battlefield.Nana Asare Bediako was succeeded on the stool by Nana Ka.ameApiagyei, during the reign of Nana Osei Yaw jlcoto. He was' on thestool up tothe time of Nana Agyeman, alias Nliana Ywaku Duah I.lana Kwame Apiagyei was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yaw Bekoe during thereign of Nana Agyeman, alias i iaku Duah I. He was on the stool up to the time ofNana Kofi l.arikari. lie went. to the Juaben war on the side of the Kumasipeople.- He was alive during the reign of Nana Mensah Bonsu, Asantehene.He Was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kyei Kwame Kumah, during the reign ofNana .iensah Bonsu. He spent ju.st a year on the stool before he died.

- 5 WNana Kyei Kwame Kumah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Yaw, duringthe reign of. this same Iingp Nana liensah Bonsu, He spent about sLx years onthe stool. He was destooled for mal-admiistrtion. It is said that he wasdestooledon the same day that Nana M1ensah Bonsu, Asantelhene, met his destoolment.lie was succeeded by Nana Asibey I during the reign of Nana KwakuDuah II.He was on the stool up to the time of Nana Prempeh I.He was succeeded by Nana Asibey IIp during the reign of thissame King, Nana Prempeh I. He went into -exile with Iaing Prempeh IinSeychelles.He was succeeded by Nana Kofi Nti, whilst Otumfuo was in Seychelles..Nana Kofi Nti, it is said, was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabena Appiah,whilst Qtumfuo was still in Seychelles.Nana Miabena Appiah was succeeded on the .stool by Nana Kofi Aduwhilst 'anaPrempeh I was in Seychelles. ,Tbna Prempeh I, it is said, returned tomeet KofiAdu on the stool. M[aia.Kofi Adu was enstooled in 1913 and destooledbeforethe present iegning monarch, Nana Agyeuan Prempeh II, in 1951. Nana KofiAdu is st:Lll alive.Tana Kofi Adu was succeeded on 11th June, 1951, by the present chief, i TanaOsei Asibey III.

Ist 2nd 3rd 4t4 5th 6th 7th Uh 9th 1 Oth llth 12th Uth 14th 15th 16th 17thKanaNana Nana Pana Nana Nana Nana 1i7ana Nana Nana Nana Nana Ulana NanaGyami.Agyeman Amporomfi Xyci Avanie B ogyim (alias Akora Bä) Ofei KofiOfei Uwasi Asaré BecUako' Kwame Apiagyei Yaw BekoeKyei-.I(wame. Yxmah Osei Yaw (destooled)AS:roéy I Asibey IIKof i Nti ävabena Applah Kofi Adu (destooled) Osel Asibey III4 99 *#&böta09 98 9949490489690 9 9 0 4 4 9 a - 9444899 9 9 4 4 * a 9 a 0- 6 .;.GHIEFS OF TH2OOTKOKOFJ ST U

IAS ace. no. AS. 45Informants:Nana Adu Kwame II, Atene Akotenhene Kwiame Bekoe, Abusua PaninRecorded by:J. Agyeman-Duah 30th March, 1963Date:

Subject,:ATENE AKOTEN STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.May, 1963classification:

The Äte n6 Akote±å s t odlbe lång å, to, the. An1cobia divisA-org or group ofl?tT~.'he j1~ai té bG&yý-guad of tkeqýKing. 'Te A to the A.santehené vithtu. ?Ahuehmyebaa' swärde' ,TSis4o iså, said- ýto have ýbeeni orejäted by Asanté~häne IaaOii bai*a~Oe Bonsu Pan~in~after theé änari ,äar ,~t djk~.Itis a tolÖf.sense, tkät is* the iaifébb''ytm hh.eo IcI"Bretuo".'$ ** ~ ~The first ocoupant of tlhis S Cool 1 -as Nana Adu TC7. 7ar:L it is sai&' that?N&ha dt ~'m-i&the -son of: A-saetee Nana Bonsuý,1anyiiivh i in-hikhLr~ton',lsas Nann Osei-;ixtu K-- ä : Jsctäted 2 ,.,this Ät00l1eý rpod<.: by Nana vf~ yéfeh ~.io-f G.yåiaw nd vJha ~d, ikaa..the G.yamanhene .~ ~~tr r.j !rhae yteAhn~.The wiar. it is said, -ias bit1.terly fought.¶t is 'sal:ätå he K1* dr.ektel-tw.st&'s>lparticöular 4y. 7£e rir stå st601?EL; :brewtexk1d ctYliej TmorXi4-iwas AteneAlcoten, and the secondsto. et&jn he-rxq.Levening,w~as Atene Akuapong. But Atene Akuapong stool is said tå~1r~oe*ei~~~'o~o h w.- r~or matches."- £Sö *tÄW6f-YCÉ-Pe4Dtii sto~~ben,9 .~v a group of people, 4-'ad'(äfi er&dhena,. -who Ql-be, responsible. for produving light for hin vhenever-.occA.sion demand S'~~~ éoe &pyng eti~ r~Olrwar or ,d.urik4gi ii& ja-d71rAt'hlii oud l7:j4 '~imaesyS v i~ X-' LÄ*It is saiä-that it is the bounden duty of the t-,,o iLtene '-kÄ é aL] tn flhz~%~~a~eto 7;atch-& theå G.6l-9nK, -gftWÖI a4-ý~y 'iP tWthe ir- r-s' c.yrein ofyTsanehen Nartia Os1i Yat ktie tt hbyeneaYwNemi hegn o'f Asantehene Nana OsiY,,Aoo.H ,.iy, otern

-alias Nana KvIaku ]buah I t11c 10!',StRU3440doug kings. ' It.,ia-7.,gaicl thätDhci.nä"týa, Nana Agyejnapý.,hiDi id ý'thxat, this-prince, anAtenehene died on;-thé' -batýtlä*f*lteld at AåýpafNÅ1 a;KI- lage, -oký an areajal) r ThJLS,-ýlat. was,fought in t)49-,epellgw,iof,.Nanä*:Köfl.K ri .-and- ' Yms-aV9 te i ý1é. summM'bitter-- It is--,séýicl-,-4that Nånå 4. haý

up -. the s ituNt-4 on *~ a.t-.4m8afäl- ädnV eto tejl-ý.baäa "i Karikari thätre:t&orcemé'n"'tý,'..aä' . lilåll.as. food ana drink.., viere desparately neeclecl.These things viere acc ordingly sent, but*Yav Ntem died on the battlefield,Ohaneba Yaw Ntem vias . u o de 66, the - s to öl by hi-s, nephev., AduOseiýleéå'h,* ih,.--tbe* rejgn- of. Åsantp-.h.en.e,,Kofi Karikari-.ý 'This chibf: it is-säicl- wänt to the Juaben vlar which took placåý- 1nýtthe reigý1ý,åf.kingKofl'Karikari betveen the Kumasi peoplå and'thp, nåben paople.Adu Osej- Krahwäs föl lowed oA.thq stool-, by Ksia-ku ApaCý 'th -Zof iJKärikari..hisbrothår in the reigg 'öf i K.ing.,.He died on the atoåLbefore Ki eh was takén kaSeychelles by tlýe BritlåAGKwaku Apav was su'oeeded, on the stool by Kramå Boakye*Dontuo, *it is said: that, Kvame Boak-ve...Dontvi.o ra-s'also; a-såý:4--ör prince ofNanä, Aåyemaný,'alias Nånå.)CO-ýku. Duah-,1.--t Lf is L said that herule'd"*ýåu"'ýAg"- thb f 't ö£- -the relgn, of Xing Prempeh I Hö v-tb*ht to thö,WoranýýKwame Boakye.ý-D6ht7.6"i7,'ié iUccäedeå' ön'Ä'he stcxål-.,by Yät'!"--Bereawabefore Kin' PP44'éh'i 1764S täkén,;;td,,,Seychelles. I is said that he was-:on-6e:å''to'Q*i t-hé n Ki &,'.JP-rempeh I vas in exile, He was on the stoölduring theAsantera varof 19001 He Tjas a relative of ýh e s.too3,4b.,Beredria wpa zxkzizee ié on. e sto.QÄ,AY YCr,: Pokuiii U4' relgn ofthi41prcgc'-nt - 08: 'Ä"é± g 9ýýn PirwäpehHe v as aestooled for mäIýäafillålätr'ätýpn.,, Hqrvgs,åUcödéäää åäl-s the stool byNanak4u\.ltiýårh" Atene stool. 'H töok-,thé'ý*ýOåtý_11 -F=Q$IaXiCO PteäätVreigning King, S ir Ne i Pråfilpåh IT 9.1kj¥ g- 114ýå spentabout f our years on. th'e.;'*t3tböi tir,

- 3 -CHIEFS OF THE ATENE AKOTEN STOOList ohief Nana Adu Kwame2nd. chief : Oheneba Yaw Ntem 3rd chief : Nana Au Osei Krah 4th chief:Nana KTaku Apaw 5th chief : Nana Kwame Boakye Dontuo 6th chief :Nana Yaw Beredw& 7th chief : Nana Yaw Poku (destooled) 8th chief :Nana AMu Kwame II

Classification:Informant: Recorded b:Date:Subject:IAS ace. no. As. 1+6Kyeame Banahene J. Agyeman-Duah . 10th March, 1963GYEBI AND BAN4HENE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.

May, 4963

It is said that Kan was a Liinguist of Asantehene Nana Osei Tutu, Opimsuo. ThisLinguist is said to have been in the Adomakwa group within the GyidoTn clan ofthe King. It is said that Safie ;'as the Domaikwahene and at the same time.theChief Linguist of Asantehene.Hoviever, it vyill be recalled that formerly the Atutuehene was theChief Linguistof the King, but it was ruled by King .Osei Tutu, at a business nmeeting of theKumasi Traditional *-Council-that on no account should a royal of the Oyokoclan become his Linguist. Consequently the Atutuehene was elevated tothe statusof a chief, and Safie, the Domaikyahene, bias,..' created the Chief Linguist ofAsantehene. So tradition has it that the Domaikwahene in the .yidom. clanof theKing is also the Chief Linguist of -,rtehene. -The Chief Linguist of Asantehenetherefore holds a dual capacity at the-King s court. It is said that whenever anyproceeds are distributed at the King's courtyard he receives double share, that is,he receives a share as Domaikiahene and a share as the Chief Linguist of theAsantehene als.'6So Kan, it is said, .ias a representative of the ChiefLinguist, Safie, at the King's court. Tradition has it that the Chief Linguist of:Asantehene alaays has ..@ subordinate Linguist at the King' s courtyard, and thisLinguist is the occupant of the Kan stool.Kan, it is said, -%;-as succeeded by Owusu Nsemfoo. itvas in the reign of OwCusu tsenifoo that Kan' s stool was smoked and becameknown as. Kan' s Black Stool (Kan Akondwa). It is said that OiUsu iNsemfoo wasthe son of Nana 0.sei Kyadwo.,. Asantehene - the great fighting king who foughtin the brbad daylight. It is further. said that Oviusu Nsemfov vas born whilst OseiKwadvo was a private person, that is, he was born prior to his enstoolment asAsantehene. On his enstoolment as Asantehene he ruled that'since hispredecessors had. ruled that ho royals -should hbld-'the Linguist' s stick, he sawno reason wThy a prince of the Golden Stool should bi" , entrusted with such .a.job. *H e laid strong empkasis bn the fact that there was no precedentfor theroyals of the Golden Stool to serve as Linguists of the Asantehene . .Consequently the. Linguist' st --.as .taken from Ousu semfoo andhe was askedby the King- to rehain as the Adomasahene. It is said that Adomasaheneis one ogthe principal chiefs of the Domaikvia group within the Kyidom clan.Nana Osei Kwvadwo, Asantehene, then appointed a newLinguist to replace his son, O°usu Nsemfoo. This new Linguist was calledKyeame Gyebi. He was made the new Linguist to

represent the Domåikj7äheÄe '-åkäl the Chief Lirig-uist.-.of Asäntéhene (theoccupant of the Safie et'ödöi at :ue ir cour t-yprdi.Kyea e-a1:!--it Jå. said,'reig ned for a very -lg ire He vas. alive .dturmng _thé rigiof .Nane, Osei, Ya'u Äkotö, saéi hene., , yebi is :suppbedto'be the-51' 6 or of~theybin-. BaprN-hene stool.Hi e vuas succeeded: on- the stool i n'.e re.ign of. this- :same Kin, Nana Osei Yaw Akoto, «~ Ow (usu Banahene . e. It is said~

that Ousu Banahene vias a, råndsån of the stoo-l .He died oh4* the .stool,'OvuuBanahene ~;sscec~on -the stQo by. KypameOlusu åsare in the reign of åsai-tel-ene Nana idensah Bonsu..,...He also died onthe stool. .It is saicl that af ter the, deathi of this Lin-uist, Ouusu Asare, the stool be 'camevacant. for some timeunite repatriation of King Pr§mpeh 1 from Seychelles, when'bneOpanin Kvabena Kuiako, a very feäthful and industrious servant. of the King,vras appointed'by the King to ocoupy this stool. It is said t-hat this faithful servantias not in any -.iay connected* vithÅ.he stool but was enstooled through the King's oVin prerogative.9 It is saii that Opan.in Xiv.ako-had speptgout thirty .yåar s onthe. stool Jhen he -.-as --sk ed by his rej.atives from Ampabåme tooccupy the,Obire.npcir- stocD of this villäge. This'village is. about. siL mile.s from Kum-asia, The chief df'.Ämpabame coL-es und.er the categor-ý ofi theKyidomdivision of the& Kins. - It is s.aid that. the . transfer of. Opc.nin,,Kuako to theAmpabame stool took, piace bef£ore -this, present.kinc, Sii:O Osel. gyet~nPeneI~*. It is..sai.d -thet Prior to, this trpinsfer Operiin K-ua.ko 'ias,*., asked by t1heKing !to-,.éifäiÉ a såubstitut:e, and he inresaed his son,KyeaxneBanahene',4tdthe'*K'ng'. IXyeamiýanahene ý aa enstooled .irp,,1949,,;,Opanin. KuTako. -is still alive. He is over -a hunar.a yearýs. old, ýAnd 's :totaLll~. blind..

- 3NOTE:It is said that the ocrurnt of this stool is one of the recognised Linguists of theGolden 3tool.SWORD:The occupant of this stool sv.ears to the Asantehene7Tith the Ahwehvwebaa svord. It is said that almostall the Akyeame of the Asantehene swear to theAsantehene with the AWelriebaa sword.CLAN:The Domaikvra group belongs to the Gyidom divisionof the King. It is also a stool of partrilinealdescent.As a representative or spokesman of the Akyeamehene and Domaikwahene, theoccupant of this stool servesas a letter-bearer between the King and Paramountchiefs of the nation. He is at times sent onimportant missions by the King.LINGUISTS OF GYEBI & BAXAHENE STOOLKyeame GyebiIst Linguist 2nd Linguist 3rd Linguist 4th Linguist 5th LinguistOwvusu Banahene Kyeame ausu ,aare Opanin Kwabena KaakoOvusu Banahene (the presentLinguist)

GlasaificationInformantRecorded bDate :Sub jectIAS aco, no. AS. 47 Owusu Penemo, Nkonsonhaene J. Agye an. -Duah 17thMarch, 1963.,MONSON STOOL HISTORY- - s-~=~ ~ss~Institute of Arican Studies, University of -hana, Legon.May, 1963

The Nkonsonhene belongs to the Gyase division oi t!i King. It is said thattle":konsonhene shares equally with the Gyasehene of Kumasi the assets andliabilities that arise in the Gyase division of the King. He also shares equally theinoo n and exp enditure that arise at the King's court. .1 1-(Though theNkonsonheno bulongs to the Gyase division,he is no subordinate 6hief to the Gyasehene. The Nkonsonhene is, in fact, thehead of the group known as the Nkonson within the G.ase division of tL- e King.The MNconpnnhene swears to the Asantehene with:the , Ahwehwebaaswor4,T.T1-e "stol of Nkonson was oreated- by Asantehene4.ana. t' T Kwadwo, the. greatfighting king who fought in t I' a idaylit. Thi's stool is said to be oneof matrilineal .descent. It has* an abusua or clas-bificatory system known, a.s"'.Asona".It is 'idthat ing.-Osei wawohad a paternal brother, known as [email protected], who wasresident at Adu Yamoah., a.village about ten Miles'from Kuma.i on the Offinsuroad. Whilst on a flying visit to his brother as- a private person:, messengers weresent after him to bring him to occupy the Golden stool of Ashanti. --. King OseiKwadwo, it is said, was -a nephew of Kwsi Boad44, id he sudoeeded him asAsantehene.It is said that on his proclamation a! Asantehene, Nana Osei Kwadwo, inappreciation of this enviable legacy that, he: had inherfited created tlis: .stoolgfNkonson fbr his paternal brother to.'mara the unity between them. He alsocreated three distinfished lin&uists I°to represent the Nkonson group at the Gya~edivision. The stools of these-linguists are as follows:1. Jachie Amoateng stool-2. Boa.1ye Tintin'.stool3. 1oakye YaxistoolThe following chiefs were also appointed to come under the Nkonsonhene :-Donyinahene, Tetremhene, Adjumakaase-Kesehene, Adu Yamoahene,Sabroonumhene, Adagyahene, and others.It is said that Osei Tiri, allegedly the first chief of Nkonson went to the Bandawar in the reign of King Osei Kwadwo, when="the':Banda chief, Worosa, wasdefeated and his head out' off. It'is saicL that' this war with the Bandaz was

bitterly fought, but at last Worosa was captured. His head was imitated ii gold andplaced on a sword, which was

- 2Galled. "Worosa-ti". This sword of att ribution can be f o.nd at the court yard ofthe. Kiri g to day.It is said that.several pirisoners wvere taken during this war.. the aduits beingsaoriLficedl or sold as slaves by the Ashantis to the Dutch and nli inthe slavennrket at:-. Manso. All the inale children were educated at the Kingts expense tobecome :soleliers.,of -a. new bodyguard Which Osei Kwadwp oQrm åundå r the -ae of, ,Nkonpong. xdliteit ~is said bhat Näna. Osei TIz'i, the. f irst hetNkonson, 'va's Succeeded-an thestool by ana' O-sel w, hi Brother.N-a 0séi'Yawf was .sdoopecled on t1m stool by Nana Omug Penemo, who 'was abrot-ier of, Nana Osei. Yaw.:Nana Owusu Penemo va s. -suceceededa on the sto ol by, Nana Boatin, hisbrother.Nana ~otnw. uce.don the stoåol by -Kofi Yofip,.It is sa id thät Nanra-Boatin.rwvas on the bstool when Kinýg, Prempp.was exiledby the >British. iråpel-alia'ts. Kof'i Y'ofle was not a true* röyai'of the. stool,'butwas appoiae -.by the kinginakers of the stool to occupy it be caus b ofYthépaazo±h ofroyals. It is said that he saw active séörvice in Ähe YaaAsåantewa warin 1 900. lie was oaptured by the British and'taken .a.& ä priäoner, Qfyiý along..ith öthers, to. the Unit ed Kingdomnu,-1t is s aid tb4at h~e died -at - sea onhi s wa.y hoTý,after' his r'élease. Eiis body was taken to Kuznlsi, .nd. buriqd j%",11åmd Kote,~ iJ. .9aboät six milos frmmKuum siG tKäfla@is aloone of the villages attachea to the N1onsoniýstool.,It is said -that ei~ tool. i*} tis chief bas not yetbpeaq, smked or -blackéned,. and hi s asoendants have theretoreno cla:4m to öhe stool. .*Hle ta s'ucceeded on the stooJ. by Opaxxin Kwaku lääbua49,ý,.,a true royal «of -the st oL.~ It is, sp.d thal he Ma~ ä the&x, tfle stool beforeKing Pre mpeh I re turne d f rom exile.. It is said th at the G.yaseher3 of Ku ma siat thisa ti fik wäs Asubonteng.Opanin Kwaka Marb,?*,as su clodQ on'the stolbyv KwiaJK.u ,Ratin,aroyal, o.?the stool, du-ring"the relgn ofth4spr~nt mfr~ki;hea diedon the sitool,

He was succeeded on the stool by the present chief, Ovwusu Penemo, in the reignof thds present king., Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. The p._esent chief is seventyyears old. He has been on tb stool for ten years.CHIEFS OF iE M NK0N STO0L,1st Chief2nd " 3rd i 4th 5th 6th 7th " 8thOsei Tiri Osei Yaw Ovwusu Penemo Boatim Kofi FofieKwaku Marbuah Kwaku Boatin Owusu Penemn

IAS acc. no. AS.48Kyeame Yaw Adubofuor (Asantehene's Linguist)J. Agyeman-Duah 15th March, 1963Dat e e.KYEREMA KOBIA STOOL HISTORY(AKYEAME S TOOL)Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, LegonMay, 1963Classificatign '9ReCorded by :

This stool was created by Nana Obiri Yeboah. It is said that Nana ObiriYeboahcreated six chiefs under this Linguist's stool. The names of these chiefs are asfollows:1. A - the village of Amoako is on theOffinsu road, via Boaman2. 0sabin Kmah stool - the village is Trede Akuroforom3. Krajohene - the village is Krapa, on the Ejisuroad. See Dote chief - the village of Sepe Dote is onthe Asokore Mampong road5. Sewuahhene - this village is on the Jachie road(occupant of the Amenbo and Sarkodie stool)6. Adensehene - the village of Adense is on theBonwire road(dccupant of Amo Adense stool)It is said that this Linguist's stool was placed at the head of the chiefs referred toabove at the command of the King. Although the occupant of this stool was madethe most senior among these chiefs they all pay homage to the King on a basis ofequality. It is said that whenever there are any Vpresents from theKing, orproceeds accruing from the King s courtyard, they all share equally, irrespectiveof seniority. They all come under the category of Akyempimhene, theoccupant ofSabin and Afriyie stool. It is said that Oheneba Sabin was the son of Nana ObiriYeboah, and that the Sabin stool was created specifically for himby his father.The Akyempimhene is the Head Clan Chief of the Kyidom clan.The first occupant of this stool, Kyerema Kobia, belonged to the Kyidom clan ofthe King (Fokuo).It is said that the occupant of this stool swears to the Asantehene withtheMpomponsuo sword. He represents the Kyidom clan as its spokesman at theKing's courtyard. He is one of the twelve recognised linguists of theKing, and hehas a right to the title of "Asantehene's Linguist". He is at times sentby the Kingon special missions. He also has the privilege of acting on behalf of theKing incase there is a dispute in the Kyidom clan, when, of course, he is directed to do soby the King.

-2 -The first Linguist of this stool is said to have been Kyeame Kyerema Kobia. Hewas alive in the reign of King Osei Tutu.He was succeeded on the stool by Onyinah Bamang, his brother. It is said thatOnyinah Bamang was enstooled during the reign of Nana Osei Tutu.He was succeeded on the stool by Kyeame Oppong Otemanin the reign of this same king, Osei Tutu. He was a brother of Onyinah Bamang.Kyeame Oppong Oteman was succeeded on the stool byhis brother Asamoah Kyeame in the reign of King Opoku Ware.He was succeeded on the stool by Kyeame Nyantakyiin the reign of Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king who fought in thebroad daylight. Kyeame Nyantakyi was a nephew of Asamoah Kyeame.Kyeame Nyantakyi was succeeded on the stool by Kyeame Daako Mprah duringthe reign of Nana Agyeman, the least pugnacious of the Ashanti kings.It is saidthat Kyeame Daako Mprah was a relative of Kyeame Nyantakyi.Kyeame Daako M rah was succeeded on the stool byOpoku Kyeame. It is said that he was appointed to go to the Bue war (Ewe war)with the Akroponghene, Kwame Adjei Pong. But as a result of a protracted illnesshe returned home before the scheduled date as arran,ed by the Akroponghene.Consecpently sharp contention arose between the Akropongheneand OpokuKyeame. It is said that Adjei Pong, the Akroponghene, further reported the matterto the King on his return home. The Linguist, despairing of the situation,abdicated. He was thus succeeded by Kofi Kato, a brother, in the reign of KingKofi Karikari. He was on the stool before King Prempeh I was taken into exile. Itis said that he saw active service in the Nkoranza war, which was fought duringthe first part of the reign of King Prempeh I. He died on the Stool.He was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, Kwaku Safo, during the YaaAsantewa war of 1900. This Linguist, it is said$ took an active part in this war,since several stools of the Kyidom clan were vacant at that time. It is said that hefled to the French Ivory Coast during the later part of the war. He returned homeduring the peace-time

-3reign of King Prempeh I, on his repatriation in 1924. This self-exiledLinguist wasnot reinstated by the stool elders. He had been succeeded by Kwasi Yamoahwhilst he was in the Ivory Coast. Kwasi Yamoah, it is said, died before therepatriation of King Prempeh I in 1921+.He was succeeded on the stool by Adubofuor, the present Linguist.It is said thathe was on the stool when King Prempeh I returned from Seychelles. Hetook theOath of Allegiance to the King on his return. He has spent over forty-six years onthe stool, and is now a very old man.Note:It is said that the Kyerema Kobia stool is one of afamily stool (Abusua). The Abusua or classificatory system is knownas "Toagroup". It is said that the

Toa, or bottleg so symbolised, came down from the sky on a silver chain. On thearrival of the bottle, came the ancestors and relatiyes of this group.The stoolin question is said to have been created at a laterdate by the king for this group.

LINGUISTS OF THE KYEREMA KOBIA STOOLLinguistI,I!t!II t ItItKyerema Kobia Onyinah Bamang Kyeame Oppong Oteman Asamoah KyeameKyeame Nyantakyi Kyeame Daako Mprah Opoku Kyeame (abdicated)Kofi KatoKwaku Safo (self-deposed) Kwasi Yamoah Yaw Adubofuor (presentlinguist)1st 2nd 3rd 4th5th 6th7th 8th 9th 10th llth

Classification :Nana Achampong Akwvasi II, AfariheneJ. Agyeman-Duah30th March, 1963AFARI STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.May, 1963Informant :Date :Subjeot :Recorded by :IAS aoo, no*AS. )+

The Afarihene belongs to the Kronti division or clanof the King, This is a. stool for the princes of the Asantehene and is thereforeone of patrilineal descent, traditionally known as Mmama Dwa. It is said thatthis stool of patrilineal descent is awarded solely by the appointment orprerogative of Asantehene. The occupant of this stool is traditionally Inown asthe occupant of Achampong Akwasi sto'ol. ?He swears to the Asantehene withthe Mpomponsuo sword, the principal sword of the King. Although the occupantof this st &l is at present in the Kronti division or clan bf the King, he

has direct access to the King, without passing through theKrontihene/Bantamahene, the Head Clan Chief of the King.This stool of Afari is said to have been created by Nana Oti Akenten, one of theearly rulers of Ashanti. It is said that Nana Achampong, the first occupant of thisstool, was a prince of Nana Oti Akenten. He is also said to have been on the stoolduring the rei& of Nana Obiri Yeboah. During all this time Nana Achampong wasrecognised as the Head of the Princes of Asantehene. Nana Achampong, it issaid, went to the Dormaa war which was fought at Suntresu, that is an area wherewe have the present Estate buildings. It was during this war that King ObiriYeboah met his death at the hands of the Dormaas. King ObiriYeboah was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, Osei Tutu, the founder of theAshanti Nation. It is said that on. his enstoolment King Osei Tutu, took theoffensive against the Dasas a" pursaued them to Abempradaase. PromAbempradaasethey fled to Abesim, still followed by King 0sei Tutu and the Ashanti army.It is said that prior to the reign of King Osei Tutu Nana Achampong, Afarihene,served the King direct. He was more or less an independent chief, not subject toany clan. But during the reign of King Osei Tutu there was a big reorganisation 9fehiefs in Kumasi and consequently Nana Aehampong, the Prince of Oti Akenten,was placed in the Kronti division.. He went to the Abesim war and foughtagainstthe Dormaas, when Dormaa Kis the Commander-in-Chief of the Dormaas, wascaptured and beheaded by the Ashanti army. It was after t is victory that KingOsei Tutu came to power and transferred Nana Achampong to the Kronticlan.His main object in making this transfer was that the Kronti division wasinclinedto be rebellious, so in order to obviate any future discord or feuds against theAban Dwa (the Golden Stool), it was thought meet and proper to transfera son ofthe Golden Stool to the Kronti clan, to serve as a watch dog within that

- 2division. Even today the Afarihene serves as a "detective" of the Ktngso far asthe Kronti clan of the King is concerned.Nana Achampong was followed on the stool by Oheneba Kwakye during thereign of Asantehene Nana Opokn Ware, Okatakyei. Oheneba Kwakye, it is said,was a cuusin of Nana Achampong. He went to the Takyiman war and foughtagainst the Takyimanhene in the reign of Asantehene Nana Opoku Ware. Healso went to the Gyaman war and fought against the Gyamanhene, Abo Kofi,whowas captured and decapitated by the Ashantis.Oheneba Xwakye was succeeded on the stool by Atta Yaw, a grandsonof theGolden Stool, in the reign of Asantehene King Osei Kwadwo, the greatfightingKing who fought in the broad daylight. He was destooled for mal-administration.The stool was vacant for some time after this.Atta Yaw was succeeded by Kwabena Tiah, a grandson of the Golden Stool, inthe reign.!vf Asantehene Osei Yaw-Akoto. He went to the Akatamansu war.Kwabena Tiah, it is said, reigned for a very long time. He became a very old andincapacitated chief. It is said that he was on the stool in the first partof the reignof King Prempeh I.

He was followed on the .stool in 1900 by Yaw Mensah, by the appointment of theBritish government, after the Yaa Asantewa war whan the administration ofAshanti was in a confused state. It is said that he was eventually destooled by thestoolsubjeots as a result of mal-,administration.Yaw Mensah was succeeded by Kwame Dapaah, a grandson of the Golden Stool.He was enstooled in 1912 and died on the stool in 1955.He was followed on the stool by Achampong Kwasi, also a grandson of theGolden Stool, and the present occupant of the stool. He was enstooled onSeptember 26th, 1955,-andtook the Oath of Allegiance to the present reigning monaroh, Nana Osei AgyemanPrempeh II, with the Mpomponsuo sword.

-3 -CHIEFS OF THE AFAR STOOLlst Chief' 2nd 3rd4th 5thtiNana Aohampong Oheneba Kwakye Atta Yaw (destooled) Kwabena Tiah YawMensahl (destooled) Kwame Dapaah Achampong Akwasi, II (Present Afarihene)

Classification: Informants:Recorded b:Date:Subject:IAS acc. no. ±i. 50Nana Gyanifi Ababio, SuameheneOpahin Kwaku inohJ. Agyeman-Duah8th March, 1963SUAME STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon,May, 1963

The Suamehene is the Chief H ammock bearer of "'santehene. He belongs to theAnokobia division of the TFing, He &Tiears to the Asantehene with theMIpomponsuo Sword. The Suamehene has direct acces3 to the King.He can cellat the Ki -' s house for consu"! ration ,!ithout passin- throuvththe .i.robiahene.The 3uartehene is the Chief of the H armock Bearers of Asantehene.It is said that the Suame stool uas created by KingOsel Tutu as a stool of a miniature kind. But it vas durins: the reignof KingOpoku Ware that the stool ias 3elevated to the status of an Obirempong. It isbotha matrilineal and a patrilineal stool.The main duty of the Suamehene at the King's palace is to be responsiblefor theSumsesefoo, Apankandwenefuo, Adwareyefuo, and also the hammock bearers..

It is said that the -Suame stool is an abusua stool and that it belongs totheEsoaAbusua (classificatory system).The first chief of Suame stool is said to have beenNana Fosu "gyenkia, vho was on the stool durin the time of Nana OseiTutu. It issaid that at this time he was not fully recognised as an Obirempong.He 7ras succeeded on the Stool by Nana Gyamfi Panyin during the reign of NanaOpoku W:re, isantehene. It is said that he :Jas on the stool up to thetime of NanaOseiKadwo, Asantehene, the great fighting king .-!ho fought in the broad daylight.Nana Gyamfi Panyin uas succeeded on the stool by Nana Krah Mmanyina, a sonof cwyerafi Panyin. He reigned during the time of Nana Bonsu Panyii.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Boakye. It is said that Nana Bookye ,;7asa relative of -ana Krah Emanyina in the maternal sense.Nana Boakye uTs succeeded on the stool by m'ia Kwad:oB ampo, a relative of the stool, He ;:as on the stool during the reign of NanaAgyerman, alias Nana Kwacu Duah I.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Beniako, arelative of the stool, It is said thrft he i-,s o- the stool during the reign of NanaMensah Bonsu.He was succeeded by Ali7asi Kyei, a relative of the stool. He was destooled formal-administration.

He :ras succeeded on th stool by Nana Yaw Daanin, a relative of the stool. It i:said that he was on the stool during the 'Nkranzw..b This war took place in thereign of King Prempgh L, prior to his exil!e in the 3eychelles. He was atone timedestooled, and later r -instated. Hedied on the stool prior t-6,.the repatriation of. Ki !'Prempeh I in1924. He riassucoeeded on his da'stoolme-t by NanaKradvio Busomoru -7yere, a relativ6: of the stool. He ebdicated Whilst Otumfuo:;as in exile, and ", ana Ybmr Daanin ijas then reinstated.He 'as succeeded by Kvaine Abuah when King Prempeh I had returnedfromSeychelles. He .-:as on the stool when the present king, Sir Osei AgyemanPrempeh iI, v,,s enstooled. He died oti thd;todl.:..He .'as succeeded by Nana G-yamfi Ababio, the presentchief of ''he Suame stool, ;7ho has been* on the s-t-ol -7-r t;h ,.past four years.

- 3 -CHIEFS OF THE SUiZIE STOOLI st chief 2nd chief 3rd chief 4th chief5th chief 6th ch4ef 7th chief 8th chief9th chief1 0th11thNanaNana Nana Nana Nana NanaNana Nana iNana

Nana Nanachief chief12th chief :Fosu Agyenkvia Gyamfi PanyinKrah Mmanyina BoakyeKviadw7o B ampo Beniako Alk%7asi Kyei (destooled) Yeu Daapnin (destocled)K .adv;io Busomoru (abdicated)Yax: Da -nin (reinstated) KYoame AbuahNana Gyamfi ibabio (present 3uamehene)

ClasifiatioalA c, no. AS 51nf'ormant :Chief Kof'i Fofie, AnonorsahneRecorded by :J~. Agye nfn-DuahDate -.14th March;, 1963i&01ANONO&A STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African 'otud ip-s University of ,hana, Legn,May, 1963Classification :is, 9

The Anonomsahene belongs to the ayase division or clanof the king. He swears to thB Asantehene with the Ahwahwebaa sword. TheAnonomsahene is tdie chief responsible for the pouring of drink into theAsantehenets cup, or glass, for the pouring of libation on the Golden Stool,, It issaid that in the old days the cup used by Asantehene far the ancestral worship, orpouring of libation, was nade of pure silver. The drinks used on such ceremonialoccasions were contained in bottles.The stool of Anonomsahene is said to have been created by Nana AsanteheneBonsu Panyin. It was created and blessed by the king before he leftfor theGyaman war, where Adinkra, the Gyaman king, was captured and beheaded. It issaid that the war was a desperate one. Adinkra's head was sent to Kumasi. Apaw,the son of Adinkra, was also captured and sent to Kumasi as a prisoner of war,and given to the Aduchene. He became a vagabond and died a natural death.The Anonomsa stool is said to have been created by Asantehene NanaBonsuPanyin prior to the Gyaman war with Adinkra. Nana Bonsu created the stool inorder that a plentiful supply of drink might bring him a quick victory.The first chief of tis stool was called Kwaku Dweben. He went to the Gyamanwar against Adinkra, immdiately after the creation of the stool. It is alsostatedcategorically that he went tD the Fanti war at Anomabu, where for the first time inthe annals of Ashanti history the king, Nana Osei Asibe, alias Osei Tutu Kwame,

placed the state sword into the sea as a sign of victory, and thus won thetraditional appellation "Bonsu", meaning "destroyer of the sea".It is said that Kwaku Dweben was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, KwakuGyekyi, in the reign of Nana Osei Yaw Akoto. He went to -de Akatamansu warand returned home unscathed.Chief Kwaku Gyekri was succeeded on the stool by Kwadwo Odae, ason of thestool, in the reign of Nana Agyerrn, Opambuo. It is said that at this tim there wasno ripe royal of the stool, and consequently a son was made to occupy the stool.As a result the stool aC Kwakwo Odae has not yet been smoked. It is said that thischief was on the stool during the reign of Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari, anddied in the reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu. Although he diedon thestool, his stool has not been blackened.Kwadwo Odae was succeeded on the stool by Abutuakwa,who was also a son of the stool. It is said that there was

- 2as yet no ripe royal for the stool. His stool has also not been smoked as a result.He was on the stool before King Prenpeh I was taken to Se-chelles. (Hewasenstooled prior to the first part of the reign of King Prerapuh I,)Chief Abutuakwa was succeeded on -I- stool by Adu Gyamfi, anotherson of thestool, whilst King Prempeh I was in exile. It is s@4& that he died on thevezy daythat the trial of the .desecration case against the Golden Stool began at Kumasi.Adu Gyamfi was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Nkunnkena, a grandson of thestool in the paternal sense. It is said that he was on the stool whilstKing PrempehI was still in exile. His stool, it is said, has not yet been smoked becausehe wasnot a true blood royal of the stool. He was on the stool on the return of thekingfrom exile. H e also served the present reigning king for a short time before hisdeath.He was succeeded on the stool by the present chief,Kofi Fofie, allegedly known to be a true royal and a descendantof the stool. He took the Oath of Allegiance with ihe Ahwehwebaa sword tothepresent reigning king, Sir Osei Agyezan Prempeh II. He has spent about twenty-seven years on the stool.Note :(i) The Abusua or classificatory system of this stool is"Bosumpra".(2) Three chiefs, namely Ilana Kwakn Dweben, Nana Kwaku Gyekyi,and Nana Kofi Fofie, are said to be the direct descendantsof the stool. Consequently only The stools of Nana Kwaku Dweben and Iana Iwaku Gyekyi have as yet beenblackened.(3) Bcfuor is the correct title for the occupant of theAnonomsa stool. It is said that Nana Asantehene OseiBonsu conferred this title on the Anonomsahene.(4) It is only the Asantehene kiio has Anonomsahene.

- 3-CH~~SOF THE AND1NOMACSA STOOL1st Chief' Xvwa Dwebeon2nd ' ~ : Kwaku Gyekyi3rcl Kwadwo Odae).th " Abutuakwa5th : Adu Gyanm'i6th " .Kof'i Nkiinnkena7th "Kofi Fofie (presentAnonomsahene)

It acc. no. 'ZS.52Informant:Recorded by:Nana K,;abena Kokofu, SaarmangheneJ. Agyeman-DuahDate:15th March, 1963SiAiMANG STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.May, 1963Classification:

The S.aamianghene belongs to-the 'yase clan of the king. Although theSaamanghene is the constitutiondl head of the kings'Gy-ase division, tradition hasit that he is not allc6d' to express. his vieris i:hen Otutifuo sits in state.Consequently, the .Gyasehene, 7ho has. n gven this privilege. by the -king, ismore or less recognised .as. the head of the. Gyase division, yiheeas in fact he- isnot..It is said .that the main duty of the S.aamanghene isto pour" libation .on the AbanIDvia: (Golden 3tool) on cereiolia4 occasions, whenthe king is uhable himsef to call at the royal stool house.,, or. to attendsuch.ceremonial functions.In the.. presence of the king, of'course,the Saamanghene.hqsno right to act in this way.- Another significant duty of.the Saamanghene at the king' s court is -to be, responsible for.the safekeeping ofthe king's traditional bunch of gdid keys. It-is said .that Saamanghene is the mostsendor chief within7 the Gyase division of the king. Traditionally, theGyasehene and all the chiefs ;:ithih the 0-yase clan come under the category of theSaamanghene.*The Saamang stool is a hereditary, royal .stool. Itbelongs to the Oyoko royal clan. The Sapmanghene swears tothe king 1-J.th the i:!pomponsuo sword. -This ancbstral stool was created by Kin;-Osei Tutu, the first .isantehene.

The first chief of -Th, S,.-.iang stool. w4s c!,Ilea, iT.nKwame Nantvi4 He is snid to. h§ e reigned for a considerable length of time andfought many j.,ars in..the reigns of four successive Ashanti kings. H e took par.t inthe first wa. fought by King Osei Tutu at Abesim, where Dormaa Kusi ;.;ascaptured and decapitated by the 1shLitis. U also sent tothe Denkyira :ar, -where" the Denkyira king, T1tim Gyakari, was defeated atFehyiase by the Ash-tis. He played -an important part in the campaign of KingOpoku Ware' s election. In appreciation of his support the. king created a specialhorn for chief jNan.t i.. This horn, which is bloun even today on cerem-6hi&loccasions by the occupant of the Saamang stool 'sb'unds "Gyesemawu", whichmeans a symbol of communication.It -ill be reoalled that pribr .to the reign of Nana Obiri -Yeboah, the uncle of KingOsei Tutu, there had been.-Oetablished at Kumasi some sort of cabooeers. There vas in fact nb recognisedhead of state, -such as the.Asantehene. Upon investigation it h~s been proved thatKing OSei Tutu, th- fArst Asantehene.,. -was of the Oyoko royal clan. It sohappeied that -these. grbups of caboce ers,.. who vere of limitedimpdrtance andknown aj Dyoko Kbdane, or the '-onfederate dhiefs of Amanse, had. al o migratedto Kumasi and hadestablished :their r.ul'h dynasty around -the area of the

-2present Electricity Department. They violantly Opposed the candidature bf kingOpoku, 'eh6'-nephe.7 of King -Osei Tutu, who had be6ii dir'.ected--by King OsiTut ur d ting his lifetnime to be his successor in the 'event of his premature death.But chief Nanti of the Saamang -stool took the initiativein fighting against the oppositi,:;n of the Oyoko Ko.1ane group, orthe confederatechiefs frcra Amanse. It took' three years-to quell this overtmanifestatibn ofhostility-.:.' before King 0ku i Ware was 2ro0iaingd Asantohene. In,cifQf ~ -.jL s hl the. king thn-cre2Z-, appreciation ofcef Nant:uihelh.this special horn .for the Sac ....stool. It iS 3-.U That chief Nariii 7-,as "alive alsoduring the reign, of Nana Otei K-ad-o, "santehene..Nana Nant-ii -.as succeeded on. the stool by Nana Ofori , Kan, a royal'of the.stool. He succeeded Nana Natt-7i .in: the reign of Nana Osei Kwadvo, the gre,.tfighting kin;, ad, was on the stool during the time of . ana Osei Asibe,or NanaBonsu Panyin. H e went to the.Fanti war, in the reigh' of this king. --H e also ientto. the .yaman o;r,-.in-;hich Adinkra, the G.arnman chief, '7as captured and killedby the Ashantis. .Nana Ofori Kan -!as succeeded on the stool by Nana Achampong Panyin in thereign of' Nana Osei Yap Akotbo '" It is said that. this chief bent to the Katamansu:rar. returned home upscathed.:' It is said that he 'eas -live duringthe re..gn pfNana Kofi Karikari, AsanteheneoH, e-

Nana Achamrpong w7as succeeded on"bhe stool by Nana Osei.i Kwaku, a ruyalof the. stcrol, in the reign of Nana siensah. ... Rnnsu. . . ,-": ' -:.,Nana Osei-.. a roya .-of the stool ee;ied.on the stool by Nana Kaw-.bena, Kokofu' I It is s.ai, that Osei Kr.aku, hispredecessor, I.-,,as alive br .n 4- .stool before king PrempehI . aa. n,,tooled.Nana Ose. K ...ku, it is 8aid, died on the battlefield of Kokof.u as - result of thecivil var which broke out duriii5 the..nstoolment uf King Prempeh I.When he:.aied q i"he b alef ield,, a new chief, Kwabena Xoko fu, w s created oh the spot,and that is why "Kokofu" was .added to 'his natia& an hon6rear' title.Kvabena Kdkofu, it is sai&, -o;ent' to the Nkran~a 'aarin the reign of Ki. g Prempeh I, wvhen th6' Nkoianz .,.peope weredefeated. It issaid -thathe wes vfl th.i sool uhen King Pr.e-ipeh I was tak<en,.to Seyohells bythe , .i h. imperialists. He sa. active ser'vib- in the Yir -s'antevya

- 3war of 1900. It is said that King Prempeh I came to meet him on the stool afterhis.. repatri,.tion in 1924. In -Une absence of the king in Seychelles,. his stool,house wa3 used as a courtyard for the st -.He vias succeeded on the stool by Nana Nant;:i Ababio, a royal of thestool, in thesecond p~ert, of. the reign of King Prempeh I as Kuurasihene. He-was destooledfor maladministration.Nana Nan-wi Ababio vas succeeded by Nana AchaI.mpo-." Ababioin the reign ofthe present monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh4iI. He t.es also destooled formaladministration. He reigned for five years. He :ias, of course,a royal of thestool,.,,He was ,succeeded by Ofori Kan Ababio in the reign of this same reigningmonarch. He also reigned for five years and was destooled for mal-admnistration.He was suc6eeded by-the present chief, Nana Kwabena Kokofu II, who wasenstooled *n 1952. He took the Oath of Allegiance to the present king, Sir OseiAgyeman Prempeh II. He is forty-one years ola.Note:The official village of this stool is Serwuah. TheSaamanghene comes from Sekrviuah.

- 4 -CLj3OF rV1JS SJO&I1 TOOLIst chiéf 2nd chief 3rd.. chief 4.th chief 5th .chief 6th oh ief 7th' chief 8th .'chief 9t6hiie f:~Kvzame NäåntNiiOfori Kanåchar!ppong Panyin0Ose i Kt a ku:Kwabena KäkoP-I.Na1tbzi. Ababio (destoole.)Achamponig Ébabio (cle;7,toolecl) Ofori Kan -21a61,9 (destooled) KivabenaKokof u II (pr.e s.erit-Saamnghene)

- 5 -LINGUISTS 0OF 'TE 9IS,0 S TOOIL2na,3ra.4th. f5th. S6th.7th.I...5*O* ~. 0@0* *e S~S* S...o &Lkro Dw~iral-cne Anko Ania od6ikro B oatiri Panin Odlikro KwakuKus iPanin Odikro Aky2 Oclikro Xusi Kumah odikro 14;roako Odikro KwakuDvwirnaj (The present Odikro)

OlassificationInformant : Recorded byDate :Subject tIAS ace. no.AS. 53Nana Kwadwo Boakye, Bremanghene J, Agyeman-Duah 14th March,1963BflMAG STOOL HISTORY,Institute of Afrioan Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963

The Bremanghene belongs to the -Gyase division of the King. At present heswears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo sword. It is a family stool, or tobe more specific, a hereditary stool, The classifioatory system or .Abusua of theBremang stool is "Eduana".Bremang -is a village about four miles: from Kumasi* This village of Bremangwas built by Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, 'the great fighting King,as a mausoleumfor the Kings of the Golden Stool of Asanti. The caretakership and'-.-dministration of this saqred area .have -been .entirusted to certain 'residents whoake direct subjects of the Golden Stool, headed by their chief, the Bremanghene.It-As said that 'the Bremang stool was creatad: by Iana, Osei Kwadwo,Agantehene., the great fighting King Whb fought'': in the broad, daylight.Formerly the occupants of the: Bremang stool, s wore'to :thd Asantehene with theAhwehwebaa sword, but the Bremanghene has since been- elevated..to anObirempong by the 'present KingSir Osei -Agyeman Prempeh II, through .his own- instxumentality' He thusopmand. the present Bremaxrghene as a faithful.' servant of the Golden. Stool.The Bremanghene now sweari to:

the Asantehene. with the. 4pomponsu6 sword.The ..first chief of theBremangstool is said to have been Okuten. Sauamang. -This -chief,. it issaid, went. to theBanda war in- the- reign of Nana- Osei Kwadwo,. when Worosa, theBanda chief,was defeated and captured by the Ashantis . . It is said that he was decapitated.Chief Okatene Sanamang-was succeeded on the stool byAno Kwaku.,..his brother,: during the reign of Nana :Osei Kwame Panyin,Asantehene. .It is said that Nana Ano Kwaku' was on.. the stool uring the reign ofNana BonsuPanyin. This chief" is said to have gone to the. -Gyaman war, whereAdinkra, the chief of Gyaman, Was captured. It is said that AnoKwakugot hold.-of'-the hands of Apaw., Adinkra' s son, and asked him the whereabouts' of. hisfather, and threatened that if he' refused-: to tell him he would havehis. head cutoff. So Apaw directed the .Ashan.ti army to the-hiding place of hisfather, whop.was instantly captured- and beheaded.' It. 'is .said that Apar, ,whowas Commander-in-Chief'-of Adinkra' s army, was sent as a war captive toKumasi. He became'a vagabond there and died a natural death. Adinkra's bodywas buried at Gyaman, his own land, but his. hiad was sent to Kumasi to be keptas: a. -symb61. of- the natioa-' s victory. :'It is said. that Ano Kwaku also went towar- with- King Osei Asibe, .. who w as known in:o6mparative history-.as KingOsei Tutu Kwame and later as King Osei Bonsu, after he had placed the state

-2.sword into the sea at Anamabu.In the comparative Aistory of Ashanti it is stated that this Fanti war wasfoughtprior to the Gyaman war in the reign of King Odei Bonsu.Chief Ano Kwaku was succeeded on the stool by chief' Ampofo in the reign ofthis same King, Zana Bonsu Panyin. He was the younger brother of An0KXwakuChief Ampofo was succeeded on the stool by chiefAdjekum Kwabena, his brother, during the reign of Nana Osei, Yaw Akoto, Hewent to the Akatamansu war in the reign of this King and returned unscathed. Itis saidkthat the battle fought a1t Akatamansu was one of the bloodiest battles thatthe Ashantis have ever fought.He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Adjei Kodie, anephew of Nana Ad.ekum Kwabena. it is said that he was on the stool in thereign of Nana Agyman, alias Kwaku Duah I, who is said to have been the leastpugnacious king of the Ashantis, It is said it was in the reign of this'king that theAshanti people became more unified. The honorific title of Nana Agyeman isPambuo, It is said that he was very friendly towards the whites andwas the firstreally wealthy!"' King of the Golden Stool. He was also an exoeticnally good.administrator.Adjei Kodie was succeeded on the stool by Nana Adoza.m in the reignof thissame King, Nana Agyeman. He was a brother of Nana Adjei Kodie. Hewassucceeded on the stool. by Nana Kwadwo Dokyi, a nephew of Nana Adomako.He was on' the stool in the reign of'Nana Kofi Karikari. It is saidthat this chiefalso served Nana Kwaku Duah II. Chief Kwadwo Dokyi reigned for aconsiderable length of time. He was alive during the Yaa Asantewaa war. He alsowent to the Nkoranza war in the first part of the reign of King Pr-mpeh I. prior to

his exile. It is said that he was over cue hundred and thirty years old. He wassucceeded on the stool by Kwadwo Pepera, on the return of King Prempeh I fromSeyohel!es. It is said that the King performed the necessary tNuneral rites on thedeath of this chief.He was succeeded on the stool by the present chief.,Kwadwo Boakye, in the reign of this present monarch, Sir Osei AgyemanPrempeh II. ' Chief'Kwadwo Boakye took the oath of allegiance to this presentKing. and has been on the stool for fifteen years.

- 3 -NOTES1. The main duty of the Bremanghene is to serve as acaretaker of the Mausoleum of the Ashanti Kings. 2. The difference betweenBremanghene and BaamuheneThe duties performed by these two chiefs at the King'sMausoleum are almost alike. Although the BantamaBaamuhene is in charge of theBantama Baamu, it issaid that on the Akwasidae and Awukidae festivals boththe Bantama-Baamuhene and the Bremanghene performcertain customary rites together at Bremang.CHIEFS OF -THE -BREMAG STOOL1st Chief : Okutenene Sanamang2nd " Ano Kwaku3rd " Ampofo4th " Adjekum Kwabena5th " Adjei Kodie6th " Adomako7th " : 1adwo Dokyi8th " : Kwadwo PeperaIf Kwadwo Boakye9th

IAS. cc. no..S.S. 54Informants :Tana Y'Tu;re Donkor, Baamuhenc of Kumasi Opanin Yaw Safo ) Elders ofOpanin Kwabena OFah) Baamu BantamaRecorded byDat e :SubjectJ. Agyeman-Quah 21st MKarch, 1963. .BLNT, M-BTU STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African !7tudies, University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963.Classif ication :

B4NTAN','' A-L4NU STOOL__HISTORYThe Baamuhene occupies the saforo Poduo. He is one of the seven Gunmen of theKronti clan of the king, apppointed by opimsuo to strengthen his ronti clan. Theseven Gunmen are traditionally known as .1brempongfoo Nson within the Kronticlan of the king. These seven Gunmen of the Kronti clan are as follows :(1)Bantama Baamuhene2) Sssuowinhenc 3) Twafuo Baah4) . jakye Bariheno (Gyodu Kumanin)(5) Lkwaboahene6 " KwanwumaheneApimaninhaeneThese seven Gunmen no doubt constituted the Kronti clanof the king in the old days.It will be recalled that prioir to the? nick-naming of the present area of Bantamaafter Baah, there was a certain village near the present area of the NationalCultural centre. The'man responsible for this village was called Osafo0 This *man, it is said, was a first class hunter ad was later nick--" namedOsafoApasuampa (theat is, Os-afo tho hunter who always has m eat at his camp). It issaid that this man was ap2ointed Bantama-Baamuhene by King Osoi Tututhrough his own executive instrument.The Bantama-Baamuhene is one of thc principal chiefs in Ashanti who occupies aPoduo stool. Poduo stool is a stool-: created by King Osei Tutu himself, throughthe advice of his economic and spirituLl adviser, Okomfo .Jokye.It is said that inAshanti there -.iro four principal stools of Poduo. These stools ,areof high esteemand arc as follows:(i) Bantapma Stool Poduo. This is said to be thefLrst Poduo stool created by -7ing OseL Tutu(2) Ldonten stool Podue() Lntoa stool Poduo(4) B ama-Baamu stool Ppduo6The Banta-Bamhene swears to .the .Asantehene With the i'. Mpomponsuo swor,.' He .al'so runs next'in command to the 'Bantamhene in th6 i 6nti division of theking. Tradition hi.s it tha-t 'Banama -.aamuhene seldom goes to the battlefield,even though the king or the na.tion is, taking the field for war. The Baamulheneis always restricted from going outside the 8eieum!*,,.foi- fear ofenemy invasionof the Mauseleum, which Is, of course, regarded as niost sacred for the drippingsand bi;ials of past Ashanti kings.

- 2 -On-the other hand, it is also stated that the first Baamuhene was a hunter at thepresent area of Bantama. This hunter, Safo, was said to store meat at a shederected by himself during odd moments, and consequently he was nick.namedSafo Pasuampa. The word Pasuampa refers to the availability of meat stored inthe shed.It is said that this hunter was very generous, and liberal to King Osei Tutu andOkomfo Anokye, prior to his appointment as Baamuhene of the King. It is said

that whenever the King sent some of his household servants to buy meat for hispersonal usethis man, Safo Pasuampa, refused to take the King'smoney, but justsent to the King the quantity required without charge. Okomfo Anokye, it is said,was also treated in the same manner.As a symbol of appreciation of the generosity 6f thishunter, the King -one day thought it meet and proper, upon consultation rithOkomfo 'nokye, his spiritual adviser and confidant, after the creation of theBantama stool, to . appoint: Safo Pasuampa, the oldest resident at thepresent..Bantama area, to be responsible for the Mauseleun of thepast Ashanti kings.It is said that the King one day suggested to OkomfoAnokye that Safo Pasuampa was a fit and proper person to be charged with, such,a responsibility. And Okomfo Inokye's : reply to the -King was that if he hadcreated a Poduo stool for the Bantamahbne then of course the oldest resident inthat area sho.ld ihaVe a similar Poduo stool.It will, however, be recalled that the Bantamahene was made to reside at . hepresent area &fter the defeat of thed: Dormas at Abesim, -where Doroaa Kusi, theConmmander-in-Chief of the Dormaa infantry army, was captured andbeheadedby,., the Ashantis, for fear of a renewed attack or invasion by'' the Dormas.So Okomfo .nokye, it is said, ad'cepted. the plea of King Osei Tutu and a&similar stool was created for Safo Pasuampa,the Baamuhend:! appointed by the King upon his own prer 0gative. EventodayA1Vtis a.violation of custom for the Wirempofoo, or Kingmake±'s of theBantama-Baamu stool to cause the degtoolment of the Baamuhene without theapprbval and consentof Otumfixo the 'santehene, although the Baamuhene may be a' profligate or aperson of questionable character., -.

Consequently Safo Pasuampa on his appointment as Baamuhene became a freeagent of the state. Tradition has it that in olden days the Bantama-Baamuhene wasat liberty to take any food as required at the Kumasi market withoutpaying for it,The Baamu people were also at liberty to extort money or goods from passers-byor strangers who called in front of the king's Iauseleum at Bantama without beingguilty of offence.It is said that the seven Gunmen of the Kronti division were createdby King OseiTutu purposely on account of the Bantama-Baamu, or Mauseleum of the king. Itis said that the king created these Gunmen or Abrempong, who were all residentwithin the vicinity of the Bantamahene, with a view to resisting any attack orsiege of the enemy. Traditionally the Baamuhene does not take the field for war,because he is the Watchman of the sacred resting place of the :Ashanti kings. It issaid that during the celebration of '.kwasedae and Awukudae festivals theBaamuhene, as custom demands, is responsible for the pouring of libation onbehalf of the Asantehene at the Baamu for the prosperity of the souls of thedeparted Ashanti kings, and the welfare of the nation as a whole.It is said that for the pouring of libation at the

Mauseleunm on Akwasedae, the following articles, as custom demands, are sentby the !santehene:-one live sheepone bottle of SchnappsIt is said that upon the strength of these articles the Baamuhene prepares food forthe departed ghosts of the Ashanti kings. The pouring of libation usually takesplace on the Monday after the celebration of Akwasedae.It is also said that for the pauring of libation onAwukudae'the following articles, as custom demands, are sentby the Asantehene:one live sheepone bottle of SchnappsThe pouring of libation usually takes place on the Thursday afterthe. celebratbonof the Awukudae. It is said that upon Sthe strength of these articles theBaamuhene causes food to be Prepared for the departed ghosts of the Ashantikings.- 3 - -

- 4 -The first chief of the Bantama-Baamu stool created by King Osei Tutu, Opimsuo,is said to have served King Obiri Yeboah also as a. subject and a hunter of thestate, The hunter. it is said. was a very courteous ma2 of Ashantx nobility.Safo Pasuampa Was succeeded on the stool by 00-isu Jkyem, his younger brother.in the reign of the same king, Osei Tutu. It is said that this younger brother ofSaf6 Pasuampa also served. Asantehene King Opoku Ware, Okatakye, thesuccessor of King Osei Tutu.OCwusu hkyem was followed on the stool by Kyerematen, his brother, in thereign of Asantehene Kusi Bodom. It is said that he also served theAsanteheneNana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king who fought in the broad daylight.Kyerematen was succeeded on the st6ol by Kofi Saamo, a relative and grandsonof the stool, in the reign of .1antehene 0sei Kwame. Kofi Saamo was succeededon the stool by Kofi Nti in the reign of P.santehene Nana Osei Asibe Bonsu, aliasBonsu Panyin. Kofi Nti wassucceeded on the stool by Kofi Gyago,a grandson ofthe stool, during the reign of .stantehene Osei Yaw ! oto. Kofi Gyagowasucceeded on the stool by chief Marfo, a grandson of the stool, in thereign ofXsantehene Nana Agyeman, alias Nana Kwaku Duah I.Chief "Marfo was foliowed on the stool by Kojo Berkye in the reign ofhsantelhneNana Kofi Karikari. It is said that this chief also serv3d Nana MensahBonsu,.2santehene. He was on the stool duritng the Yaa ..-.ntewa c inpaign of1900. KojoBerkye was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Akrok', a soh of the stool, whilst KingPrempeh I was in exile; that is,1 after the Yaa Asante7-a war of 1900.Hisappointment to the. stool was by the inf rumentality of the British1 imperialists.Though a son of the stbol, he should not have been appointed by the Werempefoor the servers of the tool in the absence. of Otumfuo. Yaw Akroko wassucceededon the stool by chief; OseiKwaku' a grandEon of the stool, whilst KingPrempeh Iwas in Seychelles Island.Osei Kwaku was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Amoah, a grandson of thestool, whilst Otumfuo was still in exile.. Kwame Amoah *as followed onthe stool

by Yaw Tiah, a grandson of the stool, aftlr King Prempeh I had returned fromSeypheqlles Island. He was F grandson of the stool And died on the stool. Hespend thirty years on the stool. Yaw Tiah was succeeded on the '-ool by KwalcnaOfori, a grandson of the stool. He died on the stool aftc- two years' reign. Heserved the present

-5reigning king, Sir Osei hgyeman Prempeh II. Kwabena Ofori was followed on thestool by Kofi Anankwah, a grancison of the stool. He also served thepresentreigning king, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. 'He was destoolod for nal-adninistration. Kofi Amankwah was succeeded by Safe Ababio. He was alsodestooled for real-administration. Ho spent about four years onthe stool. He wasdestooled on 18th October , 1950. Safe Ababio was succeeded by the' pres-ntchief, Kwa'e Donkor.He-was enstoQold on-Ist December, 1958.:It is said that Safo Pasuampa, the first Bantama-Baamuhenewas a native of i.kyem-hwenease, a village about four miles fr6m Kibi. It sohappened that Imoako Atta, the Kibihene-tobe, and a certain royal bynameAkomiah, contested for the Kibi stool when it became vacant. As a result of thiscontest, L.moako tta gained the upper hand, and became the Kibihene.It is saidthat the majority of the people was in favour of th6 candidature bf Nana AJhoakoAtta. After his enstoolment, his opponent, Akomiah, could not remain on' Kibisoil. Since bad things are more news worthy than good, Akomiah thought it meetand proper to leave Kibi for good with some of his supporters for a place ofpermanent abode. It is said that one of his supporters who left Hibiat that timewas Saf o Pasuanpa, the first Bantarma-Baamuhene-to-be. It is said that thisincident took place in the reign of King Obiri Yeboah, the grand uncleof KingOsei Tutu.It is said that on his way to Kumasi Safo Pasuampafirst halted at Kwaso. At this juncture Safe Pasuampa, the future Baamuhene ofAsantehene, was known to be of Esona extraction.Akomiah, it is said, halted at Ejisu with the majority of his supportersand laterbecame a very responsible figure in the Ejisu area. He doubtless became theE'Isuhene at a later date and the descendants of Akomiah are NanaDuko Pim andothers. It will be recalled that Duke Pim proved himself to be an outstandingfigure in the nation prior to the Subjugation of the Denkyira kingdomby KingOsei Tutu and his spiritual adviser, Okomfo .2nokye. As stated, during theAshanti war with Ntim Gyakari, the Donkyirahene, thisnotorious overlord of Ashanti chiefs harrassed those subjectstatesunder his .ule,With the result that they resented his tyranny and, ultimately formeda plot for hisoverthrow. The celebrated 0kbr!fo Aokye told the malcontents that they couldconqtier Ntim'Gyakari if they would all amalgamate and Put up a united front inbattle against their overlord.

-6.-Accordingly these states became one compact body and

the Ejisuhene, Duke Pi4, was made by Okomfo Anoyke to take his placeamongthe "Nifa" chiefs in the right wing of the army. He hrd one thousa-z d gu isunderhim in the field. In order to ensure the success of the campaijr-, the celebratedOkomfo ,Anokye requested the sacrifice of a "Iifa" chief in the right wing of thearmy. If' such a chief would fall in battle, he said, that would be agood omen forthe success of the campaign. Th& E14isuhene, Duke Pin, accordinglysacrificedhimself and fell on the fiQJ o7 b.attle one Smday (Kwasiada). Hence theat datewas consecrated to the Ejisu Oath to perpetuate. the memory of Duko Pin at thebattle of Fehyiase.Duke Pim; it is said, before making himself a sacrifice to the nation, madearrangements with the. Asantehene, King Osei Tutu, not to infl.ict capitalpunishment by execution on any member of the Asona or Esone tribe'who mightc6mmit an offence after his death. This request, it is said, wasacceeded to by the king.It is said that from Kwaso, Safe Pasuampa settled atKumasi, near the neighbourhood of the present National-eultureCentre.It is said that there are seven accredited traditional priests attached to theBantama-Baamu, whose duties are:1. To serve the souls of the departed kings byperforming the necessary customary rites onMondays and Thursdays, presumably the ember days after the celebration ofLkwasedae and Awukudaerespectively.2. To be responsible for the pouring of libation,slaughtering of sheep and the like.NoteThe foregoing duties, it is said, were in the.old days..performed by Safe Pasuampa, Owusu Kyem and K4yerehaten: in person at theBaamu. The king, it is said, felt it incumbent upon himself to chargesucha.responsibilityto the'Baamuhene and theoretically appointed 'spcial..People, known as traditional priests, to be &hargedwiththe indoor ana outdoor cer'ermonies in the Mauseleum., These priests, it is said,are always resident at the. 2usleum. Their names and responsibilities are:-

-71st Priest (Responsible for Osei ne Poku's Aboboono)The priest or chief responsible for the tomb, or a special roov so allotted for aspecific purpose, is the occupant of the Amoatebe stool. He is said toberesponsible for the outdooring and indooring ceremonies of the. skeleton, as wellas for the departed souls of the two great Ashanti kings, Osei Tutu and OpokuWare (Iboboono).2nd Priest (Responsible for King Kusi Bodon's Aboboono)The priest or chief responsible for this second roomis the occupant of Ohene Kofi stool. He sees to the outdooring and indooringceremonies odf the skeleton, as well as the

eparted soul of the Ashanti king, Kusi Bodom.3rd Priest (Responsible for King Osei Kwadwo's Aboboono)The priest or chief responsible for this third room isthe occupant of Kwadwo Fordjour stool. He is responsible for the outdooring andindooring ceremonies of the skeleton, as -. well as for the departedsoul of theAshanti king, Osei Kwadwo.4th Priest (Responsible for King Opoku Fofie's Aboboono)The priest or chief responsible for this fourth roomis the occupant of Yaw Mensah's stool. He is responsible for the outdooring andindooring ceremonies of the skeleton, as well as for the departed soul of theAshanti king, Opoku Fofie.5jh priest (Responsible for King Bonsu Panyin's Aboboono)The priest or chief responsible for this fifth room is the occupant of Marfots stool.He is responsible for the outdooring and indooring ceremonies of the skelton, aswell as for the departed soul of the Ashanti king, Bonsu Panyin.

- 86th Priest (Responsible for King Osei Yaw -ko-to's bbboono)..The priest or chief responsible for this room, the sixth room, is the occupant ofTwemase and Brentuo stool. He is responsible for the outdooring and. indooringceremonies of.' the skeleton, as well as for the departed soul of "the- ..shanti. king,Osei Akoto.7th Priest (Responsible for Nana Agyeman's Abobcono)*The ,priest or chief responsible for this seventh roomis the occupant of Kwadwo Fordjour's stool. He is responsible. for theoutdooringand indooring ceremonies of the skeleton, as well as for the departed soul of theAshanti king, Nana Agyeman, alias Nana. Kwaku Duah I.Note :It is s6id that the occupant of the P.rmoatebe stool,that is, the Priest in charge"of the room of King Osei Tutu and King Opoku Ware;is the most seniorPriest.

- 9 -lst . 2-d.3rd. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th. lOth. 11 th. 12th. 13th. 14th. 15th. 16th.ChiefSaf o Pasuarýpci O~u .,ý.kye m Kyerematen Kofi Saamo Kofi Nti Kofi GyagoMarfoKojo Berkye Yaw AkrokoOsei Kwqdcu Kwaiie P-moah Yaw Tiah Kwabena OforiICO fi .ý.mankwaah Safo -'.babio Kwame Donkor(destooled) (destooled) (Present Chief)CHIEFS OF T!ý"b STOOL

Classification: Informants:

Reoded b:Date:Subject:IAS aoc-. no. AS. '55Nana Gyase Ampeh'II Nana FriMpong Manso I, Qyokohene of ObogoNana, Atta Oheman-, ex"Oyokohene of Obo-oKwabena Asiaav', Ankobiahene of Obog oKyeane Knarne Sarponi-;', Linguist of Obo,7oi.J. Agyeman-Duah 5th FebrUary, 1963OBOGOPAi.4Z'OUIT~f T-OOLL HISTORYInstitute of African S tuaie s, University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963

The Obogohene belongs to the Oyoko clan of the king. Heis at present a Paramount Chief, having been elevated by the present GhanaGovernment.He swears to the Aoan-o'c7 "with the _Mpomponzuo .O:..The Qyoko clan is said to be constituted by threeseparate groups, namel, Oyoko Abohyen, Oyoko Atutue ani OyokoBremang.These three groups constitute the Qyoko division orclan of the king. This is theroyal clan, but the group within the clan to w'hich the king of Asante belongs isthe0yoko Abhyen. The Asantehene is the head of th 0yoko clan and of thenation as awhole. And as such the Oyoko clan is the royal clan of the nation.The Obogohene belongs t6 the Abohyen group of 'the' Oyokoclan.' Tradition hasit that the Obogohene calls the Asantehene VW"of" meaninguncle.The Obogo. stool is -a royal. stool, and hereditary As ,ell;. It is one'; ofmatrilineal, descent. It oasses from uicle"to nephew1 in the maternalsense. ,.The ancestor of this stool is said to have been 1qanaKurupoku Xw:aku. He.. i . to. have .,migraed from Xuntenas ea torin someeighte, ilss from thy. present city of X(umasi. -* From Kuntenase he clled at -dede village.It is said th'-t it -,as during the reign of UNana ObiriYeboah, the grand uncle of King 0sei Tutu, that this ancestor of theObogo stool1-2ft De kY'.ra to s- Ltle at Eunte.nase as a result of the tyrannous .' theDenkyerahene.At Adeae. village, it is said, xurupoku K'7.1-u -as succerded by Appiah Jurah, hisyounger brother, - ho 'settled at Bankame with a large retinue and members of hisfamily,. .doubtle ss descendants of Kurupoku K:aid.... It is said.that Appiah :Jurahfought mercilessly with the Bankamehene, Nana.Kofi. DiawO'. .TheBankam'ehene. .7as defeated end left the Bankarae areawith.en. legeti, the aith.' other refugees' to settle at a.,ertain village in the. district ofAkim Kotoku, called knamaase.From Bankame, vhere lana Appiah Jurah z)nd the descendants of KurupokuKwaku. found themselves hemmed in, they left for a certain village calle@

Nyixiakon in the Wia 1so district, and thence to the pre.sent tree ofObogo.Thisarea w;s said to be fertile for colonization by 'the, descendants'of Kurupoku.;Kwaku. It is said that 'on their arrival at this place, the Obaapanin of theaesoendants, as Well as qf the retinue of Kurupoku Kwaku, *ias Dufie Pi.

2 -It is said that r7-;äen santehene realised th-at the- . descennä.ntsof 1.'ur-LToluKj- had settled ýt Obot-9,o. i,-;,as over joyed and sent e;Ssarp,-, of, cop. -tulpt.onto -Chp.ObogQ eneto-be. It is mo be noted Iv th& t he -deas ignati4on .ýfAsantehene. at this time refers t.o KjA ..O)iri Yfeboah, ho of cour se, ICs regr.,Prde (1,s Kumsihene.It is so-id that Nanrý Appiah jur-]^- su.Qåedol.7 61i the.stool by his vounger brother, Okaning; in' the.ýreI.-ä ofP th is~m king' Obir i Yeboah. å.Nana Okaning was succeerled on the stool by Nana iofJ es Panin, a nephelu ofNana Okaning, in the rervl of King Osel Tutu, Opimsuo. The Obpgohene., it issaid, d*uring.. there.organ-. isation of the Ashanti territorial arm* ;:3 Ppp o~ ~he Mponuahene thVat is, a chief serving as a. guar4 or repre sentative- ofUsantehen..1 to combat the Aleim people ufho viere .*,,avg.. regarded as enemiesoiL . he Åh&..nti nx-Ätiori, at the lp onua.It is to '9e nled ~'u lt.i" eouite recently thå Obogohen&~ T,-as a member of the .e-,wunasi c!1vlsion of -;'5e kCin, and the king had the right to appoinlt 1iin cslspionahene.This chief,ý Kofi ILese Ilanin, it is~.saidf i cs sui.c: e;i~ c9 on thestool by Kofi.Tieku ix;d:n the o'samne king, Osei Tutu.Na±ia K'r;aku Tieku. 7mi ,-*as succeederi, onth t1 Kraku Amp.pb..,in the. pei~~of ~sne~ si~, 1fought the äcatainansu -3xå lIt is s-i. that ss.c d.e alie st W'ar thtAe shantis ever.f ought. This. öhief it is said, tqo. -the UJtit.7e iii fighting yi-gQ,,tdsly73theside. of Aban ])-..-a (C.o1iden ito.olL). He re-tutre- hli unscathed, and died a nc-tuxrlý death 2-A Obogo on e' stä_01."Nan. Kvaku Tieku s~~ ucc.eecledä-on the stool bY',\ , nåi Kuaku. Apentengé~It is sadthat he f ought the br-ttlc pr~ Wamera in thereign of this sae king, Osei,Ya, oo ~ethe Akatain ansu iar : 'Ie ded on. the. battlefield.1Hp uds f oilol.ed on the stool.by Ba-fuor Yaw 7..vro iJn the reign o' .stute.heneNana Agye an, ip-s cnz, - Duah . If i said that hQ fouýyht_ the battle. ofJukrw7n and- É.bakranlpél-, and died on the battlefield6 *V

Bafuor Yaw was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Aniapeho He. iias .estooled in,1901 for ral-administration.Yav Aniapeh. was succeeded by his brother, Kvame Adare.It is said that he abdicated. in the very year of his'enstoolment.Kwame Adare vias succeededby his brother, Ya: ,ssianeh.

He died on the stool. H6 reigned for a period of'15 years,. It is statedthat he w.:asthe first chief to be appointed .Omanhene by the British Government. This wasduring the adzini stration 'of martial lawv in Kumasi just after the.Yae Asante,:a,.ar of 1900. This chief must have taken the initiative on the side of theBritish andwas appoin&tbteupora,y Paramount Chief as a token of respect, t0o' .e.t' .. , .-,caprices and fancies of the Bri bih imperialists..He was succeeded on" thc, stool by Yav; Aniape.h, jwho hcdpreviously been destooled -or l-administrati.i; YL.. napeh, it is sqid, wasreinstated in the generci belief thait during his period- of office he hadbeenpromised the title of Omanhene by some British diplomats who waerethen knornas colonial officers, and that his second term of. office .ilouid :notcauseconfusion on the pc-rt of the British .4veriuent. It is said-that after some time thischief ;-,'s once a" ;iAn de s toled for mal-administrat- on. ' -"Yaw Aniapeh was su&'eeed edby Kv asi Bosumt-,e..i He as also .destooled formal-administration.Kwasi Bosumtwe was 'succeeded by Y: OIausu. It is said that Yaw Oviusu had nolegal right to the stool, .sincs he':as not ah ac'oredited roSral of the stool, but was -'e'stooled by the consent of the" entire poi,ulace on the assu-miption that a debt of4G 180 owed b'y the State w. .odld be settled by' this rran without delay. Hovever,he failed to pay the. ebt, hisposition as Obogohene --i--s rather farcical. It is said thatprior to his enstoolment he :as a linguist attached to the Obogo stool. Though hedied on the stool, his stool has nct yet been blackened, because hew s not n royalof the stool as custom demands.It will be recalled that Ania.peh, on his reinstatemeat,had incurred a debt of PG 180. Nana Yaw Ovusu, I--s successor, then a linguist ofthe 0bob;,c sto'ol, romised to re eoa7, > debt, provided that he m, DadeObogohene. After the ".ees.2 negotiation, houever, he refuted toreieem the debt.N

Nana Yqxj Ouusu, it J-s .siwas f ollowed on Vie stool by-ICwame Ahunuwuo,A1thou,-, .-;..'1 ii: ä bunu,,iuo paidi off the £G 180 å.s his personal ä e bt, he viasdestooled,jor malaUniis-ration. -H e as succeededl on th e stool by Krane Appiah, vio ia aJ.8o deåtooled a-tedr aýshorýt rei:gnKramae Appiah -vcis- succeeded by Ku si B o.aduniYaw,. a trueroyal of the stool. H-l wasalso destooled for mal-administration .He spentfour.ears on the-stooi, . rom 1931 to 1935, Just vwithlin the reign'of the presentkinr, Sir Osel Agyeman PrempehN~~~~a- äsBodmYx as suc<ceeded by Kot i öl:rthe rei-,-n of -this sar-me-zionaroi; :3ir Os qJ§ ma f-rerp h II. Heabdicä+ted-after a short-reiäln.Nania Kvofi Durovias succeeded b- £oiBnn in the reign of' this present reigningrnonarch. H e .-as -als-o destooled for mä1-ådnini1stition.dHvassué»eeOeclj öiw the stool by Nsaria A.penteng II, in; the rejin -of ý'Sir'Osexi ÄyE'rnan. Frenmpeh II. It.-is said. that., he died op. the. stoo1.* It 1is said.that. Of or:'oejp vias; not -,,;ue r dya. of'thestool. nen

"Ha -a a'sfolloviäadå Ö ÄcX h.1 t fLby Sana Czyasi. ,.'cpresentOmanhene ofObogo. .,,,Ps eirt ooled on 3rd AugUsty1961. it T-,as during his terma -X office that U he Obogo-: stooJ.aselevå --el t,~ h'~u of an Ornanhene viith full rightg,.,and privile,!Des, as enacter by the la of the land unäer the present Government ofGhnna.

CHIEFS OF THE OBOGO STOOLIlst chief Kurupokv K.7-a-ku2nd chief Appiah Jurah3rd chief OkaninL4th chief Kofi Kese Fanin5th chief Kofi Tieku Anisare6th chief K'7a10 i "peh7 th chief Kv7aku Aperiteng8 th chief Br:.,uor Yaw Du::o9th chief Yavi Aniapeh (destoolccl iv Oi10 th chief K-:ame Adare (abaicatea)11 th chief Yavi Assjarnah12th chief Yar. Aniapeh (re-enstoolea)13th chief Kwasi Bosunt7e (destoolei)1 4th chief YnA OrbJUsu15th chief Kvarae Ahunuwuo (aestooled)16th chief Kiwaine Appiah17th chief Kusi Boadut Yawi (destooled)18 th chief Kofi Duro II (abdicated)19th ohief Kofi Bening (clestooled)20 th chief Of orihene Apenten, II21st chief Gyasi Azpeh (-.r:sc3nt 0-,.w,,nheneof Obog-U)

Classification :Informants Recorded bvDate :Subject :IAS ace. no ,Nana Alkua Afriyie, 0yoko Bremanhene Nana Osei Yaw, Odikro ofDadiaseJ. Agyeman-Duah 30th April, 1963oYOKO BBEWMN STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963AS. 56

The Oyoko Bremanhene is the senior chief of the Oyoko Breman group of theOyoko clan of the king. The Oyoko clan

of the king is constituted of three separate groups, namely Oyoko Abohyen,Oyoko Atutue and Oyoko Breman. Each of the groups is iependent, andtheOyokohene of Kumasi is the accredited Head Clan Chief of the Oyoko clan of theking. The chiefs of the Oyoko clan of the king who constitute the Oyoko- Kuduoare .as follows :Oyoko Abohven1. Oyokohene of Kumasi2. Kenyasehene3 . Mampontenhen e4. A4yinaseheneQyoko Atutue5. Atutuehene of Kumasit 6. A henkrohene (now a Paramount chief)7. Pttmpasuhene,8. AWiemheneOyoko Bremang9. Oyoko Bremanhene of Kumasi,10. EseresoheneThe OyokJ'Bremanhene can go to the Asantehenefor aprivate consultation Without passing through the Qyokohene of Kumasi, bet&isdhe owes direct allegiance to the Asantehene. Hd swears to the Asantehene withthe Mpomponsub sword.The Oyoko Breman stool is one of matrilineal descentand belongs to an Abusua or family known as the 0yoko Kuduo of the king ofAshanti.In the old days the ancestor of this stool, known as Nana Aboro, is said tohavecome from an area in Kokofu known as Adwumamu with relatives and retinueand stayed at a place in the present area of Kumasi known as Lsamang.This place of abode of Nana Abore could in ancient times befound round about the present vicinity of the Government Electricity Department.That is, an area adjacent to the present Government' Catering Rest House.The mother of Nana Abore was an Obaapanin in her own right, called NanaOhuaa Kumaah. It is said that she accompanied her son to this vicinity with thei*own stool.

- 2This ancestor, it is said, became the Asamanghene of this area* Asamang means aplace of landing or a suitable place of landing. It is said at this time theAsamanghene held boundary lines with some Kumasi cabocceers, namelyTafohene, Amakomhene, Kaasehene, and the like. At this time the seat ofKumasi was then known as Kwamang.It is said that this migration of the 0yoko. Breman.peopletook place'during ..the reign of Nana oti Akenten, a Kokofu man whohad thenestabltshed a ruling dynasty in the future town of Kumasi. There is evidence ofthe best possible kind that Nana Oti Akenten was a matrilineal decendant of theOyoko clan. His father, of course, was an Ekuiona man.In Ashanti the question of patrilineal e~ogamous division does not arise withregard to the successioi ','-roperty, or of any distinguished stool, since there is no

evidence that the Ekuona people were the ruling factors of the nation.The claimtherefore put forward by some of the Ekuona people that they were theoriginalfounders of the Ashanti nation is nonsense.It will, however, be recalled that during .the course ofinvestigation into the Ekuona clan history, I was convinced that there existed inthe period around 1580 a group of.calocceers in the district of Amansie.Assuming that Twum and 11ntwi, Kobia Amanfi and presumably Oti Akentenwere of the Ekuona extraction in a paternal sense, then it does meanthat thesecabocceers were in a position to establish a ruling dycasty like that of King OseiTutu. Having called at Asamang, ,a village in the Kokofu area, there issome sortof linguistic evidence that a ruling dynasty was established by thecabocceers ofAmansie. But if one accepts the evidence of the Ekuona people that they. were theoriginal members of the Ashanti nation, then one has to pause for a while andthink seriously about the terminology of these Ekuona people. ...Doubtless the reign of.-these Amansie cabooceers,.namelyTwum and nthwi, .and Kobia 1nanfi, was one of thrilling .narrative. Their reign,of'6o"prse, marked the end of an epoch.There is -evidence of the-best:possible knd that prior to the reign ofKing 0seiTutu, who haile4:fom-r-, the Oyoko clan, there was no Asantehene. Even theEkuona people aver that King Osei Tutu was the first Asantehene.

- 3It is therefore most unsati sfactory for any experienced historianof modernAshanti organisation to base his argument in writing the history of Ashbnti ondata collected from the descendants of these Amansie cabocceers. Ifor onewould not accept. the evidence of these Amansie cabocceers as substantial enoughto form the basis for a history of this new Ghana of ours, since the evidence oftheir descendants is full of ambiguitiesand distortions..'t the same time to place any story emphasis on the part played bythe Amansiecabooceers would be damaging to the courage, rather than patronising. I saywithout reservation or mincing of words that prior to the reign ofKing Osei Tututhere ws nothing resembling Kumasi state or the Ashanti kingdQm.. If anykingdom existed at all in Ashanti, then what was its name? I do, however, acceptoral evidence that there were some headmen of individual groups round about thearea of Amansie, but whether they were united in any fotlm under a sipreme headremains doubtful. If they did have any such organisation, who was their chief?History, as we all know, has often been offered at thehands of its professed exponent,. In :a measure, it has been almost falsifiedo Ithas some times been eonverted into a record of the doings of the great men of thisworld, of the lives of kings and statesmen and other peers. But if history isanything, it is the record of a nation's life, and a nation is made up rather of itsmore insignificant membersthan of its heroes. To know the deeds of King Osei Tutu and his 'ancestors is notto know the history of ^shanti in general and Kumasi in particular. I have thoughtit meet and prop6r. to base all my records. on King Osei in that he. was the

founder of the n~tion, and prior to his reign there was nothing resembling theAshanti nation. Althcugh thereexisted cabocceers with the trappings of great chiefs, there was no 'such supremepower as King Osei Tutu..There is one fact which should not escape any greathistorian, and that is, history can be learned only if the feelings and lives of themasses in each country are understood and appreciated.Nana Abore was succeeded on the stool by Nana Beniako in the reign ofKingOsei Tutu, the first Asantehene of the nation. Nana Beniako, it is said, went tothe Dormaa war fought at Abesim in the reign of King Osei Tutu, where

Dormaa Kuki was captured and -decapitated by the Ashantis. Nana Beniako wassucceeded on the Stool by Nana Ntore during the reign of Asantehene OpokuWare: This chief, it is said, went to the Takyiman war where Ameyaw, theTakyimanhene was defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis.Nana Ntore was succeeded on the stool by Nana Amoako inthe reign of this same king, Opoku Ware. It so happened 'that whenNanaAsantehene Opoku.vWare was for the first time waging war against theGyamanihene, Kofi -Abo, Okomfo Anokye, who was still the spiritual adviserand confidant of the Asantehene, predicted that before the Ashantis could winvictory in this war, one of the Oyoko clan chiefs constitted by King Osei Tutushould make a saorifice of himself. After the-v~arious members of-the 0yokoclan of the king had failed to respond to Okomfo Anokye' s appeal, theAsamanghene, called Nana Amoako, who was an 0yokoby extraction, offered'to sacrif'ioe himself for the nation. The Bantamahee., theCommander-in-Chief of the Kumasi division infantry army, went tothis war. TheEseresohene, a member of the Oyoko clan as constituted by the king,is also saidto have gone to this war, which was considered to be one of hostilities. It is saidthat Nana Amoako was shot alive at this battle as he sat on his seat. TheAsantehene, Nana Opoku War,highly commended this..chief and conferred thetitle of Oyok0 Breman on his-descendants, meaning the patriotic chief, or thechief who has' suffered for the well-being.of the state.Nana Amoako was succeeded on the stool by Nana Boroko in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting!""" king, who fought in .thebroad daylight. It is sai4d that thils chief was also on the stool in the reign ofAsantehene Osei:"Kwame, the only surviving son of Mamponghene 6safoKantanka.It Vd-ll be recalled that when Otumfuo Nana Osei Kwame,-the Asantehene-elect,and-the only. suvwing son of the Mamporghene, Nana Safe Karntanka, was-coming' from Iampong to Kumas to occupy the GoldenStoo. of Ashanti,theOyoko-Bremanhene, Nana NtooBoroko, conspired with some members of theKumasi Traditional Council of chief.s to oppose the candidature of Nana OseiKwame, a direct descendant of King Osei Tutu; -they preferred the candidature ofa certain colateral royal from Ano in the Kokofu district.

. 5

It is said that during the reign of Nana Attakora Panin, the Mamponghene, therewas only one surviving female royal of the Golden Stool (a direct descendant ofKing Osei Tutu) who was known as Nana Aberafi- Yaa. Queen Mother ofAshanti. Unfortmately Nana Attakora Panin became blind through "a complicatedsystem of incompatibles as predicted by the Oracle". He was succeeded on thethrone of Mampong by his nephew Asumgyima Penemo. Asumgyima Penemoalso married Abrafi .Yaa, the Queen Mother of Ashanti, his Uncle' s. widow, forfear that there would not be a direct descendant of King Osei Tutu tooccupy theGoldenhStool..of-Asbanti at some future date.. Nana Aberafi Yaa Ja ter broughtforth Nana Konadu Yiaaom, who was to become the Queen-Mother of Ashanti.When Asumgyima Penemo,!died, his nephew, Nana Kantanka,also married his uncle' s widow, Aberafi Yaa, the Queen-Mother of Ashanti, andhad two daughters, Ama Serwah Awukuwaa andSerwah Dente. Nana Safo Kantanka also married Aberafi Yaa's daughter, NanaKonadu Yiadom, Queen-Mother of Ashanti, and she brought f'orthtwo daughters,Nana Ama Sebvrah and Ama Servah Baban, and one son, Osei Kwame, the futureAsoantehefte.When Nana Osel Kwame was about to be enstooled as the Asant6hene, theMamponghene, Nana Attakora Mensah (who had then succeeded hisuncle NanaOsafo Kntanka) tb-ought it advisable to mobilise forces from the Bton'Kempimfor fear of the strong opposition that had been set up by the OyokoBremAnheneand some members of the Kumasi Traditional Council of 6tiefs. -TheMamponghene became infuriated about the unhappystate f affairsj and marched from Mampong with his mobilised forceto Kumasi.Singing the military song "Osum se Yenbra Yaa b@. psum se Yenbra Yaaba,Okyere Berebi a Yebeye Ama Nuoo'", they immediately rushed to themeeting ofthe Kumasi Council of chiefs 'then being held at Dwebraim (near the present.inistry Buildings)eOn arrival at Dwebraim, where the Kumasi TraditionalCouncil was in session, the amp6nghene, Nana Attakora lMensah, called hisExecutioner, Konkonti (a very tall executi6ner and probably the tall~stexecutioner who has ever livyd in Ashanti), who responded Nam , that is, to beready to have the OyokoBremanhene decapitated. The.Mamponghene, havinggiven the order to his Executione3 with the words Kutukm, and Konkonti havingresponded Ote Man , he cut off the head of Oyoko-Bremanhene,I. Nam - meaning "Ready to execute duty"2. Kutukum - "Cut off the head."3. Ote Man - "The head will without doubt be brought to you"

Ntoo-Boroko of the Oyoko clan of the Kumasi Traditional Council,who wassupposed to be the ring-leader of the conspiracy.'This act of the . amponghene created a great sensation in Kumasi, and there wasan uproar among the remaining chiefs of the Kumasi Council, who immediatelyallowed the enstoqlment of Nana Osei Kvame, the true descendarit ofKing OseiTutu.

Nana Noo"Bor6ko was succeeded on the stool by'"Nana Amankwah,a nephew ofNana Ntoo-Baroko, who, it is said, was enstooled in the reign of the AsanteheneNana Osei Kwame, that is, after the decapitation' of NtoQ-Boroko by theMamp6nghene.Nana Amankwa was succeeded on 'the stool ..by Nana Okwa, a nephew of Nana.Amankwah. He was popularly kno-vm as Asamang Okmw.: Nana Okawwassucceeded on the stool by his brother, Kwaw Kofi.Nana Kwaw Kofi was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, KwabenaAsamoah.Kwabena Asamoah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kofi Nyame, his nephew.Nana Kofi Nyame was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yaw Boaten, his brother.Nana Yaw Beaten was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Kwaw, his brotherNanaYaw Kwaw was .succeeded on the stool by KofV_ Amoako in the reignof thispresent monarch, Sir Osei.Agyeman Prempsh II.He was delstooled for an act of conspiracy. against the king.* Nana Kofl Amoako was. succeeded by Nan A) ;a Afriyie, the pre snt occupantof the stool, who is'a female.Note :The military dIvi'son of the 0yoko-Bremanhene is the* Kronti division of the King.

- 7CHIEFS OF 0YOKO-BREMAN STOOLI st Chief : Nana Abore, who was on the stool in the reign of Nana Oti Akenten.2nd " : Nana Beniako, in the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Tutu.3rd " : Nana Ntore, in the reign of Asantehene Nana Opoku Ware.ith " Nana Amoako, in the reign of the same King,Opoku Ware.5th Nana Ntoo-Boroko, in the reign of AsanteheneOsei Kwadwb. Decapitated by. Mamponghene on the enstoolment of OseiKwame as Asantehene,and, successor to King 0sei Kwado6th Nana Amankwah, a nephew of Nana Ntoo-Boroko.He was on the stool in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwame.7th Nana Okaw, popularly known as Asamang Okaw,a nephew of Nana Amankwah. Reigned during the time of Asantehene NanaBonsu Panyin. Went to the yaman war where Adinkra Kofi, the Gyasehene, wasdefeated and captured by the Ashantis.8th : Kwaw Kofi. He spent just 40.days on thestool and met a premature death.9th : Kwabena Asamoah, a nephew of Kwaw Kofi.10th i : Kofi Nyame, a nephew of Kwaw Kofi. He was destooled for mal-administration.11th I : Yaw Boatin. He was a brother of Kofi Nyame.He died on the stool whilst King Prempeh I was in exile in Seychelles Island.

- 812th Chief Yaw Kwaw, a brother of Yaw Boatin. He

was enstooled during the second reign ofKing Prempeh I, that is, after his repatriation from Seychelles Island.; He wasdestooled fox mal-administration.13th : Nana Kofi Amoak6 . He was enstooled sometime in 1955 in the reign of this presentmonarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. Hewas destooled far an act of conspiracyagainst the king.14th " : (Femal'e)' Nana Akua Afriyie. She is thepresent occupant of the stool.

Classification :Inf ormant ':Chief Kofi Nyame, .santehene'sNent iaheneJ. ,gyenan-Duah18th April, 1963.MIA STOOL UISTRYInstitute of African Studies,University of Ghana. Legon.June, 1963.Date :I;3 ace,no , '. .57

.ENTIh STOOL HISTORYThe Mentiahene swears to the Isantehene. with the .hwihwibaa sword'. Hebelongs to the Gyase division of the kin_,- rnd owes .direct allegianceto the king.The Mentia ste.ol, or the stool of the short horn blowers of santehene, is r ,c; rlylstoc.l and is therefore not hereditary. It. is . stool for the household'servants of theking who -re, of c-,urse,, horn. blowers. Appointment to this stoQl is thpprerogative tight of the King.'On the other hand the king can, in coilsultation with the Wirenpefoo, or the'king-makers"of the stool, elect . suitable candidate who must, of course, be conversantwith the blowingof the short horn and its incantatiohs, and a nemller of -the Mentia group in theking's household, to occupy this stool.This stool, it is said, was created by King Osei Tutu, Opimsuo.*The first chief-of this stool is said to have-beenLkwasi Aiko L.no. He went to the Denkyira war against Ntim Gyakari, theDenkyirahene,. who was defeated at Fehiyase. It -is: said that Akwasi Ako !noWas one of the seven princi-pal servants of the king who went to the. battlefieldwith .him during' this war.The names of these seven principal servants of the kingwere : -

~2) S4)(7)Ajankwatia IanyinKwame Nantwi, S-uang"hene 'Kurobua Ldabanka, Chief Stool Carrier of the.Golden-Stool.L kwasi Ako 1-.o, Mentiahene Oframo, holder of I.santehene's gun in the. K ronticlan Era Domese, Dominasehene Ansere Tuni, AkropongheneNana Akwasi Ako Imo was succeeded on the stool by .chief Owusfrranyin, hisbrother, in the reign bf "Isantehene Opoku Ware, Okatakyei. This chief, it is said,went.to the Takyiman war, where Ameyaw, the Takyiman chief, was &efeatedand captured by the Ashantis.-.He also'went to the Gyaman war,' wheridAbq, Kofi, ther.Gyaman chief, was defeb'fed and capturea i.by. the ,Shantis. He. alESo wen tt owar with the king at :A.kim, .when- -A.biremwuo,.. the Sefwi chief,hed invaded:Kurasi and caused havoc to state properties and the like.

-. 2- Owusu Panyiil was succeeded on, the stool by Owusu Kumahii he reign of Asantehene Kusi. Bodom. It is said th-t Owusu Kumah was on thestool in the reign of ,santehene Osei Kwadwo the grcat fighting kian: who*fought in the broad dt.y light. It is said that this chief, Owusu'Kumah, went to thePanda war where irosa-, the Banda chief, was defeated and captured by theAshantis. This war, it is said, was the post deadly war ever fought bytheAshantis in that century. The D&diesoabahene of Kurxtsi, it is said, wasappointed Commander. in-Chief of this war by the king.Chief Owusu Kumah wa.s succeeded on the stool by..chiefKws!._u Akyreenu, a son of chief Owusu Panyin, in the reign of Asnahtehene,Nana Osei Kwame Panyin. It is said that Nana Kwaku !kyqremu.was bn thePtool'in the. reign of Nan2. Bonsu Panyin. This chief, it is said, went to'the Fantiwar at* M-omabu with the king, Nana Bonsu Tanyin, alias Nam.t Osi TutuKwame, where the king won the traditional appellation of Bonsu for being thefirst -Lsantehene to place the state sword of Ashanti into the sea. He also went tothe Gyaman-war with'the king when -.dinkr, Kofi, the Gyarnan chief, was defeated, capthredand behadod by the 'shantis. This chief Akyeremu, it is said, was on the stool inthe reign of Asantehene Osei Yaw Akoto, and went to the ,katam1msu war. Hereturned home unscathed.Chief Kwaku Akyeremu was succeeded on the stool by chief Appiah Kubi in thereign of this sane k'ing, Nan. Osei "koto. This chief, it is said, was on the stool inthe reign ofNana Fredua Agyeman, the leC.st pugnacious of the fshanti kings.Chief AppiahKubi was on the stool up to the reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu.,Chief"Appi.h Kubi was succeeded on the stool by chief Kofi Boafo, who, it issaid, was on the stool before King Prempeh I was enstooled.

SKofi Boafo was succeeded. on the stool by Atweede, who. was aon of dhiefKwaobena 0wusu Panyin.:Atweede was succeeded on the stool by Kwaku Boati, a, gramdson of the stool,before King Prerapeh I was taken to Seychelles .Island. by the BritishImperialists. . K waku Boati was. ot' the stool:during the Yac-L As6antwa, war of'1900, He., took The side., o- the ,b,-tn. Dwa (Golden -Stool,) and was.- therefOr'destoole!d'by .. Br-ti-sh, who. had then taken over :the-adiini strationOf"'the"rtate. .

He was succeeded by chief Kofi Nyame, the present occupant of the stool. It issaid theft King Prenpeh I crae to meet this chief, who had beon installedby theKuinsi Apam Council, after his repatriation fron Seychelles Island. Kofi Nyamethen took a fresh Oa:th .f Ullegiance to the Hin-. He has spent about forty-fouryears on the stool and is a very old man of ninety-six, incapacitatedand totallyblind.Note :The duties of the Mentiahene and his collcagues or subordinate horn blowers areas follows:(1) To wake Asantehene from bed with the blowing ofhorns on such ceremoni,.l occasions as 11asedaeand Awukudae festivals, between 4.00 a.m. and5.00 a.m.(2) To be responsible for >loiTing the horns at theAwukudae and Akwasedae festivals.(3) To call at such sacred places as Bantama Mauseleumand Bmpaase Mauseleum with the king on Thursdays and FNondays after thecelebtation of the Awukudaeand Lkwasedae festivals respectively for theperformance of certain customary rites.

- 4 -CHIEFS OF TIHE, MEiýmI.I.. STOOLlst. Chie f ý,ýo2nd. Owusu Panyin3rd. Owusu Kumah4th. Kwaku t'lý:yereriu5th.. ý,ppiah Kubi6th. Kofi Boafo7th. -ýtweede8t1@L. Kwaku Boati (destooled)9th. Kofi Nyame (present chief)

"Lasificati~lInforma.nt:DateSub je t I:IAS

aco. no. AS. 58Nana Owiusu Agyaman, B~worohene J. Agyamnn-Duah30th April, 1963BAWORO STOOL HISTORYinstitute of African Studio , Universi1lr of Ghanas Legon*June,. 1963

The stool of Baworo is a stool of matrilineal descent. It i6 a royal*.stool andhereditay.jThe anoestor of tlis stool is. said to have been NanaAmoah Owusu from a village in Ad&zse district called Ayaase. He is said to havecoz Coxvn.from the sky ;ith his stool and other members of the -Brefuo familyand landed at a spot now marked by 'the. stream Domisa. ...According tothe":legend, when coming from Ayaase, they first of all called at Ahensan. Somemembers of the family were so-pleased with tilds place that they refused tore'tuirtu to Ayaase, having made contact with other rmmbers of, theBretuo familyresident at Ahensan. The area in question was thus nick-named Ahersa4n,meaning. a refusal-.to ,return to the .original place :of abode,* .IIt will be recalled that the 'members of, the Bretuofamily then resident 'at.4Adanso Ahensan werd the -desendants of AsiamaNyankopon Ghuahyia, ancestress of the royal Beretuo clan of Mampong, who, itis said, came. down from the sky * y. a silver chain known as Atwiaban andlanded at a village which came to-be known.as -Aheilsan in Adanse,, .at a spotnow marked by the s-tream Domisa.Traditionally it is acceptod'that the ancestress, of the royal Bereituo clan was.Asiama Nyankopon Ghuahyia, but how far this is in fact true -is a matter forspeculation4: Anyway, tradition has it that the Mamponghene, the occupant of thesilver stool,..-is the head of the royal Beretuo. clan. The royal Beretuo 'clan isclassified into seven independent groups-, of ihich the Mampongheneis the head(Baretuo Abusuaman Nson). Soe of, the, -mabers of. the royal Beretue clan -areat present re-sident in southern Ghana - at Taf o .in the Koforidua district. Thesems bers usually attend. funerals at Ashanti Mampong when a me'mbep of:theroyal Beretuo family dies, and -hey share oommoiTy. the -funeral debts with theirrelatives.It is said that some of,.the me-mbqrs of the Baworofamily became hemmed in .at Ahensan and' thought it meet..ad proper to findanothor more suitable place for abode, So Nana Amoah Owusu and others left forAduam, a Tillage ,near Kokofu, about twenty miles from Adanse Ahensan.-It is said that duxing. thir' stay at Aduam Nana Attroneh, the mother of NamAmoah Ovsu, .was, alive. But Nana, Amoah 0wusu, being the only survivingma4e child.ws managing affairs for her' "Ittissaid that t1ey stayed atAduam for acon'siderable- length-of. time and that they were. there1'befe the great meeting-was hold at Asanteman o..

-2 -

It is said that, it was just immediately after..tbs.great meeti,. of thenation that the.descendants of Nana Attrondh decbdied''to follow , ie Asantohene toKumasi.There '-isi'ahowever, inguisxic evidence to support the fact that the -nameAshanti "-as corr..pted from Asantemanso after th." first meeting .Q t1e supreme/council of the would-,' be' Ashanti nation. ,it is said that wlien Nana Amoob Owusu died he was succeeded by his brother,Odreh Ansah. From Aduam these descendants of Nana Attroneh settled at a placecalled Woaworaso, now called Attasumanso, aoout twenty-three miles fromAduam. It i:s said that Nana Odreh .,Ansah was succeeded by Osafo AgyeT'han.This presumably .:_s in the reign of Nana Oti Akenten, a Kokofu man vhosemother, was of the Cyoko clan..t .Woaworaso, or Attasumanso, Nana Owusu Barimah, ayounger brother of Nana Attroneh, was nadeto stay itth other members of thefamily.It is said, however, that the Aboatem Aduto Apam, anothe r sehior member of thefamily, left Wraworaso, or Atta.sumansu, with some of the relatives for thepresent village of Aboatem. It is aaid that Aduto Apam was a brotherof N anaOsafo Agyeman, who was doubtless the first Baworohene to be recognised.It is said that from .oaworaso, or Attasumanso, NanaOsaf.0.Agyeman, who had succeeded to the stool of Nana Odreh Ansah, left withthe majority of the rmembers of the family to settle at Frankyenebra, a villageabout three miles from the present area of Kumasi. This village istwelve milesfrom the present town of Baworo.It is said that whilst at Frankyenebra some of; theemigrants suggested to Nana ,safo Agyeman that it was meet and proper to followthe ;head of the family, who was Mamponghene, to Mampong Acrofoso.Soalmost all the members of, "the family left Frankyenebra to settle permanently at Mampong. However, NanaAsantehene Osei Tutu heard of this move and had them halted at Baworo, SoNana Osafo Agyemn . it is said, was nicknam& " Baworo Saf!.o", that is the.first chief of the Baworo stool..Following this incident, Nap.a Baworo. Safo was: off iially.: informed by theAsantehene, King Osei Tutu, that he had

- 3created the Kronti aid Akwanmu clans at his court as part of the Kumasi divisioninfantry army, of which t1e Bantamahehe or the K-rontihene bf' Kumasi was -aehead, and 14hat he would like the Baworohene and his brothers at Attasuransoand Aboatem to come under tho categories of the said clans. Although thesethreec chiefs, namely Baworohene, Attasumansohene and Aboatemhene areattached to the Kro.nti and Akwamu clans of the king, they are more or lessindependent 6hiefs - th~y are no sabordinate chiefs of the Krontihene or theAkwamahene. They serve as intermediaries to these two clans of the king in caseof war.

These three bliefs, it is said, are privileged by the king to call at hispalace forconsultation or a parley ithout passing through) the Krontihene or:Akwamuheneof Kumasi. They also owe direct allegiance to the king.It is said tha: the AbOatenihene fought on seven consecutive occasions againstsom of the Denkyirahene's forcesat the battle of Fehyiase, and that at the last battle he was assisted byhis brother,+he Baworohene, before victory was finally won. As a symbol of this victory it issaid that a certain brass bath pax, captured by the Aboatemhene during the battle,can still be found at the Aboatemhene's stool house.

CHI-InJ.WI S OF THE BAYTO RO." U29A~lat GLI.ief 2ha4t1116th'*.* 7th Bth 9th lOthj3avvoro 0 saft.,, Aäye åäÄ'-", Do-rlryi.'AmoakoKwa me Ab oah Kwab-ona -A-domako Atta Ku.runku (destooleci) AmoahOwusu Xwaku'Duah (ao-st 00, 194),0 se-i Kvýam Nana Yaw Omsu (present chief)

Classification :InfozmaitKyeame Kwabena AfriyieRecorded. :7. Agyeman-DuahDate :3rd Nay, 1963Subject :BODU LINGUIST STOOL HISLORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legan.June, 1963IAS ace. no.AS,.5

The occupant of this stool is one of the twelve accredited Linguists ofAsantehene. He owes direct allegiance to the Asantehene ana swears tohim withthe Mpomponsuo sword. It is a stool of patrilineal descent, "Mmama Dwa", andis said to have been created by Nana Fredua Agyeman, alias Nana Kwaku Duah I,0pambuo. The occupant also serves as a spokesman of the "Aikobiadivision orclan at the king's court. In addition he serves as an agent or representative of theKokofuhene, Juabenhene, Nkoranzahene, Agonahene, and Adontenhene ofKumasi at the king's courtyard."

Tradition has it that none of the foregoing Omahene orParamount Chiefs can callat the king's palace for consultation without passing through this Linguist' whowill ask. permission for that particular Omanhene to 'see the kimg:It so happened that in the reign of Nana Agyeman, the ancestor of this stool, OkraBoadu, was one of the king's personal attendants or servants at his courtyard. Hewas a very energetic and faithful attendant and so Nana Agyeman appointed himto be one of his linguists and created a Linguist's stick for him. TheLinguist'sstick was named by the king as Deatwa, meaning a capable and energeticLinguist.Okra Boadu was succeeded. on:-the. sto.l.by...Keam. YawBoatin in the reign of Asantehene Kof Karikari. It is said that Kyeame YawBoatin was a brother of Okra Boadu,Yaw Boatin was succeeded on the stool by Akwasi Poku in the first partof thereign of King Prempeh I. It is said that Akwasi Poku was on the stooldiring theYaa Asantewa war of 1900. He abdicated whilst king Prempeh I was inSeychelles and-the stool was .vacant.for a considerable length oftime. It is saidthat on the repatriation of King Prempeh I from Seychelles there wasno occupantof the Boadu Linguist Stool.Akwasi Poku was .succeeded by Kyeame Awuah, a nephew of Akwasi Poku, inthe reign of this present monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. Hedied on thestool.Kyeame Awuah was succeeded on the stool by the present Linguist KwabenaAfriyie, in the reign of t:,is present reigning monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman PrempehII. He has spent about thirteen years on the stool.It is said that the occupant of this stool has been elevated to the status ofa SeniorLinguist by Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II.

00 2It is' saidthat formerly the occupant of this stoolswore to -the: Asantehene with the Ahwihwibaa sword, and was a Junior. Linguistof Asantehene. He was more or less a junior Linguist to the AbutuakwA Linguiststool,, of which Bafuor Osel Akoto, a. ledder of the defunct National LiberationMovement, was the occupant.But as a result of the events 'which culminated in the abblition of the, Abutuakwastool at the king's courtyard. the king thought it meet and proper, with the supportof his elders and couneillors, to elevate the .present ocoupxant ofthe BoaduLinguist. stool to the status of'.a Senior Linguist of Asantehene. Upon hiselevation he was made to sword. The occupant of this stool therefore now swears.tothe Asantehene with the .1pomponsuo sword, a sword used by. Omanhene andother. prominent cbiiefs of the -nation when swearing the oath of Allegianoe toAsantehene,LINUIST8 OF BOADU LINGUIST STOOL.,"1st .Linguist :Okra Boadu2nd : Kyeame Yaw Boatin.3r.cl Akwadi Poku (abdicated)

kth Kyeame Awuah5th : Kwabena Afriyie (presentLinguist)

Olassi'Latiru AS ace -, no* AS * 60Infon.t sNa K-wadawo Poku, ,sereso-hme Yaw Poku, Akwamuhene &C '""eresA.J.2--10 Sarodie , Abusua Panyi~in Kofi Mdensah, Elder.Lecorded b .Date:Subie 2tJ., .Ilyelran-Duah13th April, 1963ESEMlSO STOOL- -HISTIORYInstitute of' African Studi-es, University of GhanaL Legon.June, 1963Inf or m-r-t s.glassification:L13

Esereso is six Miles fr)m Kuimasi on the Kumasi-Kokof\iro'.The Eseresohen.e belongs to the Oyoko~ ilan or division-fthe 1Idng0 The' Oyoko division of the king is made up of three- grou.ps,nämely Oyoko Ab ohyen, Oyoko, AtutUe,. and Oyo ko Bremans~. i.2adh öf,these groups is independent. 'The Oyokohiene of Kunm.si lå* the acdredited headolan chief ap-pointed by the king. The gmiup to which ihe stool of Eseresobe1on6;s is thLe Oyoko Bremeaig group.. The Eseresoheie, who.runs next inoofimänd to the Oyoko BréIAunkhene 'at the kinýgls courbyard, is'nosubordinate chi e£~ of thé Qyoko Bremanrghene, but a juiLor bro the r.Traditionally- the Oyoko Bremanghene is theerirbrother of. Esergteef, so £ar as the Oyoko Bremang group'ofthe OyokodiVision of the -king is enme 6re d. ,teEseresohene, it is sai-d, shares equally withthe O'yöko Brem.nghen*e whenever there 'are acerued proceeds främ the king'scourbyard, älthouý th-ie Oyoko'Bremangýhene is his senlior brothår.:The- Esereäo itool1 is än.e o f matri-lineal descent,b.1ongin-to'ihe Oyök-o dan of thie king. 1t is one of the Oydl«däuo 'stöols whichconstitute the'Oyoko Olan of the )dUigoTheOyokädluo, or -the' Oyoko"c:lan, of -the king is classified as foj-lows:<J) Oyokohene ofKusiKenyasehäne4k£ponteniie(4t) Axyinasehene(b) Oyoko Itutup(,5) Atutuekene.(6) glXenkrohen e7 Awimhene

{8Panipasohen'(o) Ovoko Bre EWn(9) 0yoko Bremånghern 2-!(ijo) EseresoheneThe Eseresohene also o wes dlireot aJlegiance to ..the G-olden Stool.Hge doesnot'in 'nyway swear to the tyåko Bre manigherie. The Esere;Sohene swears to theAsaxitehene With the Mpomponsuo swiord.

: -it. is. said that on.arrival at Esereso,. a Savannah l&d, from Kokof u. NaRm .Obiri Yeboah, 6hegrand uncle 6f 'King Osei Tutu.,.. was very'. pleasea vith the.site .and directed that Da.Tho, a member of,. th e 0yoko'royal f mn..lly and 6ne of.th" followers of Naha-rOiri Yeboah from Kokoftx, shou.ld reside" there piith aselected re -tbinueo t is said that, at thi t ti fra "a -u was an elder or Opanin vi 6.did not Ocaupy any an6estral'stool.It"-iS .said that. p'rior to .his. se~tle'nt at Esere so. .the Appiaduheazie and.th9,.ehyiasehene Ban%.d. shared a cOnmon. boundary line..on .this particular).nd. 'But the 'actual.:p-Iace of settlement as directed by the king was Within tlBbounary of Fehyiasehene Bando. A dispute. arose betwien the Appiaduhene'aand.the.Fehyiaspehene Bando. The Fehyiasehene, it is said, appealed to Da.afuo,-he Eseresohene, for teinforcement, * "since the latter had settled on his land.Nana DaafuOd informed Nana Obiri Yeboah.about this' state of affairs eid askedhim whether he should pursue this'war or not be cause it was through theinstrumentality of Nana Obiri Yeboah. that '*ho d 'attled Otnthe Saveanah land ofEsereso. The kin.g, it is Said, after a careful, sorutinx;& T - the- atter, permittedNana Daafuo and his. retinue to take part in thewar. The result ofthis episodewas ,t . .eera magaore of Nana Daafuo and his descendants. .:,Itwill be recalledthat prior to the commencemnt of this War, the king'"directed that undernocircumstances should Bando, the Fehyiasehene, allow these royals of his to suffer.Should they suffer defeat, Bando would be liable to the paymentof a*compensati'on feeof -reto, consisting of .peredwan;Dhadu, Kyekyerekna, and Nsmson -.As stated, Nana Daaf~io anr ,almost aUVhis followersdied as a result of this war between the Fehyiasehene Bando and the Appiatuhene.Nana Obiri Yeboah, it is said, requested Bando to pay the compensationfeefo'd1hknth'. '-'This'fee, it is said, was found wanting, and he ...king, thought ofmeting capital punishment on Band0... Bando, it iL' said, was molested andtortured for an act of misdemeanour,'K r X.'Kyekye rekuna = a-bundle '~ old-= . seven strong menNyanson.

- 3After spending an unprecedented amount of tinm ad care on investigating thisinfLringement of customary lavs, Chief Bando, .it is said, appealedto Nana biriYeboah for-lemeoy, promising to substitut.e for thl fine dh acre of laid alnd ariver called Oda v aniapong.

Nana Obiri Yeboah accepted this plea and obtainedA the land and. t ie .rn.-verfor.- the successor o.f Nana Daafuo, th" fir ' ° chief. of Esereso, Vlhen NawaDaafuo .died his stool W * blaokened and thus be, came the ancestrall 'stool: 6fthe 'Eseresohenes..Nana. Daafuo wap succeeded on the stool' by' Naua Osei Kwadwo Ba#Itri., hisbrother,: during the reign of this .same king, N'a bbiri Yeboah. , It is said tLat thischief wen t-o the frs" Dormaa war with.N. ana Obiri Yeboah at Sunt-resu,; wheb'ew6'hav th present Estate buildings, and where Nana. Qbiri-YbboahVrw'a killedby. the Dormaas. ,Chief O.sei KwadwotBant-iri was al'so oz the stool in the reignof king Osei Tutu, the first Asantehen, He also went to war at Abesimwhere theDormaas were totally defeated by the :Ashaiatis and Dormaa Kusi, the.Comander-inChie.f of the Dormaa army, was captured and .dec&pitated 'y theAshantis. ,kle also went in ,the . Denkyira war against NtIl Gyakari,where theIDenkyiras were defeated at: Fehyiasef. 'Nana Osei Kwadwo Bantizi was succeeded on the stoo-lby Nana Akwasi.Kufuor,. his brother, in the reign of Asant.ehei-ae Nana. ik 'Ware. Na AkasiKufuor, ~t is said, went tb the .i Ta man war in the reign of king Opoku Ware,where the Ta miians were captured and Ameyaw, the ,Tak1imanhene,., wasbeheade. by the Ashantis He also went: to the-, Gyamri war fought in the reign-pfAsa.t.ehene. Opoku Ware, Where the' Gyamans were defeated by the Ashantisoand the Gyamatn dhief,' Kofi Abo, was captured and beheaded. It is said thatNana Akwasi Kufuor died at the battlefield.He was s4 coeeded by-Nana Osei Kufuir'Kuimah, or 0sei " KufuorII, a brotherof Akasi Kufuor, in the reign of Asantehene-KUsi Bodomp It is said, that he vSalso on the'-'stool in the reign of Asantehene O-sei Kwame, the great fighting ,kin" whofought in the broad daylight. He went to the Banda war along, with other chiefs,where Worosa, the Banda chief, was captured and defqated by the Ashanti. "It is1-.d-' t-at this war was the deadliest .ever fought by the AshAtis iifttl t century. Te,.1nda chief was at.long last beheaded .y the Ashantis, and :his -head was-imitated on the Asantehene'v 8wpr., known as 7frosa.ti., This sword can be; found0 oday. in the c oirtyeard;.;pf Asbntehene. The o.hief. of Worsa,"it'is sa'id,

was a very handsome man whose youth, health and innocence were heightened bya transparent .complexion.Nana Osei Kufuo Kumah ,a" succeeded 'on the stool by Nana Opok. Agyenan in -.e rein of Asa-itehene Nana Osei Kwame. .Nana...Ppoku Agyenan was a nephef'of Nana Osei Kufuor 4u-mi [t i's sai d 1; la. u'he vi;s also on the stool in.. thereign of Nana 0Ose. BonsuPayn, ali'a6 Nana Osei .Tut- Kwame., who r,. fought inFanti laid aid won for himself the traditional appellation of "Bonsu'" by placingthe state sword into. the-sea as a symbol of the defep.t of the',Fantis in their own land.*.Thischief, it is,said, went to the Fanti war foughtat Anomabu., and:"alo went to the Gyamn warfought in the reign of.ts-sa~me, kng,..Nna i3tonsu Pany"i'. 'The Gy..afis w'ere"-dpeated and Adinkra, the .- mt" chief, was dedapitated by "the.Ashantis.Nana .Opoku Aezn as axcceeded on-the :sto'l by*Nana

Kwaku Dades Okessie'. He was a nephew of 'Nana OpObm:'J yn.' Hewent to theAl.at amansu, war in the reign of Asantehene,' Nana Osei Yaw Akotoand returned home unscathed.'Nana Dadeq, Okessie ras succeeded on- the stool by Nana Osei Yawihis"ephew," in the reign of Nana Fredua A remn, alias ..N.ana Kwaku Duah I, theleast pugncious, of 'the' Asahti kings.. He- was .also 6n. the st.o.ol during thereign of Asantehene Nana Kofi Ka 'ikari. ' -He '.ent to the Hwemsawar (Togo'a.d-War), fought at Ho. It is sdid that this war lasted for three years, and that theA.antis were. eventually victorious. M..y prisoners :iere taken, including a.European missionary' called Ramseyer. "N.-,a.Osei Yaw vwas succeedec. on the staol.by Nana Kwalu. Duah., n the. reignof Asmteh ene Nana Mensah ,Bons'; t.is, said that Nana Kwaku Duah.was alsooh the stool In the first: ,at~_..o:. the orefgh ,ofKing Prempeh I before he vastal~ni..to.: Seyoe lls: Islinld by" the British,'". He went' to the Nkqranza .,:: warfought in, the fir't p-r1' "l' the'reign :6f King Prempeh. I.*Nana Kwaku Duah wa' . suceeded on the stool by Ak.asiAninkora, whilst King.prenpeh I was in Seychelles. He :.took the,10ath of Officebe.fore the Apam Council of chiefs. It .-is. Said that he as on 'the stool on thdrepatriatiQn of,.. , King. Prenmpeh I in 1,924q .., Hq took afresh -the. Oath ofAlis.e to..the. king -on de. latter"s. 'turn from Seyhe'iles Island.,,

5....5 -He was succeeded on ti. stool by Boakye, his nephew,in the reiga of this present lIiig Sir 03ei Agyeman Prempeh II. He spent threeyears on tlD stool and abdicated on his own accord..': He was acceeded on tia stool by the present chief, Nana KwadvwoPoku, in 1952.Note.Bad day or unlucky day fcr: the stool is Friday. Tbechief is forbidden by custom to paAicipate in any ceremonial functions on thisday. He does not even go out, but r'e;-mains indoors. He does notcali at. theKing's palace for consultation and ihe like on this day.Milit-ary divi sion, : I~nti

CHIEFS OF OGLrJ.:Ist. Chief2ncl.3rcl,, 4th,, 5thý7th.8th, 9thoI Oth.Ilth.Nana Daafuo

K a-na 0 sei Kvvad-wo Bantiri Nana Akwasi Kufuor Nana Osei Kufuor II NanaOpoku A&yeman Nana Kwak-U DaCIG OlCeS'Sie Nana Osei Yaw NanaKvraku Duah Nana ~asi AninkOra Nana Boakye (abUcated)Nana ICwadv;o Poku (present ohief)6

IAS aco. no. AS. 61Inf~orflapV3Nana Kwame Afram, Juansahene Kwadwo Pong, ex-chief of JuansaRecorded byXDate :J. Agyeman-Duah30th April, 1963Suble 2t:JUANISA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Le'gon.June, 1963Glassif idation. :

The Juansahene, it is said, belongs to the 0yoko clan of the king, The Juansastool is a stool of matrilineal descent.The Juansahene owes direct allegiance to Asantehene and swears totheAsantehene wiUi the Mpomponsuo,.w9 .d, rormarly the Juansahenews 'in theKumasi division of the king, but three years ago he was created a PacamounuCnef by the present Ghana Governient.The ancestor of this stool is said't ohave been NanaKodie from Kokofu. It is said that this hi.,ef migrated from.Kokofu and arrived atKumasi, and thence dispersed with,. Juabenhene, It is said that Juabenhene tookthe Sekyere direction. whilst Kodie. and his retinue crosse'd the river Anuro onthe Asokore--Pf"duse road. It is said that at the present time the Juasaheneshare's"a boundary with the Asokorehene at Anuro.,Whilst NarM-kKodie was "migrating f'om Kokofu he was a chief in his townright" and f'rojn Anuro arrived at the present area of Juansa. When he airived atJuansa there was a very powerful rulei-, called Ahantahene, within the vicinity ofJuansa, who refused enti~y to V1a7a Kodie and his retinue. So Nana KodieinformEd the Asantehene, Nana Osei Tutu] about this unhappy st:ate of affairs."It is said that Nana Osei Tutu sent reiniforcerints ft coibat 'this chief ofthe.Ahauta.0', and the Ahantahene was consequently capturedand decapitated. Itis said that when the delegation of King Osei Tutu arrived at Juansa Nana Kodiehad just finished taking his bath, but was not allowed to dress properlybeforegoing out to the war with:. del'egation. Thus the place was naed DwereWansera,which hasbeen corrupte4,into Juansa.It is said that it vas duri'ig the reign of Nana Kodie that Juansa becam famous.This was during the Denkyira war with Ntim Gyakario Nana Kodie,, it is said,was responsible for carxyirg' -he "gunpowdei of' Asantehene, After the war with

Denkyira the Juansahene, Nana Kodie, was elevated to the status ofanOb,.ermpqng. It is said that prior to thip. war Okomfo Anokye 'predicted that thecarrier of the gunpowder of the nation would surely be"come barren. But t1ischief prefer-'ed *to be sterile rather than lose the dignity. of the nation. So afterthe war with the Denkyirahene the king presented the Juansahene Nana Kodie,with elephant tails and Ekyem, and a golden calabash,Nana Kodie was coeeded on:'the stool by Nana.Ose . Kwabena, hi rothr "

Nana Osei Kwabena vi as succeeded on ti-e stool by åana Nti"? his brother.Sana Nti wa8 -mcceéded,'oh- the, stool by-Nänå Akorä Lý.aviäO, his nepjåa*.Akora Diaimo was succeedea on the gtool bj*r'Nana Ntäre~ Kra. a brother ofAkora Diawuo,re. Kkå- aä suod-e edåd on tie stool by'Nan ý.ofi Yamoah, his kephévý&Naäa, -.Kofi Ya ma ali -0 as succeeded'on the ýstool by Nana Kviabena Yålöah,a* rýephew of: Kof.-i Yåmoåh..Nana Kviabena Yamoah was sucoeedecl on the' -st co 1 by N Kwaku Kyei, aliasKwa Kuru, a brother of Kwabena Yamoah.,Kvia Kuru, it issaid.ý wanV-b - th-e Yåå Asantewa war in ý 90,0 and föu4i*Vonthe ..ýside of-'the-GolcIen--Sto'ol, _älthaugli the Juansa -people tooký tllcý side-df thBIIÄtish. Afýer -thé war Kwa Kuru was:,destooled'ästa of. -fiäksdeimeanour,He wäs.,sýiéceäded oh tlAe stoo1. by Kofi Nsiafi, Whilst King Prempåh I was In-Seýychelles. Heý--iväå aestooled for irål administration.Kofir Nsiåh was u.coeeded by Kwanå-Mensah, his - bröthex, Kwame YtånsQi*as. destoole-d, for rål-admin'is-tratiön, within a year of his- enstbolffent-, KingPrempeh 1. was still in.*Seychelles.Kwame'Me*nsah w£4s. succeeded by Kwadwo Fosu, iNho ýWäsdestooled whilstKing Prempeh was in exile,H-e was:--sutceedefl by his nephew, Kwadwo Pong', WIBn 'K.inåPrempeh .1hadreturned frorn Seyc',-lelle.-- in 1924. 'Hw tåls also destoole dmål,,ýåd=!stration.Kviadvio Pon g- kas succåeclecl by Yaw-Pong in tbe reign of this presentkingåýHä Vvås destoo*lecl, ana was sticoeeded by Kwadwo Pån- j118' brothé.j?, Ile -~.alsoýdestooled Tot mäl-': adminlsträtionýYaw Poig was thign re.ins-tated, butägain destbole-d at 8later date. He was succeeded. by the present bhief;'-,Nåna;,K.viame.!ý,:' Afram.,his nephew. He was destooled and was followed byfiisý b röthe r HL," ...ivas, -.'ål to ae st uö led for -nåDy4adutLålstration, anci wassucceeded by Asenso. his brotharé*ý.

- 3was also &estooled for Lal-aaridnistt'ation,, and Nama Kwame Afr-am lilas beenr'einistated , H jiG thP Presehit Ju~ansah-iened

_ 4.CHIES OFTHE JAIS STOOL,

Ist Chief Nana Kodie.2nd Nana Osei Kwabena3rd Nana Nti4th N ana Akora Diavuo5th I Nana Nto re Kra6th Nana Kofi Yamoah7th " Nana Kwabena Yamoah8th Nana Kwaku Kyei, alias Kwa Kuru(ae stooled)9th " Nana Kofi Nsiah (destooled)t Nana Kwame Mensah (destooled)11th " Nana Kwadwo Fosu (destooled)12th : Nana Kwadwo Rong (destoolea)13th - Nana Yaw Pong (destooled).])+th Nana Kwadvwo Pong15th Nana Yaw Pong (reinstated anddestooled again)1 6th : Nana Kwar Afram (destooled)17th " Nana Yaw Manu (destooled)18th : Nana Asenso (destoolea)19th Nana Kwame Afram (reinstatedand is the present chief)

Classification :Informants RecorddeaNana Frimpong Manso I, Agogohene Opanin Adjei Deku, Senior Member of theAgogo Royal Stool HouseJ. Agyeman-Duah28th April, 1963Siibjeot :AGOGO STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963IAS ace* no,AS 62

Agogo is a town about fifty-two miles from Kumasi, theAshanti capital. It is in the Ashanti Akim district and was once qne of the islandsof the Kumasi division.The Agogohene owes *i±oa llugiance to the Golden Stool and swearsto theAsantehene with the Mpbmponsuo sword. The Agogohene prior to-his elevationto paramount status about' three years ago was forbidden by tradition to call at theking's palace without passing through one of the Abirempong chiefs resident inKumasi.The Agogo stool is one of ma-trilineal descent and has an

Abusua, or classificatory ystemo- own. as Eduana. Itis a hereditary stool* TheAgoge people, "0 is said, migrated from Nyanoase, a town near Nsawam in thesouthern region of present Ghana.It is said that Nana 0fori Kobon was a sub-ohief of theAkwamuhene, Ansah Sasaraku. During the reign of this powerful ruler, AnsahSasaraku, a war broke out between the Akwamus and the Acaraso' The iccrachief at that time was Okai Koi. The Accras, it is-said, won victory over theAkwamus and there was 4 state of unrest amongst the neighbouring towns andvillages. So Ofori Kobon, a sub-chief of Akwamuhene, left the areaof Akwamuand settled at a place called Osafeneso in the Afram plans with a verylargeretinue. It is said that on their arrival these plains were entirely uninhabited.Whilst at the village of Osateneso Ofori Kobon heard. of Atade Firam, the headchief of Dwan (Guan), who was said to be a very powerful ruler and wassupposed to be the overlord of the present area of Agogo and other adjacent areas,right up to the present northern region of Ghana.It so happened that a war ensued between Ofori Kobonand Atade Firam as a result of a dispute that arose between the subjects of OforiKobon and a subject of Atade Firam. This quarrel, which led to a-great war, wasdue to the fact that a servant of chi~f Ofori Kobon was met during his hunting inAgogo by a servant of Nana Atade Firam, who reported this trespassto AtadeFiram. who at that time claimed to be the overlord of all the land thatstretches tothe north.Nana Atade Firam ordered the arrest of this servant of chief Ofori Kobon andfurther summoned him to appear before him inCouncil.Nana Ofori Kobon, considering the situation to be one of serious consequences,refused to allow his subject to respond to Atade Firam's summons, War thereforebroke out.

- 2Nana Ofori Kobon sought for reinforcements from his brothers, namelyKumawuhene and Kwamanghene of the Eduana clan of Ashanti. It will berecalled that Nana Ofori Kobon had departed with his brothers at Asantemansowhere he had taken refuge at Nyanoase, as a result of a dispute that arose amongstthe Eduana people. So Nana Atade First and his subjects, it is said, took totheirheels and fled across the river Volta.After the defeat of Atade Firam Nana Ofori Kobon became theoverlord of the present Agogo area. There was also a distribution of lands andwar booty amongst these Eduana chiefs, namely Agogohene, Kumawuhene, andKwamanghene.It will be recalled that the battlefield of this war wasat Gyamborafa, an area at Attebubu where Atade Firam is said to have beendefeated. The area in question was a Savannah land near Kerachi.Prior to the defeat of Atade Firam by the Eduana chiefs, the present area wasknown as Agogowa, ter a river called Agogowa which flows in the middle of thepresent town of Agogo. It is said that after the defeat of Atade Firam Nana Ofori

Kobon and his people wished to find a suitable place for permanent residence,since they were hemmed in the Afram plains. During the course of their migrationthey came across this river of Agogowa, 'and thought to themselves that the banksof this river would be a suitable place for settlement. So they settledthere andthus brought aout the name of Agoto, meaning the side of the river Agogowawhich is suitable for residence.It is said that at the time of their migration from the Afram plains to Agogo kingObiri Yeboah of Kumasi was the ruling factor in the Kumad area. NanaOforiKobon, it is said., was still the reigning chief of the Agogo people. It is said thatat this time Nana Ofori Kobon was an independent chief and there was norelationship between Kumasi and Agogo. The Agogohene, it is said, was nosubordinate chief to the Kumasi people. So the Agogo people did not, of course,take part in the warbetween king Obiri Yeboah and the Dormaas which took place at Suntresu inKumasi.It is said that during the reign of Osei Tutu almost all the tributary statesdecidedto join together to crush the Denkyrahene who menaced the community.

-3During the Denkyira war with Ntim Gyakari Nana Ofori Kobon had beensucceeded on the stool by Okan, his brother. The Agogohene, it is said, took partin the Denkyira war in which Ntim Gyakari was defeated at Fehyiase. Some ofthewar captives, it is said, were sent to Agogo and served the Agogohene as hisDaabifoo (servants responsible for the dressing and keeping tidy ofAgogohene' sbed). It is said that after the war with Ntim Gyakari, the Denkyirahene, theAlliance between Kumasi and Agogo continued and the occupant of theAgogostool from that time paid homage-to the occupant of the Golden Stool.Okan was succeeded on the stool by Kwasi Tutu, his brother, in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Opoku Ware. This chief, it is said, went to the Takyiman waralong with other chiefs, when Ameyaw, the Takyiman chief, was defeated andbeheaded by the Ashanti s.Nana Kwasi Tutu was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kyei Pnyin in thereign ofAsantehene Kusi Bodom. K-yei Panyin was a nephew of Kwasi Tutu.Kyei Panyin was succeeded on the s-tool by Nana Tokuin the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king who fought inthe broad daylight.Nana Toku was suoceeded& on the strol by MAimanin Awere, a brother of NanaToku.Nana Akumanin Awere was succeeded on the stool by Nana Darkwa,his brother,in the reign of Asantehene Osei YawAkoto. It is said that it was in the reign of this Asantehene that Frimpong Manso,who was resident in Ashanti Akim, fought with the king of Ashanti and took tohis heels to Oda. Frimpong Manso, it is said, was staying at Dampon in theAshanti Akim district. The Agogohene, Nana Darkwa, it is said, took part in thiswar.

Nana Darkwa was succeeded on the stool by Nana Ntekurah. He was a nephew ofDarkwa.Nana NtekUrah was succeeded on the stool by Amoako Pwayin, his brother.Amoako Panyin was .succeeded on the stool by Tudu, anephew of Amoako Panyin.

Tudu was succeeded on the stool by Amoako II. He wasdestooled for mal-administration in the reign of Nana Agyeman, alias NapaKwaku Duah I. Nana Amoako II was a brother of Nana Tudu.Nana Amoako II was succeeded by Asamoah Yaw, his brother,in the reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu. He was destooled for mal-administration.Asamoah Yaw was succeeded by Kofi Amponsa in the first part of thereign ofKing Prempeh I before his exile to the Seychelles Island. He was destooled formal-aministration.T'ofi Amponsa was succeeded on the stool by Kwaku Kyei, his brother, duringthe Yaa Asantewaa war of .1900. He died on the battlefield. Kofi Amponsa wasthen reinstated whilst King Prempeh I was in exile. He was once againdestooled.Kofi Amponsa was succeeded by Kofi Ackah. He spentforty days on the stool and was desto61ed for mal-adminilstration. He wasdestobled whilsb King Prempeh I was still in exile.Kofi Ackah was succeeded by Kwadwo Adjelaim, a nephew of Kofi Ackah,whilst King Prempeh I was still in exile. He was destooled for mal-administration.Kwadwo Adjekum was succeeded by Kwqbena Asamoah, aliasTandoh, a brother of Kwadwo Adjekum, whilst King Prempeh was still inSeychelles Island. He was destooled for maladministration.Kwabena Asamoah was succeeded by Kwasi Amoako (Gyne)when King Prempeh had retrieed from the Seychelles. He .was destooled for mal-administrtioi.- Kwadwo Adjekum was 'then reinstated, but was once againdestooled in. the second part of the reign of King Prempeh I.Kwadwo Adjekum was succeeded by Kyei Mensah, his nephew, in thereign ofthis present King, Sir OseiAgyeman PrempehII, He was destooled.Kyei Mensah was succeeded by Nana Kwaku Duah, his brother,in the reign of this present monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman PrempehII. He wasdestooled for mal-administration.Nana Kwaku Duah was succeeded by Nana Frimpog the present Agogohene.

Note :Nana Agogohene is at present a Paramount Chief and amember of the Ashanti Regional House of Chiefs. The Agooohene waselevatedto the status of an Omanhene by the present Ghana Government on'the 19thAugust, 1960. Prior to the elevation of Agogohene to Paramount status he was anObirempong of Asantehene.The Eduana people are said to have originated -from Esumenya Asantemanso.

CBIEM OF THE AGOGO STOOL1st Chief : Nana Ofori Kobon2nd " " Okan3rd " " Kwasi Tutu)+th " ei "anyei5th " " TOku6th " : " Akumanin Awere7th " " Darkwa8th " Ntekurah9th " " Amoako Panyin10th I" Tudu (destooled)1ith " : A£moako II (destooled)12th It Asamoah Yaw (destooled)

- 613th ChiefI kt 15th 1 6th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21 st 22nd 23rd24~tYaw Amponsa (destooled) F.9fi Amponsa (destooled) Kwaku KyeiKof'i Amponsa (reinstated, butdestooled again) Ko f~i lcah (destoolea)' Kwadwo Adjekum (destbo.ed) KwabenaAsamoah (do stooled) Kwaii Amcoako (Gyie) (destooled) Kwadwo Adjekum(rein stated, but destQoled again)"Kyei Mensah (destooled) Kwaku Duah (destooled)Nana Frimpong (the. present chief)

IAS acc. no. AS. 63Nana Ofosu Appiah MagyanII, Odumaseh Obaapanin Akua Afriy¡e Kyeame AttaKofi Kofi Asante, Asafo Kyeame Opanin Kwadwo OTffusu Akwamuhene KofíNyarko Gyasehene Kwame AtwereboanaJ. Agyeman~Duah 30th April, 1963ODUIVÍASE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies9 University of Ghana, LegonJune, 1963Classifiratim :IllfQrmants *0

Odumase is about thirty-two miles from Kumasi on the KumasiAccra road. It is inthe district of Juaben state.The Odumasehene owes direct allegiance to the Juabenhene. He swears to theJuabenhene with the Mpomponsuo sword of the Juabenhene. He is an Osahene orAdontenhene of the Juaben state. Although the Juabenhene has hisKrontihenewho is resident at Juaben town proper, the Odumasehene is the Osahene in thesense of territorial expansion in Juaben state.

The Odumase stool is an abusua stool and the classificatory systemto which itbelongs is Dwum ne Asona. It is a royal stool and a stool of matrilineal descent. Itis also hereditary.It is said that the ancestor of this stool, by name ,umuna Ampam, migrated from Akyim Abuakwa in southern Ghana, from avillage called Asawuo, as a result of a dispute that arose between Duodu Pepera, aroyal of Asawuo stoolq and Abobomsohene during the celebration of an Odwirafestival at Asawuo.This Abobomsohene, it is said, attended the Odwira festival at Asawuo upon theinvitation of Nana Mumna Ampam, since it was the established custom of theAkim chiefs to invite their brother chiefs on such ceremonial occasions.It so happened that during the course of the celebrations ',Duodu Pepera, anephew of Nana Muluna Ampam, became infuriatedbecause Abobomsohene, the guest, was wearing certain gold trinkets, called"Aswedwebia". It is said that within a twinkling of an eye Duodu Pepera,presumably the probable heir of the throne of Asawuo, had the insolent audacityto try tostrangle this chief with a view to removing the trinkets from his neck, thusdenouncing him publicly. A dispute arose and the affair was reported to theOkyenhene Ofori Panyin, who was the overlord of the state.The Dkyenhene, it is saidg sent messengers after DuoduPepera to appear before the Okyeman Council at Kibi for questioning andelucidation.It is said that the parties concerned were accordingly summoned toappear beforethe Okyeman State Council on a sipecific day. The Abobomsohene, as thecomplainant, was askedto establish his case before this supreme council of the state. :.Duodu Pepera, asrespondent, was asked to establish his case-also. Whilst Duodu Pepera was standing before the Council, adertain servant of the Qkyenhene whispered a word to him. !t1odu Pepera becameannoyed at this whispering and began to

-2 -cast insinuations on the members of the Council. Eventually Duodu Pepera calledthe Dkyenhene a fool and there arose an uproar amongst the members of theCouncil. As a result of these indecent words spoken by Pepera Duodu to the king,meeting ofthe three heads of the state, known as the Amantuo Mmiensa of Kibi, decided thatthe only infallable remedy for the State was to wage war against Duodu and hisrelatives who had by thentaken to their heels.The three hearls of the Amantuo Mmiensa of Kibi are said tobe as follows:- Apadwa, Kukurantumi, and Apapamu.

This matter rapidly became a sensational issue and members of the state swore tothemselves to have this insolent royal captured red-handed and to have capitalpunishment meted out to him.Duodu, it is said, had surrounded himself with gangsters, who protected him withrifles. When the Okyeman State Council decided to wage war against him Duoduand his gangsters wereno where to be found.Duodu and his Eangsters, it is said, could not reach theirtown of Asewuo the same day, so decided to rest at Abenaso, a villagenear theriver Birim. However, whilst taking his bath in this village a delegation of theAmantuo i4miensa of Qkyenhene met him at the bath room with loaded rifles.When Duodu heard of this pursuit he thought of running away, or taking sheltersomewhere, but fell into a latrine. While he was struggling in the latrinepit hewas shot by the delegation.When Duodu's gangsters heard of their master's death they hid themselves andthen went right down to Asewuo and reported the matter to f'TVna MumunaAmpam, Duodu's uncle.Mumuna Ampam became very unhappy a-out the state of affairs and the onlysolution for him was to migrate to a far distance Und to desert from the Okyenarea for fear of reprisals by theOkyenheie and his people.So Mumuna Ampam left Asewuo unceremoniously with all his descendants an]subjects. He also took one of the ancestral stools along and some ofhis Gyasepeople also followed suite.At that time a sister of Nana Mumuna Ampam, by name Koa,Was married to Juasohene Apenteng in Ashanti Akim district. So NumunaAmpam thought of going direct to his siser for a permanent

-3-place of abode. At long last he reached his brother-in-law, Juasohene Apenteng,and was accorded a most hospitable welcome by his sister, Koa. MumunaAmpam, it is said, was a firstclass miner and on his arrival at Juaso he appealed tohis brother-in-law for a suitable place in which to carry on his trade. SoAnwanwereso9 a village near Juaso, was allocated to him and his followers.Whilst resident at Anwanwereso as a miner he furthermade an appeal to Juabenhene, 'ana Akraase through his brotherin-law, NanaApenteng, for a permanent place of residence for himself and his followers, sincethey were becoming hemmed in at Anwanwereso.So Nana Mumuna Ampam and his brother-in-law the Juasohene called at Juabento present their case before the Juabenheneo As custom demands, ontheir arrivalat Juaben, they were not immediately permitted to see JhabenhenQ but wereasked to stay at the house of the Santanhene, who would seek permission tointroduce them to Juabeahene° Permission was granted and they were allowed tocall at the palace to present their case,

After a lengthy discussion the Juabenhene acceeded to the recuestof NanaMukuna Ampam and Juasohene, his brother-inlaw.The Ji;asohene, it is said, gave him vast landsq of which Iana MumunaAmpamwas to be caretaker, ranging from the river Anunu up to the boundary line ofJuasohene's town. Iana Mumuna Ampam came back to Anwanweresoaftermaking the necessary negotiations with the Juabenhene. But before leavingJuaben he was made to understand that since the Juabenhene was to become hisoverlord he was bound by custom to pass through the Santanheneof Juabenwhenever he called at Juaben for consulta'ion with the Juabenhene. So traditionhas it that even today the Odumasehene cannot call at the Juabenhene's palacewithout first calling on the Santanhene, who will, of course, getpermission forhim to see the Juabenhene.It is said that one bright morning, when the burning sun had not yet reached itszenith, a certain hunter, Amama Mahunu, discovered during a hunting expeditionthe present area of Odumase, a town some thirty-two miles from Kumasi andabout two miles from Konongog which was considered to be one ofthe richestmijing areas in Ashanti.

This hunter, it is said, found some yams growing there and took some of them andboiled them. After he had cooked them he started to pour off the water,when hediscovered that the water contained some gold dust. -He reported this find to11ana Mumuna Ampam, who had then been entrusted with the caretakership ofthis area by the Juabenhene Tana Akraase. After investipation it was found thatthne banks of the river called Oweri would be most suitable for the mining ofgold. It is said that there was an odum tree growing at this spot wherethe golddust had been found, so Nana Mumuna built his village just by the odum tree, andthus called his village Odumase.It is said that before they came to live at Odumase, a certain chiief ofMmeri,called Mieha, was occupying this area and refused entry to Nana MumunaAmpam and his retinue. This matter was reported to the Juabenhene whoauthorised Mumuna Ampam to take the most appropricte measures to banish thischief of Mmeci from the land. War ensued and the Mmeri chief was totally defe-ited by Nana Mumuna Ampam and his people. So the Odumasehene-to-be tookall the vast lands of the Mmeri chief, and traditional drums as well.Onesignificant drum taken was nick-named by the Odumasehene "Obra bebodibi"(hoping for a prosperous future). This drum can even be found at theOdumasehene s ahe-ifie today.It will, however, be recalled that at the time of the negotiations for Odumasevillage Nan,. Akra se was on the Juaben stoo., whilst the Golden Stool of Ashantiwas occupiedby Tana Osei Bonsu Panyin, alias l ana Osei Tutu Kwame. !"ana MumunaAmpamq it is said was also on the stool duringthe reign of Asantebene Nana 6sei Akoto, who fought in the Akatamansu war. Sothe mi-ration of Nana Mumuna Ampam from

Juaso to Odumase must Lave taken )lace round about the date of theAkatamaqsuwar (L824 - 1837).Nana 1'umuna Ampam was succeeded on the stool by Oheming,that is, during the Akatamansu war. Nana Oheming was succeeded on the stool byGyamora, his nephew. Nana Gyamera, it issaid, went to no war.Nana Gyamera was succeeded on the stool by Asamoah Yaw; he also went to nowar.Nana Asamoah Yaw was succeeded on the stool by Ofosu Appiah Magyan I. Hewent to Dwokwaah war in Fantiland. He was ordered by the Juabenhene to act onhis behalf during- 4 oft

the reign of Asantehene Kofi Karikari. This is what was known in thecontemporary history of Ashanti as the Sagrentiwar of 187+.Adu Bofo the Gyasehene of Kumasi was the Commander-inChief of thearmywho led the Ashanti troops right down to Hwem (Togoland) where many warprisoners were taken, including a missionary, Captain Ramseyer.Nana Appiah Magyan I was succeeded on the stool b, Akoi, his nephew. Hefought in the second Juaben war with the Kumasi people during thereign ofAsantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu, when the Juaben people were defeated by theKumasi people.Nana Akoi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Afrifa Panyin, who went to nowar.Nana Afrifa Pa-iyin was succeeded on the stool by Nana Afrifa Kumah.Nana Afrifa Kumah was succeeded on the stool by Okoto, who was destooled formal-administration.Nana Okoto was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwame Tiah, who was alsodestooled.Nana Okoto, it is said, was then reinstated and once again destooled.Nana Okoto was succeeded by Kofi Antwi Panyin, who died on the stool.Nana Kofi Antwi Panyin was succeeded on the stool byNana Nibenia Antwi, who was destooled for mal-administration.Nana Nibenia Antwi was succeeded by Kofi Antwi II, who died on the stool.Nana Kofi Antwi II was succeeded by Opoku Antwi, who died on the stoolNanaOpolzu Antwi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kofi Akoi Ij, who wasdestooled in 1958.Nana Kofi Akoi II has been succeeded by Nana OfosuAppiah Magyan II, the present chief. He was enstooled on the 12th May, 19 8.- 5 -

-6CHIEFS CF IIE ODUMASE STOOL

1st chief : Nana Mumuna Ampam2nd chief Nana Oheming3rd chief i iana Gyamera4th chief : Nana Asamoah Yaw5th chief : Nana Ofosu Appiah Magyan I6th chief : Nan, Akoi7th chief : Nana Afrifa Panyin8th chief N Nana Afrifa Kumah9th chief Nana Okoto (destooled)1Oth chief : ',ana Kwame Tiah (destooled) 11th chief : Nana Okoto(reinstated but again destooled)12th chief Nana Kofi Antwi Panyin13t". chief Tiana Nibenia Antwi (destooled)14th chief : Nana Kofi Antwi II15th chief i ana Opoku Antwi16th chief Nana Kofi Akoi II (destooled)17th chief Iana Ofosu Appiah Masyan II(present Odumaseiene)

Classification :Informants Recorded byDate : SubjectNana Owusu Agyeman, Mampontenhene Opanin Yaw Nsiah J. Agyeman-Duah20th April, 1963MIONTEN STOOLHISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon,June, 1963IAS aoc. no.-] i -- 71 .... I I --li- -T i -------'3/-i--AS. 64

Nana Mampontenhene belongs to the Oyoko clan or division of the king and owesdirect allegiance to the Golden Stool. He swears to the Asantehene with theMpomponsuo sword. The Oyokoclan of the king is classified under three heads, namely Oyoko Abohyen, OyooAtutue, and 0yoko Bremang. These three groups constitute the OyokoDuo ofthe king, which consists of the following categories:(a) Qvoko AbohyenI. Oyokohene2, Kenyasehene3. Mampontenhene 4. Anyinasehene(b) Ooko AtutueAtutuehene

6. Ahenkrohene7. Ohwimhene8, Pampasohene(a) O-vo ko Bremang9, Qyoko Bremanghene10. EseresoheneThe Mqmppntenhene belongs to the Oyibko Abohyen group.The Oyokohene ofKumasi is supposed to be the head clan chief, or to be morespecific$ the senior brother chief of the three independent groups as constitutedby the king. Although the Oyokohene is the head clan chief of the 0yoko clan, theMampontenhene is no sibordinate chief to him. The Mampontenhene owes directallegiance to the Golden Stool and swears to the Asantehene with theMpomponsuo sword. This sword is the principal sword of the king which theAmanhene or Paramount Chief and Abrempong of the nation unsheath for takingthe Oath of Allegiance to the occupant of the Golden Stool of Ashanti.The stool of Mamponten is one of matrilineal descent. It is a royal stool and thesuccession to it is hereditary. It belongs to the royal clan of the king.The ancestress of this stool was Kyerew Akenten whoseoriginal place of abode is said to have been at Adumanu, an area called Adubiasein the Adanse district.

This ancestress, it is said, became hemmed in with hersons, daughters, and relatives at this place and left for Oyoko in Kokofu districtfor a suitable place of abode. It is said that before leaving Adumanu NanaKyerew Akenten had appealed to her sons, daughters, and relativesto find asuitable place of habitation where clay was available for making pots. Traditionhas it that Nana Kyerew Akenten and her descendants were the first potters, ordesigners of traditional pots. Subsequently one of her relatives reported to her thata suitable place had been found at Oyoko. It is said that Nana KyerewAkentenwas at thi- time an independent Queen Mother of a courteousnobility. She had her own ancestral stool.It is said that one of her brothers, called Buahin,accompanied her when they left, with other relatives, for Qyoko. On their arrivalat Oyoko there was not a single resident there, so Nana Kyerew Akenten and herretinue designed and built their own houses. The area of Oyoko, itis said., wasdensely forested, with deposits of clay, but through the hard work andeommunal labour of Nana Kyerew Akenten and her retinue, it became a greatcommercial centre, specialising in pottery, which was an innovation inthat area.Nana Kyerew Akenten, it is said, became a very famous woman withinher area,presumably the only leading female personality at that time so far ascommercewas concerned.Nana Dumanafohene, by name Beafo Adu, heard of the initiative of NanaKyeeew Akenten and sought to marry her.Tradition has it that once the Queen Mother married she

was naturally expected to begin co-habitation with her husband. TheDumanafohene, Boafo Adu, was living near the present area of Mamponten, soKyerew Akenten was obliged to leave her jobto live with her husband.Howeer, when she was invited by-her husband to go to his home, she told himthat before she would come and live with him, she wanted an area for settlementwith her relatives and descendants, who were more than anxious to accompanyher to her new home. 'e plea was duly accepted by Boafo Adu, and theQueenMother, and almost all her relatives, left Oyoko for Dumanafo,an area in thepresent Mamponten districtAfter they had been at Dumanafo for some time, she again appealed to herhusband, Boafo Adu, for another area for. settlement, since sheand her relativeswere becoming hemmed

- 3in at Dumanafo. She further told her husband that since she owned onethousandguns she saw no reason why she should become congested there with herrelatives. Her husband, it is said, agreed to her request, and appointed two huhtersto search for a suitable place for his wife, So the present area of Mamponten wasdiscovered. It is said that this vast area of land was covered by a wildbush calledEtene, and was given to Nana Kyerew Akenten as a gift. However, she objectedto this gift and asked that certain customary rites be performed in order to havethe area legalised as her personal property. So the Dumanafohene, Nana BoafoAdu, who loved his wife dearly, agreed and asked his wife 'to pay a customaryAseda fee of Benaa (= -M 7 worth of gold dust). This was paid by the great QueenMother as a symbol of the occasion, The chief of Dumanafo, it is said, directedthat his wife, Nana Kyerew Akenten, should share a boundary line with theDumanafohene from the bank of the iver Wiwi.It is said that when this land was being cleared forsettlement, it was found to be overrun by a wild bush, called Etene,and so theplace was called Mamponten - meaning a great area (Mampon) covered withEtene leaves.It is said that the Quee a Mother arrived at Mamponten with her br6ther Buabinand other relatives. They stayed there for some times but one by onethey died.Buahin died later from chest troubles, but his corpse was carried to Oyoko in theKokofu disfrict 'for burial.It ivs'laid that Nana Kyerew Akenten became the Queen Mother of Maipontenand was the..female chief at the time.She reigned for a long time, but beca of the intermittant wars that faced thenation it became necessary to appoint a male substitpte. So Nana Saasi Ayeboafo,a brother of Nana Kyerew Akenten, was appointed to the stool and became thefirst male occupant of the Mamponten stool.It is said that the migration from Oyoko to Dumanafo, and thence to Mamponten,took.place in the reign of Asantehene Opok Ware. This great QueenMother,N,.na Kyerew Akenten, whilst on her way to Dumanafo from Oyoko,halted at

Kumasi and called on the king for the customary salutation before leaving to joinher husband.It is said that the present market at Mamponten was built through the auspices ofNana Saasi Ayeboafo. He ordered that Sunday should be the market day forMamponten. And even today Sundays are still recognised as marketday in

Mamponten, when many different people call at the town to do their shopping.Nana Kyerew Akenten it i. said. was alive in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Opoku Ware, She saw active service when Abirimoro, theSeIvi chief, invaded Kumasi whilst the king was at the Vattlefield at Akim.Nana Saasi Ayeboafo, it is said, was succeeded on the stool by his blrother, NanaBruku, in the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting kingwho fought in the broad daylight& This chief°went to the Banda warwith others,when Worasa, the chief of Banda, was defeated, captured and beheaded by. theAshantis. This war, it is said, was one of the deadliest wars fought in thatcentury,,'Nana Bruku was succeeded on the stool by Nana Adu Tutu Apam in the reign ofAsantehene Osei Kwame.Aau Tutu Apam was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kagya Panin in thereign ofNdna Bonsu Panyin. This chief, it is said, went to the Gyaman war with the King,where Adinkra, the Gyaman chief, was captured and decapitated by the Ashantis.Nana Kagya Panin was a nephew of Nana Adu Tutu Apam. Nana AsantsheneNana Osei Yaw Akoto. After this war Nana Kagya did not return to Mamponten,his official seat, but just stayed at a place in Kumasi, called Doininaseo Thisplace has become known as Kagyatia (Lorry Park), since it was a short distance toKagya s residence, It is said that when the Asantehene in the old days sent someof his stgpl servants to Kagya at his residence to call him for a parle'ythe passers-by who saw them would ask them- the purpose of their mission. They would inturn tell observers that they were going to the residence, or side, of Kagya, theMamponzenhene' Thus came about the prese.nt name of Kumasi Lorry Park(Kagyatia), that is, the residence or side of Kagya.Nana Kagya Panin, it is said, was destooled in the reigs of Nana 1., ,:ah Bonsu formal-administration.He was succeeded by Nana Kofi Adu Twum in the reign of this same King, NanaMensah Bonsu.Nana Adu Twum, it is said, was on the stool in the reign of King rempehI. Hewent to the Nkoranza war which was fought in the first part of the reign of KingPrempeh before his exile

- 5to Seychelles Island. It is said that Nana Adu Twum died in 1919. He wassucceeded on the stool by his nephew, Keaga Kumah, who was enstooled in 1919whilst the King was inSeychelles.The king came to meet Kagya Kumah on the stool after his repatriation in192J+.Kagya Kumah died in 1937.

Nana Kagya Kumah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kofi Owusu, hisgrandson, in the reign of the present moarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. Hewas destooled in 1959 for mal-administration.Nana Kof!i Owusu was succeeded by Kagya III, a grandson of the stool. He wasdestooled after a year's reign.Nana Kagya III was succeeded by the present chief, NanaOwusu Agyeman. He took the Oath of Allegiance to thi prs Rnt King, Sir OseiAgyeman Prempe1 . tha 30th .A 4il, 1962.

- 6 -ItEFS OF THE HM=N STOOList Chief Female chief Kyerew Akenten2nd " (Male) Saasi Ayeboafo3rd "Nana Bruku4th " Nana Au Tutu Apam5th : Nana Kagya Panin6th Nana Kofi Adu Twum7th " Nana Kagya Kumah8th : Nana Kofi Owusu9th : Nana Kwasi Kagya III10th : Nana Owusu Agyeman (present chief)

. - 7 "APPEMIX AHISTORY OF BRUKU AM SAASI STOOL M NTENG(by Nana Owusu Agyemang)The established name of the stool as known according to Ashanti history is'BRUKU AND ASI STOOL' which is an *;. ABOHYEN STOOL within theOyoko Clan.Mamponteog was founded and 'built by Nana Kye'ew Akentenwho immigrated from Oyoko in Amansie on a marriage expedition to Dumanafo.She immigrated from Oyoko.-with her subjects to her husband Nana Boafo Aduwho was then the Dumanafohene. Nana Kyerew Akenten brought withher 1,000guns and this Won her a' title aa "Nana Kyerew Akenten, a woman with 1,000guns". This title was given during the reign of -King Opoku Ware, .Nana Kyerew Akenten asked her husband Nana Boafo Adu tofind her a place to settleW ith her subject;s. Nana Boafo Adul orderedhis huntersto find a suitable place for Nana Kyerew--. Akenten. The hunters found a vastarea of' land which was-covered with a wild bush called Etene. Nana Boafo Adugave the land which started from river Wiwi as tjoundary between DU nafo abdMamponteng to Nana Kyerew Akeriten and her subjects to settle there.NanaKyerew Akenten settled on the given land and paid M 7 to Nana Boafo Adu asAsEoda and named, the place as Mamponteng. This name was given becaufme ofthe wild bush (Etene). She then left Dumanafo to settl() at Mamponteng with hersubjects.

Nana Kyerew Akenten who was the head 2f the people was made the QueenMother of Mamponteng. Shel reigned for a long time and during the Ashantiwars, it was diecided that a man should be enstooled to lead the men for wax.Nana Saasi Ayeboafo who was the brother of Nana Kyere-w Akenten wasGatooled the first occupant of the stool.Nana Saasi*Ayeboafo reigned with his iister for years and it was during his reignthat the market was made and he ordered that the market day shouldbe Sunday.He ordered

- 8again that foodstuffs should be collected from the market on every Akwasicae andthis has been an established custom ever since.After the death of Nana' S~asf Ayeboafo, his brotherNana Bruku was enstooled as the second occupant of the stool. and this gave thename to the stool as "Bruku and Saasi Stool".NANA KYEIEEW AKUNTNNana Kyerew Akenten had only one son who was calledBoahen. Nana Boahent went to war during the reign of Opoku Ware. This warwas known as Kunkum war. It was between Ashantis and some Northerners.After the war Nana Boahen had a heart attack and died. His body was carriedfrom Mamponteng to Oyoko for burial.After his burial, a linguist was appointed to look after the grave and the place ofburial was named as Nana Boahen Banmu, And this royal oemetery has specialattendants who serve at occasions; they are called Hbanmufuo.Nana Kyerew Akenten died later after the death of her son Nana BoahM.Shewas also taken to Oyoko for burial and where she was buried was alsocalled"Nana.Kyerew Banum". Some attendants were appointed to look afterthat royalcemetery and they are Nana Kyerew Banumufuo.BLACK STOOLSThere are four purified Black Stools .which are kept in Nkonwafie incommemoration of the ancestors. They are ag follows :Nana Saa~i AyeboafoNana BrukuNana Kyerew AkenternNana BoahenNana Kagya PaninNana Kofi -AcutwumNana Kagya KumaaNana Aduutu Ampam

ROYAL CMER~IESThere are two royal cemeteries at Mamponteng. Theseare Ebaai Kumaamu and& Ebaa2 KesiemeNana Buruka Nana Kagya Panin Nana Kagya IAnantuo Nana Akwfaboah KyereNana Appiah Dankwa Nana Fosu ftna Kagya KumaaEban Klumaam : Nana .Ano Brafuo Nana Adu Ntow

Classification'. InformantDate : Subgect olIAS acc. no. AS. 65 Nana Osei Asibey, Deboosohene J. Agyeman-Duah 23rdApril, 1963 Debopso Stool HistoryInstitute of African Studies, University cf Ghana, LegonJune, 1963

The Deboosohene belongs to the Gyase division of theking. He swears to the Asantehene with the Mpompomsuo sword.This is a stool of matrilineal descent. It belongs to the Asenie Abusuaor clan.This stool is said to have been dreated by King Osei Tutu, Opimsuo. Thefirstchief of this stool was Asamoah Panyin. He went to the Dormaa war fought atAbesim, where Dormaa Kusi, the Commander-in-Chief of the Dormaa army, wascaptured and decapitated by the Ashantis.He also went to the Denkyira war in the reign of King Osei Tutu when NtimGyakari, the Denkyirahene, was defeated and captured at Fehyiase.Asamoah Panyin was succeeded on the stool by his brother, Otene Dwenfuoh, inthe reign of Asantehene Opoku Ware. This chief went to the Takyiman war,along with othersq when the Takyimanhene, Ameyaw was captured andbeheadedby the Ashantis. He also went to the 4vaman war in the reign of King OpokuWare when chief Kofi Abo wis captured and decapitated by the Ashantis. He alsowent to the Banda war in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, the greatfighting king, where Worasa the Banda chief was killed.Otene Dwenfuoh was succeeded on the stool by AsamoahBiewah, his son. It is said that at this time there was no ripe royal for the stool anda son of the stool was appointed to act as Deboosohene.Asamoah Biewah was succeeded on the stool by his son, Atta Famfam,in thereign of Asantehene Osei Kwame. It is said that there was still noripe royal forthe stool.Atta Famfam was succeeded on the stool by Osei Abenase, a son of OteneDwenfuohq because there was still no royal ripe for the stool.Osei Abenase was succeeded on the stool by Kwaku Hening in the reignof NanaBonsu Panyin. He went to the Gyaman war with the king when Adinkraq theGyamanhene, was captured and decapitated by the Ashantis.Kwaku Hening was succeeded on the stool by KwabenaAsamoah, a son of the stool, because there was no suitable royal forthe stool.Kwabena Asamoah was succeeded on the stool by Mosi, a grandson ofthe stool;this was in the second part of the reign of King Prempeh I, after his repatriationfrom Seychelles

-2 -Island.

Mosi was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Dontoh, who was also a son of thestool, in the reign of this present monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II.Kwame Dontoh was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Kyem,a grandson of the stool, in the reign of this same king, Sir Osei Agveman PrempehII.Kofi Kyem was succeeded on the stool by Osei Asibey,the present occupant of the stool, who is proclaimed to be a real descendant of thestool.NOTE°The duties of the Deboosohene at the king's palaceare as follows:1. He is responsible for trimming Otumfuo's hair.2. He is responsible for holding Asantehene's nightsword when the latter goes out for a walk.

-3CHIEFS OF THE DEBOOSO STOOL1st chief " Asamoah Panyin 2nd chief O Otene Dwenfuoh3rd chief : Asamoah Biewah 4th chief : Atta Famfam 5th chief O 0seiAbenase6th chief : Kwaku Hening 7th chief : Kwabena Asamoah 8th chief : Mosi9th chief : Kwame Dontoh 10th chief : Kofi Kyemllth chief Osei Asibey (the presentoccupant of the stool)

Glassification Informant :Reoorded byDataIASaoo, no,. AS. 66Xyoame wadwo Appan, Asantehene t s linguistJ. Agyeimn-Duah 25th April, 1963Subject :DUA KYEAK STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studie s, Uni versity of Ghana, L e g o n.June, I 5.

This stool was oreated by Näuna$',Aeman, allas NlanaKwaioa Duab I, Asantehene * Th1.e occupant of täis st col swears to theAsantehene with the Ahwihwibaa sword. It is a stood of matrilineal desoent. Itbolongs to t1m Esona .Abusua or alan. img~opn~ofas"to presents the;J.ainwre - ~~division or ol&i wf-the'king.:.- It is said. thfat tha lýrentii-o stool, which is thellanwiere stool,,wa.s .reatedNa:Xå4.A-"''tn, the 1east-.punacioua.,o.f.:tholj.4ihantiki - It the Dua:yeamestool.as, oreatkd ontevry a h 'tNa

Ageian oreated ths Brentuo Ctoo1. fThe oooupant'Vof .114s stool is one of tlw 0crdtd 1±nguistå of' thé Azantchene.t,.,.It is..said that. -tho Brentuo .stool. was oreated, toj .ÉcvÄå a nanmy for theÄsanteåäeneýy toe reA pren te 910uIt is said that on the oreation of' this stool the MUMIwrGhene' did not have thefull status of~-,% head.lan. cheäf, Or a divisional chief, as'*at p.z'sent'"', His,poaition'as. a head o)Än chief of' the. Manwero dvision af, iýhe ki1ngYwas re-oogpåed by the present r&igning nionaroh, Sir- Qsgaf Ågyeim.njfrieýh IZTheeMrst linguist -of th-i s -stoo: i1s sd oavee Kwa.ku DuahS alias IklaKearneö :This- 1±ngust nap.idz to use the surname Kweaku, because onlyUs ma.stezr, kiKwaicu DuaS I, was entitled to use this name.,Dua Kyeame was succeeded on the stool by Aiponsay his bro the r, in the reign ofAsantehene Narm Kofi KazrUcar.Amonsa was succeededl on the stool, by KwadwO Apan al"*a bro the r of Amorza, Paxnyin f rom the. same mÅ,her, in.the reign, c£Asantehe,,ig Nana Men Sa Bonsu,@Kvad.wo Apan Paii waås 'suc oeeded on-~h'sto&ö6±b- KvbenaFipna relative frm t 'he., Esona Abusua or edan, in there ign. of .Nana kwalu DuXiah ti. Uåé was diestoöle. 'o t inöcapta&l- ',#C,tation. *. ''"i,waea Rrivpong w-ts aicoeedled on the stooj. by Dweabufrp~]hyas~,4,_gedjýr know t be a iýoyal'oi :othest~l.. ~ i iIs såjad, spent -t ab. öt f*ÖrY.day stao.1e s lbedu te.Öf this cgmous dliff erånde:. aý ;hiswas in f'h ' Ä. Of King a~h~;~rhis e4le t S eliå I' ,..'Dweabu was swoeededlji Kwad o Apan II, ö=-öz~f'; theatool,. beoause at this tilm there was no ripe royal for the stool. So KwadwOApani II was enstooled as lin6uist. This opisode, tooc place in the reiga of thissamn king,

Naxna Pre"~h ' sexed -to- Seyohelles IsJ4nä. bythe British imper'iaist'-,. It, is paid, tho..t -becuse ot hi's exagamous ,4fference,his stool- ha-å yet been blackened* Thi s man'i is ä ta1 Scve co m f 'm'Mpobi,bilist the - eg. descendajits 'of ithie-toolceaw'-roi clu Yamoah;" about"olevennrles Pro& iiääksIdä the Offinu±a.It is said that Kwaåcw o Ap& I, di L-ei~<94u.gKaiser-G'nk "FWo'hd is tradAionally kmöirifts t ast Afican wa&', si#äåy epleviére.talten by foråe-:e o Åshanti in particulär and -from ihe f.Po1d Coast ingeneral to as23 h ,'ts £6ce nJat Africa and abroad.After te ~ath:f~'Ici~adWO Äah II. the solieaevacant for a considerab-ale lgth of time. The -preiget' Ocoup.ant. of the linguiststooj. Kdo ApnIIwas enstooled. in 1924, one andl a hälkI moK±th'ä aftär therp.raino King Prenipeh, I fr'om' :Seyohelle-s*I!laid, when the kfig.l,äs housed.

temporari1y at .Asafo's palace,, becau.se his own palace was not qua&te co-äp1leteci., kviä&vro ppan III'ha-s be-en''on ,tlhe stool for thltr-nine years.NOTE(a) The occupant of thla. atoo1 bas a linguistta..,;t10.oreatedl by NTana AgypggAi Alas Nana Kwaku Dah. I iwhioh serves asaz ynb ol of. .auth ority f or thfat stoo~l.>)The present ocoupant of tio, -stool., Nana Kii;advo .Appean: II;.was nanmd-after his gran'father. K-Fadwo Äppap 1. a.nd notal'ter Kwfa.dwo Appani II, a non-roqyal of the stool.(c) DU.a Kyeanie,.stqpl, lp aihered±tary stool ana the ocoupantowe s dlireot' j-egiance t& Åt1 m #Li ough .txacItionhas it -thQt< 'tMo o andiadate.elecit, ch osen by.t491. n g1';:mikers of th'e stoJ.,,has to nukle, the, necessarj. pre8entation t o the 1,,1,nierehene before' takni ltheOath of.Office to the Asantehene , he does nöt in any way owesallege.nce to -bae Hanwere stool.

CHIEI-S OF ETE DUA EB'16- LLinguist11Duah lcyeame AmponsaKwaduro Apan Panyin Kviabena Frimpong Aveabu (destoolecl) Kviadwo 4an II(clestoolea) Kwadwo Appan III.Ist, 2nd. 3rd,, )+th. 5th. 6th. 7th-

Classification: Informants:IP3 ace. no, AS. 67Nana Kwa'aija Ki aning, Achiasehene C-yasehene Kwasi Ababio of Achiaseabusuapanin Kwame DonkorJ, Agye nan-DuahDate:-15th April, 1963Sub .ie ot:ACHIASE STOOL HISORY" - . .-. . .Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963Record.e bZ::

Achiase is forty-two miles from Kumasi on the IumasiAcora road, within theAshanti Akim district, and is one of the Kumasi islands,The Achiasehene swears to the Asantehere vi th heMpomponsuo sword. He belongs to the Gyase division of the king.

The Achiase stool is here ditary and has an abusua or clan known as Ekuona. It isa stool of mtrilineal descent.It is said that in the old days Nana Adansehene Kwakye Firam waged war againstthe Denlcyirahern, Boa Amponsem, aad the Denkyirahene was victorious. Afterthis war the Adanbehene died a natural death at Adanse. His successor, AbuBonsari, was celebrating the funeral of chief Kwakye Firam, when, as customdemanded, the king of Ashati sent some bearers to attend the funeral on hisbehalf. During their presence at this funeral the bearers of Rana Osei Tutudiscovered that some women of the community were firing guns (Tram) to tarkthe symbolical importance of the occasion. This custom, which was contrary tothe constitutional law of Ashanti, was instantly reported to the Asantehene by hisbearers, yiho mooked the Adanse people for such a primitive act *vah in theirview was a violation of custom.The Adanse people, learning of the mockery of Asantehene's bearers, grew angryard came to bLouws with some of the king's bearers. Fighting broke out and someof the bearers were killed.This unhappy incideat ;as reported to the king forthwith. The king, it issaid, wasvery angry and took a serious view of the matter. A force was mobilised to wagewar against the Adanse people. When news of this invasion reached theAdansepeople they fled to Nkwanta Akim and se ttled at a village called Dwenase in theAkim .Auakwa state.At a later date the Asantehene, Nana Opoku Ware, succeeded his uncle, King Osei Tutu, aid heard of the incident. After giving a secorn though to the matter heappealed to the refugees to return home. It is said that it was at aboutthis time thaNana Asantohene Opoku Ware had defeated the Akim Odahene, by name AttaEfa, after a skirmish, In the Akim area.. After this victory the Asanteheneorderco& that a section of the Adianse refugees taking shelter inthe Akrm areaheaded by Kwadwvo Duah should reside at a nearby village, whichbecameknovn as Dwiase, so that they could serve., aa guards for the Asanteheno and thegolden stool.

- 2 -Whilt re äident at DwiT:ase th3 hef Kitadwo . wh was a septegen ' ý-anaýrnrriåd three wome~n of th an aoLn f YAk .q ifrn places of -the nationk~u-reto ~0ov ýhat' ý viaz a pi.or-ressive Åshaný'{ mär of fnobål.ityä it issaid 4ihat.he. uarriLed'a f>emal'e roya]i-of the, Oyoko clanfrom. Jtia:bdiåwhý. gAicbiri'tto amale byar- -a;lwh.o- was to bo co i the fVIl&re Juabenhene c At, jhesa~time~ ho- marr-iedaäå Juasproy4., of^ .th e Oyoko clan"kýro vg*vbi rth to M-wle, &1 12 J2 cl jua"c' !XU G-- v;h,-c bec IM, chhfof -Jäiasö, H e a1so -varz<IéAc! . Ju ahKR.' roya2. of the Oyoko 31anvho gaVe birth to a tåle chf_ld.whose iåäe has not';yet been. iåentif'ied',, but.who becamoe kiXuur:, chief of.Jviänååý' As a,.etilt. ö :&r the se* narrlage s vi-was niöknaxe d by his 66oileaggps "Kwadvwo Demifi", meaning KwaJxwo the gree dy yan who married threewomen of the sane royal blood.

It is '-a.id that foxrI.rly the original place of ab ode or Akrofosoof -M1e '3d.ahenewras Danpong, a village in the present area of Ashanti Uci. district-,. Rut at. thecommand of theki, Nana Opoku.ÄVare, Kwvadwo Dua-k and his retinue weresent -to live at Dwiase to se3rvo- as guök s to the Asantehere äfter the' defeat- ofthb gdah.6ne Att. 1 a, wvho had ~-eitaken shelte3' än,. his present'place of res.i'~ice. Dc is~ said that in oee days the dahono was the i- !:"ng factor in thepresen-t areg of Konongo arid iuie area rounciabout the present Ashai4i..Ak.iým di sträict,W,[hilstu sc ving as a guard to Asantehenie at Dwiasä chieý Kwadwo Duah hac'Iwo.brotäo rs-*.name ly.Kwadwo Tabon and Ajcwas± .Apenteng.. WhIE -teyw;)re* - w DivnLase Adowa Kyei, the~ sister" of' Chief Kwvadv;- ýuah., gavebirth to flebra Kufuor, Kwanowahi.(f emale). Atta.«' .3nin-.and Attah kumah(identicål female twinå).DaakowaWtKväah - Iwclr Duå1i lUdal:wisUnder&:v' äe ofmtilx i escent hi!-owi-i to the -Ashaiti'people the 6 s .c½tsOf AldövaKyäi, thep sister of Kivacwo Duah. im, D pVwit1 tle. ½ Lv' ;lac-~ kwanow the first fe't,,11 child of AdowåRKyei,.established herself m c her f amily a.Ayma a iilläage, about four -and a ha2'M10.3 from Kokofti, Ä~.ah P ann on 'ö£' t he ide ntic al ýe ~e twins of Ad< , ÄKy,3i.. s ettlé'd ,in t1n -present area of Adäiase vrith her f ar Ly. Att-a Kumahsettled at Beposo with her f amily.' Doubtless V -,e descndants of 'Åd'wia Kyei;the only surviving sister of Y' do ui, became heads or chiefs of tIheirrespective~,~e-i-s,

It is said that whilst tley were still at Dwiase heAsantehene ordeed 'thatca .fceder road Lo d be nade through Achiase to Oda, andappointod one of the younger brothers of Kwadwo Duah, Kwadwo Tabon Lonsu,to keep vatch in tiht area. The Udah~ne., "Atta Firam,, as a very powerful ruleraico very much feared by his opponent_, so the king of Ash'elti kept a strict watchon him and established a strong guard ':L that area.. It is said' that the .satehene,Nana Opoku Ware', was still the occupant oP the golden stool andmade'this'appointment, during his period of office. Thus 1ana K;;adwo Tabon leftwith a large retinue, for the presont area of Achiase. This -area was named after acertain tree. called, Atya, Jhe botannical-name of which is:3il.hia-Sanida.It is said that at about the time of Nana Kwadwo Tabon'..s journey toAchiase theOf oasehene, by name- Tefu pasatwum, had also been defeated Enddecapitatedby the Asanteheae and some of his subjects had taken refuge in the areadfAshanti Akim. The Achiasehene, Nana Kwadwo Tabon, was further chargedwith the responsibility of keeping an eye on these re fugees. As a result of thesevarious assignments the Asantehene elevated the Ach-ischeno to the status of anAbirempong. From that time the Achiasehene has sworn the Oath of Allegiance toAsantehene with the Mpomponsuo sword,Nana Kwadwo Tabon Bonsu was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Ankapong inthe reign of this same king, Nana Opoku Ware. It is said that Ankapong went tothe Akim war with the king, when Abiremuo, the Sefwi chief, took revenge onKumasi town whilst Asantehene was at the battlefield.

Bafuor Ankapong reigned for three mnths and met anuntimely death. He was succeeded on the stool by his brother DansoAbiam in thereign of Asantehene Xuai Bodum.Nana Danso Abiam was succeeded on the stool by Oppong Kwame, his nephew.Nana Oppong Kwame was succeeded on the stool by Kwakye (yeabuorin t'herei4p of Nana Bonsu Panyin. It is said that he went to the Gyaman war with theking when Adinkra, the Gyaman chief, was captured and decapitatedby iheAshantis. Nana Kwakye Gyeabuor reigned for a long time. He was on the stoolwhen King Prempeh I was enstooled.He was succeeded on the stool by his brother, Yaw Mensah. He was on the stoolbefore King Prempeh I was exiled to

Seyphelles Island.Nana.YLaxw Mensah rtrs succoeded on the stool by Yatýv Beyeden,hisnepbÄew, whilst King Prcnipeh I %,as still in exile. '' H was desto:led. for mal-ad.mL-lstrationi.lie wAs succ eede d by Kc.I Men, hi s bro the r, v.,b :iWudestooled forria -adnrinistraåtion'aft.er thre*e rnonths' reiga.Ya* Beyeden wås then reinstated whilst the king was stllf'ý in tSeye illesIålånd,lie ied- on the stool.H6e väs succeåeed~m -on te stoo l by 0Osel Yaw II.. a nephew of Yaw Beyedlén,whilst tho ld.xg was still. in e-lie. lie was de stooled 'far - -mal-adxnnistrati on.lie was5 sud edåed by Kofi Abu. lie was.enstooledtwö yer af ter the'repatriationoC Xing Prempeh I. liHe was dlestogoled in-thé rei "iöP'this presentreigning- moraroh, Sir:-.si grear Prempeh II.Kofi Abu- was succeeded by the present chief Kwa!bena, Kwaning, a nephew ofKofi Abu, lie Alias spent about. f ourte-Eg years on the stool.

- 5 -CHI.EFS OF A.CHIASE STOOL1st Chief Kvzadwn Tabon Bonsu2nd Baf'uor Ankapong3rd ": Daznso -Abiain4th Oppong Kwiame5th : Kwakye Gymbuor6th : Yaw Mdensah7th Yaw Beyeden (destooled)8th : Kof'i Ntem9th : Yaw Beyedon (reinstated)10th Osei Yaw ItI (destoo-led)11th : Kofi Abu (dlestooled)1 2th :.Kwab ena Kwaning(the present chiuf)

Classificati on :

Informnt,: Recorded by : Date :Subject :lana Kwame Oti Ababio, NfantiheneJ. Agye im n-Duah 17th March, 1963NFANTI STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963IAS aceO.no, AS. 68

The Nfantihene swears tu tle Asantehene with the 1pomponsuo sword. The Nfaitistool is a stool of matrilineai descent and it belongs to tIM 'du-na Lbusua or clan.Forrerly the Niantihcno was ].io-;in as Tumantu, that is, the impregnable chief.The Nfantihene belongs to the Gyase clan of the king.It is said that the Nfaxti stool was created by Asantehene Opoku Ware after theTakyiman war with Ameyaw, the Takyimaxhene. After the Ashantis had defeatedAmeyaw, many prisoners weresent to Kumasi, but they were dissatisfied with the administration of the state andescaped during the dead of night. The king became very angnj about t1is unhappystate of. affairs and appointed one of his faithful court servants, Awere, to keepwatch on the prisoners during the nigit.It is said that at that time there were no matches, and " Efan", certainfibres fromthe palm tree, were used instead. This faithful servant of the king, Awere, wasmade responsible for the Efan which were being pilfered by the warprisoners.It is said that Awere was posted in a conspicuous place to prevent this pilfering,ad thus became the Efanhene, which has been corrupted to Nfantihene,Nana Oti Awere, the first Nfantihene, was succeeded on the stool by his brother,.Oti Kumah.Nana Oti Kumah was succeeded on the stool by Adomako, a royal ofthe stool,.This chief, it is said, was shot dead d;ring thb Ashahti war with Akim. He diedon the battlefield.Nana Adomako was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Akotei.Nana Yaw Akotei was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Dwumah. He wasdestooled for mal-administration during the Yaa Asantewaa warYaw Dwumah was succeeded on the stool by Kwadwo Nkyedwo,whilst King Prempeh I was in Seychelles Island.Kwadwo Nkyedwo was sacceeded on the stool by Kame Oti Ababio, the presentNfantihene.

CHIETS-OF LJE ITANTI STOOLst. -Chief Alvare2na. Oti Kumah3rd- Ad,)mako.4thýI

5th. Y, Ya, Numah (äästoolecI)6th. Kwadwo Nkyedw.7th, Oti Ababio - (present Nfantihene)

Classification:Kwaku Yenturi, Abontendomhene ofAsemRecorded by:j. Agyeman-DuahDate:21 st May, 1963Subject:ASEM STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studic z,,University of Ghana, Legon.June, 1963IAS acc.no, As. 69Informant.

The Asembene belongs to the Kyidom division of the kinT,He mus direct allegiance to the.-Gbldéri. Stöol..«ý'Äähanl . 2.' änä-t: OwcåPå' to'the-. åsant'eh ord.ene -ý7ith the swMPOMPOn P00Ase nhå-ne_..-,,'äoffie'å' lindej'r tiie äate.r y o*f- ~the Kyld-lor.,m.ene", ofKuma$i_ . who:i.s nöty':-öf course,,,,the 4 Diiýpiiphené -'-*hö i head,.'of .. ,the-KyidOiå-äiViåion, Q:C. th.P, king. The".-Kyidömhäné *'of Kuål"2,. runsséfdohä in'oommänd'to . I i..:4AkyoRip'imheile in- the. Kyidorå.-.divlpon of the kinc. The Asem stool is one:- of matrili 1 nt'and has'-an':ýäbu"Eää- or olan knoýýjn as the Ekåanä'.Asem. in the~old., da -s -,uas. aboufoniå'uile. from t'4e: seatof Kumasi.ý but is noT7 on.97 of Åhe. ýrincipal lahes .'Qf thq..city of-kuråasi. It..iå' rýö4nå about _the..a ea of.,the fQrmer'.Government Boysl' School, vhich -isnovi Åsom Lopaf-Authority School*Formerly the åsemhene hela boundary lines 7jith Amakpwhene at aplace almostopposlýto Ai3,af cherie:* g-,:pa-'ace. ',,.ue, ýalsqJIPuc. . böiindoary-Iihes withthe, wxle Maåbýhgh'ý piaoc.!åile at .'anear the present S-åböA-Zor ihe so river.,-clt.-is åaid :that tih-éi. arearouiå.?A~ 4se wberiä re-hävJ'the present,' Goverftåentr' . Estätéljýý:Llåä'ekngs, also:bel.qriged to

The 'änoEFstop gf,.thiåý-;5.tool waS öääieaAntli Brafo.vihö d f omDenkyiraýýfi-on. v Ued.it 1, said:-, r äý - -ýllagé. da-me, topk wit4. him 2, langé råtihueNtoamu.. as rel. s. hisancestrål åtoö17 and-cape righ'-.dowin to a JkUaim. It -iä. salj- --ýhat- hismigratlw.1.--uas promptej f ?Lotthat -.Anttii- -Bråto'i7äs relAtpa to the Amiåkääheäe~,'.Ya-..7.--'Menoah, in the' paternal sense, 'Wished %hig...brothår.I-t is -åaid"*ýh"a t the',Amakonihene Yav7' -Meng,il-i .7h6..bel'ongEýA.'. to theAgånå- 6P AnVii Drafo,'Abuýua' marrieå from. the houHis wife via-s Ad7p_ý-4-, Pigåa ý a sý-ptercrf. Nana'Äätvji 'Brafo_ j..pý result-öf'.'ýUtls Wärripý-cthe. rc]_ý,-tives' of i -'BraPo cle to go and live néår the,.kåAggenI t 5 s alå t h at N a4, a .'.An t,,- i i JDr an fo an cl his d6 säen2L-äýå:',týän -as fNana Qti. '~ teh -äipÄ,;Nang Antwi.Brafd,5ä 'ý,äl-ioon the -ätok, in thé- ý?9 i of Åsantchen'g' Näriå, Ögäý He went..%7ar,..wi- - Nån "'.Vbik± YA6ähorpaa. ,athras fought at Su-n-t're suY' ' i * ihe area where ve, have the prpseå Estatebuildings, Nana Obiri Yéboah was killed at th:ýs Nana Antwi Braf o aliso,,wentto the 7s.edýäa Dorimäa.WarAt Äberäimwith King Oäé'-i Tutu er Doräkluai. thåCommanj,är-ýnChief of täý:horrftaåý:,åjrýäy,,, yrag -o-aptured---; d ýätDiormaas tocik2 f-6 tlielxý . ]hå gnå ere utterly ýrbtited.

- 2Nana Ant-i. Brafo was succeeded by Nana Akser,"..s brother, inthe reign 6f NaiaObiri Yeboah., It is said that it was durkig the reign of King 0sei Tututhat thepresent area of. Asem bedame incorpbrate.d into Kumasij Asem was named. afterNana Asem, ',because. Wheiever people questioned thb king' s messengers,' onthe'ir'7ay to summon NanaAsem to a state meeting,. they vould -reply that theyhad been sent to V ana. Asem' s place .Nana Asem' was succeeded on the stool by-.Nana Mensah -, in the -reign of this'-same king, Nana Osei Tutu. Nana Mensah, it iT s!aid'. * was a brother of NanaAsem. It is said that Nana 4MeniS'h vwent to the- Denkyira war in ahich NtimGyakari was defeated at Fehyiase.1Nana Mensah was succeed'ed on the stool by his b:rother,.Nana Anane,' :in the reign "of King Opoku Ware', Okatakyei. e aent td theTakyiman war'with the king, .h'ehi' myaw ..Kwakye was captiredand defeated by.the Ashantis' He P w.:Vent tothe Gyamanwit- with the kigrin which A66 Kofi," the gyaman chief, wasdefeated and decapitated by the Ashantis. It is said that it was duringthis war that

Asan'tehene' s Osafoherne, called Ofosu Pim,discovered.the Manye Molems at aplace 'called-Maanye. It' is said ::that Manye .va6 a.pt.pa-growing areaand:'the village .as named -after -this. I-t i's said that-: vrhlin these Moslems' vre captured ..by -the:Osdfoherie he questione&" them about their place of' origin and .he -was toldthatthey came . 'iom Heaven. Their chief .occupation :as-yam growing:and,. farming.The Osafohene captured these Moslems and sent them to*Kumasi. It -is- seaidthat they '*6z'eabout one 'hdnred in'numbet. On their a'riv&1 iiKum 'si they wiereiri roduced 1to the Asahtehene, who; whe(f' he learnt '-that - their, chief occupa-..tion was yam farming, ordere& that they should 3serve him at his court yardthrough the Asemhene: It is'said that the king further, .ordered thatthey should actas yam growers forthe AbanDwa (Goldeii Stool) . So these Moslems .becamee.stablished inKumiAlsi and"were made' toitay at" Asem, uider the supervilsion of th6Asemhene. ..Thby became known as Asantehenes Mhslems.' Kramo Abu;.' it isaid. was' they hed' th sd Manyd MdOlems. Mane can' be - in tace pin esentWankyi" disti~it iearNaha Ahane w 'as io:.oonthe stool in, the. rei'h. o .'A...te-' hene 0s .'i"adio .""e -was.: suoceeded by -Tairi Panyin, hi*" nephew, in the: rign of Asantehene Os'ei.-Kvadwo . t.9 gre6at fighting king:'Vib' fought in the brb~d :aylight.This 'ch i._f,'

- 3.-it is said went to the Banda war where Worasa, the chief of Bnda, was defeatedand beheaded by the Ashanti.s. It is.. said .that there was some fierce fighting inthis war. At long last. Worasa y.as totally defeated and. 'Ai hc.ad cut off, Hishead was imitated in gold, and plae pn a sword called Worasa-ti, which can befound today in the king' s court yard.It is said :that the Dadiesoabahene of:Kumasi took the initiativO,,:in this war,.Tabiri Panylh was succeeded on the stool by Tabiri.Kumah in the reign of Nana Bonsu Panyin. It is said that heven.t to. the Gyaman -tar,; there Adinkra, the Gyaman chief, was defeated anddecapitated by. the Ashanti-s.Tabiri Kumah was succeeded ,on .the stool by TiakqsahKqame, a son of the stool, in"!h'e r;ign of Asantehene Osei Yaw &koto. TiakosahKwx.me, it is said, was a son of Tabiri Piyin. He was entrusted with the. stoolbecause there was no ripe royal at the ,Lme to occupy it. The king-makers of' thestool elected him as i.- C. - propriate choice for .the.. .stool. He was thereforeinstalled and took the Oath .of, Office before them, He later took the Oath- of'Allegiance .to' Otumf'uo Nana Osei Akoto. He was of the Eduana clan in thematernal sense, but of the Ekuana clan in the paternal sense, to which clan orabusua the..stool belongs. This chief, it issaid, saw active service in the Akatamansu war with the Ashanti army. Hereturned home unscathed, although this was is regarded in high traditional circlesas a very bitter was. Tiakosah Kwame reigned for a considerable length oT. time.He was alive in the reigns. of' Asantehene Nazia Fredua

- Agreman,, :alias Kwaku Duah I, Asantehene Nana Kofi 4ar.ikar.i, andAsant~hene Nana.Mensth. BonSu. .His .:stool was. blackened after his death, thusmaking his descendants royals of the stool of :Asam, .The Asera stool,thusJoeccee constituted. in, both the Ekuana and Eduana clans.Tiakosah was succeeded on the stool by h is naphew.. .u.ikwa, -whose father was-an A um -ma:.. of'KuIsima .i Hei vfas enstooled. before the Nkoranza var,which._was fought in the-first part of the reign of King.Prempeh I .that: is, prior to his exile. This chiefwent'to the Nkoranza warand. returned-home with others ".victorious. He'was.on.the., stool during the Yaa Asantevzaa war.of 1900 agaitst the. Arit-ish,When"he':re alised that. the. Aahantis were :,losing, he' greW afraid for thEifuture and committed suicide. .Traditionally he is claimed as one ofthe heroes ofthe stool bocause he died on the stool. The stcc!2 ': 7(:ame vacant forsomo iueafter the death of Adumkwia,

Ad~ a was-succåeded on the stool by Akiwasi M.fum by"-, appoýjnýtmänt. -ofthe British G - övårme'n*A afteri the Yåa Asantevia vas of A-vasi-Mfum, itIs saia, vas an original royalof~th-e',.stpol. thåt isp he belongea to the:Ekuana abusua.M'e died stool.AIGJäsi.Mfum was succeeded--'on'thé'sIool by Akmasi~Aapofo from 'ýhe Tiak'osah sMe, that is. the Eduana abusua. Åkpjasi Anpofovas on the stool whilst King.Prempeh.I vås in exile.Ab-,.s Åäpof o vias suc.ceea.cd on'< the*' ggtool by.Apiagyei., å röyaltof the stbol4rjd of Iffic El-,ua..ý,-'åtusua.. while the king was still in exile inSeychelles.He.abdicatea at.his mnrequest.s7as' succee,4.9d by .,7ak-xizKy.'idop. his brother'. He'vaton-the-Ptool«ýuhen,.ýKing Prempeh-réturneå fr.om exile-Ck Kyiaom äie - å onthe~..sto<?l.åt a later aaté....ywaký, Kyiaomwas succeedee~ on -thé--dt Ygv. Kumahene-, ...U8- trothår. He7too I k the.Oath of ållägiancé to'.King -Prempeh , the pre sorit'reiýni kiäg '66f orehe died Lý Hö-also served ng.on -thå åtool in 1960. Since h-lå de-,ý,th:no 'åfie. has. been enstodlåd, The stool'af-Asem is at. pre se rit Vadånt.NOTES:a) Äåmhäke is..the Akuafuvhene 9chiåt farmdý)ý.-of .'the.Asantehene beoause ha.isréåponsible'for growing yups't-hr*bugh, the Manye-, Moslems. Golej@n, Stool.- j(b) A s e m hexie ! is ..1 responsible.-for prepaririý-the pqrridgjB -rorÅsänteheine'a(o) Bontuku MoslemsThe de MQslems ,are. quite dis.ýifänct f rom, the The könt~i, M o slemz .1t 1;3äAi i.7eré Qaene öt the ^Ashant;!- invasJýbns,-of tlig ikAh- in' tbe.. x-e, ign of'.,-.ASÄYÄO hefié Ose":L-.Ký.7adwd;:*'They we re,., Inmädé to :b

near, ý Cié present of-jumcsi.--. Their.,-ý..pré'23int.ýtiillagö,,j.s..Kvadäýyoå, 'Soäe''of-ýýese,-.licxsiåms,ý a.mix.-åå iiI thC. Mo, j åiýe- ae'å eridants. of..<,Xraflio

(a) "ampong MoslemsThese Moslems, whp. were sent to Kum~asi in the reign ofAsantehene Osei Kviamethrough 'the auipi~es of theMamponghene, are said to be Moslems from Yeji. Whenethey came to Kumasi some' staygd ne&r their brothers at Dominase. Othersstayed at Abuiran-Sekyrebosekyi, thatis, the area round about the 61d High Court buildingof Kumasi.(e) Asem MoslemsThese are Moslems captured from Manye. It is said thatManye is about tvent'-four miles from Wenchi.

CHIER'S OF THE ASI STOOL* 1 stchieftwti Brafo ist. chief ,Plid chief Å~sahLkth chief JAnane5th chief Tabiri Panyin6th chief Tabiri ýKumnäh'7th chief Tiakosah Kviame8 th chief .Adunkva9th chief Aknasi MfuxnlOth chief .Akwasi .Ampofo11lth chief .Apiagyei12th ohief -'- viaku Kyidoml3th c4ef Yau Kuma.hene

IAS acc° no. AS- 70Kofi Karikari, Asantehene's Senior KyeremaJ. Agyeman-Duah 22nd April, 1963Dat eFO TOMFROM DRUM STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, LegonJuly, 1963kjLQrn'=t :

It is said that in the old days the Asantehene had asingle Fomtomfrom drum, not a pair of drums as he has today. This formof singledrum manipulation was the fashion of the 'Asantehene in particular and of thenation as a whole.

It is said that when Akyerema Beniako, the Fo: tomfrom beater of theDenkyirahene, heard of the invasion of the Denkyiras by the newlyconstitutedAshanti nation under the leadership of King Osei Tutu, the strong man ofaction2and his spiritual adviser and confidant, Okomfo Anokye, he ran away fromDenkyira one night and took shelter in Kumasi, because he had foreseen byconsulting an oracle that the Ashantis would be victorious. AkyeremaBeniakowas the most senior drum beater of the Denkvirahene. In the old days drums wererecognised as fetishes because they had the symbols and objects ofa fetish. It issaid that drums would play of their own accord without being beaten wheneveranything strange was about to happen to a great chief or to a nation. So drumbeaters, or Akyeremafo, were more or less medicine men and held in great awe.When Aiyerema Beniako left the Denkyirahene's court unceremoniously forKumasi, the Fo!,tomfrom drum of the Denkyirahene and its auxilliarydrums flewone night through the sky and descended at a place called Adenkyeminaso in thearea of the present Police Barracks in Kumasi. It is said that they were searchingfor their master because they had long awaited him and he was no where to befound. Seventy drums in all are said to have travelled through the skyqwhichcaused great amazement to those who saw them. The matter was instantlyreported to the Asantehene, Nana Osei Tutu, who went to the spot to see the thingfor himself. The king was astonished at this strange phenomenon and ordered thatall Akyeremade people in As-anti should be invited to the spot to inform him ofthe iature of the drums. Akyerema Beniak0, the Denkyirahene's Akyerema, whowas by then a permanent resident of Kumasi, told the king that they were thedrums he had used at Denkyira and that they had pursued him to Kumasi. TheAsantehene asked him about the nomenclature of the various drums, and theAkyerema replied that they had a variety of purposes - some were used forfunerals, or when the king was in sorrow; others were used for worshipping theking's soul or kra; yet others were used for comforting the king.Later the Asantehene, Nana Osei Tutu, declared war on the chief of Tafo, whowas dubtless Osafo Akotong, and utterly defeated him, taking his bigdrums, hiskettle drum (tympanum), gold guitar, and other thingsq besides a district of onehundred towns.

- 2It is said that these big drums of Tafohene9 known as Penkyam Domko drums,were united with the big drums of Denkyirahene,:kundwn-as Fentemfrem drums9to form a pair of Fontomfrom drums. Similar drums are now beaten today inimitation of the king's court in every part of the Ashanti kingdom.The composition of the Fontomfrom drums is as follows:(1) The Fentemfremdrum which is considered to be a maledrum and came from enkyira as explained.(2) The Penkyem Domko, which is the big drum captured fromthe Tafohene of Kumasi. This is considered to be afemale drum.These two drums, namely Fentemfrem drum (male) and

Penkyem Domko (female) constitute the set of Fontomfrom drums which are nowbeaten at the king's courtyard.It is said that there are some few other musical instrume-ts attachedto this set ofFontomfrom drums:1. Brenko (4 in number) 2. Pasuo (4 in number)3, Adukoro4. Gya (1 in number)5 Donka-Donnor (2)6. Apentem (1)7. Nnna Wuro (2)Thus Akyerema Beniako became the first chief of theAkyerema stool and was known as Akyeremahene. This stool was created byKing Osei Tutu, the first Asantehene.Akyerema Beniako was succeeded on the stool by his nephew Akyerema KofiKodua Panin.Akyerema Kofi Kodua Panin was succeeded on the stool by his brother KyeremaKodua II.Akyerema Kodua II was succeeded on the stool by Kwaku Kyerema, who was ayounger brother of Akyerema Kodua II.Kwaku Kyerema was succeeded on the stool by Kodua III who was a nephew ofKwaku Kyerema.Akyerema Kodua III was succeeded on the stool by Asamang, whowas a son ofthe stool, because at this time there was no

-3-ripe descendanat for the stool.Asamang was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Kodua Asampong, who was anephew and a true descendant of the stool, in the first part of the reign of KingPrempeh I.Kofi Kodua Asampong was succeeded on the stool by Kwame AhukadeF, anephew of the stool in the reign of this present king, Sir Osei Agyeman PrempehIi.Akyerema AhukadeE has been succeeded on the stool by Kwadwo Ado, thepresent occupant of the Akyerema stool.Notes :(a) The Akyerema stool is one of matrilineal descent. Itis a family stool which passes from uncle to nephew.The occupant of this stool owes direct allegiance to theGolden Stool and swears to the Asantehene with theMpomponsuo sword.(b) Some of the sounds and tunes of the drums in use atthe Asantehene's court on ceremonial occasions are:To-re TIR - Asantehenedances to this tune with gunand sword when in sorrow.Benko - Asantehene dances to this tune with a handkerchief. It follows TopreTia. He hands over the gun and the sword to one of his servants and thencefollows

Brenko. After dancing to this tune he sits down.Naw - Asantehene dances to this tune with a handkerchief.- A dance for women and the king's wives.Oburoni Obewu Annh - While Otumfuo is in a Palanquin.Di - Beaten during the Odwira festival whilstOtumfuo is in a Palanquin.

CHIEFS OF THE FONTOMFROM STOOL1st chief 7 2nd"1hief 3rd chief 4th chief 5th chief 6th chief 7th chief 8th chief 9thchiefAkyerema Beniako KofI Kodia Panin Kodua II Kwaku Kyerema KoduaIIIAsamangKofi Kodua Asampong Kwame Ahukadel Kwadwo Ado (present chief)

Clpssif joatina Informant: Recordeld byIAS acc. no. AS. 71 Nana Nkwantabisa, Omantihene J. Agyeman-Duah 31stMay2 1963 OMANTI STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, LegonJuly, 1963

The Omantihene belongs to the Manwere clan or division of the king. He owesdirect allegiance to the Golden Stool and swears to Asantehene with theAhwihwibaa sword, which is less significant thak the Mpomponsuo sword of theking. This stool of Omanti is said to have been created by king PrempehI2 aliasNana Agveman-Duah. It is not a royal stool or a stool of patrillheal descent, butrather a stool for popular inheritance, enstoolment being t!2e pDrerogative rightof the king. It is a stool designed for household servants of the king who provethemselves industrious, energetic and faithful. It is an "Esom Dwa",that is a stoolfor the king's household servants. Although the occupant of this stool comesunder the category7 of the Manwere division of the king, hexwesdirect allegianceto the Golden Stool, and the Manwerehene has no commanding influence overhim. He is no subordinate chief of the Manwerehene and when calling at theking's palace for consultation he does not need to seek permission from theManwerehene. Traditionally the Manwerehene is his senior brother chief. TheOmantihene also pays direct homage to the king as he considers fit withoutpassing through any intermediary.It is said that the first chief of this stool was Kwaku Fi, who was a personalservant and subject of the king in his household. This servant of theking provedhimself competent and faithful to the king. He was also a nanny of the king.Consequently he was appointed as an Dsafohene, that is a chief ofa limitedholding.It is said that when the British, under the able leadership of Captain Stewart,beseiged Kumasi in 1896 in order to arrest King Prempeh I, the king, loving his

country and judging the situation to be one of unusual gravity, appealed to hiselders and councillors to refrain from mobilising forces against theBritish. Theking preferred to go into exile for the sake of his country, rather thansee thedestruction of the Ashanti nation. The king therefore sacrificed himself for thenation. Although his arrest was a serious blow to Ashanti prideq and adisasterwhich the Ashantis had never imagined would happen, the king, weighing up thesituation, calmly followed the British officer into exile.Before the arrest of King Prempeh I the Omanti stool had been regarded as aminiature stool at the king's court, and had no distinctive name. On hisrepatriation from Sochelles .King Prempeh I named it "Omanti", meaning that hehad not declared war on the British because he had the welfare of the state atheart. Thus came about the title "Omantihene".

-2 -Kwaku Fi, it is saidg was on the miniature stool during the Yaa Asantewa war.Kwaku Fi was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Nsiah. King Prempeh Icame tomeet him on the stool after his repatriation from Seychelles in 1924.Kwame±'siah was a brother of Kwaku Fi. It was during the reign of Kwame Nsiah thatthis miniature stool received official recognition by the king, whonamed it"'Omanti", as previously explained.Kwame Nsiah was succeeded on the stool by Nantwi in the reig'2 of this presentmonarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He was a son of the stool anddied onthe stool.Nantwi was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Kwarteng, agrandson of the stool, during the reign of this same monarch, Sir OseiAgyemanPrempeh II. He was destooled for maladministration.Yaw Kwarteng was succeeded by the present chief, Nana Owusu NkwantabisS,by appointment of the king. This chief has spent twelve years on the stool.It is further said that when King Prempeh I created this stool in its miniature formprior to his exile to Seychelles Island, he ordered that the following chiefs shouldcome under its category:1. Anyinahinhene2. Nkawie Paninhene3- Sixty strong people of Kumasi soilIt is said that it is quite customary for the king to appoint such men of physicalvalour when creating a new stool or Fokuo.

-3-CHIEFS OF THE OMANTI STOOL1st chief : Kwaku Fi 2nd chief : Kwame Nsiah 3rd chief : Nantwi 4th chief: Yaw Kwarteng (destooled) 5th chief : Owusu Nkwantabisa (present chief)

lassific t ion:Informants Recorded by

ate0 :Sub.iect :IAS ace. no. AS, 2 Nana Kwakla Dudil i J. Agyeman-Duah 16th June,1963ABOATEM STOOL iHISTORYInstitute of AIfrican, Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.July, 1 963

The occupant of this stool is one of three distinguished spokesmen of the Gyasedivision of the king. The other two are the Jachiahene, whose stool is theAduseiAtwenewa Linguist stool, and who has been elevated to paramount status by thepresent Ghana Government; and the occupant of the Akankade Linguist stool, oneof Asantehene's linguists, by name Kyeame Kwasi. Nantwi. The occupant of theBoakye Yam Linguist stool is also recognised as one of the twelve accreditedlinguistsof Asantehene. He runs next in command to the Chief Linguist of Asantehene andis more or less one of the senior linguists of the Asantehene. He owes directallegiance to the Golden Stool of Ashanti and swears to the Asantehenewith theMpomponsuo sword, used by the heads of the component states of the Ashantiunion and other senior chiefs when swearing allegiance to the Asantehene.The Boakye Yam Linguist stool is one of patrilinealdescent (Mmama Dwa) and is not a royal stool.It is said that Boakye Yam was a servant at the king'scourt in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king whofought in the broad daylight.It will be recalled that Worasa, King of Banda, made apractie of seizing and killing Asante traders on his territory. It was theNkorangahene, Kofi Budu, who reported this matter to the Asantehene. King OseiKwadwo therefore declared war on him. The war was fiercely fought. The kingmarched against ',Worasa with such forces as were to hand, hopingto crush therebellion in the bud. The Nkoranzahene, it is said, could not withstand the bulletshots of Worasa, so the Asantehene ordered reinforcements to be sent to thebattlefield. The Asantehene ordered Atobra Kwasi, the Dadiesoabehene ofKumasi, to go and assist the Nkoranzahene. But the Nkoranzahenetook to hisheels and died later at Nkoranza - not, of course, on the battlefield.TheDadiesoabahene f-ught mercilessly with the Worasa chief at a place called Boye.The Worasa chief was at length defeated and beheaded by the Dadiesoabaheneand his skull sent to the Asantehene. His head was imitated in gold and placed onthe king's sword, which can be found today in the king's courtyard. It is calledWorasa-ti. The Worasa chief, it is said in high traditional circles, was ahandsomeman, whose youth, health and innocence were heightened by a transparentcomplexion.It so happened that after this deadly war there was anational debt. The Asokwa people who went to the war under the able leadershipof the Dadiesoabahene could not redeem their share of the debt. (TheAsokwapeople, it is said, are responsible for running the Asantehena s household.) As a

-Abotem is a village about ten and a half miles from Kumasi on thnc Kuntenase-Lake Bosumtwi3 road. It is rao~hur battl-field of the naition.,The .- oatumhiL.ne o)ws direct allegiance to iiie GoldenStool a,±ici swears to T0he .Asantuhene with the 11pomponsro sword, The stoolof AbcatrL is o- of 'aitrilineal deocunf, Abelongs to the Bretuo c Lan orabusi . Itis sais tLa att3,-, the Aboatcr..hoi- e is a M.l er of '-1,>e Lr.Ltuoclnn of vwich t".Mampon(,'cnc. is the head, traditLon has it that Aboate:Lne and Baworohenaboth of th Bretuo clan, and Denyasehene, now a Paramount Chief, are :.uzil].iaxychiefs of t! Kronti rd Ala-ania division of the -i:-g.' They have, in fact, no .r~3tdivision at the king's court yard. They are more or ±rss indeponG ;nt cffs whocome under the c atogory of tiu hr)nti and Awcwanm division of the king,It is said that in the old days when.there was a .tc.r 1 debt and the king .-asmaking the ie.cessary apportionm.r,+. The Aboatemhone, the Baworohehe, andthe Denyasehene were -riven their special quota irrespebtive of others. This oicourse signifies that the Aboatemhene nd Baworohene are indopendunt chiefswithin the Kronti and Akwamu division of the king..The Aboatem stool, it is said, is an ancestral stool from Adanse Ayaae-AhensAu.-The first Chief of this stool is said to have b-;on tlo explorer of thi.:4ilage, NanaKwatia Kum Abombomfuo- It is said that prior to the discovery of this area byNana T K.. -, it was rxinly inhabited hy hunt ers. After a vigorous light with th.ehuntors, the ai-ea became tAe property of the chief, who was nick.t-namedKwatia Kum Abombomfuo, meaning Ki-.atia, the ki1ller- f hunters. Itis said thatthe exodus of Kwti,, the and his followers from Adadce took place long before thefoundation of the Ashanti nat,.on by king Osei Tutu. The r. an question w..snamed after a certain fvtish, by name Aboatem, whose shrine was in thedistrictb~fore it was annexed by Nana Kwatia- Kum Abombomfuo.Nana Kwatia Kum Abombomfuo waa succeeded on the stool by Yim Asamoah;Yim Asamoah was succeeded on the stool by Chief Asenso; Chief AsensQwas'succeed'ed on the stool by Chief Asante; Chief Asante was succeeded on thestool by Chief Yim Boateng; Chief Yim Boateng was succeeded oi.Lh. stool byChief Kwasi Yeboah and Chief Kwasi Yeboah was succeeded on the stool byChief Okyere; Chief Okyere was succeeded on the stool by Chief Adu TutuApam.

It is said that it was in the reign of Chief Adu Tutu Apam that king Osei Tutubecame the militant head of the Ashanti nation, uniting all the various ind,pendentstates into a compact body. The Asantehene thus becam; a symbol ofunity inAshanti. The Denkyira rulers, it i; _d th_ :Cd the tributanj states uhichwereunder their ministr tion. The atrocities committed by the Denkyirarulc: s axousedthe anger of the members of the community, and it was at this juncturo that KingOsei Tutu, a strong man of action, was places on the Aban Dwa as the people'schosen leader.Adu Tutu Apam, the Aboatemhene, it is said, showed a

considerable amount of bravery during the Denkyira war with Ntim. Gyakari inthe reign of King Osei Tutu, the first Asantehene.The Denkyirahene, Ntim Gyakari, sure of his powers, took the initiativeandinvaded the Ashanti nation. The great army of Ntim Gyakari arrivedfromAdunku, a village about four miles from Aboatem, and gave battle tothe Asantes.At Aboatom, it is said, the enemy was kept at bay for seven days, after a bloodycombat. Messages of congratulation were sent to Aboatemhene Adu Tutu Apamby King Osei Tutu and Okomfo Anokye, who were then at the battlefieldatFehyiase, awaiting the arrival of the Denkyira infantry army. TheAboatemhene....... was asked to etreat and join the main army atFehyiase. AtFehyiase, which is about two and a half miles from Aboatem,the Denkyirahene was totally beaten and decapitated by the Ashantis.As a result of the bravery displayed by the Aboatemhene, the Baworohene, andthe Denyasehene in this war the king appointed them as supporting chiefs of hisKroiti and Akwam division. They thus became independent chiefs,7.ithout beingsubordinate to any of the divisional chiefs.Nana Adu Tutu Apam was succeeded on the stool by AduTutu Ltta during the reign of Asantehene Nana Opoku Ware. Itis said that this chief went to the Takyiman war in which Ameyew Kwakye, theTakyimanhene, was beaten, captured and decapitated by the Ashantis. He went tothe Gyaman war, in whichthe GyAman chief, Abo Kofi, was defeated by theAshantis. He also went to Yar with the king at Akim when the terrible newsreached the king that Abirimoro, the chief of Sefwi, had invaded Kumasi andother tovns, destroying property and killing many royals.

-3-Nca-a Adu Tutu Atta was succeeded on the stool in thareign o0 Asantehene 0sei Kwadwo, the great fighting king . fought in the broadday light, by Nana Aduonin.Nanp Aduonin Was succeeded on the stool .v i'a.a AduGyamfi in the reign of Asantehe Nana Bonsu anyhn, alias Nana 0selTutuKwame. He went to war with the kiHn in Fanti lahd, at Anomabu. wher3 thekinv; dtetcd -. naL.e fda? himself joy placing the state sword into the sea for thefirst time in .ishanti history, winning the traditional appellatI on"Bonsu ', 'thedestroyer of the sea.He also went to the 0yaman war 'which occurd whenAdinkra Xofi, King of Gyaman, has made forhimsolf a golden stool similar to thatin Kumasi. As a tributazy king of the Asantehene it was considered a mostirregular thing to do, and Butuakwa, a renovwned linguist of the king,'was sent toAdinkra to seize the stool. Adinkra' quietly complied with the king's demand andsent the stool to Kumasi, but was afterwards taunted by his wife, who called him acoward for giving up his golden stool, and said that she preferred aman of oourage to such a phltroon. Adinkra, finding it too late to recall the stool,t-ried to right himself in his wife's eyes by sending insolent messages to KingOsei Bonsu. War broke out ard Adinkra was beaten and killed by the Ashantis.

Nana Adu Gyamfi was succeeded oh the stool by Nana Ylarfo. durin-,the reign ofAsantehene Osei Yaw Akoto. This chief, it is said, went to the Akatamansu warand returned hone unscathed. This war is said to have been the deadliest that theAshantis ever fought.- Chief M arfo was also on the stool during the reign ofAsantehene Nana Fredua Agyeman, the least pugnacious of the Ashanti kings.Nana Marfo was succeeded on tl' stool by Nana' Yaw Boadu auring the reign ofAsantehene kofi Karikari.. He was also on the stool during the reignofAsante~ene Nana Yiensah Bonsu.,Nana Yaw Boadu was succeeded on' the stool by Nana Kwaku Duah I inthe rei~gof this same king, Nana Mensah Bonsu', Asantehene. This" chief wa'son the stoolduring the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I. He. went to the Nkoranzawar, fought in the first' part of King Prempeh's reign, when theAshantis Werevictorious.Naa Kwaku Duah I was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kofi Kusi Boatem.

- 4N v.a Kofi Kusi Boatem was succeeded by Nana Kwaku Duah JII, thepresentchief.CHIUFS OF i'~ABOATEM STOOLi st chief : Kwatia Kum Abodbonruo2nd chief Yira Asamoah3rd chief . Asenso 11th chief Asante5th chief . Yim Boateng 6th chief Kwasi Yeboah7th chief Okyere8th chief : Adu Tutu Apam 9th chief Adu Tutu AttaiOth chief Aduonin11, th chief Adu Gyamfi12th chi ef : Marfo1 3th chi ef : Yaw Boadu14th chief Kwaku Duah I15th chief Kofi Kusi Boatem16th chief Kwaku DuahII (presentchief)

IAS acc. no. AS- 73Clas-sif ic a t io Recorded bySubiect:BOAKYE YAM LINGUIST STOOLInstitute of African Studies, Uriversity of Ghana, LegonJuly, 1963Ex-linguist Oti III, alias Yaw BarimahKyeame Boakye Tintin, Asantehene's linguistJ. Agyeman"Duah6th June, 1963

The occupant of this stool is one of three distinguished spokesmen of the Gyasedivision of the king. The other two are the Jachiahene, whose stool is theAduseiAtwenewaLinguist stool, and who has bee;i elevated to paramount status by thepresentGhana Government; and the occupant of the AkankadeLinguist stool, one of Asantehene's linguists, by name Kyeame Kwasi Nantwi.The occupant of the Boakye Yam Linguist stool is also recognised as one of thetwelve accredited linguists of Asantehene. He runs next in command tothe ChiefLinguist of Asantehene and is more or less one of the senior linguistsof the Asantehene. He owes direct allegiance to the Golden Stool ofAshanti andswears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo sword, used by the heads of thecomponent states of the Ashanti union and other senior chiefs whenswearingallegianceto the Asantehene.The Boakye Yam Linguist stool is one of patrilinealdescent (Mmama Dwa) and is not a royal stool.It is said that Boakye Yam was a servant at the king'scourt in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king whofought in thle broad daylight.It will be recalled that Worasa, King of Banda? made apractice of seizing and killing Asante traders on his territory. It wastheNkoran~ahene, Kofi Budu, who reported this matter to the Asantehene. King OseiKwadwo therefore declared war on him. The war was fiercely fought. The kingmarched against Worasa with such forces as were to hand, hoping tocrush therebellion in the bud. The Nkoranzahene, it is said, could not withstand the bulletshots of Worasa, so the Asantehene ordered reinforcements to be sent to thebattlefield. The Asantehene ordered Atobra Kwasi, the Dadiesoabehene ofKumasi, to go and assist the Nkoranzahene. But the Nkoranzahenetook to hisheels and died later at Nkoranza - not, of course, on the battlefield.TheDadiesoabahene fqught mercilessly with the Worasa chief at a placecalled Boye.The Worasa chief was at length defeated and beheaded by the Dadiesoabaheneand his skull sent to the Asantehene. His head was imitated in gold and placed onthe king's sword, which can be found today in the king's courtyard. It is calledWorasa-ti. The Worasa chief, it is said in high traditional circles,was a handsomeman, whose youth, health and innocence were heightened by a transparentcomplexion.It so happened that after this deadly war there was a national debt. The Asokwapeople who went to the war under the able leadership of the Dadiesoabahenecould not redeem their share of the debt. (The Asokwa people, it is said, are.responsible for running the Asantehene s household.) As a

-2-result of this embarrassing situation, the king asked Boakye Yam, adependant atthe king's court, and a nephew of the Asokwahene, Kwadwo Antoh, touse hisinfluence to persuade the Asokwa people to pay their share of MperedwnAduasa

of the national debt. Boakye Yam, however, failed to persuade themto pay thedebt, so thought it meet and proper to pay the debt from his own purse. It wsduring the settlement of this debt that the king died.Nana Osei Kwadwo was succeeded on the throne by NanaOsei Kwame, who was a son of Mamponghene Nana Osafo Kantanka. It will berecalleA from contemporary records that Nana Osei Kwame reigned from 1777 tothe end of tho century, when he was doposed. The grounds for his destoolmentwere reported as"his attachment to the Moslems and, as it is said, hisinclination to establish the Korannic Law for the civilcode of the empire".1The powerful chiefs in the capital feared that,"the Moslem religion, which they well know levels allranks and orders of men, and places them at the arbitrary discretion of thesovereign, might be introd.uced, wherebythey would lose that ascendancy they now enjoy. Toanticipate the calamity they dreaded, a conspiracy was entered into andKing OseiKwame fled with the Golden Stool of Ashanti, to the provincial capital ofJuabenand, failing to return to Kumasi was removed from thethrone. The deposition of Osei Kwame provoked a violentreaction in the Moslem north-west of the empire. KingOsei *Kwame was succeeded by Nana o 09oku Fofie, or Opoku 11.2It was during the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Kwamethat the Boakye Yam Linguist stool was created. This stool is said to have beencreated by the king as a tribute to Boakye Ym for settling the national debt.Boakye Yam was on the stool during the reign of Nana Bonsu Panyin, alias OseiTutu Kwame. He went to the Fanti war when the king, for thei Dupuis, p.XIV. Bowdich, 1819, p.91. Huydecooper's Diary,op. cit., entry for 18 Sept. 18162. H. Meredith An Account of the Gold Coast of Africa (London,1812)p. Military functions appear to have been conferred uponthe head of the Kumasi Moslems. Muhammed-al-Ghamba, for instance,commanded 7,000 believers in the Gyaman campain of1818-19, see Dupuis, 1824, p. XXXVIII.

-3-first time in the annals of Ashanti history placed the state sword into the sea atAnomabu and won the traditional appellation of "Bonsu", the destroyer of the sea.This linguist also went to the Gyaman war with the king when Adinkra Kofi, theGyamanchief, was captured and decapitated by the Ashantis.Kyeame Boakye Yam was succeeded on the stool by Oti Panyin in the reign ofthis same king, Nana Osei Bonsu Panyin.Kyeame Oti Panyin was succeeded on the stool by Kyeame

Kofi Boakye in the reign of Asantehene Osei Akoto. During this perioda fiercebattle took place at Prang in the northern region, prior to the Akatamansu war.Kyeame Kofi Boakye, it is said, played a leading role in this war, in which theAshantis were victorious. After this war the captives from the north were made toserve at Boakye Yam's stool house. Theybecame known as Mpraafo, that is, people from Prang.Kyeame Kofi Boakye also went to the Akatamansu war andreturned home unscathed. He was destooled at a later date for mismanagement.Kyeame Kofi Boakye was succeeded by Koif Nti, a grandsonof the stool, in the reign of Nana Fredua Agyeman, alias Kwaku Duah I.He diedon the stool.Kyeame Kofi Nti was succeeded on the stool by KyeameBoakye Tintin, a son of Kyeame Oti Panyin, during the reign of thissame king,Nana Fredua Agyeman, the last pugnacious of the Ashanti kings.Keame Boakye Tintin was succeeded on the stool byKwaku fokuo before the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I,alias Nan-Kwaku Duah III. It is said that he went to the Nkoranza war which was fought inthe first part of the reign of King Prempeh I. He accompanied the king toSeychellesIsland when he was exiled by the British. Kwaku Fokuo died in Seychelles.Kwaku Fokuo was succeeded on the stool by Oti II, after the Yaa Asantewa warof 1900, whilst King Prempeh I was still in exile. Ho died on the stool.Kyeame Oti was succeeded on the stool by Oti III, aliasKyeame Yaw Barimah, in 1907 whilst the Asantehene, Nana Agyeman Duah, wasstill in exile. Yaw Barimah played an active part in the First World War of 1914.He took the initiative

whilst on the stool in championing the British cause. He saw active service in EastAfrica on the British side. He was also active in the campaign for therepatriationof King Prempeh I from Seychelles Island. King Prempeh I returned to meet himon the stool, a-d he served him for the second part of his reign. This linguist, whois still alive and is one of my informants, also served the present reigningmonarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Duah II, up to 1959, when he thought it fit to retirefrom the stool because of ill-health and incapacitation. He is now a very old man,and totally blind. He abdicated in 1959 after fifty-six years' reign. He wassucceeded by his nephew, Kyeame Boakye Tintin II.

-5LINGUISTS OF THE BOAKYE YAM STOOList Linguist 2nd " 3rd " 4th "5th " 6th " 7th " 8th " 9thKyeame Boakye Yam Kyeame Oti Panyin Kyeame Xofi Boakye (destooled)Kyeame Kofi Nti Kyeame Boakye Tintin Kyeame Kwaku Fokuo Kyeame Oti IIKyeame Oti III (abdicated) Kyeame Boakye Tintin II (present linguist)

Cl"si icationL-if ormant sDateSubjectIAS acc, no,AS. 740Nana KvTame Bando III., FehyiaseheneNana AkuOna, Adoma Obaában of FehyiaseOPallin Kviciku Poku Opanin Kivad:wo Akuamoali Kyeame KvIabena AduenínGyasohene Kvíaku DuroJ. Agyenan~Duah6th june, 1963.FEHYWE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African uýý'tudic,s> University of Ghana,, Legon.September, 1963-,

The occupant of this stool owes directallegiance to the Golden btool. He swears to the Asantehene with theMponponsuo Sword. The Fehyiasehene comes uxider the category of Dimakwagroup within the Kyidom Division of the Xing. The Fehyiase Stool is oneofmatrilineal descent and belongs -to the Ekuona clan or Abusua.The ancestress of this stool is said to have been Nana Dufie from AdanseAkroforomu.It is said that Nana Dufie became hemmed in with her relatives at this place andleft with them to find a suitable place for habitation. From Adanse Akroforomuthey carm to the present area of Fehyiase which was considered healthy fc. theimmigrants.It is said that on arrival at this area there were some Utlanders residing there.- It issaid that there was a small cottage inhabited by the se Utlanders. Beside thecottage vmas a tree called Fehyi. So these immigrants thought it meet and properto settle under a tree called Fehyi; thus cams about the naming of thevillageFehyiase.It is said that-this exodus of Nana Dufie took place around the rei@a of Nana OtiAkenten. As a result of intermittent fighting then going on among themembers ofthe neighbouring communities, the ancestress, Nana Dufie, who no doubt .was aqueen-mother of outstanding ability, handed over th-e administration of thisvillage, as well as the ancestral stool to her son, Toku Kumanin, who, Was then aminor. It is said that when her son be came of age, it was further thoughtappropriate that she should rule the female section of the communityvhile TokuKumanin xuled the male section. Toku Kumanin, it is said, was on the stool in thereigi of King Obiri Yeboah, the grand uncle of King Osei Tutu. TokuKumanin, itis said, took part in the first oDorma War between King Obiri Yeboah and theDormahene at Suntresu in which the Dormahene was victorious.

Toku Kumanin was saoceeded on the stool by Nana Bando in the reigof KingOsei Tutu, the first Asantehene. He went to the Second Dorma War inwhichDorma Kusi, the commander-in-Ohief of Dorma Army was totally beaten andkilled at AbeSim.

This chief also went to the Deiikyira ar in which the Denkyirahene, NtimGyakari, wasdefeated amd beheaded on his own soil. It is said thatUtim Gyakaricame right down from Denkyira to Kumasi and it was at 4boatem about.2 milesfrom Fehyiase8 that ihe Ashanti Territorial Army was waitinxg for this deadlyand fearful king df the century. And at Fehyiase, tis notorious King, althougheonfident of his powers, was totally defeated and decapi-. tated b 'the Ashantis.The actual village of Fehyiase'ris about 72 miles from the seat of Kumasi, but ihespot wherethe episode of Ntim Gyakari took place is just half-amile" from Fehyiase. Thisspot is called Ntim Atoye (Besehenease) that is the death place of Ntim Gyakari.It is' said that Ntim Gyakari was chewing a kola nut when he was" suddenlycaptured by -the Ashantis. This kola nut, it is said, fell on the gioundand the spotin question was niek-namad Besehease. It is said that this kola nut germinatedwhere it fell. The kola tree which was the symbol of the nation, fell abcut a yearago.It is further said that Okomfo Anokye, aswell as King Osei Tutu, took to the battlefield themselves and awaited NtimGyakari at Fehyiase also.Nana Bando was succeeded on the stool byNana Almamoah Panin in the reign of Asantehenr Nana Opoku Ware. AkuamoahPanrin was a younger brother of Ban&o Akuamoah Panyin, it is said.,went to theTakyimun War in which Amyaw Kwakye was captured by the Ashantis. Hewentto the Gyaman 17ar in which also Abe Kofi was defeated and beaten by theAshantis.He also went to the Akim War in which theKing, Opoka Ware, took to the battlefield himself and. was there when thenotorious Sefwi chief Abirimoro besoige d Kumasi land looted the whole town,taking away many valuable things.This chief, it is said, was also on the stool in the. reign of Asantehene OseiKwadwo-, the great fighting King, whofou~ht in the broad daylight. He went to the Banda-War in which Worasa, theBanda chief was beaten and defeated.-in a fierce fight. This Banda chief, it is said,was a handsome ruler with a vexy noble appearance.Nana Akuamoah Panyin was 'succeeded on the stool 'by Nana Akuamoah Kumah.He was on the stool in the reigi of Nana Bonsu Panyin. He went* to war with .theking in Fanti land, vhen King Osei Asibey, alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwamewom for himself the traditional title "Bonsu", (Destroye r oIC the Sea)and wasthe first Asantehene to place the StateSword into the sea at Axiomabu after combatting the Fantis,N

~3who, of course, claimed the King as their overlord. This chief, it is said, furtherwent to the Gyaman War with the King in which Adinkra KoZ,, the Gyaman_chief was beaten and defeated by the Ashxintis.Nan Akuamoah Kumah vras succeeded on the stool by Nana Seifahin the reignof Nana AsanteheneOsei Yaw Akoto. He went to *Uhe Akatamansu Warwith theKing. This war, it Is said, was on of the most deadly wars, but he stillreturnedhome unscathed.Nama Seifah was succeeded on the stool byNana Sabin in the reign of Asantehene Nana Fredua Agyemn, alias Kwaku DuahI. It is said that Nana Sabin was a grandson of Nana Seifah. Nana Sabin wassucceeded on the stool by Nana Kiwasi Duah in the reign of this same King, NanaFredua Agyeian. Nana Kwasi Duah, it is said, was a royal cf the stool.Nana Kwasi Duah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Kofi in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Kofi Karilkri. This chief, it is said, died on thebattlefield duringone of the Karikari oTars.Nana 0 sei Kofi was succeeded on the stool by Osei Kufuor, his younger brother.He was still on the stool in the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I. OseiKufuor was not in favour of the candidature of King Prempeh I and ran awayduring the civil war that broke out over King Prempeh's enstoolment. OseiKufuor, it is said, left with a large retinue and took shelter at Fahohyeden in theAhafo district, when he met his death. The 2eyiase stool, it is said, became vacantwhilst Osei Kufuor was in 3ahohyeden. After his death, his body was conveyedback to Fehyiase for burial. Some of the followers of Osei KufVuor returnedhome on the exile of King Prempeh I. This chief, it is said, joined t1D British inthe Yaa As,ntewa War in 1900. It is said that he died after this war. Osei Kufuorvias succeeded on the stool by Opanin Akwasi Owvuobo, a royal of the stool hilstKing Prempeh I was in exile. He was destooled for mis-management.Akwasi 0Moabo was succeeded on t1- stool by Kwaku Dade, -ohilstKingPrempeh I was still in exile. He was destooled for mal-administration.OpaninOwuaoab o was reinstated. King Prempeh I came to meet him on the stool afterhis repatriation in 1 924.. He also served the present King, Sir Osei AgyemanPrempeh II and died in1 941. Opanin Owuoabo was succeeded on the stool by Akuamoah III in the reignof this present King. He was destooled for mal-administ rat ion.

Kwaku Dade, alias Bando II was reinstated.., and died on the stool in1 957.Nana Kwaku' Dade, has been succeeded on the stool by Nana BandoIII, a royalof the stool m-d! the present chief.

CHIEFS OF THE FEHYIASE STOOList chief : Dufue (Female Chief)2nd chief : Toku Kumvain3rd chief : Bando4th chief : Akjzu. moah Prtnyin5th chief Akuamoah Kumah

6th chief : Seifah7th chief : Sabin8th chief : Kwasi Duah9th chief : Nana Oscikofi10th chief : osci Kufuor11th chief : Akwasi 0v,uoabo (Destooled)12th chief : Kwaku Dade13th chief : Akwasi Owuoabo (Reinstated)14th chief : Akumoah III15th chief : Kwaku Dade alias Bando II(Rcinstated)16th chief : Bando III (the present chief)

Classification :Informant Recorded byDateSubjAe ctIAS acc. no. AS 75 Kyeame Kwasi Nantwi Asantehene Is LinguistJ. Agyeman-Duah 27th May, 1963 AKANKADE LINGUIST STOOLHTSTOMI,Institute of African Studies University of Ghana LegonSeptember, 1963

The occupant of this stool owes direct allegiance to the Golden Stool. He swearsto the Asantehene with the Ahwihwibaa Sword. He is one of the accreditedlinguists of the Asantehene. He is a spokesman of the Asantehene and also servesas a letter-bearer between the Asantehene and the Mamponghene. Traditionallythe Mamponghene cannot call at the Asantehenets palace without calling on thislinguist for permission to see the Asantehene. The occupant of thisstool is aspokesman or a representative of the Gyase Clan of the King. The AkankadeStool is one of patrilineal descent "Nmama Dwa"l, and is said to have beencreated by Nana Bonsu Panyin, alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame. The first linguist ofthis stool was Adu Trum. This linguist, it is said, went to the Gyaman War inwhich Adinkra Kofi2 the Gyaman Chief, was defeated, captured and beheaded bythe Ashanti s.Kyeame Adu Twum was succeeded on the stool byKankam, his son. Kyeame Kankam was succeeded on the stool by KyeameNantwi. Kyeame Nantwi was succeeded on the stool by Kankam II, a sonofKyeame Nantwi. Kankam II was succeeded on the stool by Nantwi Kaakyera, ason of Kankam II. It is said that this linguist accompanied King Prempeh I toSeychelles, when the King was sent into exile by the British imperialists.He diedon Seychelles Island and was buried there. Kyeame Nantwi Kaakyerawassucceeded on the stool by Kankam III alias Akwasi Wurah. He was a son ofNantwi Kaakyera. He was enstooled whilst0tumfuo was still in exile in Seychelles

Island after the YaaAsantewa War of 1900. Unlike other chiefs, appointed by theimperialists, he was enstooled by the elders and kingmakers of the stool. He tookhis oath of office befre the King's Apam Council of chiefs constituted by CaptainFuller, the Chief Commissioner of Ashanti.Kyeame Akwasi Wurah was succeeded on the stoolby Okyeame Kwaku who, it is said, was not a true descendant of the stool. Hewas on the stool after the repatriati of King Prempeh I in 1924. The King,it issaid came to meet this linguist on the stool. It is said that Kyeame Kwaku was aregent of the stool because there was no ripe descendant for the stool.Consequently his personal stool has not yet been blackened. This procedure ofleaving some personal stools unsmoked is a significant feature in theideology ofAshanti, because if a man is not a true royal, yet chance permits him to inherit astool of which

- 2 -he is not the descendant, tradition has it that his stool should not besmoked. It is acommon belief amongs the members of the Akan community, that the ghosts ofthe realstool ancestors do not usually respond to the call on sacred days when a libation ispoured because they do not recognise the chief. It is further said that even thedead body of this linguist was not permitted entry into the Baamu or theMauseleum of the stool, which is situated at Daaban, a village on the oldBekwaiRoad. This Baamu is about 3 miles from Kumasi.Kyeame Kwaku was followed on the stool by Kyeame Nsebe in the reign of thispresent Monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. This linguist is said to have beena true descendant of the stool. Nsebe, it is said, spent 12 years on thestool.Kyeame Nsebe has been succeeded on the stool by the present Linguist KyeameNantwi, who is also said to be a true descendant of the stool and a son ofKyeameNsebe.

LINGUISTS OFTHE AKANKADE STOOLLinguist Linguist Linguist Linguist Linguist Linguist Linguist Linguist LinguistKyeame Adu Twum Kyeame Kankam Kyeame Nantwi I Kyeame Kankam IIKyeame Nantwi Kaakyera Kyeame Akwasi Wurah Okyeame Kwaku KyeameNsebe Kyeame Nantwi (The presentLinguist)1st 2nd 3rd 4+th 5th6th 7th 8th 9th

lassification.Informant :Recorded by

Date : Subject.IA 3 a1L, 7 o 6K.aku 'n , Asonfohen^of AsanteheneJ. Agye man-Duah 25th May, 1 963 ASO O STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of C-hana, Legon.September, 1963

The Asomfohene owes direct allegiance to thu Golden Stool of Ashanti, andswears to the Asanteheno with the Mvpomponsuo Sword. The Asomfc Btooi. isone of matrilineal descent and belongs to the Ekuona Clan or Abusua. T--eAsonfohene also belongs to the Gyase Fokuo or division of the XingOn(., of thumain di2U LL c L' Asomfohene at the King's court is as follows- Whenever theAsomfohene wants to send any of his 3t001 sorvants or dependants, mho, ofcourse, are state sword bearers, the Asantehene asks or consultsthe Asomfohenefor an appropriate sword bearer for the errands or mission. Asomfohene, it is said,is the head chief of a~l state sword bearers of the Asantehene.This stool of Asomfo was created by King 0seiTutu, prior to the Den1lira ";ar in which itim Cyakari was defeated anddecapitated by the Ashantis. The llrst chief of this stool is said to have beenKwaiwu Kankam, who, it is said, also went to the Denkyira Ware Chief KwakaKankam was succeeded on the stool by Bosompem, his brother, duringthe reignof Asantehene Opoku Ware. It is said that this chief went to tne TaJqimaan WTarwith others when Ameyaw Kwakye, the Takyimanhene, was beaten bytheAshantis. He also went to the Gyaman War, in which the Gyarnan chief, KofiAbo, was defeated, decapitated by the Ashantis. He also went to the Akim war in-d-ie reign of Okyenhene, Fosu Apenteng, vhen tho Asantehene,Nana OpokuWare went to the battlefield himself. It is said that it was at this timewhen theKing was at the battlefield that the deadly chief of Sefwi invaded Kumasi andother statesof Ashanti, causing damage to valuable properties, and capturing severalimportant personalities in Ashanti, including royals of the various states ofAshanti.Chief Yaw Bosompem was succeeded on t'ho stool by Kwabena Safo,hisnewphew. Chief Kwabena Safo was succeeded on the stool by Akoako Tando. abrother of Kvabena Safo.Chief Akoako Tando ;as succeeded on the stool by Kofi Nkwantabisa, in the reignof Asantehene, Nana Kofi Karikari. He was a nephew of Kwabena Safo. Hereigned for a long time.Chief Kofi Iikwantabisa was succeeded on the stool by Kwaka Vko, his brother.He was enstooled before the Nkoranza War, fought in the first part of the reign ofKing Prempeh I. It is said that chief Kwaku 7Tuo was

- 2on the stool during the trial of Seneyah and othe-s for deser ration of the GoldenStool whilst th" was in exile.

Chief Kwaku Wuo was succeeded on the stoo'.by Kwabene. Adjei, his nephew. He was enstooled f-G - thL repatriation of KingPrempeh I frcw Seychelles in 9oKChief K'iabena Adjei has been succeeded o:; h-P stool by -the present"chiefKwaku Kankam in the reign og this prlsent I6naxch, Sij .Osei Agye1ian PrempehII, Ho has been on the stool for a period of 18 years.

CHIEFS OF TE ASOO STOOLIst Chief 2rid Chief 3rd Chief 4th Chief 5th Chief 6th Chief 7th Chief 8th ChiefKwaku Kankam Bosompem Kwabena Safo Amoako Tando Kofi NkwantabisaKwaku Wuo Kwabena Adjei Kwaku Kankam (Present Chief)

IAS acc. no. 1S 77Informants:Recorded by DateSubjectAnim Badwa II, Amakomhene Nana Benewa Gyebredu II, Obaapanin of :.makomOpanin Akosa, Kyidomhene of AmakomElizabeth Benson, alias Akua Kwabena, a member of the royal family of theAmakom Stool.J. Agyeman-Duah15th June, 1963 Amakom Stool HistoryInstitute of African Studies University of Ghana LegonSeptember, 1963Classification:

Introduction (by Agyeman-Dua-h)Theoretically there is an ancient belief amongst theAsene Clan, to IThich the Lmchom stool belongs, that the asene people descendedfrom a bead called Berewua at a place called Asisiribo near A.danse Acrolcerriand from there to a village near Nsansea, in the present i1shanti Akimdistrict.This assumption, no doubt, by the Asene group, may. besubjebt to criticism in that 1istory, as we all know, has at times beenfalsified. Itis, of course, for the historians to diescribe the lives and actions of the past as wellas the present-day people. Because history is a systematic recordof past events,especially those of importance in the development of men or peoples.qociologically, there is no substantial evidence 'thatthis Asene Clan has descened from a bead; but tradition has it that following thefootsteps of the ancient belief of the _shantis, there are some symbolical objectsas to the attestation of this ancient belief that the Amkom people were among theAsene Clan that descended from a bead at a place known as Asisiribo, in thepresent Adense Akrokerri district. This bead 'Berewua can now betraced atPeminase in Ashanti-Akim district, and is now regarded as a sacred Glove.The other members of the .sene family, alleged to have

met at Dompoase in the A danse district after the Denkyira/Akrokerri War, wereas follows: Amakom, Nkoranza, Intoa, j samankese, Kwarmo and others.Traditionally, Krokotoi from Asisiribo is said to havebeen the anicestress of this *2sene community. Krokotoi, it is said, begotGyahenowaa, and Gyahenewaa begot iXyarko Sika. Nyarko Sikabegot AttahPanyin, 4&ttah Iumah, Tawiah and ,yarlkomago.Under a system of matrilineal descent know.n to the.Ashanti poopl6, the descendants of Nyarko Sika multiplied and separated so far.as intermarriages and family squabbles were concerned.Attah Panyin, the first born of Nyarko Sika, it, is said, begot Bosonpem Kitilkyie,who emigrated from Asisiribo with her descendants to Apunpungya inAdensedistrict and finally settled at Dompoase. The descendants of AttahP)nyin are thepresent occupants of the Dor-poase Kronti,-Stool.Since identica.l twins have always the sam e features, .Attah Kumah, it is ,said,followed her sister, Attah Panyin, to Apunpungya and thence to Dompoase in theAdanse district with her_ofsprins..

- 2It is said that at Dompoase, the family of the sene people multipliedand therewas some sort of sectional factions among the members of the sene comniunity inthat several other members of the Lsene colimunity had joined their relatives atDompoase. It was therefore, thought meet and proper tht a caboceer or a head wasto be -p.rointed:to See to the day-to-day administration of tiilco... ii77. It is s.',dthat at this juncture, t-ro traditional stools, n..mely Okofo stool and BooompomIotikyier stool were rosrectivc1-. created to ir : Sy bolicLl expression o2 theoccasion,iarna Okofo's stool is at present occupied br theDompo&eheno of t3,,3 .-sene fa;mily in i.,shanti Xhim, the latter being thedescendants of .3ttah Ku-ah and not 'Lttth Panyin, as might havebeen expected inthe ascending order of riJ-nitude.Nana Bosompe'. iti.:yie's stool is presently occupiedby the Krontihene, or Abontendomhene of Dompoase stool, and are thedescendants of '.ttah Panyin.It is said that at a later date three additional stoolswere also created by the members of the 1ene cormunity, namely Nana OforiKropa stool, Tna Danso KIwarteng stool and Nana Antwi A'dwan stool.Tawiah, the third dauhter of Nana Nyarko Sika, it issaid, begot Ohenewah, and Oheneweai begot liwoanim. The descendants ofTawiah emigrated fron =sisiribo, the ancestral howe of Pemenase, a village nearNsansea, in the present I1shanti akia District, thence to the present area of.makom in the Kumasi district., The descendants of Tawiah exploredthe presentarea of Anakof.Nyankamago, the fourth daughter of Nana Nyarko Sika, it is said, emigrated withher descendants to I'Tasa Lnanfi which is an area in Southern Ghana.

So in coming back to the genealogical line of Tai ah,the third daughter of Nana Nyarko Sika, Tawiah, begot Ohenowa, and Ohenewagbegot Awo-_ain, i-ho founded the present area of .makom. 1,moanima Panyin,and )Moanima Kuna, and Akosa Yiadom, the first "Zmakomhene to be.It is said that after the Denkyira/.krokerri war, thedescendants of Nana Nyarko Sika migrated to different places in the country, as aresult Qf family dispute that arose amongst members of the said family.Tawiah, the third daughter of Nana Nyarko Sika, took a different direction w-ithher descendants. It is said that Tawiah bogot Ohenewnh, and Ohcnewah begotiwoanim. It is said that these descendants of Tawiah founded the present area of.1makom.

- 3So Nana .:Awoanim, the founder of Amakom, it is said, begot lborowa Musa andAberewa 1usa begot Amoanima Panyin, and Aroanima Kumah and _2kosa Yiadon, the first _',_Makonhene.The v.m:?Jcomheno owes direct allegiance to the _'Isantehone. Heswears to thesantehene with the 1pomponsuo sword. He belongs to the Adonton di, ision of theKing and runs second in comn-and to the Adonteheno of Kumasi, who istraditionally knowsn as the Ldontehene of shanti. it is said that the Amakonhoneis the head of the .[1sene Clan, which has been incorporated into theAdontendivision of the King, to which the Adontehone of Kumasi is the head.It is le:..rnod from other traditional sources that it was while Barira Osei Tutu wasin ..kwtaan that his uncle, Obiri Yeboah died, and Osoi was called to the vacantstool of Kumasi. Okomffo Anokyo, it is said, agreed to return to Kumasi withOsei, as his chief adviser and confidant, and the then 'Ikamuhene,. .nsa ksraku,provided then with a body of .wnauu troops under the able leadership of .nunAsamnoah to protect this future King of the nation to Kunasi.It is said that on arrival at Kumasi, the first warthat King Osei waged was against the Dornaas. The Dormaheno was at that timeresiding at Suntresu, where the present Government Estate buildings are. TheDormanhone, it is said, was defeated at ibesim, and Dorma Kusi, the cor.iandor-in-chief of the Dormas, capturod and decapitated. After thiis war, thenext chiefthat King OseiTutu made .-Tar upon, was :'makon aosa, who is said to have been the first chiefof !rn.kon. This chief was defeated and ki"lled by Osei.It will, however, be recalled that 'makora is one of the original member states ofthu present Kunasi state. At that time Kumasi was known as Kwaang, and the'mAomhen0, it is said, constituted a greater percentago of the populace. Whenmakom .,kosa was decapitated by King Osoi, -du Panin succeeded to the . ,nakomStool. It will also be rocalled that Amoanina Panying begot Afua Sorpong, .duParnyin, Adu MLanu, TIdu Hensah and Boahene. King Opoku I.rare was theson'of Nyarko Kwisianoa, who was King Osei Tutu's niece. It is said that after tidecapitation of .Amakon Akosa, the King formed a close friendshipw. ith the ALkon people. Nana Nyarko Kwisiamoa, a niece of King Osoi Tutu, becae the wifeof .du Panin, the successor of Amakoi . Akos,. This chief, .du Panindied soon

after he had narried Nyarko Kwisiamoa, and she becaze the wif- of hisbrother,.Ju ianu, ...c'u Panyin's successor. But he also died after a rionth or two, and LAduPanyin' s third brother- ..du Mansah, and Adu Menu's successor, .narried herroyal highness, Nana Nyarho Kwisianoa, before Opoku T7are, the future King ofthe nation, was born. It is said that Adu Mansalh die., very soon after the birth ofthis child. It is, 1-owever, learned fron other traditional sources that as a result ofthe death of the three fathers of King Opoku, the triple oath of NtankesieNmiensa, the Great Oath of Three, was established

- 4. -as an ordeal of the King.-It will be r, called that "moanina Panyin begot kfuaSarpong, Ldu Panyin, i-du Manm, .du Mens-th nd Boaheno. .Lfua Sarpong beg-otd'.u Donyina, S-rponah and Kwabena. The descendants of "fua Sarpdng rigTatedto 1ToranzC as a result of farily dispute. Even today tradition Las it thaitwhenever the .rnakon stool' becomes vacant, the descendants of --fua Sarpong,now residing in TNkoranza can calir. it.mnoaniu. Kuriah, alias D ede, it is said, also mi;ratedfron h riLkom with her brother .,boagyo to Nsabaah in the Agona state inSouthern P'rhana as result of fxaily squabbles. She married .1djbi Kuii ofAsarlang Kessie, and eventu-: lly moved to -samankose in the Akin bua, T a st ate,So du Monsah, it is said, was succeeded on the stoolby his nephew,- Koamere. Chief Koamere was succeeded on the stool by LIkoraGyimah. iJkora Gyimah was suceee!ed on the stool by Kwasi Nkaw.KwasiNkaw, it is s,.id, was on the stool in the reign of Asantehene Kofi Karikari.Kwasi lflka. was succeeded on the stool by his nephewWoaniagya. It is said that this chief went to the Nkurmnsa bTar during thefirstpart of the reign of King Prempeh I.iUoaniagya was succeeded on the stool *by Anim Badwa after the Yaa Asantew.a War of 1900. ie died in 1913.,1nin Bad-wa I was succeeded on the stool by Kwaku !ttahwhilst Iing Prenpeh I was in exile. It is said that the"King came to meet him onthe stool after his repatriation in 1924. This chief, it is said spent over 30 years onthe stool and died in 1949. *Heserved the present rei.runing Monarch, 9ir Osei -gyoman Prernpeh II in thiscapacity as well. He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Miensah Yiador in the r-uign of this present Monarch. He was dostoolod about 4 years ago for nal-adiinistration.Nana Mensah Yiador has been succeeded on the stool by minar Badwa II,,thopresent chief of the nazakom Stool.

CHIKF S -OF 111E 2.3112COM STOCI,lst Chiof2nd 113rd 4-th 5th 6 th 7th 8th 9th

i oth 1 l th Uth.åkosa Yiadom 'du Panyin11 du Ma-nu . I -du Monsah Koanero',.1-,ura Gyinah Kwasi Nkaw i-ýloaniagyaänim Badwa I INaku Atah MensahYiadon (Destooled' Inin Badwa II (Present Chief)

ClassificationInformantsRecorded by:DateSubjectIAS ace. no. AS 78Nana Achampong Akwasi IV Obaapanin Akua Afriyie Gyasehene KwadwoDonkorJ. Agyemen-Duah16th September, 1963 ANYINASE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies University of Ghana LegonSeptember, 1963

The Anyinase Stool forms a component part of theOyoko division of the King. The 0yoko division of the King is classified underthree heads, namely 0yoko Abohyen, Oyoko Atutue, and Oyoko Bramang. Eachof these groups is independent. The Oyokohene is the accredited head clan chief,appointed by the King. Traditionally the Oyoko division, which is classified intothree sub-divisions with their independent senior brother chiefs, constitute theOyoko Duo of the King. The Oyoko Clan, of course, is the royal clan ofthenation, but with different classifications.The Anyinasw Stool is one of matrilineal descent andbelongs to the Oyoko Abohyen group. The Oyokoduo, or the Oyoko Clan of theKing is classified as follows:A. Gyoko Abohyen1. Oyokohene of Kumasi2. Kenyasehene3. Mampontenhene4. AnyinaseheneB. Oyoko Atutue5. Atutuehene6. Ahenkrohene7. Awiemhene8. PampasoheneC. Oyoko BramanMg9. Oyoko Bremanhene10. EseresoheneTraditionally the stool name of Anyinase Stool is

Adjei and Achampung Alwasi Stool. The Anyinasehene owes direct allegiance tothe Golden Stool of Ashanti and swears to the Asantehene with the MpomponsuoSword which is the principal sword of the King and used by the heads of thecomponent states of the Ashanti Union and ather senior chiefs in swearingallegiance to the King of Ashanti.The ancestress of this stool is said to have been Nana Ebena Baa Paniv who issaid to have come down from the sky through a silver chain (Atwiaban)withother members of the Oyoko Clan and have settled at a place called AkimAsiakwa, an area inthe present Soutbiern Ghana. This ancestress is said to have landed

-2-at the spot in question with her own ancestral stool. But this varietyof the 0yokoroyal group of the would-be Ashanti nation, it is said, refused to settle at thisfocus point of reference after their descendancy from the sky andthus broughtabout the naming of the area as Akim Asiakwa, which means a descending placeof reference.This ancestress, Ebena Baa Panin, it is said, on setting foot on the soil of AkimAsiakwa, refused to settle in this area presumably for geographicaland climaticreasons, and simply migrated to Kokofu, which is the ancient town ofthe Oyokopeople.BaaIt is said that at Kokofu, Nana Eben4/Panin and herdescendants were somewhat troublesome and fond of quarrerlling with othermembers of the community. So the members of the neighbouring community, it issaid, questioned Ebena Baa Panin and her descendants '"Why are you sotroublesome and quarrelsome, unlike others? Have y~u got palm nuts in your eyeswhich make you such an adamant and troublesome group?" So Nana Ebena BaaPanin and her descendants were compelled to move to another spot. Soupon theirshifting to the new area, the place became known as Kokofu Adweso which is atpresent a village of about one mile from Kokofu. In Ashanti "Adwe" means Palmnut. Thus this wild group of the Oyoko Clan became residents of KokofuAdweso, a village of about 20 miles from Kumasi on the Kokofu Kuntenase road.Nana Ebena Baa Panin, it is said, died at Kokofu Adweso, and was succeeded onthe stool by Nana Ago, her sister.It is said that it was in the reign of Nana Ago that these Adweso people onceagain migrated with Nana Oti Akenten, a Kokofu man, and one of the early rulersof Ashanti to Kumasi, when Kumasi, of course, was known as Kwamang. NanaAgo followed Nana Oti Akenten with a largq retinue.Nana Ago and her descendants, it is said, upon arrival at Kumasi/Kwamag, settledunder a big Onyina tree and they were thus nick-named " Anyinasefo4", or thesettlers under the Onyina tree. The spot in question was just near the present PostOffice ce Kumasi. It was just in this century that Nana Osei Kuntour, a brother ofNana Ago, was made to rule the male section of the community around the

neighbourhood of the Onyina tree. He was thus proclaimed the firstchief of theAnyinase community.Nana Osei Kuntour was succeeded on the stool by Nana Agyei Akwasiin thereign of Nana Obiri Yeboah. This chief, it issaid, went to the Dormaa War which was fought at Suntresu, in which King ObiriYebouh was defeated by the Dormas.

-3-Nana Agyei was succeeded on the stool by Nana Lchampong AIwasi inthe reignof Asantehene Nana Osei Tutu. Nana Achampong Akwasi went to the DormaaWar, fought in the reign of King Osei Tutu, in which the Dormas were totallydefeated at Abesim. Dorma Kusi, the commander-in-chief of the Dormaa InfantryArmy was captured and decapitated by the Ashantis.Nana Achampong Iakasi went to the Fehyiase !ar in which Ntim Gyakari, theDenkyirahene, was captured and beheadod by the Ashanti s. Nana AchampongAkwasi also went to the 4kim 'iar which was fought in the reign of King OseiTutu.Nana Achampong Akwasi was also on the stool in the reign of Asantehene NanaOpoku Vare. He went to the Takyinana War, fought in the reign of King OpokuWare in which Takyimanhene Ameyaw was defeated and decapitatedby theAshantis.Nana Achampong Akwasi went to the Gyaman War, fought in the reign of thissame King Opoku Ware, when Abo Kofi, the Gyamanhene was defeated andbeheaded by the Ashantis.Nana Achampong Akvjsi also went to the Akim War inwhich Abirimoro, the King of Sewi, invaded Kumasi and other towns anddestroyed other valuable property whilst the King was at thebattlefield.Nana Achampong Akwasi, it is also said, was on the stool in the reign ofAsantehene Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting King who fought in the broaddaylight. This chief, it is said, went to the Banda War in which Worasa Banda, thechief, was defeated by the Ashantis after a fierce fighting. Nana AchampongAkwasi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Poku, his nephew, in thereign ofAsantehene, Nana Osei K-ame. He was also on the on the stool in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Bonsu Panyin. He was succeeded on the stool by hisbrother,Asibey Damfo", in the reign of the same King Nana Bonsu, Alias Osei TutuKwame, and went to the Fanti War with theKing in which the King for the first time in the annals of A.shanti Historydidplace the state sword in the sea as a sign of viotory over the Fantes. Thus he wonfor himself the traditional appellation "Bonsu", which means "Destroyer of theSea".This chief, who, it is said, was very wild and was named "Damfo,", went to theGyarzan War in which Adinkra Kofi, the Gyaman chief, was defeated anddecapitated by the Ashantis.

-4-Nana Asibey Damfo- was succeeded on the stool by Nana Gyebi in-e reign ofAsantehene Nana Osei Yaw Akoto. Nana Gyebi, it is said, was a brother of NanaAsibey Damfo . He went tD the Akatamansu War and returned home unscathedafter a fierce and bloody battle.Nana Gyebi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Aninkora Panin in the reign ofNana Fredua Agyeman, the )oast pugnacious King of the Ashanti Kings. ThisKing, it is said, was a man of peace.Nana Aninkora was succeeded on the stool by Nana Atta Appiagyei inthe reignof Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari. He went to all the Karikari Wars fought in hisreign.Nana Atta Appiagyei, it is said, was also on the stool in the reign of AsanteheneNana Mensah Bonsu. He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Poku Agyeman inthe first part of the reign of King Prempeh I.Nana Poku Agyeman was succeeded on the stool byYaw Barimah, a royal of the stool in the first part of the reign of the same KingPremeh I. He abdicated upon the arrest of King Prempehby the British imperialists, and took a permanent place of abode at Dormaa, oneof the principal tovns in the present Brong/Lhafo region. This ex-chief, it is said,died at Dormaa, but the corpse was conveyed back home.The stool, it is said, became vacant during the Yaa Asantewea War of 1900.Nana Poku Agyeman was thus succeeded on the stool byNana Nnuako, a descendant of the stool whilst King Prempeh I was inexile in theSeychelles Island. Nana Nnuako, it is said, was on the stool after the repatriationof King Prempeh I in 1924.Nana Nnuako was succeeded on the stool by Nana Achampong AkwasiKumah inthe second part of the reign of King Prempeh I. Nana Achampong Akwasi Kumahwas a true royal of the stool. He was succeeded on the stool by Nana Agyeman inthe reign of the present monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. Nana Agyemanwas a brother of Nana Achampong Akwasi, and was destooled as a result ofincapacitation and total blindness.Nana Agyeman was succeeded on the stool by Nana Nnuako II, alias Nana Bandoin the reign of this present monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman PrempehII. He was a trueroyal of the stool and died on the stool.

-5-Nana Nnuako II, alias Nana Bando, was succeeded on thestool by Nana Achampong Akkasi II, alias Nana Adwere, in the reignof thispresent King, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He was a true royal ofthe stool, anddied on the stool.Nana Achampong Akwasi III, was succeeded on the stool by NanaOsei Asibey IIin the reign of this present Monarch. He was destooled for mal-administration. Heis at present detained under the Preventive Detention Act of the GhanaGovernment.

Nana Osei Asibey II has been succeeded on the stool by Nana AchampongAkwasi IV, the present chief.of oldNote: Nana Achampong Akasi/ it is said, fought vigorously duringthe Gyaman --jar and captured some native drums called Mmento,which can be found at the King's courtyard today.

CHIEFS OF THE ANYINLSE STOOL1st2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th12th 13th l4th 15th 16thChiefChief Chief Chief Chief ChiefChief ChiefChief ChiefChief Chief ChiefChief ChiefChief17th Chief 18th ChiefNana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana NanaOsei Kuntow Agyei Akwasi Achampong Akwasi PokuAsibey Damfo: GyebiAninkora PaninNana Atta AppiagyeiNana Poku Agyeman ; Nana Yaw BarimahNana Poku AgyemanNana NnuakoNana Achampong Akwasi KumahNana Agyeman (Destooled)Nana Nnuako II, alias Nana Bando : Nana Achampong Akwasi III, aliasNana AdeveneNana Osei Asibey II (Destooled anddetained now under Preventive Detention Act)Nana Achampong Akwasi IV (The Present Chief)

IAS acco no- AS 79Nana Boakye Dankva Mamponghene Opanin Kwaku Fokuo,J. Agye man-Dual.Recorded b~Dateii. AsokoreAbontendomhene2nd June, 1963Sub jeot

ASOKORE M.XMPONG STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.September, 1963.InformantsClassification.-

The ocoapanz of -this o- ocl belo:.gz to the Nifa Division -of tho King, Heo,.sdGot ±c:. tothe Golder. Stoo. a nd. -o -s-h .fs - -.h.hMponpcnsao Sword, Unli ,-i:hc di.ivisional chief- oi 'he King, he isthe onlycLi_-: 'ht Non i":u-;Aos " T,.Kk. Division of the King :o f":-. -,7 th_-7in- s starico:-.s cerned, He is the only ..=' of t-i-ivJ w..It is saie. that in the ver., o. .y,,-.occupant of this stool was the Nifaher., of Ku.. .Cx to the incorporation ofAshant. ito a no;-.o by KI.b 0sei Txu. it so happened that whn thb ALa.Kbsz'u. properly constituted under the hegernony ,f tof f'.z'stAsanteh3n3, NanaOs.i Tufu, as they were about to wag..'. war against the lDenkyViras, +he .ar.ponhene was appc-.ntod. oommanae.-in-chief of t,., Ashantbi Teritoria1 Ix :rP= :r to this war, the Milamoonghano, it is learned, ;723 an independent King azda vary powerful ralero, Mlampo:ng-hene at that time was Napa BoaheneAnantuo. Tradition has it that it took Okomfo Anokje, the spiritual adviser andconfidant of Xing Osei Tutu some time before he could work miraclesfor thepersuasion of t1hc Manponghene to join this innovation of the Ashanti nation.The Mamponghene at long last became the commandor-in-chief of the nation.Although the ,aponghene is an impoitazat factor of the King's militaryorganisation and one of i& strong pillars, so far as th3 nation is conceroid, but theMamponghene is regarded in high traditional zircles at the King's oourtyard as anenemy of the Kir. and his escorted whenever he calli at '!he Palaceforconsultation, Consequently, the 1mbponghene cannot call at the King s Palacewithout permission or passing through a linguistwho is the occupant of Akankade linguist stool, though he is the nextseniorParamount chief of the Asantehene, who runs second in command to theAsantehene so far as the nation is concerned.'_fPter the Denkylra, War; In T-ih.-12 NtinmGyakari was defeated, the Maponghenev Nara Boaheno a ntuo, it is said, was .hotin the stomach by a bullet, as predicted by the o'acle, but tlds prediction was notrtuida known to him I,y Okomfo Anokye, the spiritual adviser arL confidant ofs:.ing Osei Tutu. The Idamponghene, Nana Boahene Anant:jo was, however,carried in a palanquin, and proceeded, majestically hcme when, however, thenews of his b.allet wound could no longer be concealed.

On ar:. a.a Juab aii Kyin,- so -he official amnou:2cerLn-1 was M-n c ,ha', tW .one , no h,. (1parted to '.ha villaj - ix.. idoa-t t.oo'- pLaoc on a 1hurs ..ay. 2.c on se :1- - 1z-;- z " A 1 01i if~ arp 0..,. soc0 7the - -c:-hon'; Yavna&,' , -ioh msoms "Sorr --.ul Ti.u-Kr ',

Aa. a r 1.-t of' t'hi- -.pisci9e., Thuraey -,s ~n~ec. a bad ' fc'the ,amponighon andthe occupaul; of ve Aman'z-: z' S~oo7 (Silver Stool of Mampong)is forbi.don by%u tc ako pa..t i-i ' y function, either cctmoni.. c,.- ordinary o _; this particular day. The Maii.qone.. hene Ec¢..s no' evensit i:. stats on this day, but just staysAs a symbol of appreciation for the gallantry displiyed b " the iaoonghene in theDenkyira War, King Osei Tat;: . :- is said, tonf'irmae the title of Nifahene of the n,Ain on !-;amponghene. That is the head of Ntim Gyakav*. tho Denkyirahenc..wias 1mpt in Kumasi by the Asanteheneo, thus signifying that he wasthe Head ofthe nation the legs kept by the Mamponghene at Mampong,thus m"'f .-.g him his vice? King in his command. So Ashanti traditLion has it thattho. Asar:aohene holds the head of the n% ia and the 24aponghene holds the feetof the nation. So in case of any political statement or a general statement affectingthe nation as a whole, the Asanteh'o cannot exercise his veto in the absence ofthe Asnpaocghene. Thus tradition has it that the head cannot walk without thelegs.So when the la-ponghene was appointed the Nifahen of the nation, the title ofNifahene of Kumasi became i:,bsidised and a bit unmaterialistic. Sothe occupa.-r.f' thc. stool in ques--ion became powerless in a limited sense, and had thereforebecome a sub-Nifahene t-o Kuma.f S.'>:ato. Although the AsokoreMamponghene is still :,coga--'sed as Nifahene of Kumasi, but notin very higheste3m in that he is no-c allowed by the King to share ecualy with the HeadClanChiefs or Divisional Chiefs cz the :'ing:s court, in case there is any state income, I.2j this ithouG reservation and mincing of words -Tha i. Asokore M.mponghenecomes categorically at thisi onni. into the status of the Akyeame or Linguists of -he King,The Asokore-Eampong Stool is a stool of matril. 1:;al ,Dscent and belongs to theEkuona Abusua or elassif.oav . systm.i of Ekaaca-,

It is said that the ancestor of this stool wascalled Hana Poti Akomiah from Kokofu Mmensianase with his ancestral stool,following Nana Oti Akenten, the Xokofu man whose father .ras an Zkuona byextractioh and ..nose mthe: was Qyoko by extraction. Nana Otl Akenten was oneof the famous rulers in Kumasi in the pre -hstoric imes hero) because there wasno hc.d of the Ashanti nation at this period. The Ashanti nation was at this phintin decadence.Poti k,'omiah -as siucceeded on the stool by Nana Gyapong Kodie in the rei:;r ofKing Obiri Yeboah who was another powerful ruler of the Kunasi Stateand, ofcourse, an 0yoke man in the maternal sense. King Obiri Yeboah was a-grand-uncle o- 1sing Osei Tutu, tlhe foundaer of the nation.Nana Gyapong Kodie was succeeded on the stool by Nana Anane Adjei(Bonsofo) in the reigh of this same ruler, biri Y ebgah, and went to the DormaWar, fought at Suntresu in w ich Obiri Yeboah was killed by the Dormas,Nana Anane Adjei (Bonsofo) was succeeded on the stool by Nana BoakyeDankwa, a nepheW md royal of the stool. He was the son of Nana Dokuwah, asister of the three foregoing brothers of the stool, namely Narm PotiAkomiah,

Nana, Gyapo g Kodie, and Nana Anane Adjei. Nana Boakye DankWah wbs onthe stool in. the reign of King Osei Tutu. He went to the Dorma War, fought in thereign of King Osei Tutu, in which Dorma Kusi, the 3ommader-in-chief oftheDorma Infantry ArnV was captured and decapitated. This war wasfought atAbesim. He also went to the Denkyira War in which Ntim Gyakari, theDenkyirahene was defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis.It is said that it was at this tium of theestablished convention of the nation that Boakye Nkum, brother of N aria BoakyeDankwia broke off with him as a result of family dispute, and took hisway withsome members of the.--family to the present area of Asokore Kessie. In the ain,the desendants of Nana Boakye lMWum are the occupants of the Asokore stool inthe Sekyere area. The occupant of this stool is a paramount chief of olddistinction, and a member of the Ashanti Region house of chiefs.

~' h.I .Bo2~kyO Dazuik;ait is said, was sace-.cdod by Nana Beniako A jisare, hisbrotheo" in th? r of As:! jr.no Opoku Ware. He went to the Takyiman War inwhich Kw-4, , Ameyaw was defeated sid decapitat..0 by Vaie Asbant' s. Zc- alsowent to the Gyaman 1.ar in which Abo Kofi was totally 6afeated and beheaded bythe Ashantis after a fierce fighting. He also went to the Akim war against OfosuApent-ng the Okyenhene in which the king took to the battlefield himself and wasat the battlefield when the Sefti Chief besieged Kumsi, and the terrible newsreached the King whilst at the battlefield that the notorious kind of Sefwis haodinvaded Kumasi and other towns, destroying and killing many royals.Nana Beniako Amisare was succeeded on tbe stool by Nam Kwame Kusi:abrot1v of Nana Baniako Amisare in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, thegreat fighting King who fought in the broad day light. This Chief, itis said, wentto the Banda War in which Worasa, the Banda chief was defeated: anddecapitated. This war is said to have been one of the bitterest..Nana Kwame Kusi was succeeded on the stool by Nam Osei Funoma,nephew ofNana Kwame Kusi in the reign of Asantohene Nanea Osei Kwame. He was alsoon the stool in the reign of Asantehene Nana Bonsu Panyin, alias Nana 0sei TutuKvwameo N aza Bonsu Panyin, it is said, was the first Asantehono to place theState Sword as a symbolical means of expression after defeating the Fantis atAnomabu into the sea, and thus claimed for himself the traditional title, "TheDestroyer of the Sea". He also went to the Dorma War fought in the reign of thissame powerful ruler, Nana Bonsu Panyin, in w-hich the Gyaman ChiefAdinkrawas totally defeated and &ocap..".,;d by the Ashantis. His head was sent toKumasi, The cause for this war was that AdInkra Kofi had made himself -a goldstool similar to that in Kumasi and as he was a tributary King to Osei Bonsu, itwas considered an act of insubordination in his position as such. King Osei Bonsusent his renovhned linguist, Butuakwa, for the justificable demand of this stool.Adinkra, hovever, quietly:complied with the King's derand and gave up the stoolwhich was to be sent to Kumasi. He was at a later date rebuked by his wife forgiving up the stool, thus reproaching himself for cowardice. His wifedenounced

him, because he preferred a man of courage to a coiard. Adinkra, however,regretting his cowardice, tried to cansolidate hisefforts to retrieve the stool. He sent to the King mossages of insolence and

th-s initiated the Adinkra War in which he wias beat,n and decapitatedby theAshantis.Nan Osci. 77unoma was sucecl' , : >h. :c.. by Nana Bediako in tho reign c?Nanoa Osei Yaw Akoto. He went to the Akatamansu War wvhich wras , i s:J.,on= of the deadliest of wars that was ever fought by tho Ashantis. He was also onthe stool in the .'-e;gn of Nanm Freadua Agyaman., alias Nane Kwaku Duah i.Nana Bediako was succeeded on the stool by Nana Oduro in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Kofi Karikae:i, He was also on tho stoo3 in the reignof,Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu., Oduro. it is said, went to t1c Nkoranza VWarwhich was fought in the first part of the reign of King Prompeh I. -Heabdicatedas a result of King Prempeh's arrest by the British in 11896, The stool becamevacant for a period of about 10 years when the'King mas taken into -exile.Nana Yaw Gyebi was enstooled after the YaaAsantewa War. At that time the King Was still in exile and he took the oath ofallegiance before the members of the Kuia.i Apam Council of Chiefs. This sort ofadministra#ion is known in traditional history of Ashanti as CaptainFuller" sadministration. This 'ifian was: of course a roy l. of this stool, unlike others soappointed on thevariouis stools as a reprisal of imperialist- tactics after the Yaa Asantewa War of1900 by the British imperialists.Nana Yaw Gyebi was succeeded on the stool by Osei Akwasi. King Prempeh I: iti7s said, camp to meet him on the stool after his repatriation in 1 924. Hetook, ata later date, the oath of allegiance to the King. H e abdicated during the later partof his reign, Nana OseiAkwasi was succeeded by Kwam3 Ovusu ).n the reign of this presentKing SirOsei Agyeman Prempeh II, He was destooled for mal-administration. He was,of course, a royal f the stool. Nana Kwame Qwusu, was succeededby NanaBoakye i-. the reign of this present reigning King, Sir Osei A&ennn Prempeh II.H i was :-uoooera ftc_ lingabout 9- years during the hectic 6ays of the National Liberation Movemunt,.Nana Boakyo Ababio i,,,as succeeded by Nana Kwa!a Boaten, hisne;phew, Hoc,.s de stocled after 2 years' reign. Nana Boakye A .abio,5 nowNz.n- 3o-,.yDemkwa II was. reinstated afte2 Ghana's Inaepeneionco: He is the Present Chiefof the Stool,.

CHIEn C il ASOKOII S ~rje-ri1, -1- CIii. 2ril Ta'_ef--0. - Chief !-.---.h Chiofrith ci-lief 6th Chief 7Uh Chief 8--h Ghief 9th Chiefi Oth Gh:ýe£ I I th Chief 1 Qth Chief .1 3th- Chief I 4t11 Chìef 1 5th ChiefNana G5ra3,-----igImano _Ad-!,)-!.

D-oak-re iJuP7.cu-,*, Nar:,. Benìpko AmLs7,-,, Nà---ýý ':-,-rime Kusi D,é-ý,naOsei Funoma Nnna Bedi-ako Nane. OduroGýv qbiOse-- Akwasi (Abdicated) L-Tame, Owusu (Abdica,.eay Boaxye Ababuo(DLs'ýcolcà) lw:iku Boateng (D,-,ý-tooled) Boakye Ababio., nowBoalye

Cla.-sif ic ation: Informant DatE :i2 aco. no, I-3. 80 Nana Kwabena Asare J. Agyem.an--Duah 2nd June, 1 963Subet .AKUiANTEN STOOL HISTORYInstitute; of African L'cleO, University of Ghana, Legon.September, 1.963

The Akumntehene belongs to *he Kyidom Gian of the King. He owes directa.llegiance to the Golden oo and swears to the Asantehene With the MpomponsuSword.. The Al.kumanten Stool is a stool of both matrilincal and patrilinealdescent. .1The ancestor of tlis stool is said to have been Tonton Diawao from - a, J'hischief is said to havebe: . an Obirampong at Denkly.ira; in the reign of Denkyirahene Nana Boa inonsem. It is said that in the reign of this Denkrira 1ing. tiis cJef.-iawuo feltindignant about the administration stors an.d consequently left Dnkyl5ra unce rricri:Lc-',r ._ a very large retinue as we-L _ sm Eduaa , _e.. 'also too]: withhim hisa-cestra. s-uool to Kisni° it is slid that at the time of this .rst exodus * :Vi]e oLan,or NAbusua to hich 2Ls an e s t o.r belori *oJ. ' r;s .e .Ekana. These emigrants, itis said, first ca..eft at .Adawmakaase, a village approximately 1 2 miles fio Kv. -on the Kumtasi-,ampong road., From Adviumakaase the-y r-ig cate.d to Sepebecause t.ey had bomare hemmed in at that village and at the same tilT wanted toget^ nearer to the Asantchnne uhom they thought was the most suitablo ov.c.lord.Sepe is at present one of the i-cestral viilageo a..... ched to this -stool in question,It is about three s ies C'mm the seat'of Kumasi, and. on .the Ku.i.1si Air Port road,It is said that this exodus headed by ChiefTonton Diawuo took place just before the -proclaimation of King 0sei Tutu as the.first Asantehene of the nation, This chief, it is said, called on theKing forincorporation into t!e new unit anxi the King, it is said, received him withop:enarms, It is said-that whilst at Denkyira, t. title of Akumntehene was inuse and wasno innovation in the new Ashanti kingdom. T-he Lkumnteiine,- it: is said, vras inthe old days responsible for the safe:-keE ping of the king's axe, because he imasresponsible f or the felling of trees mn1 also t]:e supervision of the sale of trees tobe used for the building of royal houses, harems etc. The Akarnxtehene is thehea. of the traditional Sawysr of the king, In Ashanti " Akurn.? " means "axe". -"Akumantehene" is the literal translatin for "The Chief oftheAxe,. Thus Aku antehene is t. -chief Sawyer of the King.

..Chief Tonto Diaitouo, it is sai.d, went to the Dorma_War 4nich was fc5Wh in the reign of King Ose i Tutu, Dornm XUsi, thecommaner-in-chief of the Dorma, Arny was dereated 9and. beheaded' at Abesim..

TQnto Diawua ;l so-went to the Denkcy-ira war w:ch was fou,4ht in e-. z ei n of0-pisuo (King 0sei Tutu) in which 'Tti m Qyakari. - he. Denkyirahene-as totally.ef eat and decapitated at £ ehf-7ase.Chief Tonto Diawua was succeeded on the stool b7" Sabin -..men, his nephew inthe reign of Asan'jehene C-)o'V-are. 5abin Aseman %,rat a, son o'Nana ObiriYeboah. This chief, i is said., iwTent to the Takyiran War in which AieyawKwakye, the 1akinashene was captured and defeated by the --.antis.This war wasfought in the reigi of kata3Ai, King Opoku -":are. It will be recalled, however,that Ameya. Xwakye and his sist-er. Dwamarwa, -the hene an2 Tayimaenaa wereplaced in chains. The entire treasury of tle kingclo m o1 akyima was taken byThe Ashantis, whose pol.wer. became greatly increased by this victory,,.Dwamaraw, -,..e Queen !!other of Takyim.n who once boasted of-her riches anddesired to know what poverty means, was taken a war prisoner by theAshantisand -;.as forced to sweep th marke place ad the dirtiest parts of Kumasi, thuslearning her lesson.This chief, Eabin iseman, also went tohe #i man oar 4iich was fought inthe reignof Opoku Ware in which Abo Kofi, the Gyahan Chief, was defeated anddecapitated by the Ashantis. He also went to the Akyem War in which the KingOpoku .Tare took to the battlefield himself. Kuiaasi was besieged by Airimuo, theSefwi chief, ihilst the king was at the battlefield. It is said that thecityr of Kumasiwas looted and ranisacked by this notorious chief of Sefwi.Nana Sabin Asew-n was scceeded on the stool by prince Atta Poku, a son ofAsantehene Osei Kwadwo, the great fijating kinbg who fought in thebroaddaylightG. -t is said that when King Osei Kwadwo was on the verge of invadingBanda, the oracle ras called upon to give advice as to The pros and cons of, Tiswar. The king was informed by the oracle that although it was a taboo for theAsantehene to give birth to identical twins, under these exceptionalcircumstances, however, the king was told hiot to have the said twins killed ortampered vith when thu. were brought forth Ky Lenm enten, his wife, whoseancestors or progenitors are said to have been of the Eduana peoplewhoaccompanied chief Tonton Diawuo, the ancestor of this stool from Denkyira toSepe or Kumasi. According to custom, twins at at tims considere d ashaemophrodites in AshantV. royal houses, but these particular tins wereconsidered sacrosanct and to be of pood luck when welcomed at 'die king's houseor harem These

- 3twins, namely Atta Poku (male) and Attah Kusi (female) were undoubtedly begotas predicted by the oracle. Thus king Osei Kwadwo was victorious in the BandaWar which was considered one of the bloodiest. The twins were thereforeconsidered of good luck to the king.

It is said that Sabin Asamen who wao stil. m occupant of this stool duringtheBanda War in which Worase, the Banda chief was captured and beheaded by theAshantis, also took to the battlefield. It is f'urthori 3aid that at the tine of theinvasion, Benma Akenten, the ki.gls wife was pregnant.Sabin Asamen was succeeded on the stool by pri:c9 Atta Poku, a son ofAsantehene Osei Kwadwo-in the reign . f Asantehene 'sei Kwame. The stool thenfor the first time went to a different clan or Abusua since Atta Poku wasconsidered the most popular by the kingmakers in that there was no ripe royal forthe stool. "The Ekuana people, attached to this particular stool, of course,accompanied Tonto Diavuo, the ancestor of the stool to Kumasi. AttaPoku, it issaid, was still on the stool in the reign of Bonsu Panyin. He went to tI Fanti Warin the reign of Nana Osei Asibey Bonsu, alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame w-hobecame popularly knovin as Nana Osei Bonsu Panyin for being the firstAsantehene to place the state sword into the sea at Anomabu after ihe invasion ofFantiland, thus claiming the traditional title of "Destroyer of the Sea".tNana Atta Poku was succeeded on the stool by one Kwateng from the Agonafamily or Abusua which is the family of Tonton Diawuo, t1B ancestor.f thisstool. Thus Kwateng is said to be a matrilineal descent of this stool. Kwiateng, itis said, was also on the stool in the reign of King Osei Bonsu. He saw activeservice of the Gyaman War in which Adinkra Kofi, the Gyaman chief, was beatenaid killed by the Ashantis.It is said that Adinkra Kofi, the king of Gyaman, had made a golden stool, similarto the one in Kumasi, and as he was a tributary king to Osei Bonsu, it wascon8±dBI'e a sign of insubordination. King Osei Bonsu coamissioned hisrenowned linguist, Butuakwa, to go to Bontuku to claim the stool f orhim.Adinkra quietly complied with the king's demand amd sent the stool toKumasi.It is said that one of Adinkra's wives was displeased with Adinkra'scowardice ingiving up this gold. She re buked the king ani preferred a man of courage to sucha poltroon. Adinkra, finding it too late to recall the stool, tried to right himself bysending insolent

- 4messages to the Kii are maltreated the Ashanti rcs_-dcnt, in Bonvuku.In spite ofrepeated, warnings from 4da king of Ashanr i, Adinkra continuedwith hisatrocious U-odd until war bro k, out.Kwateng was succeeded on the soo 'by'KwalrAsanto in the reinq.of Asuntchene Osei Yaw Aketo. Kwaeng, it is said, went tothe Akatamansu W ar and retArned hor: unscathed. (He died at a later date ofringworm), He was of Agona extraction.Kwame Asante was succeeded on the s-o0'7. by Kwame Asane in the reign ofAsantehene Fredua Agyeii~n, alias 1waku Duah I. Kwame Asare wasa prince ofG-. Golden Stool and was of the Eduana extraction, and a-, such was of apatrilineal descent of -ie stool.Kwame Asaro was succeeded on'the stool byKofi Asamoah of Agna extraction and a matrilineal descent of the stool. He diedon the battlefield during the Civil War which broke out in Ashanti in connection

with t1h differences of opinion which existed amongst the chiefs andpeople aboutthe enstoolmant of king Prempeh I as Asantehene.Kofi Asamoah was succeeded on the stool- bY. Kwadwo Asare, a mtrilinealdescent and also of the Agona Abusua or family in' the reign of the first.part ofKing Prenpeh I. It is said that he took to his heels during the Yaa Asantewa 7.iarof 1900. He took a permanent abode at Oguaa (Cape Coast).Kwadwo Asare was thus succeeded by AsamoahKwadwo thilst the -king was in exile. He' was enstoolbd by the Britishimperialists after the Yaa Asantewa War of 1 900' when marshal lawwasproclaime d at Kumasi. Asamoah Kwadwo it is said, was a grandsonof theGolden Stool. He was reinstated by Kwadwo Asare, mho had then returned fromhis solitary confinement from Oguaa (Cape Coast). It is said that King Prenpeh Icame to meet him on the stool after his repatriation from Seychelles Island in1924. Asare, it is said, died on the stool in the regi -' thi, present monarch, SirOsei Agyeman Prempeh II.

-5 -CHE"-OF ATKTjIU~LiYE1 S-OLi st, C11"of2nd. 3rc 4th.-5th.6th. 7th. 8th. 9th. I10th. I1Ithl.I.ItTonto Drawuo Sabin Ase men: Prince Atta FokuKwatengKwarm Asante : Kwazme AsareKofi Asamoab.Kvwa-ku AsareAsamoah Kwadwo,Kwvadwo Asare (i"Reinstated)Kwabena Asare (The presentChief).

Classification InformantsRecorded byDate Sb ec tIAS acc° no. AS 81Nana Kwasi Adai Ababio Nsenie Abontendomhene Kwadwo NkyidwoOpanin Yaw Adjei Dwubo fohene of AsanteheneJ. Agyeman-Duah 4th July, 1963 NSENIE STOOL HISTCRYInstitute of African Studies University of Ghana LegonSeptember, 1963

Nseiehene belbngs to the Gyase division of the king. He owes direct allegiance tothe Golden Stool of Ashanti and swears to the Asantehene with the MpomponsuSword. The Nsenie stool is a stool of both matrilineal and patrilineal descent. Theoriginal Abusua or classificatory system to which the stool belongs, is Ekuona.The Nseniehene, nevertheless, belongs to the Gyase division of the king, andcomes under the category of the Gyasehene, but has direct access tothe king. Hecan go to see the king for a parley at the palace without passing through theGyasehene. The Nseniehene, it is said, mtstalways be present whenever the kingsits in state because he serves as the king's court crier. He is, I am told, the seniorsuperintendent of he king, and gives an alarm by shouting "Tew" (silenee)whenever there is a state session. The Nseniehene's duty, of course, is to giveaudiences when the king is addressing the state council.The Nseniehene of the king, it is said, hasone thousand official retinues who serve as his subordinates, the latter precede theNseniehene with their official court criers that is, in case there is a stateprocession or function, e.g., Akwa4edai.; , Durbar, etc. It is said that each of thesecourt criers has his own official hat which is a symbol of gold monkey skin. Thesecourt criers, I am told, also serve as official bearers of the king. In case theAsantehene wants to send some one on an official errand, he usually asks theNseniehene for a suitable court crier who is then-appointed by the Nseniehene. Itis said that in olden days, the court criers served as official war messengers. Theywere sent abroad by the king to the enemy whom the king had thought ofinvading, or

- 2waging war upon, and they were at times killed or deformed by the enemy whichis sufficient evidence of the enemy's intention to retaliate. The Nsdniehene, it issaid, has the same trappings of any Obirempong chief of the king.The Nsenie stool is said to have been created by Yana Oti Akenten, oneof theearly Ashanti rulers. The first chief of this stool is said to have been Kra Kessie,n6 Boako. He was succeeded on the stool by his brother, Anaafe, inthe reign ofNana Obiri Yeboah.Nana Anaafe, it is said, was succeeded by Bosumpim in the reign of thissamekring, Nana Obiri Yeboah. This chief, it is said, went to the Dorma War, fought atSuntresu, where we have the present Estate buildings in which the king, ObiriYeboah, was killedby the Dorma people.Chief Bosumpim was succeeded on the stool in the reign of Asantehene king OseiTutu by his newphew, Kwadwo Ampan. This chief, it is said, went to the DormaWar in which Dorma Kusi, the commander-in-chief of the Dorma Army, wasdefeated and decapitated at Abesim. The Dorma chief and his people, it is said,took to their heels and deserted the place of their original abode. This chief alsowent to the Denkyira War in which Ntim Gyakari, the Denkyirahene was totallydefeated by the

Ashantis at Fehyiase.Chief Kadwo Ampan, it is said, was on thestool in the reign of Asantehene Opoku Ware. This chief, it is said, went to theTakyiman War, in which Ameyaw Kwakye, the Takyiman chief was defeatedcaptured and decapitated by the Ashantis. It is said that it was in this warthat thewhole of Takyiman's treasury was taken by the Ashantis. This chief also went tothe Gyaman War in which also Abo Kofi was defeated and captured by theAshantis. He also went to the Akim War in which the sad news of Abirimoro,King of Sefwi, reached King Opoku Ware whilst he was at the battlefield,thatAbirimoro had invaded Kumasi and other towns around Kumasi and capturedsome of the Ashanti royals.This chief, Kwadwo Ampan, it is said, reigned for a long time. He wason thestool in the reign of Asantehene, Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king whofought in the broad daylight.

-3-Chief Kwadwo Ampan was succeeded on the stoolby Kwadwo Appiagyei who was a son of the stool in the reign of AsanteheneOsei Kwadwo. It is said that at this time there was no ripe descendant for the stoolso it was decided by the king that since Kwadwo Ampan proved himself a bravechief whilst on the stool, his elder son be appointed to succeed him. KwadwoAppiegyei, it is said, was thus appointed to succeed him. This chief, itis said,reigned for a considerable length of time. He was over lO years before he met hisdeath. He went to the Fanti War, fouht in the reign of Asantehene, Nana BonsuPanyin, alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame, where the king won the traditional title"Bonsu" meaning "The Destroyer of the Sea". He also went to the Gyaman War inwhich Adinkra, the Gyaman chief was killed by the Ashantis.This chief was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Krow a paternal grandson of thestool in the reign of Asantehene Osei Yaw Akoto. This chief, it is said, went tothe Akatamanzu War and returned home unscathed. He was on the stool in thereign of Asantehene Nana Fredua Agyeman, alias Nana Kwaku Duah I, the leastpugnacious of the Ashanti king s.Chief Yaw Krow was succeeded on the stool by Kwasi Adai, a true descendant ofthe stool in the reign of Asantehene Kofi Karikari.Chief Kwasi Adai was succeeded on the stool by Kwadwo Nyame, a truedescendant of the stool in the reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu. He wasdestooled for mal-administration. Kwadwo Nyame, it is said, was on the stool inthe first part of the reign of King Prempeh I, alias Nana Agyeman-Duah. KwadwoNyame was succeeded by Appiagyei II. He was captured by the British during theYaa Asantewa War of 1900oAppiagyei II was succeeded by Yaa Kramo after the Yaa Asantewa War of 1900.This appointment was by the Crown. He was at a later date destooledby hissubjects for mal-administration.Yaw Kramo was succeeded by Kwaku Addai, a paternal grandson ofthe stoolwhilst King Prempeh I was still in e~ile. H e was destooled° Kwaku Addai was

succeeded by Kwakdwo Kunadu, a paternal grandson of the stoolwhilst KingPrempeh I was still in exile. He was also destooled for mal-administration.

Kwadwo Kunadu was succeeded by Seniagyei,another paternal grandson of the stool who is described in high traditional circlesas notorious Seniagya. It will, however, be recalled that Seniagyawas responsiblefor the incident of the desecration of the Golden Stool.Tradition has it that the Golden Stool is the symbol of Ashanti sovereignty, andrepresents the Ashanti power. On the other hand, the Golden Stool isthe shrine ofthe Sunsum or soul of the Ashanti people. It so happened thatSeniagya, then Nseniehene of the king, beirgan official of high ranking position inthe Gyase division of the king, managed to steal, somehow, some ornaments ofthe Golden Stool with other chiefs of the Gyase division, w hilst the king was inexile in the Seychelles Islands, and to have sold the ornaments at alocal market.It is said that some time in September 1921, the chance recognition of theornaments, which were put up for sale in a local market, occurred.This led to thediscovery by the Kumasi chiefs that the sacred Golden Stool had been entirelystripped of its ornamentation, except for the gold plate on its face. The news ofthe desecration spread quickly and plunged Ashanti into a state of nationalmourning and tribulation far greater than at the loss of any king. TIE word"Askadwa" (Golden Stool), it is said, was "on everyone's lips" and in "every townand village". "Ntwuma" or red clay, was to be seen smeared in lineson the headand arms. Within a few days the situation became critical. The then BritishGovernment, realising that the events might have serious consequences, set up asupreme traditional council, headed by the 1amponghene, Nana Osei Bonsu, aliasOsei Mampong, to have the matter looked into. The British Government, it issaid, allowed the case against those accused of the crime and of receiving stolenornaments to be heard on traditional lines, though according to the principles ofBritish justice, by a panel comprising the Kumasi chiefs and outsideAmanhene,the result of the trial was that of fourteen accused, six of whom, Seniagya was theprincipal accused person, including Asubonten, the Gyasahene ofKumasi, whowas respondible for the king's household affairs,(and who had been responsiblefor the safe custody of the Golden Stool) were condemned to ddath, on the groundthat they, being natives of Ashanti and subjects of the Golden Stool ofthe Ashantination, did exposeq steal, destroy, sell, and otherwise unlawfullydeal with anduse the said Golden Stool, thereby betraying the said Ashanti nation and laying itopen to disgrace and ridicule, and debasing the name and fame of Ashanti, muchto the annoyance and provocation of all people, both young and old,

thereby giving occasion for disturbance and bloodshed, but for the intervention ofthe government. Of the other prisoners, seven were sentenced to lifoimprisonment, while one was discharged. The then chief commissioner, however,revised the sentences. But the incident, and in

particular, the substitution of banishment overseas for the death penalty, broughthome to both chiefs and people the bitter fact that Ashanti had lost its politicalsovereignty. So Saniagye, who no doubt was the principal culprit of this act wasexiled to Lagos. He was, however, repatriated to Ghana after herindependence asa privatecitizen and died about 2-10 years ago.So this Saniagya was succeeded by Anin Agyei, a paternal grandson of the stoolwhilst King Prempeh I was still in exile. He was also destooled for mal-administration, The stool then, it is said, became vacant until the arrival of KingPrempeh I from Seychelles, when Kwame Sen, a son of the stool was enstooled.He spent just about six months on the stool and met his death.Kwame Sen was succeeded on the stool by hisnephew, Kwasi Sen in the reign of the second part of King Prempeh I. He wasdestooled for mal-administration and mis-management.Kwasi Sen was succeeded by Nana Kwabena Atta in the reign of the presentmonarch, Sir Osei Agyemen Prempeh II. He was a paternal grandson of the stooland died on the stool.Chief Kwabena Atta was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Nnoro in the reign ofthis same monarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He was destooled on chargesof blindness and incapacitation. Kofi Nnoro has been succeeded on the stool byKwasi Adai II, a grandson of the stool in the maternal sense and a true descendantof the stool.Note: a) The hat worn by the Nseniehene is calledAdomasa hat.b).The hats worn by some subordinate court criersof the king are called Nkyetia.c)The hat worn by other subordinate court criers ofthe king is called Esenkwadom.d) The Dawobofo)hene, the chief responsible for thebeating of Asantehene's gongon, has a hat knownas Dawubofo,* Kye.e) The Dawubofophene comes under the category ofNseniehene.

CHIEFS OF THE NSENIE STOOLIst Chief 2nd Chief 3rd Chief 4th Chief 5th Chief 6th Chief 7th Chief 8th Chief9th Chief 10th Chief 11th Chief 12th Chief 13th Chief 14th Chief 15th Chief16th Chief 17th Chief 18th Chief 19th ChiefKra Kessie, ne Beako AnaafeBosiempim Kwadwo Ampan Kwadwo Apiagyei Yaw Krow Kwasi Adai KwadwoNyame (Destooled) Appiagyei II (Captured bythe British) Yaw Kramo (Destooled) Kwaku Addai (Destooled) Kwadwo KunaduSeniagye Anin Agyei Kwame Sen Kwasi Sen (Destooled) Kwabena AttaKwasiNnoro Kwasi Adai II

ClassificationInformantRecorded bv DateSubject!AS ace. no. AS 82J.X. Boatey alias T .Yem inyav IIex.-chie20J, Agyemn-- Duab1 0th September 1 965 OFOAE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African '-tud-es, University of Ghana, Legon.Ocober 1 963.

- I-.Ofoase is a town about 58 miles fromi Kumasi on the Kur.asi-Accra road i: thepresent Ashanti-Akim district, formerly. within the province o: the 0bcaseprovincial colnminnioner.The Ofoase.h,:.e :we,-,r; to --.- ... -r't...-, with thie .qpo'-. ensuoSword. He owes d.ciiit a-logiance to the '.o-den Stool,It. is a stoo D-" m .,lneal desceht nU belongs to the Bretuo clan or Abu,. -o'2ho ancestross of tLis stool is said to have been YanaAitah Odifie who m1 -rr-ted from Adansi Ayaase ith her a-cestral stool aa sett-'Le at .P.uantia Jot 80 rals from Ayaase. At Amantia Nana Ok mLnisucceededher nothor Atta Odifie. From Anantia the descandants of Naxa AttahOdifie andher. retinue settled in -:_yaase. Okumanin was succeeded on the stool by Taa-Baafuor. 9ii was in the reign of King Osei Tutu. Taa-Baafuor, it is said, foughtath King 0sei Tutu during is reign. Hc was droo-ned whilst crossing theAnumriver and -,S succeeded on 1he stool by Aprantwum, his brother. It issaid t.a±Aprantvwm was on Vaz stool in the reign of the same i;, Osei Tutu; he alsofought -dth King Opoku ST,-are. The la-7i"er, it is said was victorious. Apratwum,as succeeded on tdhe stool by Ahenkora Kessie in the reign of thesaire Kin. ?okuWare. Ahenkora Kessie was a full blood brother of .,-pratm. Ahenkora Kessie,fought with King Opoku. iare also. He -.as decapitated, by Kin g Opoku after tihewar in .;.ich King 0Poku Ware v;as victorious. Ahenkora Kessie ;:assucceodedon the stool by Pobi Assernani. He took to his heels from Accra and settled at aplace called Asemanii. Thi s chi-:ie f -also attacked by King Opoku ..are,Asantehene. He was captured and decapitated by the king., OpokuWare. NanaPoku A~semani was at this juncture succeeded on the Ofoase stool byK-kyeFranu, ,ho aso foug-at with the Asantehene, Opoku Uare and was defeated s wellby the Asanteheme an decapitated at Asoii . It is said, tat at this timeof thecentury, -the Ashantis crossed the Arum river, making sudden at-acls on theOfoase people.It was. during t-.e rei,a of Ofoasehene Nuamah that te Ofoase people thoujht ofgigrating to the present Southern Ghana. Nuaml. vras put ol the stoolat the age ofseven. So the Ofoasehene chi" a to be the first Ashanti chief to Sgrate to the

Wes;ern &'2harn at a village cal-led Appaasu durizg the Ashanti.'ar dnasty of theeit.eenth century.

- 2This village. it is saiil, :.as the area of the ocou-oan± of iAkim-...w:Lsa .t001 now-ä--c "iki»,m2 Kotoku areja (in t1r old deeys the area vins imowu asAjim-KotokuManso) . The Awl3ahene i-t is said. , gve ii.Äjr,!ntiz - surjny to~ sett!'ý h-1-ecause tt£y had caLle from *&-tiarnd narred *1ie p aeApaaso (a hot climatioplz1ce). ETaaa 1',ýama! died.. at Åvisa. IL was buried thore.,,ana XuamDri ,qjs s.icec.uded on the stool by AhenkoraKokokoo,, his brotläer, at ±Rwrs.Nän Ahenkora ITCokokoo -oassucceed.d on thestool bj- h-is brother Aixenkora.It is ~ithat 1he ,aXna Nuamlah migrated to Ävris.-,ho z ý, fojlowed at <-.) lator by- the Bosum.ei-iene -vlto hýd alsorigrated fromÅslhant.- to tTe present area 3-nown as »dim Swedru. Thne Bosiimeien-e -äas aresident just near the presant area of Lake outiThe OdIaahene also rägrrated from Ask-~Inti just about the time of.'the migrationof l1ana DUainah. The Odaahene was sottled rit a village called Dampong in theåsuboa area in Ashanti-Akim. 1i1iis nc.-11e 'vas Frimpong Manso~. Na.na*riniporig 2Manso wras succeeded on the stood by Atta Pan.in alias ryrimpongNkontow.I t is said th,- L 1-osow-hene, Korangye Anprait-. was theJ Akim Bosomäl(-3ie,Ahenkora Yuntumi -,-as s.ucceo-de. on the Ofoase stool by Kiwame Af ramA. Itis sai U-iat i i was in the re icn of Kwame Mz'ram that -iae Ofoase peoEftle l--etu-f-yjcd to Asha-nti. KV-ame Afx'ým -äas succeeded on t1,-: stool byK1'_,arne Adjeip a royal of the stool 1w'hi1 st jsiniD- 1 ::im-, .as lin Soycll _:sIsland. It wa.s in the rei.,: n of Kwmeåjei that King Prempeh- I repatriated fromåeccholles. It ,-,as also at this time thIat the. Of oase-hene took theoath .ofallegiance ýb ObimfEUo vrith the 1Miponponsuo sword and not go back to tIBcolony.Kiai Adjei wa~s sucoceedeýd on the stool of KofiMhenkora in Åthe reiC-n of t]åe pro sent king. He was destooled for mal-adiinistrati on.Kofi .henkora .wåas succeeded by Kwasi. Yantuumi, a4iasKwasi .Ahenko'ra in t-he reig4 of this presen't monarch. Ile was&eStoolo0 KwasiYontumi was succeeded on -the stool by Tiafum Aineyal. II whio waý,s destoolodf ar -.nisdei2.atlour in' t21e' reign of this same Monarch Sir Osci Agyemn Prempeh II. Ti&-umAmeyajw has been succeecled by Kofi Ahenkoray the p.le sentL chief.

-3 -CHIEFS OF TH OAa STOOL1st. Chief Nana Attah Odifie(Female Chief)2nd. Nana Ok~ua in3rd. " t Nama Taa Baaguo

4th. "I Nan~a Agratwim5the~' Nana Abenkora Kessie6th. "Nam~ Pobi Assemani7th. Nana Kwakye Franu8th. "Nana Nuanm.h9th3 "Nana Ahelikora Kokokoro10 tll " Nana Ahenkora Tuntum11th. ~'Nana Kwame Afram 12th. " Nana Kwame Adjei13th. "Nana Kof!L Ahenkora14Ith. "Nana Kwasi15th. Nana Axneyaw(de stooled)16th. "Nana Kofi Ahenkora (the present chief)

IAS ace. no, Ak 83InformantSomihen-, Nnflf Boakye AdonsaRecord :J. Agyeann-DuahDate :27th August 1963Subject :SOKE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghia, Legon.November, 1963Clas sif-cat ion j:

- I1Tho Somihleno belongs to the Manero division oi t', king. He owes directillegianco to the Golden Stool of Aslanti ard sweairs to tlo Asantehene or theoccupant of the Golden Stool with the Mponponsuo Sword. This is the principalsword used by the paramount chi fsof Asantehone in s:aring t10 oh of allegianceto -de king. The Somihene runs second in conrnand to the Jb.anwerehene w ho isthe 'oc~odited head of t1he Manvere division of th, king.The Semi stool -,;as created by Nena Freduja A rn-an, alias Na:a K.-i.., Duah I,the least pugnacious of the Ashariti kings,Althoujh thero is a doubtful explanation as to the creation of this Semi stool b7- --Jarat reduah Agyenan, the present 1oninhene avers that this loast Pugnacious kingcreated the stool in question in order tlrt one of his most favoured sons served ashis prote ctor- r-gard (watchdog).It ,.ill be recalled tht ana Fredua Agyean, Opambuo, .being a man of peace -md'an extraordinarily good administrator of thecenturyobserved in the course of his reign that the following stools ,hich are mainly of

patrilinieal descent were occupied by the sois oL his predecessors or to be moretraditional, the sons of the Golden itool:I. Akyempim stool occupied by 0-wusu Kawkaw2. Asafo stool, occupied by Asare Boakye3. Kyidom Stool, occupied by Owusu Sekyere 4. Atene stool, occupied by AteneYaw Ntem5. AUi-in Stool, occupied by .....The King, it is said, one day thought to himself that since all the foregoing stoolsare occupied by tliu sons of' the Golden Stool, then how can any chief rebelagainst him. Five of his sons, as tradition has it, serve as watchdogs in the variousmilitary divisions conosed by his predecessors. The king thus created a stool ibr'his proper son, Oheneba Akl,,asi Abayie, vho was to surve as a true detective forhis father and of course, to seek the welfare and interests of his father. Thus cameabout thL creation of the Somi stool. Oheneba Akwasi was still on the So,-ul stoolin the reiffi of Asantehene Kofi Karkari.Oheneba Akwvasi Abaayie was succeeded on the stool by OhenebaKwansKyerematon, -ho was also an offspring of aa Fredua Agyennn, alias NamaKwaku Duah I, in the reija of Asantehene i'ana Mlensh Donsu.

Ollonebr, ruar.,le .7yorerra en vns succeeacd on tLe St001.1i77' seco.-21 pw.,uof 1,1n6Pror4)eh I, flhat i-- after his repatriation fl-cm tile Seychelles Isljnd in 192)+.Oheneba _",."_Waku Duah has be . succeeded on Ihå stool bytho presc-.1t Somihono , _Äakyo Atonsa,, who In 'tAe roigi o f this p_-oserrtIälonarch, ýir Osci AUerran Prenpeh II. M-c pre sent Somihenois (of course), 'agrandson of the Golden Stool.CHIEFS OF SOMI STOOLlst. Chief2nd. 3rd. 4th.Oheneba Alwasi Abayie Oheneba Kviame Kyeremten Oheneba KwalmDuah1,1.ma Boakyo !fonsa (ýhe present chief)

Classification: Informant Recorded b : Date:Subject :L ~ace. n1o.A s. 8)1iaia t-oakye YaW J. Agyeran-Duah I 3th September 1 963AYEBIAKYERE STOOL HIZTORY-- - ~Institute of African Dtudies, University of Ghana, Legon.May 1963

The Ayebiakre:hene belongs to the J1anwere c3an ofthe king. He swears '-o ti-le Asantehene with the 1pomponsuo Sword and c,;esdiract .illegiance to the Asant,1--enooThe Ayebiakyevro stool is a stool of patrilineal descent (AmamaDwa). This stoolis said to hive been created by Nana Fre.uo iiyenan, alias Nana Kwaku Duah I, theleast pugnacious of the Ashanti Kings,It is said that in t1B first instance 200 children were born to Nana Agyercan (bothmales and ferrales), Nana Agyenan one day introduced these children to th'L- thenCouncil of Kumasi State (actually Kumasi Traditional Council). The first sonpresented was Akviasi Gyemebi, the second son was Akwasi Abayie, and thethird Kwame Serebuo, They are all princes of the Golden Stool and thetrue sonsof Nama Agye an.After having presented his sons to the above-menticned council, theking thoughtit opportune to create three separate stools for the three princes. These stools werecreated within the Manware clan of the king.The first prince to be created at stool was Oheneba Akwasi Gyemebi, tose stoolname was to be the Ayebiakyere hine. Ayebiakyerehene means an introduction ofa selected few of the king's sons to such an august body as the king's traditionalcouncil. This chief Akwasi Gyamebi accompanied King Prempeh I totheSeychelles Island. He died after three years stay in Seychelles Island. He was thefather of King Prempeh I.This stool becanm vacant for a considerable length of tirm until Asantehene'sreturn fom Seychelles Island in 1924., when the present chief, Boakye Yaw, agrandson of the stool was appointed by the king himself to succeed OhenebaGyamebi, his father. It is said that this present chief vas enstooled 2 months afterthe repatriation of King Prempeh I from Seychelles Island.Note: It is said that Nana Fredua Agyeran alias NanaKwaku Duah in all begot 500 children. NanAAgyeman's last born was a resident of Tretrem village of about 24miles fromKumasi on ti Kumisi-Offinsu road via Ahenkoro junction.

CHIEFS OF...E0 AY EME STOOLlst. Chief : heneba Gyamebi2nd. Chief, Chief Boakye Yaw(the 'present chief)

Classification:Informants:Recorded by!Date:~Subject:IAS acc. no. AS.85Kwasi Kwarteng Gyasehene of Fumesua Opanin Kwasi Barima OpaninKwabenaAchampong Opanin Yaw Deko Atomfuohene Kwame Atta Kyeame Kofi Mensah

J. Agyeman-Duah17th August, 1963FUMESUA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.September, 1964

FUMESUA STOOL HISTORYFumesua is a village 8 miles from Kumasi on the KumasiAccra main road.Traditionally the Fumesua stool is known asFobiri Tano Stool.The Fumesuaheiiu owes direct allegiance to the Golden stoolof Ashanti. He swears to the Asantehene with the Mponponua sword.The Fumesuahene belongs to the Benkum Division of the King.The Fumesua stool is one of matrilineal descent. Itbelongs to the Agona Clan.The Fumesua stool is one of ancestral stool. The ancestorof this stool is said to have been Akora Nsango whose sister wasAkua Tumfuo. It is said that Akua Tumfuo was the most seniorrelative followid by Kwaku Dompo, Aketekyene and Nsamgo. They wereall resident at Tafo (Old Tafo near Kukumoforom).It is said that a dispute arose amongst these relatives soNsango left for the present area of Fumesua. It is sgid that hefirst settled at Appiadu a village of about three miles from Fumesua.At that time the Appiaduhene was Amoaye. So he directed him andretinue to go to fnwomaso a village of about one mile from Fumesuafor habitation. Anwomasohene it is said directed him and retinueto the grassland which is the present area of Fumesua. ThisChief Nsango it is said settled on the grassland with his retinue.It is said thpt at this time Kwaku Domgo was the Chief of Tafo.Nsango it is said was succeeded on the stool by Ofobiri who.was a brother of Nsango. At this time Aketekyere was the Tafohene.At this time Akua Tomfuo was dead. It is said Akua Tomfuo foughtwith Nana Oti Akenten.It is said that Nana fibiri was on the stool during enstoolment of KingOsei Tutu.It is also said that during the war between the Tafohene Asantehene King OseiTutu the Fumesuahene Ofobiri sidedwith Asantehene though he was a relative of the Tafohene. The Fumesua Lwerepeople~suppliers of war bullets for the Ashantehene. As blood isthicker than water, the Fumesuahene it is said also supplied theTafohene secretly with some of these war bullets. The Asantehene King OseiTutu it is said was informed to know of this trick butkept quietly on the matter. Nana Ofobiri had in the meantime beensucceeded on the Fumesua stool by Nana Asna. The Asantehene at aa later date questioned Nana Asna about this unhappy state of affairsand the Fumesuahene it is said wondered how Otumfuo got to know of

this trick. The Asantehene it is said further asked the Fumesuahenehow he managed to supply the Tafohene with such war bullets? Then the Fumesuahene's reply was that from Tafo you go to Obuokrom andthis reply has beopme a sayi.ng in Kumasi or Ashanti that -from :Obuokrom youto to Tafo.. The Tafohene however was defeated by the King.

OFIRI AND MANS0 STOOL HISTORYThe occupant of this stool owes direct allegiance. to the Golden Stool of.Ashanti,and swears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo Sword, the principal swordwhich the heads of the component states of the Ashanti uhion and otherseniorchiefs use in swearing allegiance. to the'Asantehene. The stool belongs to theAkwamu PiVision*' of the King.It is a stool of matrilineal descent and belongs to the Esona Clan."This Stool is said to have been created by Nana Oti Akenten, one of the'earlyAshanti rulers around 1631.The first ohief or Aincestor of this stool was Nana Akwasi Amea.Panin who wason 'the stool in the reign of Nana Oti Akenten.. This stool was thus created by theKing when he was about to wage war against the Dormahene, Nti Akessi. 'Thiswar is said to have been the first Dormaa War prior to that fought at Suntresu inthe reign of King Obiri Yeboah. At this time the Dormahene and his people wereresiding at Mpataasie and Anomangye, an area about a quarter of .a.mile from thethen seat of. Kumasi vwhen. Kumasi was known. as Kwamang. The Dormahene,was not a re sident of Suntresu as .alleged, but rather .hits hunter. AlthoughSuntresu was an area of the Dormahene, Sun tresu can at present be found just onthe left handside of Bantama Area where the. Estate Buildings now stand.Nana Oti Akenten, fought the Dormaas on four consecutiveoccasions before he defeated them. As a result, the Dormaas and their chief NtiKessie, took to their heels and settled at a villagecalled Frentokoro, an area between Nsuta and Potrikrom. The ueen Mother of theDormas at this time was Abira Boe. This Queen Mother .was more like amasculine ruler. She died at Frentokoro village. Nti Kessie, the Dormahene, alsomet his death at Frentokoro village.It is said that at this juncture Nana Oti Akenten wassucceeded by Nana Obiri .Yeboah at Kumasi (then known as Kw , mang) and theDormaaliene Nti Kessie was also succeeded at Frentokura by Kodi Batofob.N~*ia Akcwas! .Aina Panin, was succeeded on the stool by OfiriBoanse, his ephew, in the reign of Nana 0biri Yeboah. It was in the eign of NanaObiri Yeboah, the grand-uncle of King sei Tutu that the Dormaas invaded Kumasifrom Frentokoro, and .were, of pourse, victorious in the war that was fought atSuntresu between the King, Nana Obiri Yeboah, and his allied chiefsof Kumasi.This Chief, Ofiri Boanse, it is said, went to this war with King Obiri Yeboa. OfiriBoanse was residing in an area in Kwamang (now Kumasi) called Apibooso, thisis said to be the ancient name for the present area where Kumasi's Barclays Bankstands.

- 2but did not give any severe punishment of the grassland in Fumesuahene.It is said that the Asantehene at a later date thought ofpaying a visit to the grassland Chief. The King it is said visited the area inquestion with a large retinue from Kumasi and looted the area with Kumasipeople. It was a great market day at the area in which the looting took place. Thewhole village of Fumesua it is said was ransacked by the Kumasi peopleand thuscame about the naming of the area as Fumesua. So Fumesua became a village ofthe Asantehene. The Asantehene King Osei Tutu it is said took to the fieldhimself. The great market day was on one Tuesday. After the lootingthe residentsat the village were captured and became subordinates of the. Kumasi people. TheKumasi neople then occupied the various houses of these residents save those ofthe Gyasehene and the Chief stool carriers of the Fumesuahene Nana Asna.Nana Asna was then succeeded on the stool by his brotherObirempong Sauhene in the reign of the same King Osei Tutu. He went totheDenkyira War in which Ntim Gyakari the Denkyirahene was defeatedby theAshantis,Nana Obirempong Sauhene was succeeded on the stool by Nana Amoateng I inthe reign of Nana Bonsu Panyin.Nana Amoateng I was succeeded on the stool by his brother Nana Amoateng II inthe reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Yaw Akoto.Nana Amoateng II was succeeded on the stool by his brotherNana Osei Kwame in the reign of Asantehene Nana Fredua Agyemanalias NanaKwaku Duah I. Nana Osei Kwame it is said reigned for a considerable length oftime.Nana Osei Kwame was succeeded on the stool by Nana Ofobiri II in the reign ofAsantehene Kofi Karikari. He was also on the st0ol in the reign ofAsanteheneNana Mensah Bonsu.Nana Ofobiri II was succeeded on the stool by his brother Kofi Tia during theAsibey War. This was the period when a civil war broke out in Ashanti during theenstoolment of King Prempeh I.Nana Kofi Tia was succeeded on the stool .by Nana KwadwoAnanfo alias Nana Ofobiri III. He was on the stool durin the Yaa Asantewaa warof 1900. He went on the site of Aban Dwa (Golden Stool).Nana Ofobiri III was sucpeeded on the stool by Nana OseiKwame II whilst Otumfuo was in exile. King Prempeh I it is said came to meethim on the stool after his repatriation in 1924. He was at a later date destooled formal-administration.

- 3Nana Osei Kwame II was succeeded on the stool by his nephew Kwame Boatengin the second part of the reign of King Prempeh I. He was also destooled for mal-administration.Nana Kwame Boateng was succeeded on the stool by Nana Ofobiri Tin anephewof Kwame Boateng in the reign of the present Monarch Sir Osei AgyemanPrempeh II. He abdicated on his accord.

Nana Ofobiri Tin was succeeded by Nana Kwadwo Fobi who is a nephew of thestool in the reign of the present Monarch Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He wasdostooled for mis-demeanour.Nana Kwadwo Fobi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Amoateng II who wasalso a nephew of the stool in the reign of this present King Sir Osei AgyemanPrempeh II abdicated from the stool about a month hence from the date of therecording of this stool his tory. The stool is at present vacant.

CHIEFS OF TfR lst Chief: 2nd Chief: 3rd Chief: 4th Chief: 5th Chief:6th Chief:7th Chief: 8th Chief gth Chief: 10th Chief:FT-IIESUA STOOLNana Akora Nsago Nana Ofobiri Nana Asna Obirempong Sauhene NanaAmoateng I Nana Osei Kwame Nana Ofobiri II Nana Kofi Tra Nana KwadwoAmanfo (alia3 Nana Ofobiri III) Nana Osei Kwame Il (destoolecl)

Classification:Informant: Recorded by:Date:Subject:IAS acc. no. AS.86 Kwasi Bour, (First Twafuohene of Asantehene) J. Agyeman-Duah 6th September, 1963OFIRI AND M4ANSO STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies University of Ghana, Legon.September, 1964

OFIRI AND MA!NS0 STOOL HISTORYThe occupant of this stool owes direct allegiance to the Golden Stool of.Ashanti,and swears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo Sword, the principal swordwhich the heads of the component,. states of the Ashanti uhion and other seniorchiefs usein swea.ring allegiance to the'Asantehene. The stool belongs to theAkamuuDivision of the; King.It is a stool of matrilineal descent and belongs to the Esona Clan.This Stool is said. to. have been created by Nana Oti Akenten, one of the earlyAshanti rulers around 1631.The first chief ox ancestor of this stool was Nana Akwasi Amea. Panin who wason the stool in. the reign of Nana Oti Akenten. This stool was thus created by theKing when he was about to wage war against the Dormahene, Nti Akessi. Thiswar is said to have been the first Dormaa War prior to that fought at Suntresu inthe reign of King Obiri Yeboah. At this time the Dormahene and his people wereresiding at Mpataasie and Anomangye, an area about a quarter of - mile from thethen seat. of. Kumasi when. Kumasi was known. as Kwamazig. TheDormahene,was not a resident of Suntresu as alleged, but rather .his hunter.Although

Suntresu was an area of the Dormahene, Sun tresu .can at presentbe found just onthe left handside of Bantama Area where the Estate Buildings now stand.Nana Oti Akenten, fought the Donnaas on four consecutiveoccasions before he defeated them. As a result, the Dormaas and their chief NtiKessie, took to their heels and settled at a village called Frentokoro, an areabetween Nsuta and Potrikrom. The Oueen Mother of the Dormas at this time wasAbira Boe. This Queen Mother-was more like a masculine ruler. She died at Frentokoro village. Nti Kessie, theDormahene, also met his death at Frentokoro village.It is said that at this juncture Nana Oti Akenten wassucceeded by Nana Obiri .Yeboah at Kumasi (then known as Kamang) and theDormaahene Nti Kessie was also succeeded at Frentokura by; KodiBatofo . ,~NUaQaAwasi Panin, was succeeded on thestool by OfiriBoanse, his Qephew, in the reign of Nana Obiri Yeboah. It was .in ,the reign ofWana :Obiri Yeboah, the grand-uncle of King Qsei Tutu that the Dormaas inadedKumasi from Frentokoro, and were, of course, victorious in the war that wasfought at Suntresu between the King, Nana Obiri Yeboah, and his allied chiefs ofKumasi. This Chief, Ofiri Boanse, it is said, went to this war with King ObiriYeboa. Ofiri Boanse was residing in an area in Kwamang (now Kumasi) calledApibooso, this is said to be the ancient name for the present area where Kumasi'sBarclays Bank stands.

-2Chief Ofiri Boanse, it is said, was also on the stool in the reign of KingOsei Tutu,the first Asantehene of the Ashanti nation. Nana Osei Tutu, foughtwith theDormaahene Kodie Batafoo on his proclamation as the militant head oftheKumasi State, and the King, it is said was victorious in this war. It was in this warthatDorma Kusi, the commander-in-chief of the Dorma Infantry Army was capturedand decapitated at Abesim. The Dormaahene, was totally beaten at Abesim.It is worth while noting that the occupant of the stool traditionally styles himselfas the first Twafuohene of Asantehene. He is in the more emphatic sense soldier-guard chief of the Asantehene. This chief is said to have a very powerful fetish orsuman, a porcupine known as Nkore, who works miracles for him.This fetish orsuman also serves as his symbol of authority. As a soldier-spy ofthe Asantehene,he i6 the first chief to shoot seven gun shots on the enemy's soil whenthey areabout to wage war. He is in a sense the alarming chief of the Asantehene.Even though the stool in question was created by Nana OtiAkenten, one of the early Ashanti rulers, the title of Twafuohene is said to havebeen conferred upon the occupant of this stool by King Osei Tutu during thesetting up-of his military organisation in Ashanti. Okomfo Anokye, the confidantand spiritual adviser of Kilg Osei Tutu is said also to have'created the NkorenFetish or suman for King Osei Tutu and the king in turn appointed the occupant ofthis stool to be responsible for its manipulation.So Chief Ofiri Boanse, went to the Denjkyira in which NtimGyakari, the Denkyirahene was defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis.

This chief also went to the Akim War which was fought in the reign of King OseiTutu.Nana Ofori Boanse was succeeded on the stool by Nana KwameManso in the reign of Asantehene Nana Opoku Ware. This chief went totheTakyiman War when Ameyaw, the Takyimanhene was defeated by the Ashantis.It is said that when the Takyimanhene, Ameyaw, was captured, he was sentdirectly to Kumasi and sacrificed during an Odwira festival. The occupant of thisstool Nana Kwame Danso, was the first Ashanti chief, as his positionwarrantshim to fire seven gun shots on the Takyimanhene's soil, thus declaring war on theTakyimanhene. This act of Twafuohene is a symbol of the instructions hereceived from' the Asantehene.

- 3This chief wentto the Gyaman war in which Abo Kofi, the Gyaman chief wasdefeated and decapitated by the Ashantis. He was also the first chiefto fire sevengun shots on the Gyman soil upon instruction from the Asantehene, thusdeclaringwar on the Gyaman people.This chief, Nana Kwame Yanso, also went to the. AkYem War with King OpokuWare. When the King, was at the battlefield, .Abirimoro, the chief ofSefwi,invaded Kumasi and other towns, de-stroying and killing many members of theroyal family. This chief wes. the first to fire seven gun shots on the Akyem soilupon instructions from the king, thus declaring war on the Akyem people.Nana Kwame Panso:was succeeded on the stool by his nephew Nana Akosa Paninin the reign of the Asantehene, Nana Kusi Bodom.Nana Akosa Panin was succeeded on the stool by Nana KusiPanin in the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting King whofought in the broad daylingt. This .chief went to the Banda war in which Worasa,the chiefof..Banda wsas defeated by the Ashantis after fierce fighting. ChiefWorasa, wap a very powerful ruler with a distinguished noble appearance.. Hishead was impaled on a golden sword of the king, known as Worasa, Tiri, which.can be found at the King's court toay,.Nana Kusi Panin, was the first .chief, instructed by theAshanti king to fire seven gun-shots on the Banda soil,, thus declaring war on theBanda chief.Nana Akosa Panin was succeeded on the stool in the reign Of .j Asantehene NanaBonsu Panyin, another great- and fighting king of..the century.This chief went .tothe Fanti war in which the king:- for- j;hefirst time in the annals of the Ashanti history placed thestate sword into the seaand won for. himself the traditional' appellation"Bonsu" (The Destroyer of theSea), a symbolic expression pf the king's victory over the Fantes. Akosa Kumah,was the first Ashanti chief to be called upon to fire seven gun shots on Fanti land,thus declaring war on the Fanti people.This chief also went to the Gyman War fought in the reign of Ashantehene, NanaBonsu Panyin, who was known in high traditional circles as Nana OseiTutuKwame. The Gyaman chief Kofi Adinkra, was defeated and beheaded by theAshantis after a bloody and fierce fighting on Gyaman--soil. It is also said that

whilst.. the skull of the G yaman chief, was:being conveyed to Kumasi after, thebattle, the skull accidentpl.]y.fell into the TanoRiver, but the Ashantis, dived andpicked the head up within the twinkle of an eye. .Tttis skull,, was thence wellprotected and sent to Kumasi. This b.hief was the first to fire seven gun shots onthe Gyaman soil as instructed by the king, thus declaring war on the Gyamanpeople.

-4Nana Akosa Kumah, who, became a very old man on the stool wasalso in the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Yaw Akoto. He was the first chief. tofire seven gun' shot's in the battle of Akatamansu.' This chief alsowent to thebattle of Akatamansu in full force, and returned home unscathed,-oNana Akosa Kumah was succeeded on the stool by his brotherAkwasi Nsiah, in' the reign of Asant-ehene Nana Fredua Agyeman, alias NanaKwaku> Duah' I. Nana Agyeman. proved: himself tO he a king. of -peace duringhis thirty. 'years' rule. :: He; is thus de scribed in high traditionalcircles as theleast, pugnacious of theAshanti rulers. ' Akvdasi Nsiah; .though not a royal of thestool, was chosen by the elder ' and the kingmakers because there was no riperoyal at the time. Aklvasi Nsiah was also on the stool in the reign of AsanteheneKofi Karikari. He was instrumental in the Karikari wars, fought inhis reign bybeing the first chief' to fire seven shots on the enemy's soil. The traditional stoolof Akvasi Nsiah, was blackened after his death, therefore the descendants ofAkiasi Nsiah are annexed royals of the stool.Chief Akwasi Nsiah was succeeded on the stool by Kwasi Pipim, a true :royal ofthe stool in the reign of Asantehene, Nana £.ensah :Bohsu. 'He was theinitiator,as the tradition of his stool has it, to fire seven gun-shots on'the enemy's soilduring the Bonsu Warsfoughtiin his reign. Kwasi Pipim, it is said, was destooled for: misdemeanour inthe reign of this same king, Nana Mensah Bonsu.Akvasi Pipim was succeeded on the stool by Kwasi Afriyie, a nonroyal of thestool from Akropong, a town about 7 miles from Kumasi on the Sunyani Road.Kwasi Afriyie became a popular and notorious figure of the stool area in which hewas, and consequently appointed a regent by the elders and kingmakers to lookafter the affairs of the stool as there was again no ripe royal for the stool. KwasiAfriyie, ,took the initiative of resisting against the nomination of King Prempeh. Idurin his election as such. Kwasi Afriyie, was on the side of Atwereboana and0bjected to the candidature of Nana Kwasu Dua III, alias Nana Prempeh I. ",Thisnotorious man was at long last decapitated at a villge called 'Dwedwan on theBerekum road in the 'course of the civil war which broke out during thebnstoolment of Prempeh I.After the decapitation of Kwasi Afriyie, the stool, became vacant for aconsiderable length of time.":Kwasi Afriyie was succeeded by Yaw Donk6r who is said to:be' a truedescendant: of the 'stool and in the.ifirt part of the reign of King Prempeh I. Thischief,' went. to the' Nkoranza War fought also inthe first part of the.reign of King,Prempbh,', the first chief, as traditi6n has it, tofire seven gun, shots on Nkoranza

soil. This Vkoranza Wa±'t was. one of fierce' fighting; but the':Nkoranzas weretotally .efeated b ythe.Ashanti s.

- 5Yaw Donkor was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Kom after the Yaa AsantewaWar whilst King Prempeh I was in exile.Kofi Kom was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Amankwah after therepatriation of King Prempeh I from Seychelles Illand. He was at alater datedestooled for mal-administration.Kv.ame Amankwah was succeeded by Kwadwo Yaw who was a trueroyal of the stool in the second part of the reign of King Prempeh I. He abdicated.Kwadwo YaV1wwas reinstated by Kwame Amankvah in the.reign ofthe second part of the same King Prempeh 1. He was once again destooledfor mal-administration.Kwame Amankwah was succeeded on the stool by Adu Kwabena inthe reign f~this present Yonarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. Adu Kwabena,was a true royal of the stool. He abdicated after a shQrt reign.Adu:Kwabena was succeeded by his brother, Atta Kwame in the reignof thissame l oiarch, Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh'II. 'He diet' after 2 years' reign.k me Atta wa :succeeded-on the steel by the-present chief, Kwasi Bur'o, whbavers W that he is not a true royal of the stool, but a son and has been privilegedupon because of his vitality and sense of humour.,Note: The village of this stool 'Is Ar voma" oh the KumasiOffinso road.

CHII1S OF OFIRI MTD MANSO STOOLlst. 2nd 3rcl 4th 5th 6th 7th' 8th,Chief .,. C.hief ...Chlef Chief Chief ... Chief Chief Chief ...9t1r Chlef ... 10th Chlerth Qhief 12th Chief 13th Chief 14-th Chief 15th Chief ... 16th chief ...17th Chlef ...9.9 69* *96 Nana AlmasiNana Ofiri Boanse Nana Kwame Alanso Nana Akosa Panin Nana Kusi PaninNana Akosa Kumah Nana Akwasl Nsiah Nana Kwasi Pipiýi (Destobleå)NanaKvfasi Afr-lyie(Regent -,,Destooled.) Nana Yaw Donkor Nana Kofi Kom Nana KwameAmankwah Nana Kwafto Yaw Nana Kviame Amankwah (Reinstated &Destooled) Nana Adu Kwabena*96 466 ges 890 *69 Nana Atta Kwame 969 096 499 Nana Kwasi Buor(Prezent Chlef)

Classification:Informants:Recore yDate:Subject:

IAS acc. no. AS.87Nana Kwabena Adusei - Sewuahene Obaapanin Akosua Abrafi Okyeame KwasiKansa Opanin Kwame Amoako Oheneba Kwabena Owusu KokoJ. Agyeman-Duah10th September, 1963.SEWUA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies,University of Ghana, Legon.September, 1964

SEWUA STOOL HISTORYSewuah is a town of about 7 miles from Kumasi on the LakeBosumtwi Road. The Sewuahene owes direct allegiance to the Golden Stool ofAshanti and swears to the Asantehene with the Mpomponsuo Sword, theprincipalsword used by paramount chiefs and other senior chiefs in taking aeo~.th ofalleg±axict Lo the Asantehene (the occupant of the Golden Stool).The Sewuahene belongs to the Domaikvia Benkum group withinthe Kyidom division of the king.The Sewuah stool is a stool of matrilineal descent andbelongs to the 0yoko clan or Abusua. It is a royal stool and hereditary.Traditionally, the Sewuah stool is known as Amoako and Sarkodie stool,and is anancestral stool.Tradition has it that the creator of this stool came to meetthe ancestor of this stool, known as Nana Awuah at a place called Tomuoho. Theoccupation of this ancestor was that of a blacksmith (Tamfuo). WhenOdomankoma obo Adee (the Creator) came to meet this Nana Awuah, theblacksmith, he asked him about the purpose of his job. The ancestorreplied thathe was doing it for a group of people. The creator further enquired about thewhereabouts of these people, and Nana Awuah pointed out a hill top andexplained that this group was living there. Then Odomankoma asked "What isyour name", and this blacksmith chief answered "Awuah". The Creator thenrelated that on his journey to the area he had never come across any human beingsave a certain woman by the name Abina Oduah ('The very strong old Lady') whowas residing at a village called Worakese. The Creator then went on to say thatthe second person he had come across was Aruah, the chief blacksmith, andappealed to the latter for his assistance, explaining that the success ofhis venturedepended upon the blacksmith's directives. Thus came about the name of thisvillage: . Sewua. The Creator at this juncture requested Awuah to follow him sothat whenever he crea;ted a human being, he Awuah, would make a cutlass forhim for the purpose of cultivation.It is said that the Creator did not ask the woman of Worakese village (about 10miles from Sewua) to follow him. From Worakese you go to Akokofeand fromAkokofe you go to Kokofu.

So Awuah, it is said followed the Creator to a certain area now calledAdjumakaase Atomfo Kurum (actually known as Adjumakaase Kessie)a villageabout 13 miles from Kumasi where it is said that Awuah met his death.

-2It is further said that the Creator on arrival at Sewua also met Aiwuah's relativeswho claimed to be autocthones., The, symbolical hole in the ground where theCreator is said to have met Avuah and his relatives, the authoothonesat the spotactually known,as Tomuoho. One of Awmah's relatives wTho ws met by theCreator at the spot in question was Sekye Amporofi, a sister of Ak-uah. Thissister's husband was Imown and called Baayim Siakuan'.AvAah's sister, Sekye Amporofi did not take part in thehazardous journey undertaken by Odomankoma obo Ade, and. Awbah, butremained at Sewua ith her husband, Baayim Siaktian, and other members of thefamly.While residing at Seua, Sekjre Amporofi gave birth to thefollowing children: Akoma Buah (female) biri Buah (female), Difie Gyaa(female) Amankvah Twiwah (female) and one male child: Duodu Asambre.Thus, while Avvuah was away in Adjumakaase Atomfo Kurom, he wassucceeded by his nephew, Duodu Asambre. This was in the reign of TwUm, neAntwi, presumably the very early kings, of the would-be. Ashantination. Thiswas somewhere in the 16th century(?). -Iuodu Asambre, became theOdikro, or tobe more (specific)j. caboocer of the area in question. He was alsb the Odikro ofthe.area in the,,. reigns of, Nana Kobia Amamfi and Oti Akenten who were alsosome of the very. early, rulers in Ashanti when the Ashanti nation was in.decadenbe.Nana Duod.i Asamibre was succeeded on the stoolby hianephew,Nana Amoako, in the reign of King biri Yeboah. This chief, it is, said, went to theDorma War, fought at Suntresu in which King Obiri Yeboah was defeated by theDormas.It is also said that it was in the reign of King Obir. Yeboah that the Kyidom':,stoolwas created for his son, Nana Sabin Paryin.,, It was just about this time that NanaAmoako was also ,requested bythe King to serve him though the DomaikwaBenkum group within the Kyidom division of the King. This Chief, Amoako,.was. also on the stool in the reign of King oei Tutu, the first Asantehene., ,Hewent to the Dorma War, fought at Abesim in the reign"Of King. Osei Tutu " inwhich the Dormas were totally defeated and Dorma'Kusi the commanderin-chiefof the Dorma Infantry Army captured and decapitated.. He went to the-, DenkyiraWar in-which the Denkyirahene 'was defeated and beheaded by the Ashantis atFehyiase., He als" went' to the Ain War in which the King'himself took tothebattlefield.' He died after the war.

- 3Nana AmoEako was succeeded on the stool by Nana Sarkodie in the rein ofAsantehene Nana Opoku Ware. Nana Sarkodie was a full blood brother of NanaAmoako, his predecessor. This chief, it is said, went to, the Takyimanwar inwhich Ameyawf, the Takyimanhene was defeated and decapitated by the

Ashantis. The whole treasury of the Takyimanhene was also ransacked by theAshantis after thedefeat of this war. Dwamarawa, the Queen Mother of Taky-Iman andalso a sisterof Ameyaw, who once boasted of her riches and desired to know what povertymeant, was taken war prisoner and sent toKumasi. While at- Kuhasi she was forced to sweep the market place and thedirtiest parts of Kumasi, thus teaching her what poverty means.It is said that immediately after the Takyiman War, the King invaded Khong. TheKing of Khong was totally defeated by the Ashantis. It was also at Khong that theservants or stool subjects of Nana Sarkodie discovered that yam was suitable foreating. This stool servant of Nana Sarkodie by name of Ko Antwi, afterdiscovering yam in the Khong area, cooked it and found it quite palatable. Hethen boiled some for his master, Nana Sarkodie, and the. latter also found themnice for eating. Nana Sarkodid, in his turn recommended this to the King, NanaOpoku Ware. The King, was quite- astonished: to learn of this new food.However, before tasting it, it was suggested in high traditional circles that some ofthe stool servants or dependents at the King's court be made to taste thisfood first.If the outcome was successful, a similar dish would be prepared forthe King, ifnot the servants would have to suffer the consequences. Upon his arrival inKumasi after the Khong War the king, commended Nana Sarkodie highly for thismagnificent discovery and ordered that as a token of appreciation and symbol ofenhanced dignity, he was to perform certain customary duties forthe GoldenStool at the annual Odwira Festival. Therefore, the Asantehene presents thefollowing articles to the occupant of Sarkodie stool during the performance of theOdwira festival:~a one sheepone bottle Schnappsone piece of white shirtingone piece of Kyimi Tamone brass panThe foregoing articles, were sent to Nana Sarkodie in the old days during theannual performance of the Owira Festival, and it has since become an establishedcustom among the Ashanti kings to send the same number of articles totheoccupant of the Sevua stool .6n such festive occasions.

- 4Yams were also planted in the Sewua area upon the instructiong of the King. TheObaapanin of Sewua stool was made responsible for the planting of yams for theGolden Stool.After presentation of these articles by the King, Nana Sarkodie, according tocustom, must have the sheep slaughtered and some of the yams dug up be-fore thepouring of libation and the performance of other customary rites relating to the.Odwira Festival'The ifnctions of the Odwira Festival,*it is said, start on aWednesday ..... Adae Festival known as Kudapaa Kuo. The aforementionedarticles are of course, presented to. the Sarkodie Stool by the.Kingon Tuesday(Dapaa) or to be more specific, the eve of Wednesday - Adae. Festival. All the

customary rites are performed on the Wednesday-Adae Festival, Awukudae, theFofie Festival falls within nine days (Friday). It is during this FofieFestival thatsome of the yams grown in Sewua (for which the Obaapanin of Sewuah isresponsible) are dug out and" wrapped with Kyeme cloth and placed in the brasspan as provided by the King,. The piece of white shirting is also sewn,by theSewuahene which symbolises that the heaLr' of the Sewuahene 'is as clean as awhite sheet. He then eats the yams planted on his soilito show.that they contain nopoison. Part of the white shirting provided by the King is wrapped around some ofthe yams and taken" to Ahenfie under a canopy. The chief of Sewua,follows thiscanopy with all the trappings of achief, from Swuah, with a long procession of hissubjects to the King' s courtyard in Kumasi.In KumaSi the Sewuahene, informs the King through the linguists that he hastasted the yams and found them to be edible. The stool carriers of theAsantehene,take the yams and Send them to the stool house to be cooked. Thechief waits until the yams are boiled in the appropriate quarters and the necessarycustomary rites performed before he takes leave with the large retinue and goesback to Sewuah.On the Sunday following this function, a big durbar was held, calledApaframKwasiate. In the old days, a cow was slaughtered to mark the occasion.The Odwira Festival usually takes place before Christmas.Traditionally the Odwira Festival was, in the old days, the annualfunction of thestate. The Odwira Festival falls either in September or October.Khong, is in the Bontuku area. Nana Sarkodie, also went to.': the Gyaman War'fought in the reign of King Opoku Ware in which Abo Kofi, the Gyamanchiefwas defeated and decap.itated by the Ashantis. Nana Sarkodie also went to theAkim War in which Abirimoro., the Chief of Sefni besieged Kumasi whentheKing,, Nana Opoku was at the battlefielf at Akim. It is said that the Sefwi chiefhad two

- 5identiaal twin sons, known as Akah and Akah. These sons besieged Sewua whilsttheir father had also invaded Kumasi, when the chief of Sev-a was atthebattlefield with King Opoku Ware. The' Sefwi chief's twins, killed NanaSarkodie's mother, Samoah, and Saamanhene's mother, Ode, on a Thursday. Thechief of Sewuah was informed about ihis while on the battlefield with theKing.As a result of this sad news, tho Oath of Sewua came about: "Meka tia ne tiaNtam". This oath has become a significant one, commemorating the day whenChief Sewi's twins killed Nana Sarkodie's mother and Saamanhene's mother aswell.Sewna is also the village for the occupant of the Saamang stool. TheSaamanghene is the head of the Cyase division of the King. The explhnation as towhy the Saamanghene resides in Sewua might at first seem doubtful, but uponfurther investigation one is told that when King Osei Tutu created the SaamangStool, he ordered that the Saamanghene staysat Sewuah with the Sewuahene, thelatter being an independent chief.

Nana Sarkodie was succeeded on the stool by his nephew, Nana Osei Kumah. Hewas on the stool in the reign of Asantehene, Nana Kusi Bodum.. Nana Osei Kumah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Antwi Adaiin the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king, of whofought in the broad daylight. This chief went to the Banda War fought inthe reignof Nana Osei Kwadwo in which Worasa, the chief Banda, was decapitated by the.Ashantis and the skull sent to Kumasi. The skull was impaled on a sword knownas Worasa Tiri, which can be found in the King's courtyard today.Nana Antwi Adai was on the stool in the reign of Asantehene,Nana Osei Kwame. He was also on the stool in the reign of Asantehene,NanaOpoku Fofie.Nana Antwi Adai was succeeded on the stool by Nana Twimasi 'Atiaa,hisnephew in the reign of Asantehene, Nana Bonsu Panyin, alias Nana Osei TutuKwame. He was another great fighting King. He went to the Fpmti War with theking, at Anomabu in which the King won for himself the traditional title"Bonsu"- (The Destroyer of the sea)' as he was the first Asantehene to place the statesword into the sea after the conquest of the Fanti people.He also went to the Gyaman War with the King in which Adinkra, the GyamanKing was defeated and beheaded by the Ashantis, The* skull was sent to Kumasi.

-6Na Tvimase Atiaa was succeeded on the stool by his nephewNana Yaw Poku in the reign of Asantehene, Nana. Osei Yaw Akoto. He went tothe Akatamansu War fought in the reign of Nana Yaw Akoto. The King, took thefield to himself. This w ir, which took place in 1826 was one of Lho bloodiest inAshanti history, -.here many Ashantis lost their lives at Dodowa. The Kingentered Kumasi unperceived, he merely sent his compliments to theKumasichiefs and informed them that he had arrived, but was not well enoughto receivethem. -The King stayed on at Sewua for about four months, attendedthe woundedand sick, appointed new captains in place of. those who had been killed,beforemaking his state appearance in the capital. Nana Yaw Poku, however, returnedhome unscathed.Nana Yaw Poku was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabena Poku, hisbrotherin the reign of Asantehene Nana Fredua Agyeman, alias Nana KwakuDuah I.Nana Kwabena Poku was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwasi Poku inthereign of Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari. These went to the Karikari Wars foughtin his reign.Nana Kwasi Poku was succeeded on the stool by Nana Aboagye, hisnephew, inthe reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu.Nana Aboagye was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabena Anane, his brotherin the reign of Asantehene Nana Kwaku Dua II, alias Nana AgyemanKofi.Nana Kwabena Anane was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabena Marfo hisbrother in the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I, alias KwakuDuah III. Hewent to the Nkoranza War fought in the first part of the reign of theKing.Nana Kwabena Marfo was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwaku

Antwi whilst the King was in exile in the Seychelles Island. He was also on thestool during the Yaa Asantewa War of 1900. He went on the side of Aban Dwa(Golden Stool). Nana Kwaku .Antwi was succeeded on the stool by Nana KofiAchezpong, a royal of the stool whilst the King was in exile. The King came tomeet him on the stool after his repatriation in 1921+.Nana Kofi Achampong has been succeeded on the stool byKwabena Adusei the present Chief and a descendant of the stool in1931. Thischief took the oath of allegiance to the present Monarch, on the very day that theKing was enstooled. When the King was enstooled in the morning"h took thebath of allegiance to him in the evening.

7CHIEFS OP SEWUA STOOLlst 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th lOth llth 12th 13th 14th15th Chlef ...Chlef ... Chief Chief Chief ... Chief ... chief ... Chief ... Chief ...Chlef Chief ...Chief Chlef Chief Chlef ...*69 666 966 69. ... Nana Amah66* 946 6.61 o*. NQna Duodu Asambre6*6 66* 06* Nana Amoako496 666 69* Nana Sarkodie66* 99. 96* Nana Ose! Kumah Nana Antwi Adai Nana Twimase Atiaa Nana YawPoku Nana Kwabena Poku Nana Kw-asi Poku Nana Aboagye Nana Kkabena,Anane Nana Kwabena Marfo Nana Kwaku Antwi Nana Kofi Achampon (Thepresent Chiefý

- 8Note:(a) The Domkwai Benkum Group within the. yidom.Division. of the King consists of the follow.ngChiefs.()Detehene(2 SewuaheneAmoakohene4 Krapahen.*5 Kuroforoihene6 Adensehene7 Gyinnysahene ,The foregoing stools are said to havebeen created by King Obiri Yeboah in theKyidom Division.(b) The Domakwai Nifa Group within the KyidomDivision of the King consists of thefollowing Chiefs:(I) Akyeamehene 2 2 FehyiaseheneNyamianihene4) Senfehene

5) AmOaSmanhene (6) Aburamohene (7) Be siaseheneThe foregoing stools are said to have,*been created by Xing Osei Tutu in theKyidom Division.

Clsaation: A. ac o AS8Infomans rKwaku Kusi Ad-vasehene Yaw Fosu Abontendomhene Rofi AgyimSafoheneAm~a Donkor Yaw Bio Afutusaafuohene Kwaktx Twimas eRecordgd by:-J. Agyeman-DuahDate:28th August 1963.Subje et :flDWAASE STOOL3 HISTORYInstitute of African' Studies, University of GThana, Legon.October 1963,I'lls. ace,Informants.-110. 13.88

MUSE --SOOL HISTORYAdwaase is a village about 5 miles from Kumasi on the Kumasi-.&ccra road.The 2.dwaashene owes direct alle-i,7.ce to the Golden stool of Ashanti. He swearsto the :.santehene with the Mpomponsuo Sword.The 'Adwaasehene belongs to the Gyase division of the king. He comes under thecategory' of the Saamanhene who is the accredited chief of -the king'sGyasedivision.The Adwaase stool is a stool of matrilineal descentand belongs to the Dako clan or family. The .dwaase stool is-ancestral. Theancestor of the stool is sid to have been (Bawua) Nsafo whose ancestral village issaid to havebeen Adwama in the Kokofu district. It is said that this chief was residing at thevillage with his relatives.The occupant of the stool is said to have been an uncle of the Nsutahene who isalso of the DPJco. clan or family.The relatives became hemmed in at this vi-llage and left for Kumasi with OduroPanin, the first iNsutahene.On arrival at Kumasi they were ma.de to stay with the Akyempimhene attheexpresg wish. of the king.' On arrival at Kumasi when Kumasi wab known asAsamang, Oduro and his group had the intention of following his unclet0 Nsuta.But when the Asantehene learned of their departure, he ordered themto stay nearhim because the Oyoko and Darko clan or fa.mily are inseparable. SoBawviuaNsafo, the hene to be, was asked to stay behind so that the king could confer withhim. The .santehene urged the Adwaasehene to select a suitable site of abode for

his relatives and the retinue as well. After selecting a suitable place,theAdwaasehene reported to the king. Ho wever a certain hunter, Adwaa, hadalready built his camp in the area in question so the relatives or explorers thoughtof staying there. Thisbrought' about the naming of Adwaase.Naa Bawuna Nsaf6 was succeeded on the stool by Bawua ,Kwabena, his brother,in the reign of the same king, Obiri Yeboah

Ba -IxTc.bena was suoce-ded -on thle åtool by BawUt. Kofi. Nahia Ba~.u Kof iwas suioeded on the stool by-Nan.a 2tta, a broth.er of Bawua Kofi.Nana'fÄtt,- was succoeded on tho stool by Nana Kwabena, 1-champon-,i- hisnephew. Ec wantlu to tho YIaa _?.san'towa-*,ýr ;,- . NuTna Kwabona 1cham-pong was succeeded by Hns. nENaben Pok, royal of thé åitool. Hemwasdestoolod. iwbnaPkwas succeeded on. the stool -by Y.wa si Kive, He was dostooled. He was .also -aroyal of the sto ol.'Kwa s iw as succ eéded on thoö stooi by Iwkus Ui whio was onstooled in. 1925,i.ce. af ter tho r'äpatriation of King PrompehlJ. j- 'o is the present occupant ofthe ätool.CHIEPS OF THIE IMW?13E STOOLIst. Chief Nana Bawua- Nsafo2nd ** Ba~ti Kwvabena3rd.. * " Bawii Kofi4th. * Lddo.5th. * " Kwabena cxhamnpong6th. * l Kwabena Poku(Destooled)7th. 1? Kwas i Kive(Dästooled)-8th. * " Kwaben,-- Kusi(The Present Chief)

Classification:Inforrnants;Drate:Sujet:-l.; a01c* no. ýs FigNaria Kt1antv7i Barima II, Adansehene Baff our Mkore II , Krontihene ofAd~anse Baff our Mnereku, G~yaschene of' -ianse Talky Mensab II,Kyi&omnhene if danse Kyearne Ya,-, Ta-wah Kyeame FosuJ. Agyernan-Duah1Ist M.ay 1963A-.-se Paramount Stool H~ istorInstitute of' African Studies. University of G.hana,Le.g on.October, 1963

The Adans ,hene is one of the " istin,;uished paraijiout chiefs of theAshantination. He owes direct allegiance to the Golden 3tool, the palladium ofthePshanti nation. The Aidansehene sears to the Asantehene v ith the iDpomponsuoSword of the Asantehene, w7hich is used by chiefs of high rank of the componentparts of Ashanti territory when taking the Oath of Allegiance before the occupantof the Golden Stool.The Adanse stool is a bead stool and of matrilineal descent. It belongsto theEkuona clan or Abosua. The Adansehene belongs to the territorial division of thenation which is the right ving division of the Ashanti king.The ancestor of this Adanse stool is said to have 1been Ntiako Akatakyei who iss'ai to have come from the ,":ounl (an authocthone), at a opLace called Lmenamenamro, about Imiles from the present-a:e- of Fomena, thecapital of thepresent Adanse District. .:cJn the reign of this ancestor . Ntiako Akatokyei, theruler of the present Kumasi. area, thell knovr as. Kvramang, was Kobia Aranfi.Gold dust 'Nnabuo), it -is said, was the coinage of the people of Adanse.According to traditional sources, Adanse bectrs this -namebecause it was the first part of Akan country 7here s;7ish. housesuere built.During the time of the reign of this ancestor no war wias fought in Adanse land.This chief was succeeded on the stool by Wurade Basa who was *. nepie.7 ofNana Ntiako Akatakyei. It is learned from other- sources that Adaise -.:as the firstseat of the Akan nation. According to tradition, God first began the creation of theviorld here. They :ere the ov- st enlightened tribe among the t-i nat-in from ;I'homothers acouired knou-le.ge and twisdom. ,urade .3as_. es- iabishe1 his pove,rover the other ii,. igFnts. He was r very 7'o-erf.ul ruler anE the first Akan ruler tointroduce the system of a chief spe-ak41n through a linguist or an kyeame,w:7hioh is a sign qf, .custqfnary nobility; previous to this anyone aould speak to achief directly iithout compunction. kurade Basa became a ruling] monarch.' overthe Akan: -eoole including the -enkyira state. At this time the Leansehene aSs theruling factor or he-d of the five recognised Se)!.rate conimunities ,,ithin the 4<angroup, namely- Adans e," Lye , "'sen, Denkyfra r;..--s e (It issaid that at this tiueDenkyir, As n-., tAk1im and A sante vere individual states -ithinthe Adanseboundary. The Adansehene was claimed to be the supreme head.)

- 2AvureLde, Basr who wrtå'the ruler "-moiig, the se Åkan jir,,ups, 7a8 the f irst^ýkan 'hie f .to gntroÉtuce the syste.É of speaking, thirough å 11inguist, and the,first linguist throu.,-l- -, ose abilitie s. this chief -åiiidd povwer ;'as Åhupunf n a.It is lerned frorä other souroes that s in 66 uh eAarpox7er r7&.s gCined through enlighte-(-Lient anå the f ame of'ý the ir fetish Boanat 4a'ok-vere, and lný.t b.-5 war, it did not, last very long, i),7theyD7r ao1uee nkyy te sDuring the reign of Uana a;,rnsehenie. tiurade Basä'&,-"th&e A.anses.fought tlweDenkcylrahene, Nana Moron ofe, the l'atter.. vas viotoriou3. Consecjuer.tl,., theDenkyireahene becarie the ruling faotor. It isc1re through docurment,-.r souroesthat at this tioe the. Denkyir'ýs were confined i the Aps area to ti smallcompass

*of land, but býy. thv';oir ere respeoted m-id honouxed by all the neighjbäuringnations, all of thern w7r e taught to fe_--rýrthe DenkyirPs. o-xcept the Asarit esand Akims. J.Their tributary. countrie's weare then Wasa, Enkase,,a~ Tshuforo.iThey.be came ri.rh and 1.-o7erful!.through trae and*pJ.under., ,.n,, by the ir vervarro!7ande werio; consider-ed conterättible f ortunc. hunte:s -uh o tre :tc1dot'herf..nations -ith toontempt, who, - their opi1IA ; era IT!eiy slaves. They ,-ierc-dsie j ~hsattreIt is Said that k iC'., DenLkyeraheiie, wsucceeded onfl thne s-too! Puin<, this oentury by Boa. Aimponsem wjhen -ýojurade 'DSasa ;'t"-,e Adansehwne -.as the ruler ý6ver 'the Akan onriunitie s.In his capaoct -.s overlord o-f the coi:uhiity;Äi~aBasa, the, ilansel-ene, sent Apec. Brenya, a. prýince- (his owln son).. to Bo.AmIponseä,' the. Denkyirahene, to. o 6lle*et ttibute xnoney i.e. "'Mprendv:-.anApim åsia BuD Apim" *1CT 6s. x 1000) from the Denkyera people.It. is, sai& th at on the uay to, Denkyera, possiblyat Abankasiesu., one of -the,-messengersacoompanan Atåa'; Brenya fellintosa'trnöe when he sav a certe.in beautiful w.qr.arn ,-hose youth,' health andinnocence éý,-ereý tkahsfoirmed&kby a compleXion se . transpajrent.. Thiobeautiful. wpmån, ±s. said bå h -,e be -n th ieof Denirae s IKreontihene.This i"om;ý,rn ra called Abora, and it is..said. that she :.as* the most beåutiful '-ocman that ever 14vpd. The fflässenoer sav~. her xihile she wa,?s vashing clothesin a stream, and he had the audacity -X -ý,vluting her and wrent asfar as touchingthe Ägrre- beads she -va- --erring nround her waist. Some

- 3passers-by noticed this incjdcnt and reported it to the Denkyirahene. The messenger -i.'as iiimediately arre ste d by ,.the Denkyirahene police.. Appiah Brenyathe Adanseh,,ne' s son vas questioned about his mission on Denkyi.Iene' s soil.Appiah Brenyah as mentione~l earlier,-sP prince. He' vrpe a long. beard,' an. afterquestionLg vhich Tro,.b.y took 'place atthe Denkcyr,;henel s traditional cnu < i,his beard was out off, and his colleagues sent back to report -to his father that theDenkyiras had rebellid asainst him. Tradition has it that the cutting off of 2 lon:;beard is a sign of rebellion. Thus, the DenkyiraIrhne and his peoplerefused topay..the sri.V tribute a:,T]. the ,.,essen;ers were sent home. Thismatte-c .;sreporte to the dan.sehene, and 7ar ensued. The A.ansehene -es tot-ally defeate..Jby the Denkyirahene, Boa Amponsem. After this -?ar the Denkyeras did notenslave th.e Adanses, but they becaie inLe-endant. The Denkyiras became c verystron, i under Boa .Apusem. Besides the l-daises they i Jefea3.J "? E:i, , ....It is said that in the reign of the 4dansehene,Avirade Basa, he follo-,ing now independant states rere located in the Adansearea:1. Mam-pong at -,'donse ;&hensan2. Kumauu at Adanse jidok..ai3. Nsuta at Abed-iai4. Nzoranza at Kyeabuaso

5. Gyaraan at MmhemeCuamu6. AkyeL or Akim at Kokobiante- the reigning 'chie Lof Akim people "Tas 11sumanim)7.- Asen F.0t Ansa (the rei.nin-, chi. of the -,;enpec-le .7as Minta 'ibu)8. Asin Atanqasu at -,se 'T-. a-±t",(the -'-i: "chief of Akim .. eple wa- Otibu9. Denkyira at °i'-c. --LNana Amorase. Basa it is sai.- vas - ivcceededl Anthe.Stool by his nethe- NanA Bonsre-in the reign of 3oitehene Nana Osei Tutu. I.t. ;aainthe.eign of !his powerful rulr:..:e. that the Adanses formed an ?..lliance --ith thekin.;.. to combat the Denkyira king. -;ho was colsidered a me.nace,;to. the.comnuuViity. So the Adanses it is said..xent on. the ,side of kirg Osei Tutu whowas considered as a hero qnd full of vitality. The Denkvira king Ntim Gyakariwas totally defeated, captured and beheaded. by the Ashantis. Afterthis 17,1r theskin around .z the testicles of...thi.s Denkyira king was sent to Adanse as asymbolic sign of the defeat of the Denkyiras,

- 4As stated the Adansehene .s reognised1 a19 g, uperior chief prior to the Ccefeat ofiW-Je 2, a f, B,;a AÄrown3:. He had even fousht w.-ith Asin and akii- pe,:ýp1e,but -,as cle'f-eitt-d by the Denkyiras.- So ;ruter the defeat of.the De nkyir as bythe Ashan-t§s, iirii'he.reign of Äýsante-he'n3, !Ciir Ose-I Tutu, the landsoöcupie(Y by-tiie fors -Äing cniefs,. narely xfl Akim and Derikyira&p v7e 'Avpif-c t,,- the dne.ob tIAsantehene as'a åign'of'joocl,,iil1l and ,-ratituaqde.ljana Bonsra vias succéedeJ. 'mthe st41ocl by. Namn tJbu . Tenteng, his brother,iiý the reign o)f As ý.n-teenc Nna .. k Yfar2. This chief !*Cbu Tenterig, it is~ said, -.:as tbhe:-ýirs-t tradition al arcitecturä,-, dé si-ner of the --shexnti na-tion. ile-,-as the first ghief to e iý treC; iLnal buildings in.. the annals of.-shgxtJ itoyNana Abu Tenteng- vas succoeded on the stool by Nana Kuarteng,. hie b'oother inthe reiPi of åsariÉe1-hene, Nana Osei Piae he -rei;t fightin,- km;' ~;o fcm,-:ht inle bro.nd daylight. ..Nana Xmtn -a succeedel17 on the stol by INane. Nsaa,Budani in the reign of Alsantehiene, Nana Ose-L .areNana Nsaa Bul,"an vas succe6,ed on the stool by Nana Ts-emase Abens, hisnephe-,-, some7here in tha reig;n of Asantehene PJana Osei BonsuPanyin, aliasNan11. Osei Tutu Kvarne.Nana Dvernase klbong -,7s sucoceele.I gn tht;J. by 3Jcmva Kwciav A4ntu:iBarima. Ile --.as oj tl' s-cal i;i the rei,;:: of Aäantehene Nann, Osel. kw.É Y-This 1sfJý,-r -.-e:) ; -.0; .Akataxnansu Jar and fought v;r-rbrave ly. This ur X1 at Alatamansu, is*said t,- \mrc v,ý 37 e of fic3rce i:i< and one of the deadliest.This chief' returneulhoi unscathed.It is also said that it vlaå in the reign of this.Adansehiene, Nana Kvarteng An~iBeSrim a .é the Asm~tehone Nana Osei Yaw koto tuaged war a3ainät, l.heDodie saail-,oherie Aclu Panyin in Ashanlti. The Adänseheie, Iäa~a' klt- 1- Bai

joined the Asaniteheieý and .helped a grpoat deal. in~ oombating this chief wihovas bukistin-;.This chief sjas totall. 3lefeatedl arti beheailéd.. .4Jf terthis var, another interna). Ymr åns.ued, lpf.ieer the, Asan-"elieneand Ofoasehene,mea2ui i~te~ i-jIckim district.

- 5This Ofoase chief was defeated and beheaded alive. It issaid that the Oteres(,hene,Fosu Klabi, no d,.ub 5 the chief of Fosu was beseiged by the Ashantis, mid wasalso. Aefeated and beheade,. alive.* The -.ansehene, ihna Kwaw, An- ti a tookparL in these ..ar i, s.ing, :-ihji the Golden stook. Fror.: Fosu, it issa ', the Ashay-uis .....,d another vr a-:ainst the Kioi chief, Pobiri Asumani. This Kibi chief wastefeated by the Ashantis4Nana Antwi Barirna was succeeded )n the stool by 'lanaObeng Adu Asare in the reign of isantehene, !ana Kofi Karkari.Nana Obeng Adu -tsare was succeeded on the stool byNana Nkansa Oduvaq in the reign of the same j.santehene, Nana KofiKarikari.Nana iansa Oduam -.as succeeded on the stool by -ana Kwabena from1902 to1931. Though a royal of the stol, he was enstooled by the British ir.perialists in1902; and not by the kingmakers of the stool.Fror 1932 to 17th July, 1962, there were severalintermittent destoolments in the state of A'.axse. However, since the occupants ofthe Adanse stool aid not die a hero' s death, the present chief ... ;"ers categoriea'-st-2-that it is against the .lite _t,:t' s tradition t ...-"ntio .:. their names because theirstools were not blackened, hence they were not recognised as chiefs.The present occupant of the Adanse stool is Nana Kwant7i Barima II.NOTE: The S~nbol of Adanse StateThe sy. bo of the A,danse State is Mfenapa Afralc::a which is given a highrecognition by the members of the Adanse state and it is an overt manifestation ofthe fct that the idanses -.ere a unitl, ipeople or nation in the prehistoric tiies oi' the-.shantV nation.The Adlansehene therefore, objectively states that asaying by some section of the comanity that the Adanses were not united, butwere a sort of raiscellaneous Sroup which allegory the jlansehenestates is foundin Dr. K. A, Busia' s book entitled "Ashanti is incorrect

and..ru st. re ctifie d bx.Yt&'ia~sh avorsthat the're ås a siying&I., anr s.:i, saction :f '-e oor±munity that iiý r.iise Ä.DktocaObia ane Bonniu, .,which is a si,_nif.icant f'actor that the VcIansesveec9)nstituted of' individxial st'stes or Groups. but this sort of thre 'ion,he -insehene saysis tJrcng, aunc has --.o baari:i,j on the symnbol. of thne x~ri nation.;,!,ich is ajustificý,-ý.un -X -f the f'act atciThe 11LPn, ,hene further corwentued that it is a faJlsif'ication of' f'otuni. history 'rcii, .one t, s1luyl e o sJanscs i-n such a manner. i3ecause from tii,te the: orinI, the

(Van3es have been united under 9,ne s3mbolical oCjot knoajn as "lMf'enapaAfra:kwa'-.

- 7-C1IITS OF TH-E R~MUTSTOOL OF1 ADAN'SEI st chief Nan-a Ntiako Aka,.ttkYe42nd chief Näna Awurade IBasa3rd chief Nana Bonsra)gth. chief Nana Abu Teriten:;5th chief Nana Kvarteng6th chief Nis,-a Buran7th chief Nana Evernase Abc-ng8 th ol LLO f Na.na K of i .kapr aku9 th chief Kviav Anti BarinalOth chief Nana Oben3l ldu11ith chief Nkansa Ociuam1 th chief Kxiantv~i Barirna II(the present Paramount chief of A&anse state)

Clasiffcatin: AS aloo no. AS gotnf'orrajit: ei Nsiahj Abontendomhene offObuokr omReog~:J- "'gYemari-Dirah 17th July 1963Stibjeot:OBUOKR1i. STOOL -STO'"RYInistitute of African Sturaies,. University of Ghana# LegonoNovember, 1903-Date:Classifioation:Lnf ormaht:Recorded bv:

The Obuokromhene belongs to the Gyase division of the king. He owes directal1,e,;iance to the G-olden st,',ol and Swears to the Asantehene writh theMponponsuo S,-ord. The Obuokromhene is one of the orii-inal' fjun& tionmemb'er-chiefs of the Kumasi state -.hen 1uniasi was then kn: :n - Kwarianj.The Obuokrom stool is one of matrilineal, desoent ant "has a family stool (abusua Dwa). The clossificatorv system or Abusua to uhichthis stool belongs -is the Ekuona clan.It is said that on the arrival of Tafohene, Obuokromhene--as resident in the Kumasi Area then known as u:amang, Literallyspeaking theTafohene came to meet the Obuokromhene.The first Obuokromhene is said to have been AdJei FriTete. This chief hed his own ancestral stool.

Adjei Fri Tete ;as succeeded on the sti: ol by his brother Kwaata Ayebuafo. Thischief, it is. said, *fought ;7ith Kihrq Obiri Yeboah _ith shield. ...d but was totallyby King Yeboah. So at a: I a 6e . ote he joined t I:in; in waging war a;J i .t !Ae'Dormarihene ct 3untresu King Obiri Yeboah w)as of course edefeated by theDormaz at Suntresu.Nana K;wadta-.*'yebuafo !wwas succeeded, on the .stcol by A-ya Kame -Abu inthe. reign of .s,-Ltehene -I iana Osei Tutu. He went to the Dorma Warfought inthe reibgn of King Osei Tutu in which the Dormas were totally defeated atiAbesim-anc. Dorma Kusi the Commaner-in-Chief of the Dorma Infantry -rra ycaptured and decapitated. He also went to the Defkyira War in which NtimGyakari the Denkyirahene ,,D3 .efeated and beheaded by the Ashantis.Chief Kwame ibu was succeeded on the stool by KuTaku lboadu a royal of thestool in the reign of Asantehene king, Opoku Ware. He went to the Tak **man -arin vhich Ameyaw Kwakye the Tekyimanhene .was defeated and decapitated b-.the Ashantis. He ve:'t to the Cyarnan Wax in which Abo Kofi the G-yaman chiefwas defeated and beheaded by the Ashantis. He also w,;ent to the Akim ^kWar iththe King in w-hich Abirimaoro the Sef ,i chief took reven e on Kumasi town andother villages of Ashanti whilst the hing ::s in the battlefield..Chief Kwaku Aboade was succeeded on the stool by Y-aEwBoateng a royal of the stool, in the reign of 'Asantehone 0sei. Kwadwo the greatfighting kin.,--;., who fought in broaa .Lih" , -

-2ile T..ent to .thå Bånda -.7.-x -Y?-loh Tåorasåa the chief.of Bandå* viascaptuzréd Pn% ea&e by '111 tsh eis This viar i1-t Is said -,ias. 6,e of fierce fijllting. .Chief.,y Bongn *I as als*,)-on the stool. i- the reign ofAsanHeh i.,JýtV ;Ponthe;' 'H'nti pr at n riabu with the~.king Éé fjkin:-ifo'riise1f uh rdiiraapellatiun -ör titlåéýof onsu, Destroyer of the:Sea, for bi2 the first Asantehene to3.ao e.Stt iod [into th-e seaas a sign of viotory or~ h Fantis. il e also ',-rent to.the G-yarian .7ar i- whioh Ad.irikra the G.yaman chief Uvs featåd and beheaded.by the- Ashant*sArter« the r*eiCn of in cief 'Tew Bonteng, the 0buokrom. stool, became vacantfora consiclerable leng-th of tir.åe. Almost all the residents ancl kinjmakers tyf thestool Urd lef t an e .15.iigrimage to the .coastline s othere -. as *noéholJöe for thestdol. The stool §. therefore lett open durL-v- Vhe reign of- AJkåi.teher.3 OseiYa. Å~koto. The stool ;s also vacant in the reighs of Aspnteh(l'ie va-naJ'Lgyeman alias vaTna 7c0 Duah I, Åsantehene T-Tana ~:ofi 1arkari andJksantIeliene Vana hensah Busu.it is said that it ras -.jt af ter the Mkor,-nza Y:-ar f~$ in the fi.rst part rof 'thore'ign of King~0 Prem eh I that Ofori Yaw a royal of the, stöi 7vho hiad b-eenr._sidtnt on te~at line but had then,;;.omeS1cme -!as ensto)oled: assuch.Ofori'1,"U was on the stool .duri~~ the ,--:,a~n te-v-a 7,ar to-, 1900. Ine .te.nt

on the side 'Dr Aban D-AQJ.ol'2en. 'tool). t is said that King Prempeh-I _-ai.ie to-.,ået Ihrir on the. stodi -7.fter hIis re-patriatioij fro:. iecosIiand Li 19241..-;Osci Ya_-.,as succec-cli3d 'r the. stoolby ijjee iir,-, in the second part of .there±s;J Prin rernpehb .41eabdiceated-of }iis-OYh accord..%Å,.a]h)na ien, vas not te. trueroyal of the gtöolbut v.-as å-åVixitéd on the~stocSl by -the executive instrument of :-the kin.;.:,Ytaena-Aim was succe&,,ed. on the SIýool å~K~ samoah a true de scendårt of,tbce st(,lån the reign of this.'pre sent Monarch Si' n,1A~eåhrr~1oI of i Ä samo ah vs destool'ylfor mal-administration...Kjof i,,åamoah-ý å,~s svlcoee?16CI on the stoolby- Yar B'akye inthe reign,*-fthis: present kin. 7se -ias 2L son of the sktool, and ITas thus ens ' 'lýed becausethere Jas no ripe royal for the stool. ile dieci äfrter -three months reign.

- 3Yaw Boakye w!as succeeded on the stool by YawGyimah II a nephev- of the stool in the reign of the present Monarch, Sir OseiAgyeman Prempeh II. he has been. e-t4ed for mal-administrationand the stool isat present :.vacantq'Note:It is said Obuokromhene he on a river side was Aketekyere.that rhen the Tafohene came to meet the gave him a place or spot in question is;;known as Toa. The Tafohene at the time"b. It is'also, the ancient belief that die Creator or Odomankoma cameto mdet1jei Fri Tete as resident on'the Obuokrom area. Obuokrom as such was. namedafter the .Qarry Grove. Obuokrom was in existence before the pre-naming ofKumasi as Kviamang. The Queen mother of Obuokrom at th"at time wasNterewaah. This Qu4en :Fother is said to have beenof a masculine character.C. Obuokrom is about 3 miles from the seat of Kumasi.

CHIÉF-gr,Ø3"ý.'OBUM01 -STOOLIst chief 2nd c-hief 3ra chief4th chief 5-th"chieif -6 tý - chieÉ 7th chief 8th,'"dhýef -gth ohief I OthchiefNana kdjei Fri Te-ýe ...~a K,7aata Ayel)uafo Nana AWa Kviarne Abu Nana ý'5--4jaku kboade Nan;t..-Yaw' ]ý.octsngNana Ofori YavNana Kvi abe na Anim Kofi Asamoah Nana Ya,.7.:Boak lyeNana; Yw,1 GyLrah (destooled),l.1A.

Classification.Informants:,-;a:Puor Boakkye yo.r.,,=. BampanclsehcneBnaarlu.Chiof 1?ýýadwo Nkrumal.1 of B,ýýmpannseBacamu.Chief Osei of Kw-,),dwo Odwc of Banpanase'-BaamUDate:

RecordedJ. Agyeman-DuahSubject:BAAMU STOOL HISTORYInstitute of Studies?University of Ghana. Legon.Oetober 1963.C Q*no.

BI.TU 'STOOL HISTORYThe occupant of this stool owes direct allegiance to the Golden Stool of Ashanti.He swears to the Asantehene with the Mponponsuo sword. He is independent endbelongs to no division at the King's courtyard. He can contact the King for aparley or consultation as the occasion dema.nds. He can see the" Asentehenewithout passing through a linguist.The Baamu Stool is one of patrilineal descent 2nd is also one of limited scnpe inthat it is a stool for the King's servants. The appointment to this stoolis by right ofthe king based on paternal descent.Bamnpanase-Baamu, unlike Bantama-Baamu or mauseleum, is the sacred placewhere the blackened or smoked stools of the heroic kings of Ashanti are kept.Heroic kings in this sense refers to the kings who died on the Golden Stool intheir term of office.Traditionally, Bampanase is referred to as the original place of residence of KingOsei Tutu, the founder of the Ashanti nation, and the first Asantehene. This stoolhouse of the king is said to have been built under the auspices of KingOsei Tutu.It was the King's permanent plaqe of abode. It can be found at present in an areain Kumasi, traditionally known as the place of the canons (Upremoso).This is anarea on the Prempeh II High Street in Kumasi, behind the Glamour Stores, oaid asymbolical Mauseleum which iS at present adjacent to the presentAdontenhene'spalace.The first chief of this stool is said to have been Nana Kwarteng whowas a servantat the courtyard of King Osei Tutu. Kwarteng was a faithful servant of the king.SThe Baamuhene oes5 no-; tale the field in war, but alwaysresides at the king's mauseleum. The Baamuhene is a very heroic chief and hischaracteristic bravery is tested when he shows no fear at the appearance ofancestral ghosts who call at sacred' places a- most unexpected moents. TheBaamuhene must, in fact, be a medicine Ean with extraordinary 7qualifications.As ancestral worship professes its own religion, the Baamuhene must carry outhis role during the enstoolment ceremony of the IAsantehene-blect. Inaccordance with the nation's legal constitution, this ceremony must be carried outat Bampanase.

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Bafuor Kwarteng was sicceeded on the stool by Bafuor Odu in the reign ofA.santehene, Opoku Ware katakyei. Oduro was a stool dependent ntthe kingiscourtyard n.nd proved to be such a capable servant that he was offered the stool.Bafuor Oduro was succeeded on the stool by BafuorOwusu Gyabum in the reign of king Opoku Ware. le was also, a servant at theking's court.Bafuor Owusu Gyabum was succeeded on the stool byBafuor Osei Yaw in the reign of Asantehene, Osei Kwadwo, the greatfightingking who fought in the broad daylight..Osei Yaw was succeeded on the stool by Kyerepon in the reign of AsanteheneNana Osei Kwame. Kyerepon was on the stool in the reign of Nana Osei Asebe,alias Nana Bonsu Panyin, Asantehene.Bafuor Kyempon was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Ohemin Awere in thereign of the same king, Nana Bonsu Panyin. He was a servant at the King's courtand was appointed to the stool by the king's own executive body.Bafuor Ohemin "..were was succeeded on the stool by'Bafuor Fosu in the reign of A.santehene Nana Osei Yaw Akoto.He was also on the stool in the reign of 4.santehene, Nana Agyeman,alias NanaKwaku Duah I. Bafuor Fosu became'a very old man on the stool and served Nana1gyeman Duah, alias King Prempeh I in the first part of his reign before his exileto the Seychelles Island.Bofu9r Fosu was succeeded on the stool by BafuorKwaku -.gyerian, alias Gyar,o in the first part of the reign of the same kingPrempeh I. He was on the stool after the repatriation of king Prempeh I froniieych60los Island in1 924.Bafuor Kwaku Agyenan was succeeded on the stool by 0hemin Ababi6 in thereign of this present king, Sir'sei'Agyeman Prempeh II. H e was destooled for mismanagement.Ohemin Pbabio has been succeeded by the present Baamuhene, Bafuor EoakyeAgyeman.

-3-Duties of BaamuheneIt is said T hat in the old days the Asantehene sentthe following artc2_6s to the Baamuhene on Brd Days (Dabone)i.e. Akwasedoene and Awukudae for the pouring of libation:a, 8 live sheep.b. one case gin.It is said that in the old days the king went to theBampanase-Baamu himself on such ceremonial occasions to see to itthat thenecessary ceremonies i, ore performed.But the custom at present is tha-t the following number ofarticles are sent to the Baamuhene by the Asmtehene on'suchBad Days ceremonies:Akwasedae Festival

a. 3 live sheepb. '? bottles of ginC. palm wine (Brotua)Awukudae Festival:a. 2 live sheepb. 2 bottles of ginc. palm wine (brotua)This custom has changed because the king at presentdoes not go personally to the Baamu to perform sich ceremonialfunctions. On the other hand, if the king-does decide togo to Baaniu to perform these customary rites, the aforementionedcustom will be upheld.2. Even today it is Otumfuo's duty to call at the BampainaseBaamu everyTuesday to pour libation on the ances.tr6l stoolsfor the departed souls of the heroic -"shantikings and' forthe departed souls of. the heroic kings.for the smoothrunning and welfare of the state.3. It is said also that there are eight accredited ..traditional priests, attachedto the various sacred roomsin the Baamu and. each priest owes directallegiance totheGolden Stool. These traditional' priests are responsible

- 4for the indoor and outdoor ceremonies as constituted at the Baamu. The saideight priests as constituted in their" ascending order as follows:1stDriest: Theoccupant of the Bampan:se Stoo1 himself (the Bampanase-Baamuhene) isresponsible for the indoorand 'outdoor cerenr.nies of the ancestral room of King Osei Tutu.This'roon,where the ancestral stool of King Osei Tutu is kept, is called Osei TutuAbobono.2nd priest: This priest swears to the Asantehene. He is responsiblefor the indoorand outdoor ceremonies of King Opoku Ware. The priest is the occupant of YawOfosu Kumasi Ayaah stool. The room to which he is responsibleis-.Opoku Ware Abobono.3rd Driest: This priest is responsible for the outd6or and indoor ceremonies of'santehene Nana Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting king who foughtin the broaddaylight. He is the occupant of Kumasi Achampong stool. He swears totheAsantehene. The room to which he is responsible is' Nana Osei Kwame Abobono4th priest: This priest swears to the Asantehene., and is responsible for theoutdoor and indoor- ceremonies of King Opoku Fofie. He is the occupant of 2wasi Donkor stool. The room for which he is responsible is Nana OpokuFofieAbobono.5th priest: This priest swears to the Asantehene and is responsible for the outdoorand indoor ceremonies of King Osei Bonsu Panyin, alias Osei Tutu Kwame. Thepriest is the occupant of Baamu Stool The room for which he is responsible isNana Bonsu Panyin Abobono.

6th ]priest: This priest is responsible for the outdoor and indoor ceremonies ofKing Osei Yaw Ikoto. This priest is the. occupant of the Kwakyo stool. Theancestral stool room to hich ho is responsible is King Osei Yaw !Ioto,Abobono.7th Priest: This priost is responsible for' the outdoor and indoor cer&aonies mf,ing Kwaku Duah i, alias NanA Fredua uAgyeman, the least pugnacious of the!.shanti kingsi

- 5 -This priest swears to the 1Asantehene direct. He is the occupant ofAsubontengand Kwadwo Wuo stool. The ancestralstool room to which this priest is responsible is NIna n yeman Abobono.8th priest: This priest is responsible for the outdoor and indoor ceremonies ofKwaku Duah II. This priest swearsto the Asantehene. He is the occupant of Attah Yaw stool. The ancestral room towhich he is responsible is Nana Kwaku Duah II tbobono.9th priest: This priest is responsible for the outdoor and indoor ceremonies ofKing Prempeh I. This priest swears to 11santohene. He is the occupant ofKwabene Tabi stool. The ancestral stool room to which he is responsible is kingPrempeh I Aboabono.CHIEFS OF BIvUPAN 1,E-B,!.!U STOOL1st. Chief Bafuor Kwarteng2nd. : Bafuor Mano3rd. Bafuor Owusu Gyabum4th. Bafuor Osei Yaw5th. Bnfuor EKyempon6th. : Bafuor Ohemin .were7th. Bafuor Posu8th. Bafuor Kwaku Agyeman9th. Bafuor Ohemin II(destooled)10th. Bafuor Boakye 1gyeman(present chief)

Classification: Informant: Recorded h:Date:Subj ect:IAS acc. no. AS.92 Nana Kwabena Dumfeh J. Agyeman-Duah 25 July, 1963Danpoomu Stool HistoryInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.November, 1963.

The Danpoomuhene owes direct allegiance to theoccupant of the Golden Stool of Ashanti. He swears to

the Asantehene with the Ahwihwibaa Sword. This is a sword of less significanceto that of the Mponponsuo Sword. He belongs to the Gyase Division of the King.Traditionally, the Danpoomu Stool is known asDenim Stool. It is a Stool of a limited scope, thatis one for the King's household servants. It istherefore known as "Esom Dwa". The enstoQlment of thisStool is by the prerogative of the Asantehene. It isalso no royal stool.This stool of Danpoomu, is said to have been createdby Nana Bonsu Panyin alias Nania Osei Tutu Kwame on hisreturn from the Gyaman War in which Adinkra Kofi the Gyamanhene wasdefeated and beheaded by the Ashantis.The Danpoomuhene it is said is responsible for thesafe-keeping of the following valuable properties ofthe King:1. State Swrords including the Mponponsuo Sword42. Golden Guns.Golden bottles.Fais.The first Chief of this stool is said to have beenDenim who was a war captive or prisoner from Gyaman. Thisman was captured and sent to Kumasi after the Gyaman War with Adinkra inwhich the Gyaman chief was defeated anddecapitated. On his arrival at Kumasi, the King made himresponsible for the safe-keeping of some of his stoolregalia as stated and to be a direct servant or subjectof the Golden Stool. According to custom, the King it is said, created a stool forhim or to be more specific the &is King appointed him as one of~aouseholdofficials. Thusthe Danpoomahene or the Chief Watchman of the Asantehene'sRegalia Room as stated came into being in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Bonsu Panyin.It is also stated that upon his return from theGyaman War, the King first created the Anonomsa Stoolthe occupant of which is the Anonomsahene. He is the chief responsible for thetraditional drinks and thelike of the King and at a later date created the Danpoomu

- 2Stool. So tradition has it that the Danpoomuhene comes under the category ofAnonomsahene who is also a member of the Gyase Division of the King. Inthecase Danpoomuhene if he is unable to perform his duties at Kingts household as aresult of ill-health or otherwise it is the Anonomsahene who appoints somebodyto look after the said stool regalia of the King.Denim therefore was succeeded on the Stool by KofiDarko his son. The Stool thus became vacant for some time.

Kofi Darko was succeeded by Kofi Duah a son of thestool and Kofi Duah has been succeeded by Kwabena Dumfeh a grandson of thestool in the paternal sense who is the present Danpoomuhene.Chiefs of Danpoomu Stoollst Chief Chief Denim.2nd Chief Chief Kofi Darko.3rd Chief Chief Kofi Duah.hCiChief Kwabena Dumfeh.4th Chief

IAS acc. no. AS. 93Informant:Recorded by:Ya7, Duku, Nkaniesohcne of AsanteheneJ. 1Lyeman-Duah 25 ti- Jul,, 1963Date:Subject:7!1,± a-i sohou Stcol _:Iis ;x-Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.November, 1963.Clas sificatLio:

The Nianiasohouhene or chief responsible for thetraditional lighting of Asantehene Swears pith th- .hih,,ebaa suord, Traditionallythis stool is known as Soronia stool.This is a stool of pa±rL.l2.l descent and U lon ;s to the Gyase divisionof 'the ki ±e duties of tlischief are as follows:A. He is responsible for the lighting of traditional lamps orlights of the king in case there is a ceremonial function at the king' s court whennight is draving near.B. He is also responsible for the safe-keeping and handling of the traditionalChamber Pot w.hich is used by the king on such ceremonial occasionsasAcasedae or State Durbars.C. He is also responsible for the lighting of traditional lights or lamps for theking during the evening celebrations of Akviasedae festivals in which the kingwalks majectically to the inner palace after the closing session.This stool of lighting is said to have been created by Nana Bonsu Panyinin thetime of his reign. The first Chief of this stool was called Bosompem.Chief Bosompen was succeeded on the stool by Yaw Oduro.Yaw Oduro vas succeeded on the stool by Opanin Kwasi Alcyampong a grandsonof Yav Oduro.Kuasi Akyampong it is said vas succeeded by Kuasi Fofie who did not take theOath of -?_lej ance to the kin! b-,cause he was a minor but serves at theking' scourt as a stool dependant.

Kwasi Fofie has been succeeded to the stool by Yaw Duku w7ho is the presentchief.

CHIJXF Or, 2KiIX-VSOTOOLIst chief Bosompem2n8. chief Y&,7 Odur o3rd chief Opanin Krisi .J.kyarnpong'4t4 chief Kwiasi Fofie5th chief Yän, Duaku (present .chief)

IAS ace. no. AS. 94Nana Kwesi Anofe II Essienimponghene Abontendomhene Kwame Duro OpaninKwasi NyaneRecorded by:J. Agyeman-DuahDate:25th July, 1963Subject:Essienimpong Stool HistoryInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.October, 1963Clas sific ation:Informant s:

The Essienimponghene belongs to the Benkum division of the king. He owesdirect allegiance to the Golden Stool and swears to the Asantehene with theMponponsuo sword, the principal sword of the king used by Paramount Chiefs ofAshanti when taking the Oath of Allegiance to the Asantehene.It is said that Nana Yaa Anaafiwaa of the Agona Extraction who was resident atAkyena had discovered the present area of Essienimpong. Thiswoman becamehemmed in at Akyena with her relatives and left for the present areaofEssienimpong. This departure took-place in the-reign of Asantehene Nana OseiTutu. Akyena is a village of about 2 miles from the present area of Essienimpong.On the emmigration of this woman to Essienimpong she was in possession of herown ancestral stool and left for Essienimpong with it.This woman was succeeded by her senior brother Ak~ena Attawho was also of the Agona extraction. This chief went to the Denkyira war inwhich Denkyirahene Ntim Gyakari was defeated by the Ashantis.The war medicine used for conquering the Denkyiras waspiepared and crystallised at a place in the Essienimpong town called Nnoroso.This area is of significant importance in the annals of Ashanti history and caneven be found today at Essienimpong, a town of about 17 milesfom the city of

Kumasi on the right hand side of the main street of Ejisu town - a beautiful townof modern appearance.Nana Abyena Attah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Brobbey Ateban hisbrother, in the reign of Asentehene Nana Opoku: Ware Nkatakyei.This chiefwent to the. Tekyiman war fought in the reign of king Opoku Ware in whichAmeyaw K-wakye the Takyiman chief was defeated and decapitated by theAshantis. He also went to the Gyaman war in which the Gyaman chief Abo Kofiwas defeated and beheaded by the Ashantis. He also went to the Akim war withthe king in which

Abirimoro the Sefti Chief took revenge of Kumasi town and other villages inAshanti whilst the king was at the battlefield.Nana Brobey Ateban was succeeded on the stool by Agyei Twimin the reign of Asantehene Osei .Kwadwo. He was of the Agona extraction.Nana Agyei Twim was succeeded on the stool by his brother Manforumande ofthe Agona extraction in the reign of the same King Asantehene Nana seiKwadwo. the great fighting king who fought in the broad day light.Nana Manforumando was succeeded on the stool by Sefatwineboa in the reign ofAsantehene Osei Kwvame.Nana Sefatwineboa was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yamoah in the reign ofthe same king Osei Kwame.Nana Yamoah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Anokye of the Agonaextraction in the reign of Asantehene Bonsu Panyin alias Osei TutuKwame.Nana .Anokye was succeeded on the stool by Nana Bafo Aso Nnare of the Agonaextraction in the reign of this same king Bonsu Panin. This chief plotted againstthe Asantehene in a fight between the Asantehene and the Odaahene Frimponganso, siding with the Adahene.He was a sort of traitor of the state. When the Asantehene got to know ofthistreacherous act of Bafo Aso Nnare ho abolished the ascendancy of the Agonextraction of this stool and turned the stool into an Asenie extraction which ofcourse is a different clan from the Agona clan.So the Essienimpong stool is at present a stool of Aseniedescendancy. It is of course a stool of matrilineal descendant and theclassificatory system of which is the.Asenie. Nana Aso Nnarewas destooled.

Classification:Informants:IAS 'ac. no.AS. 95Nana Kofi Adonten, Adontenheneof Ashanti.Krontihene Kwame Penamang Nana Adwoa Dufie, Queen Motherof Adonten Stool.Kwasi Boateng Bamang Odikro Osei Kwaku, Boamang Odikro KwasiBoakyeMamcng Adontendonhene

Kofi Boateng, Nseniehene Amma KweRecorded_ bv:J. Agyeman-DuahDate:_qubdect:17th July, 1963STOOL HISTORY OF ADONTENInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.October 1963

The Kumasi Adontenhene belongs to the Adonten Division of the King. He is achief of high nobility of the king of Ashanti. He has more or less thestatus of aParamountChief. Traditionally-the Adontenhene of Kumasi is also known as Adontenheneof Ashanti. Among his fellow Colleagues of the Adonten Division of theking,the Adontenhene is alsoknown as the Adenten Onini. i.e. , the superior chief in the Adonten Division ofthe king.The Adonten stool is one of matrilineal descent and the classificatory system orAbusua to which this stool belongs is the "Asenie". The occupant of thisstoolowes direct allegiance to the Golden Stool of Ashanti. He swears to theAsantehene with the Mponponsuo sword, the principal sword used by Paramountchiefs in Ashanti in taking th( ,Oath of Allegiance to the occupant ofthe GoldenStool.In the military structure of the Ashanti Territorial Army the Adontenhene isknown as the Commander-in-chief in the middle of the Infantry Army. In thistype of military organisation the Adonten is the-main body of the army.It is said that in the old days Nana Adii Yeboah Kunantwi a resident at Boaman,left for Aduabin on a hunting expedition. This man Nana Adu YebbahKnantwiis said to have been an Asenie by extraction. So on arrival at Aduabin there wereno residents there, and he built a hut of his own. This area is said to have beendense think forest. After "Spending. about two weeks, at Aduabin he got back toBoaman and informed his relatives about this newdiscovery. Some members of the family took permanent residence with NanaAdu Yeboah Kunantwi:.on his return to Aduabin. Others refused to go with himbut remained at toaman. It is said that this hunter Adu Yeboah Kunantw± priorto his departure to Aduabin had'an ancestral stool of his own. But this chief didnot go to Aduabin with the ancestral stool but asked the remaining members ofthe family at Boaman to take care of the ancestral'stool. So this huntersettleddown once again with some of.'.his relatives in such a dense thick forest.Note. Boaman is about 26 miles from Kumasi. It is on the Esumeja-BekwaiRoad.Eduahin is about 14 mile's from Boaman in the middle of Esumeja Bekwai tovm.

Adu Yeboah Kunantiwi it is said was named by the passing travellers as being aman of extraordinary bravery to settle in such dense thick forest andthus cameabout the name Aduabin

-'2 -meaning Adu the brave man. So Adu automatically became the first chief of thisarea in question as Aduabinhene.Nana Adu Yeboah Kunantwi was succeeded. on the stool by Nana Aduonin Pim,his brother. This question of succession took place at Ae abin. At this time NanaAduonin Pim wasan independent Qief without ary annexeur to the present, Kumasi state.It is said thtt it-was in the. reign of Ndna Aduonin Pim that Ad iabii- b'ecameincorporated into Kumasi State. It Ias during .the offjg'e ef Nana Aduonin Pimthat Okomfo Anokye arrived with Wana Osei Tutu from Akwanu to occupy thevacant stool of his gvnd-uncle, Nana 0biri Yeboah. At this time Nana Aduonj(nPin was an independent chief resident at Aduabin.It so 4appe'..ed that when the Ashntis wefe about towage war against the DenI.yiras, Okomfo An6kye threw a searc.ingquastion tothe would-be Ashanti nation, "Who will b abe.. to fight with the fairies or ghosts?'.Adontin Pim, the Adontenhene-to-be of Kumasi who is traditionally known as.the Adonten of Ashawti who was then known as Aduabinhene: then resident at,Advuabin resp*onded to this request of O.kIozo Anokye. He said he' vadld fightw~ith the fairies .r ghosts' with alacrity. The Ghosts 7ar it is said was-foughtbef're the Dormaa J/ar at Suntresu to which Dorma Kusi was defeated anddecapitatejd at Abesim by the Kumasi 'Dvision Infantry Army.The Ghosts' YTar, it is said, was caused by the Ju~benheneand the Adontenhene of Kumasi, then known as Aduab-inhene who negotiatedwith his brothers kniown as "Aseniefo" for'.this war. The. Aseniefo or Aseniegroup which he consulted about' t&e war were as follows:1. Amakomhene -Afkosa Yiadom2. Akyawkramhene - Tutu Anpim3. Antoahene - Sakodie DateHe further negotiatedl with five Ekuona Chiefs, namelyAsamanghene, Asansohene, Lbenkyinhene, Aboasohene and Ayaasehene. Thewar with the fairies was fought around the area of the present Obogu in theAshanti Akim District. This war was one of fierce fighting. The Adontenhenethen known as Aduabinhene who acted as commander-in-chief in this war wasvictorious. Because the L..duabinhene was victorious in thiswar, a traditional horn, "MaLsemase Mawo", was given to him

by King Osei Tutu after consultation with his confidant and spiritual adviser,Okomfo. A49kyeo' for having fulfilled his promise : The war' withfairies it issaid was one of a marvellous event because nothing was seen at thespot inquestion bythe Adontenhene and his colleagues only gun shots and noise were heard. Soafter considerable fighting, the Adontenhene and colleagues having bravely

fought these fairies, took to their heels. So this war was named as such, becauseit was one of miracle and apprehension.So the Adontenhene Aduonin Pim and his brothers defeated the fairies andcaptured them.At a later date Okomf o Anokye who is known in high traditional circlesasOkomfo Kokoo, predicted that the. next war to be waged by the nation was thatagainst the' Dormas. So Chief Aduonin Pim went to this war, fought atSuntresuwith the Dormas, where we have the present Kumasi Statue buildings inwhichDorma Kusi, the Commander-in-ch ief, of the Dorma Infantry Army was defeatedand decapitated'at Abesim. After this war Okomfo IAokye, ordered the creationof the Adonten Division for King Qsei Tutu.In Akan military organisation, the Adonten is supposedto be the main body of the army which includes the Krontihene.In Ashanti, the Adontehnene of Kumasi is regarded. as the Adontehnene ofAshanti. He has the status of'a paramount chief. -He is regarded asa grade Ichief. He seldom removes his sandals even when exchanging greetings with theAsantehene or calling on the Asantehene for customary salutations.It is believedthat an infringement of this custom will bring famine to the nation. Eventodayany Adontenhene who violates this custom will be customarily arrested andseverely dealt with by the Asantehene.After this war also Okomfo Anokye created the following Poduo stools:-Bantama, Adonten, Antoa and Bantama-Baamu. The Poduo stools are of highsignificance and at the same time are regarded as principal stoolsin Ashanti.They are stools of a supernatural significance.Nana Aduonin Pim went to the Denkyira War, where Ntim Gyakari theDenkyerahene, was defeated at Fehyiase.Nana Aduonin Pim was succeeded on the stool by NanaBoakye Dank-wa, his nephew, in the reign of Asantehene Nana

Classifioation :Informant :Nana Atta KwasiRecorded by :J. Agyeman-DuahDate :11th October, 1963Subject ;ABENASE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.November, 1963IAS ace* no,As 96

The Essienimponghene belongs to the Benkum division of the king. He owesdirect allegiance to the Golden Stool and swears to the Asantehene with theMponponsuo sword, the principal sword of the king used by Paramount Chiefs ofAshanti when taking theOath of Allegiance to the Asantehene.It is said that Nana Yaa Anaafiwaa of the Agona Extraction who was resident atAkyena had discovered the present area of Essienimpong. Thiswoman becamehemmed in at Akyena with her relatives and left for the present areaofEssienimpong. This departure took place in the reign of Asantehene Nana OseiTutu. AIyena is a village of about 2j miles from the present area of Essienimpong.On the emmigration of this woman to Essienimpong she was in possession of herown ancestral stool and left for Essienimpong with it.This woman was succeeded by her senior brother Akyena Attawho was also of the Agona extraction. This chief went to the Den1yira war inwhich Denkyirahene Ntim Gyakari was defeated by the Ashantis.The war medicine used for conquering the Denkyiras wasprepared and crystallised at a place in the Essienimpong town called Nnoroso.This area is of significant importance in he annals of Ashanti history and can evenbe found today at Essienimpong$ a town of about 17 milesfrom the city ofKumasi on the right hand side of the main street of Ejisu town - a beautiful townof modern appearance.Nana Abyena Attah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Brobbey Ateban hisbrother, in the reign of Asantehene Nana Opoku 7are Nkatakyei. This chief wentto the. Tekyiman war fought in the reign of ,.king Opoku Ware in whichAmeyawKwakye the Takyiman chief was defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis. Healso went to the Gyaman war in which the Gyaman chief Abo Kofi was defeatedand beheaded by the Ashantis. He also went to the Akim war with the king inwhich

Abirimoro the. Sefwi Chief took revenge of Kumasi town and other villages inAshanti whilst the king was at the battlefield.Nana Brobey Ateban was succeeded on the stool by Agyei Twimin the reign of Asantehene Osei .Kwadwo. He was of the Agona extraction.Nana Agyei Twim was succeeded on the stool by his brother Ianforumande of theAgona extraction in the reign of the same King Asantehene Nana OseiKwadwothe great fghting king who fought in the broad day light.Nana Manforumando was succeeded on the stool by Sefatwineboa in the reign ofAsantehene Osei Kwame.Nana Sefatwineboa was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yamoah in the reign ofthe same king Osei Kwame.Nana Yamoah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Anokye of the Agonaextraction in the reign of Asantehene Bonsu Panyin alias Osei TutuKwame.Nana 'Anokye was succeeded on the stool by Nana Bafo Aso Nnareof the Agonaextraction in the reign of this same king Bonsu Panin. This chief plotted againstthe Asantehene in a fight between the Asantehene .and the 0daahene impongManso, siding with the Adahene. He wasa sort of traitor of the state.When the

Aiantehene got to know of this treacherous act of Bafo Aso Nnare h abolished theascendancy of the Agon extraction of this stool and turned the stool into anAsenie extraction which of course is a different clan from the Agona olan.So the Essienimpong stool is at present a stool or Aseniedesoendancy. It is of course a stool of matrilineal descendant andtheclassificatory system of which is the Asenie. Nana Aso Nnare was destooled.

Classification:Nana Kofi Adonten, Adontenheneof Ashanti.Krontihene Kwame Penamang Nana Adwoa Dufie, Queen Motherof Adonten Stool.Kwasi Boateng Bamang Odikro Osei Kwaku, Boamang Odikro KwasiBoakyeMamcng Adontendonhene Kofi Boateng, Nseniehene Amma KweRecordedbyJ. Agyeman-Duah17th July, 1963Squb ject:STOOL HISTORY OF ADONTENInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.October 1963Informants:LIS ace.AS. 95no,

The Kumasi Adontenhene belongs to the Adonten Division of the King. He is achief of high nobility of the king of Ashanti. He has more or less thestatus of aParamountChief. Traditionally the Adontenhene of Kumasi is also known as Adontenheneof Ashanti. Among his fellow Colleagues of the Adonten Division of the king,the Adontenhene is alsoknown as the Adenten Onini i.e., the superior chief in the Adonten Division of theking.The Adonten stool is one of matrilineal descent and the classificatory system orAbusua to which this stool belongs is the "Asenie". The occupant of thisstoolowes direct allegiance to the Golden Stool of Ashanti. He swears to theAsantehene with the Mponponsuo sword, the principal swordused by Paramount chiefs in Ashanti in taking the ,Oath of Allegiance to theoccupant of the Golden Stool.In the military structure of the Ashanti Territo'rial Army the Adontenhene isknown as the Commander-in-chief in the middle of the Infantry Army. In thistype of military organisation the Adonten is the-main body of the army.It is said that in the old days Nana Adii Yeboah Kunantwi a resident at Boaman,left for Aduabin on a

hunting expedition. This man Nana Adu Yebbah Kna~ntwi is said to have beenan Asenie by extraction.* So on arrivalat Aduabin there were no residents there, and he built a hut of hisown. Thisarea is said to have beren dense think forest. After 8bpending, about two weeksAt Aduabin he got back to Boaman and informed his relatives about this newdiscovery. Some members of the family took permanent residence with NanaAdu Yeboah Kunantwi% on his return to Aduabin. Others refused to go-withhim but remained at toaman. It is said that this hunter Adu Yeboah Kunantwtprior to his departure to Aduabin hadan ancestral stool of his own. Butthis chiefdid not go to Aduabin with the ancestral stool but asked the remainingmembersof the family at Boaman to take care of the ancestral stool. So this hunter settleddown once again with some of'his relatives in such a dense thick forest.Note. Boaman is about 26 miles from Kumasi. It is on the Esume ja-BekwaiRoad.Eduahin is about 14 mile's from Boaman in the middle of Esumeja Bekwai town..Adu Yeboah Kunantwi it is said was named by the passing travellers as being aman of extraordinary bravery to settle in Buoh dense thick forest andthus cameabout the name Aduabin

-2-meaning Adu the brave man. : So Adu automatically- became the firstchief ofthis area in question as Aduabinhene..Nana Adu Yeboah Kunantwi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Aduonin Pim,his brother. This question of succession took place at Adpabin. At thistime NanaAduonin Pim was an independent (1ief without ary annexeur to the presentKumasi state.It :is said thtot it was in the reign of Nana Aduonin Pim that Adiabil"b'ecameincorporated into Kumasi State. It 'was during the offi4e Of.Nana AduoninPimthat Okomfo An e arrived with Wana Osei Tutu from Akwanu to occupy thevacant stool of his g*rnd-uncle, Nana 0biri Yeboah. At this time Nana Aduon4nPit was' an independent chief resident at AdUjabin.It so -appeted that when the Ashntis were about towage war against the Denkyiras, Okomfo An6kye threW a sear. ing quastion tothe would-be Ashanti nation, "Who will be able. to fight with the fairies orghosts?" 'Adontin Pim, the Adontenhene-to-be of Kumasi who is traditionallyknown asthe Adonten of Ashati who was then known as Aduabinh6ne'. then resident at.Advabin responded to this roquest of Okbm o Anokye. He said he, would fightwith the fairies r ghosts with alacrity. The Ghosts Yar it is said waafoughtbeff' ethe Dormaa Jilar at Suntresu to which Dorma Kusi was defeated and decapitatedat Abesim by the Kumasi DIvision Infantry' Army.The Ghosts' 'Far, it is said, was caused by the" JuAbeihene and the Adontenheneof Kumasi, then known as Adua.-inhene who negotiated with his brothers -knownas "Aseniefo" for .this war. .The Aseniefo or Asenie group which heconsultedabout' tiie war were as follows:1. Amakonihene - kosa Yiadom 2.Akyawkramhene - Tutu Anpim

3. Antoahene - 3akodie DateHe further negotiated vith five Ekuona Chiefs, namelyAsamanghene,. Asans ohene, o.b enkyinhene, Aboasohene and Ayaasehene. Thewar with the fairies was fought around the area of the present Obogu in theAshanti Akim District. This war was one of fierce fighting. The Adontenhenethen known as Aduabinhene who acted as commander-in-chief in this war wasvictorious. Because the I.uabinhene was victorious in thiswar, a traditional horn, "IA-semase Mawo", was given to him

-3by King Osei Tutu after consultation with his confidant and spiritual adviser,Okomfo .nokye- for-having fulfilled his promise. The war' with fairies it is saidwas one of a marvellous event because nothing was seen at the spotin. questionby the Adontenhene and his colleagues only gun shots and noise were heard. Soafter considerable fighting, the Adontenhene and colleagues having bravelyfought these fairies, took to their heels. So this war was named as such, becauseit was one of miracle and apprehensiun.So the Adontenhene Aduonin Pim and his brothers defeated the fairies andcaptured them.At a later date Okomfo Anokye who is known in high traditional circles asOkomfo Kokoo, predicted that the. next war to be waged by the nation was thatagainst the Dormas. So Chief Aduonin Pim went to this war, fought at Suntresuwith the Dormas, where we have the present Kumasi State buildings inwhichDorma Kusi, the Commander-in-chief, of the Dorma Infantry Army was defeatedand decapitated'at Abesim. After this war Okomfo Anokye, ordered the creationof the Adonten Division for King Osei Tutu.In Akan military organisation, the Adonten is supposedto be the main body of the army which includes the Krontihene.In Ashanti, the Adontehnene of Kumasi is regarded as the Adontehnene ofAshanti. He has the status of a paramount chief. He is regarded as a grade Ichief. He seldom removes his sandals even when exchanging greetings with theAsantehene or calling on the Asantehene for customary salutations.It is believedthat an infringement of this custom will bring famine to the nation. Eventodayany Adontenhene who violates this custom will be customarily arrested andseverely dealt with by the Asantehene.After this war also Okomfo Anokye created the following Poduo stools :-Bantama, Adonten, Antoa and Bantama-Baamu. The Poduo stools are of highsignificance and at the same time are. regarded 'as principal stools in Ashanti.They are stools of a supernatural significance.Nana Aduonin Pim went to the Denkyira War, where Ntim Gyakari theDenkyerahene, was defeated at Fehyiase.Nana Aduonin Pim was succeeded on the stool by NanaBoakye Dankwia, his nephew, in the reign of Asantehene Nana

-Li.

Opoku Ware. This chief went to the Takyman War where Aeyaw KwakyetheTakyman ehief was captured and defeated by the Ashantis. He also went toGyaman war in which the Gyaman King Abo Kofi was defeated and decapitatedby the Ashantis.This chief went to the Akim 77ar with the King in whidh Abirimoro the Sefwichief invaded Kumasi whilst King 0poku Ware was on the battlefield. Hewas onthe stool in the reign of Asantehene Kusi Bodom.Nana Boakye Dankwa was succeeded on the stool by his brother NanaAmankwah Osei in the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei Kwadwo the great fightingking, who fought in broad day light.Nana Amankwah Osei was succeeded on the stool by his nephew NanaKwartengPete in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwame. He was on the stool in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Bonsu Panyin, alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame. He wentto theFanti War with the king where the king won for himself the traditional appellation"Bonsu" the "Destroyer of the Sea". He also went to the Gyaman Warwith theking in which Adinkra the Gyaman Chief was defeated and decapitated.Nana Kwarteng Pete was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwadwo Adonten inthe reign of Asantehene Osei Yaw Akoto. This chief went to the Akatamansu warand returned hom unscathed. NanaKwaduo Adonten was a brother of Kwarteng Pete. Nana Kwadwo-'donten spent just 40 days on the stool.Nana Kwadwo Adonten was succeeded on the stool by his nephew NanaKwadwoBrifu Adonten.Nana Kwadwo Brifu Adonten was succeeded on the stool by Nana Akuoko hisbrother..Nana Akuoko was succeeded on the stool by Nana Boakye'1tonsa in the reign of Asantehene NanaMensah Bonsu. He was a nephew ofNana Akuoko.Nana Boakye Atonsa! was succeeded on the stool by Oheneba Nkwzantabisa inthe reign of the same iing Nana Mensah Bonsu. It is said that OhenebaNkwuantabisa' was a son of Nana Bonsu. Panyin, but a royal of the Adonten clanin the maternal sense. Nana Nkwantabisa was a nephew of Nana Boakye Atonsa.

- 5Nana Nkwantabisa was succeeded on the stool by Adonten Boateng inthe reignof Asantehene Nana Kofi Karkari. He was destooled for mal-adminis ration. fewas a brother of Nana Nkwantabisa in the maternal sense. ( le was a differentfather and not a prince of the Asantehene.Nana Adonten Boateng was succeeded on the stool by hisbrother Nana Kwaku Kwarteng in the reign of Asantehene Nana KwakuDuah II.He spent about two years in the stool and met his death.Nana Kwaku Kwarteng was succeeded in the stool by Nana Gyamfi in thereignof Asantehene Nana Kwaku Duah III alias King Prempeh I. He went to theNkoranza War which was fought in the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I.He was on the stool during the Yaa Asantewa War of 1900. He saw active servicein the Yaa Asantewa ;ar and fought with the British. it is said that this Chief first

took side on the Aban Dwa and later turned tail against it. This chief reigned fora considerable length of time. He became a veryold man on the stool and abdicated of his own accord. He appointed KwameFrimpong a royal of the stool in his place. Kwame Frimpong was enstooled by thekinqmalcers and was on the stool when Prempeh I was in exile. King Prempeh Icame to meet him'on the stool after his repatriation in 1924. He also served thepresent reigning Monarch Sir Osei Agyman Prempeh II. He playeda leadingrole during his enstoolment, He died on the stool in 1936.Nana Kwame Frampong was succeeded on the stool by hisnephew Kwame. Frimpong II in the reign of this present Monarch SirOseiAgyeman Prempeh II. He abdicated of his own accord after 12 years reign.Nana Kwame Frimpong II has been succeeded on the stoolby Nana Kofi Adonten the present chief. He was enstooled in 1950. He hasspent about 13 years on the stool.

Note:-Oaths of Adonten StoolIt is 'said that the war of the fairies which was fought at Obogu -Was caused bythe Juabenhene, an appeal having been launch&d by Okomfo Anokyethat NanaAduonin Pim then Aduabinhene take the able leadership to combat the fairies andthen victory was won.-After having won victory, Nana .AduQnin sat under apalm tree for a rest at the area in question and the Juaben-" hene also sat under abanana tree for the same purpose.It is said that this war with the fairies was one ofhostility and lasted for 2 years so whilst resting under the palm tree on a particularFriday the Adontenhene Nana Aduonin Pim said to himself that it is this Fridaythat he has got rest under a palm tree. (Meka Fieda ne se Aba)This saying of Nana Aduonin Pim has been the Great Oath of the Adontenstool.This Oath is significant of the fact that it reveres the Adontenhene for havingspent a period of two years' in the battlefield with great hardship.The Juabenhene too .-hilst resting under the Banana tree at the spotin question onthe same Friday said to himself that he had been prevented by the banana tree.The Juabenhene thus got his oath of Kwadu Twum.It is said that it was on this particular Friday that the JuabenheneandAdontenhene drank to. the gods that no Adultery Fee be charged among theirsubjects in case they committed such offence.

CHIEFS OFTHE ADONTEN STOOL lst. Chief Nana Aau Yeboah Kunantwi2na Aduonin Pim3rlo Boakye Dankwa4th. Amanlo-fah Osei5th. Kwarteng Pete6th Kwaduro Aclonten7th. Kivaauo Brifu

8th. Akuoko9th, Boakye AtonsalOth. Oheneba Nkivantabisallth. Aaonten Boaten(aestooled)Uth. Kivaku Kwarteng13th. Gyenai (abdicatecI)14th. Kwame Frimpong I15th. Kwame Frimpong II(abdicated)16th Kofi Adonten(p--esrnt chief)

IAS ace. no.InformantNana Atta KwasiRecorded by :Date :J. Agyeman-Duah11th October, 1963Subjiect :ABENASE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.November, 1963AS 96

The Abenasehene belongs to the Gyase division of the king, He owes directallegiance to..the Golden Stool of Ashanti and swears to the Ashantehene with theAhwihwibaa sword, a sword of less significance than the Mponponsuo sword.Traditionally the Abenase stool is known as Aheneboa stool. It is a popular stoolsolely for the King.'s stool dependants. It is not royal and as suchnot hereditarybut the appointment to it is by the prerogative of the.. hg. Although the. stool hassome kingmakers or Wirempifoo in th oAse of installation or enstoolme,nt of thestool 'these kingmakers, unlike other hereditary stools, have no access to the stoolwith regard4 to installation etc. The stool is a sole repository of the King. Astool of such limited scope is known as ,Esom Dwa" that is a stool forthe king'shousehold servants or stool dependants which has a different constitutionalmachinery with regard to its installation and the like.This stool of Abenase is said to have been created by King Osei Tutu, the founderof the Ashanti Nation after the Denkyira war with Ntim GyakarieIt is said that the stool in question was created by the king for his faithful servantby name Ahenboa just ifmediatelyafter his proclamation as Asantehene. Theessenoe therefore of

creating this stool was with a view to charging his aervant with the responsibilityof taking charge of all his household oladng and also to be the head chiefofKantQ Woawers. and the lie who serve as accessors to the king so far as clothingof the king is concerned.The original stool name of this stool is said to have been Abobotrafo, that is astool for the king's household servants who always sit in front of the king's palace.These stool servants who are more or less stool dependants serve Otumfuo as apersonal attache at his household.It is also said that the principal duty of. he occupantof this stool is to be responsible for the dressing of the king's bed, Traditionallyhe is responsible for the dressing of the' Great Mat. (Kete Kessie).As the custom of language changes like the custom of life,the original name of the stool in question as named by King

Osei Tutu, was Abobotrafo stool but this name was chaged into-.Abenase stool byKing Osei Bonsu alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame after he had charged the occupantof it with an additional duty.It so happened that after the king had won victory at Fanti. land andhqd, '.aced,-be-.. sta.te ..sword," . .i ,shea atAnomabui thus claiming for himself the traditional tt]e "Bonsu. The Destroyer ofthe sea"j Certain war prisoners were captured by the Ashantis andsent to Kumasi.These war prisoners, were charged with the responsibility of erecting a 1aditi*na.l,building for the harbouring of the king s cloths, bQth personal and .traditional.This building became known as. Abenase. The occupant then of this stool was putin charge -of these war prisoners from Fanti land who undoubtedly became thetraditional masons of the king. The occupant .therefore was asked by the king toe the Abenasehene after its completion. Thus came about the official title of theAbenasehene,..the.chief responsible for a specific builoing at the Kig' spalaoe. in which the king'spersonal and traditional -cloths -are -kept.Aheneboa Was also on the stool in the reign of Asantehpne Opoku Ware, Thischief went to the Takyiman war with others in which Ameyaw the Takyimanhenewas defeated and beheaded by the Ashantis. He also went to the Gyaman Warfought in -the reign of King Opoka Ware in which the Gyaman chief Abo Koiwas defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis.Bafuor Aheneboa was succeeded on the steol. by-.BaftorBatafogya in the reign of this same King. 0poku Ware. He was. a stool dependantor a servant at the King!s court.. His t uccession as such was -by the prerogativeright of the king.Bafuor Bata Fogya was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Oseis Akwatia in thereign of Asantehene Osei Bonsu Payin. This chief went to war in the Fanti landwith the king, in. which he won for himself the traditional title of Bonsu meaning°destroyer of the sea, at:Anomabu *by placing the state sword into the. sea as asign of victory oVer the Fantis. It. was. also in the.reign of this great fighting.king that the original' name of Abobotrafohone, annexed to the stool, waschanged int.o Abenasehene by the king.

He also went to the Gyamp. War in which Adincra,. theGyaman chief was.defeated and beheaded by the Ashantij, This chief also wentto the Akatamansu war fought in the reign of. Asantehene Osei Yaw Akoto Thiswar is said to be one of the most deadliest ever Bought by the Ashantis. Heh6wever

- 3 -returned home unscathed.Bafuor Osei Akwatia was succeeded on the stoql by Batar Amoateng in the reignof Asentehene Nana Fredua Agyes alias Nana Kwaku Duah I. the leastpugzaoious king of the Ashanti kings.Bafuor Osei Akwatia was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Amoateng who wasalso a stool dependent or servant at the King's court in the reign ofthe same kingNana Fredua Agyeman Duah, the most peaceful king of the Ashanti Kings.Bafuor Amoateng was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Okra Tese a servant atthe king's court in the reign of Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari. Healso took theinitiative of all the Karkari Wars.Bafuor Okra Tese was succeeded on the stool by BafuorKwabena Nlkumnah in the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I 0 He wentto the Norkanza war fought in the first part of the reign of this samemonarch.Bafhor Kwabena Nkramah was succeeded on the stool by Kwame Gyeabuor in1901, He was appointed by the Britishimperialists to act as such after the Yaa Asantewa war of 1900 Kwame Gyeabuordied on the stool in 1913 whilst king Prempeh I was in exile in the SeychellesIsland. This ancestral stool has not yet been blackened because he is not a trueroyal of the stool.Kwame Gyeabuor was succeeded on the stool by Nana Atta Kwasi in 1914 a stooldependant at the king's court, and has since been on the stool.This chief took the oath of allegiance to king Prempeh I after his repatriation fromSeychelles Island in 1924 to Kumasi. He swore to the king with theAhwihwibaa sword. This chief is a very old man and is over 76 years old.

CHI:En OF TM ABBNASE STOOLBafuor AhenebuaBatatogya-Osei Alýwatia 0 sei* Ak-wbLtieýAmoatengOlma TeseKwabena Nkz~ Kwame GyeabuorAtt* Kwaai--n(the present chierChief2nå 3rcl 4.th 5th 6th 7th 8th gth

IAS. acc. no. AS. 97.Informant:Bafuor Kwam Bonsu, Kwame Osusu, Gyasehene of Hiawu Stool.

Recorded by:Date:J. Agyeman-Duah 10th October 1963Subject:HIAWU STOOL HISTORYInstitute of Africai Studies,University of Ghana, Legon.Classification:

The Hiawuhene belongs to the Gyase Division of the King. He owes directallegiance to the Golden stool of Ashanti and swears to the Asantehene with theAhwihwibaa sword.The Hiawu stool is a stool of matrilineal descent and belongs to theEkuona Clanor Abusua. This stool is said to have been created by Asantehene Nana OseiKwadwo the great fighting king who fought in the broad d- light.It is said that during the salad days of IT ana Csei Kwadwo the P.santehene, _koKofi and 0ko Kwame thI two f-ull blood brothers did serve him to theuttermostand consequontly this king did create the stool in question for the srid twobrothers and their descendants as a token of gratitude for the services rendered tohim.The arterial motive for the king in creating thic stoolfor the said brothers was to charge them with the responsibility of thesafe-keeping of his night traditional sword (AhadwoSikam) which sword is used in protectinp the king in the dead of, night.TheMiawu was thus created as a symbolical means of expression for the helprendered to the kin during his infancy other wise he might have sufferedenormously. Thus cameabout the name of Miawumeaning without ouch generosity shown tp meI-mighthave died.Bafuor Oko Kqfi was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Oko Kwamein the reignof the same king Nana Osei Kwaduo the great fighting king. Bafuor Oko Kwamewas succeeded on the stool by Hiawu Boaten in the reign of Asantehene OseiKwame. He was also on the stool in the reign of the Asantehene Osei Bonsu aliasNana Osei Tutu Xwame. This chief accompanied the king to the Gyamanwar inwhich Adinkra the Gyamanhene was defeated and decapitated by the Ashantisand the skull sent to Kumasi. This war was said to be one of hostilities.Hiawu Boaten v r-.s succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Kankam who it is said wasa relative of the :;too'. in the reign of Asantehene Osei Yaw Akoto0 This chiefwent to the Akatamansu War with the king. Although this war is said to be themost deadliest fought by the Ashantis thq chief returned home unscathed. He wasat a later date destooled for mal-administration and mismanagement.Bafuor Kankam, was succeeded on the stool by Hiawu Boakye in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Fredua Agyeman alias Nana Kwaku

-2

Duah I the least pugnacious of the Ashanti kings. He was also a king of, greatproperty ,uld a king Qf opnlence,Bafuor Hiawa Boakye was succeede on the stool by Bafuor Berkyein the reignof Asanteiene Neaza Kwaku. Duah II.Bafiio'r Derkye was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Akwasi Tra.It is 'said thathe was enstooled in the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I. Hewent to theii-oranza ,.Tar fought in the reign of this same Yonarch king Y'rempeh I.Bafuor Berkye was succeeded on the stool by Bafuor Brennya in the first part ofthe reign of King Prerapeh I. It is said that he was on stool when the king wastaken to Seychelles Island by the British imperialists. The king came to meet thischief on the stool after his repatriation in 1924. This chief met his death in 1938and was succeeded by Bafuor Kwame Bonsu in 1939 who is the presentchief.Note:- The title of Bafuor was conferred on the occupant ofthis stool by Asantehene Osei Kwadwo.

Classification: Informant: Recorded by:Subject:IAS acc. no. AS.98 Nana Owusu Afriyie (Amoamanhene) J. Agyeman-Duah 6thMarch, 1964-.AMOATMAN STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies,University of Ghana, Legon.September, 1964.

AMOAYA STOOL HISTORYAmoaman is a village of about 11 miles from the present city of Kumasi in theAtwima Nwabiagya Area.The Amoahene o-vwes direct allegianice to the Golden Stool of Ashanti andswears to the Asantehene with the Mponponsuo Sword, the principal sword of theKing which the heads of the component states of Ashanti use in swearingallegiance -to the; King. He belongs to the Domaikwa Group within the KyidomDivision of the King.The Amoaman stool is one of matrilineal descent and belongs to the Ekuona Clan.It is an ancestral stool from Denkyira. The first ancestor" of thisstool is said. tohave been Nana Amoadom. He is said to .ha:v beenan Obrempong of theDenkyirahene. This Chief Amoadom is said to have emigrated from Denkira, witha large retinue of about thousand, .lh ,h'; " ancestral stool to Kumasi after thedefeat of the Denkyira' s by King Osei Tutu, the first Asantehene. The course ofthis exodus of Nana Amoadom was due to the fact that after the defeat of theDenkyiras by the Ashantis the Denkyira State was doomed and the powertransferred to the Ashanti. As a sign of humiliation Nana Amoadom thought itproper to seek a permanent place of abode in Ashanti with a view to obviatinghimself from the remarkable phenomenon which was then confrontingtheDenkyira people. Nana Amoadom and retinue thus arrived in Kumasiin a

traditional palanquin known as Sekou and accompanied with all the trappings of aChief.-This Chief on arrival at Kumasi became the guest of the occupant ofthe Safieand Amoanim Stool who was the Domakwaihene and Chief Linguisxi ofAsantehene.It will be recalled that the Domakwaihene and Chief Linguist of Asanteheneswears to the Asantehene with the Mponponsuo sword. This Chief Linguist of theAsantehene is the head of the twelve accredited linguists of Asantehene. Traditionhas it that whenever the Chief "idgujstof the Asantehene is addressing the KumasiTraditional Council whilst Otumfuo is sitting in State, all the linguists oftheAsantehene get up from their seats and shout "Yew", whilst the court criers shout"Tieo" (listen), as a token of the eloquence of the Akyeamehene.The occupant therefore of the Safie and Ambanim Stool holds .a dual capacity atthe Kings Court. He is the Chief Linguist as well as the Domakwaihene. TheDomakwmihene ig next in command to the Akyempinhene in the KingdomDivision of the King.So this self-exiled Chief Nana Amoadom on arrival at Kumasi spent aweek at theends of the occupant of, Safie and .Amoanim Stool and then made apresentationof a Gold Bell to:the King 'th.'bugh this Domakwaihene and Chief Linguist of theAsantehene ' The Demakwoahene and Chief *Linguist of the King led the procession tor-the King' s Court Yard, andthen madethe necessary introduction to the King himself.The King became .very Bpleased-,and. arranged at subh a magnificient

-2presentation made to him, and directed that a place be given to this emigrantChief and retinue, for settlement.The question honere-, of finding an area for this emigrant Chief to stay was notone orL a compact hoci'ing. The King had to make negotiations withtheOhwinhene for a suitable place for this emigrant Chief and retinue.At long last aland was purchased from the Ohwinhene by the King for this Chief. Traditionhowever has it that Ohwinhene is one of the original foundation members of thepresent city of Kumasi.So after making the necessary negotiation v;ith the Ohwinhene with regard to thepurchase of the land, the King directed that Nana Amoadom and retinueshould goand settle at the present area of Amoaman, and tohelp in building the t hon utilor construction, thusabout the naming of the area in question "Amoaman"It is said that when the King bought the land for .Amoa Dom there was a big treeplanted in the middle of the town and the geographical position of this tree thusbrought a saying in Ashanti that you go to meet Amoaman and the big tree (wzkoto Amoaman ne no Gyedua).Originally the ancestor of the stool in question was Nana Amoa Gyft who is saidto have come from Denkyira with his ancestral stool and the large retinue. But hewas nicknamed as such after making the presentation of the Gold Bellto the Kingas Nana Amoa Dom.

This Chief it is said was at a later date appointed Chief Stool Gartierat the King'sCourt. He however held this position for a considerable length of time. But it sohappened that on Festive Occasions a certain sub-priest of Okomfo tnokye fellinto a trance and predicated that if such responsibility was not removed fromAmoa Gyame alias Amoa Dom a great trouble or danger would come onthenation* Consequently, this responsibility was shifted to the occupant of theKurobuo and Adabanka stool.,So Kurobuo was thus appointed the first Nkonguasoafohene. He was succeededby his son Adabanka.This Chief Amoa Gyame alias Amoa Dom was thus appointed an Obrempong ofthe King.It is said that after the appointmant of the Chief Stool Carrier as such, he appealedto the King for a place of habitation in that he was isolated with his descendants.The King then ordered that he should approach his predecessor Amoa Dom for aplace. So Kurobuo was accordingly given a place to stay with his fraternal brotherand predecessor. The place of abode is known and called Tonto Kokobin a villageof about two miles from the present town Amoaman. Tonto Kokobin is atpresenta village attached to the Nkonguasoafo Stool.Nana Amoa Dom was succeeded on the Stool by Oheneba Pipim Oboaduohisbrother Oheneba Pipim Oboaduo was succeeded on the stool by Nana

- 3Tuahene Panyin a brother of Oheneba Pipim. Nana Tuahene Panyin wassucceeded on the stool by Nana Tuahene Kumah. Nana Tuahene Kumah wassucceeded on the stool by Nana Gyan Kokoroko and Nana Gyan Kokoroko wassucceeded on the stool by Nana Kusi Kwadwo. Nana Kusi Kwadwo wassucceeded on the stool by Nana Appiah Kusi Akwasi and Nana Appiah KusiAkwasi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Atta Amoamang. Nana AttaAmoamang was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kofi Appiah and NanaKofiAppiah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwame Poku Panyin. It is said thatthis chief was on the stool whilst King Prempeh I was in exile in the SeychellesIsland.Nana Kwame Poku Panyin was succeeded on the stool by NanaKwame Poku Kumah whilst King Prempeh I was in exile in the Seychelles Island.Nana Kwame Poku Kumah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Akwasi Appiahin the second part of the reign of King Prempeh I after hisrepatriation from the Seychelles Island in 192.Nana Kwasi Appiah was succeeded on the stool by Nana KwameAntwi in the reign of this present Monarch Sir Osei Agyeman PrempehII. Hedied on the stool.Nana Kwame Antwi has been succeeded to the stool by the present chief NanaOwusu Afriyie.CHIEFS OF AMv1aMNW STOOL1st Chief: Nana Amoa Dom.2nd Chief: Oheneb4 Pipi Ob3rd Chief: Nana Tuahene Panyin

4th Chief: Nana Tuahene Kumah5th Chief: Nana Gyan Kokoroko6th Chief: Nana Kusi Kwadwo7th Chief: Nana Kusi Akwasi8th Chief: Nana Appiah Kusi Oboodum9th Chief Nana Atta Amoamang10th Chief: Nana Kofi Appiahllth Chief: Nana Kwame Poku Panyin12th Chief: Nana Kwame Poku Kumah13th Chief: Nana Kwasi Appiahl4th Chief: Nana Kwame Antwi15th Chief: Nana Owusu Afriyie (present chief)--Wa

Class if icati on: Informants:Recordod by:L.4.3.acc.no.Nana Kwano, 'i.oako II Opanyin Kwarre Akyeromu Obaapanyin AYma KunaduKyeame Xwabena ...saboro.J. P.gyeman-Duah14th September, 1963.Subject:k1NhWOT41'30 STOOL HISTORYInstitute of tfricai Studies,University of Ghaha, L e g o n.November, 1963.

JUIOASO STOOL HISTORYAnwomaso is a village of 6J miles from the present city of Kumasi on theKumasi-Accra motor road.The Anwomasohene owes direct allegiance tle GoldenStool of Ashanti and swears.. to the Asantehene With thfe Mponponisuo Sword,the principalsword of the King which is used. by the paramount chiefsinAshanti in taking the Oath :Pf Allegiance to the. King. He belongs to the Gyase'Division of the King and co.m..es into the .category of the Dadiesoabahene who isthe Head of a group within the Gyase Division of the King.The.Anwomas-o Stool is one of matrilineal descent and belongs to Bretuo Clan.Traditionally, the Anwomaso Stoolis called. :Ospi Bua-Akongya".It-..is said that the Ancestor of this stool was Nana Gyamfi Kessie-whose origin issaid to have been traced.' from -Adanse AYase and bad'emigratedto Kumasi inthe -: reign of. King Obiri Yeboah, one of the early rulers ofAshanti."

It is said that from Ayaase, Nana Glyamfi K~ssie-'called at Amoaful with hisancestral stool and a large: -:retinue." He became hemmed in at this village andthen enilgrated, to .Aboatem thence to Sekwaakye as a result Of multiplicity ofpeople!. -It was whilst Nana Gyamfi'Kessie was rsident.:at Sekcwaakye that thenews of the exploration of the" present area of Anwomaso by his subject by nameNnamere was: brought to his notice.This subject of Nana Ayamfi Kessie it is said1Was afirst ..l.s. hner and could hunt plentiful wheneve he. Wnt into a- h.uxAting.expedit..ion.- .So whenever people or-. pas:er":by call'd..at",he; area in questionall that they -could., !ind61., was a ial skins and thus br-ought about. thenaming',of the place in question "An.womaso" that is the area for the. storing ofanimal skins. This subject of Nana Gyamfi Kessie,It is sa;,.reported to hismaster.while't resident at Se-kwaakye. th-.. the environmentas-well.-as thegeographical conditi'on .'was ..quit e. good for habitation andas .isch- it.wou.ld.be V- ad aAnd proper if Nana Gyamfi Kessie and retinue. .eigrated a"',ittl.further to the area in question which was originally -know -.a S-i'tegyaben that isprior to the.exploration of..the*:-, id.. are. by- -Nnamere. So Nana Gyamfi Kessie-wasd the first chief to settle in this area.

-2As a result of family disputes and. squabbles which arealways inevitable among the Ashanti Community ITana Gyamfi Kessie itis saidleft the aea in q"estiowiWh some members of his" family as well as the retinuefor Sekyerewa. Theybecame hemmed in at this village mo ;ed ahead to Wono a village near Bonwireand thence to the present area of Gyamaase. The ancestral stool of course was notallowed to be taken away by Gyamfi Kessie and followers.It is said that whilst Gyamfi Kessie was at Anwomasohe took part in the Dormaa War which took place at Suntresu in which King ObiriYeboah was defeated by the Dormaas.'This question of emigration of Gyamfi Kessie it issaid took place in the reign of King Osei Tutu. Osei Boa a brother of GyamfiKessie was appointed by the King to-succeed Gyamfi Kessie at Anwomaso. Nana Osei Boa is said to have been apaternal brother of King Osei Tutu. Nana Osei Boa it is said was at asubsequentdate elevated to the status of an obrempong by the King. Osei Boa it is said tookpart in the Dormaa War fought at Abesim in which the Dormaas were totallydefeated at Abesim by King Osei Tutu and Dormaa Kusi the Commander-in-Chief of-the Dormaa Infantry Army was captured and decapitated. Nana OseiBoa went to the Denkyira War in which Ntim Gyakari was defeated by theAshantis. Nana Osei Boa also went to the Akim War fought in the reignof KingOsei Tutu. Nana Osei Boa was also on the stool in the reign of King OpokuWare.Nana Osei Boa was succeeded on the stool by NanaNkonsonko in the reign of the same King Opoku Ware. This Chief itis said wentto the Takyiman War in which the Takyimanhene Ameyaw was decapitated and

defeated by the Ashantis. He also went to the Gyaman ar and fought inthe reignof King Opoku Ware in which the Gyaman Chief Abo Kofi was defeated by theAshantis.Nana Nkonsonko was succeeded on the stool by Nana Bodwafuo in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Osei Kwadwo the great fighting Ying who fought in the broadday light. This chief it is said went to the Woraba War, fought in the reign of KingOsei Kwadwo. It is said that Worasa King of Banda started to seize andkillAsante Traders in his territory, and consequently King Osei Kwadwodeclaredwar on him.

The Dadiesoabahene under whose category the Anwomasohene comes within, theGyase division of the King it is said was appointed the cormander-in-chiefE bythe Ting in thisparticular war. The Dadiesoabahene, Atobra i1wesi, it is said fought mercilesslywith the Worasa chief at a place called Boye. At long last. the Worasa chief wasbeheaded by the. Dadiesoabahene, and his skull sent to the Asante- 7 hene.- Hishead however, was imitated in gold and placedon the King's sword, which can be:found in the King'.$ courtyard today,'and. iscalled Worasati. The Worasachief it is said, was a chief of distinguished and noble appearance..with a broadface and flat head.Nana Bodwafuo was succeeded on the stool by NanaOkyiri Kofi in the reign of this same King Nana Osei Kwadwo.7Nana Okyiri ofi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabina Wariein the reignof Apantehene Nana Osei Kwame. This chief was destooled formaladministration and misdemeanor.Nana Kwabina Warie was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yaw hkwantain thereign of Asantehene Nana Bonsu Panyin alias Nana Osei Tutu-:Kwame. Thischief went to the Fanti war with the King ifh which the King for the first time inthe annals of Ashanti history did place the state sword into the sea at.Anomabu asa.sign of victory over the Fontes. and claimed for himself the traditionalti-tle"BonS" meaning the. destroyerof: the sea.He also went to the Gyaman'war fought in the reign of King Osei Bonsu in whichAdinkra the Gyaman chief was defeated and ;decapitated bythe Ashantis.. It issaid, that the K.'ng himself took the field in this war.He also served the Asantehene Nana OseiYew Akoto. aind went to theAkatamansu war fought in the reign of the said Monarch. Thi's war issaid to be:one of a:-flierce -fighting where',s.qveral*o-f the Ashantis lost their lives. Hehowever retu~rned home unscathed. . .Nana Y aw.Nkwanta was s.ucceeded on the stool by. N. ana LBechie in the reign.of Asantehene Nana Agyeman the leas .

- 4-pugnacious of the Ashanti Kings. Nana Bechie was also succeededon the stool byNana, Kwasi Yeboa in the reign.of this same Nonarch Nana Fredua Agyempn alias Nana Kwaku Duah I.

Nana Kwasi Yeboa was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kankam in the reign ofAsantehene'Nana Kofi Karikari.. Nana Kankam was succeeded onthe stool byOsei Kwame in the reign of. the same King.Nana Osei Kwame was followed on the stool by Nana Amoako in the reignofAsantehene Nana Mensa Bonsu.Nana A noako was succeeded on the stool by Nana Yaw Wono in the first part ofthe reign of King Prempeh I. This chief it is said went to the Nkoransa War foughtinthe first part of the reign of this Monarch Nana Prempeh I. He wason the stoolwhen the Kirn was taken to Seychelles by the British imperialists.Nana Yaw Wono was succeeded on the stool: by Nana Kwami Wusu whilst KingPrempeh was in exile in the Seychelles Island.Nana Kwami Wusu was also succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwadwo Gyasewhilst Otumfuo was still in exile..Nana Kwadwo Gyase was succeeded on the stool by Nana 1Jwaku Adabo whowas on the stool after the repatriation ofKing Prempeh I from Seychelles Island in*1924. This chief it-is Said wasdestooled on the 28th day of July 1935 for mismanagement and- mal-administration.Nana Kwaku Adabo was followed; on the stool by Nana Osei Kwame II in thereign of this 'oresent P!onarch Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He was-alsodestooled for maladministration.Nana Osei Kwame was succeeded on the stool by Nana AmOako II in thereignof this present Mcnarch Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He was destooled formisdemeanorNana Amoako II was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Boa II in thereign ofthis same Monarch Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He abdicated on his ownaccord.

- 5Nana Osei Boa II was followed on the stool by Nana Kwame Owusu II in thereign of this same Monarch Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II, he also abdicated onhis own accord.Nana Kwame Owusu II was followed on the 3tool byNana Kwame kAoako III in the reign of this same Monarch Sir Osei AgyemanPrempeh II. He is the present chief.Chiefs of Anwomaso Stool1st. Chief Nana Gyamfi Kessie2nd. " Osei Boa3rd. 7 " Nkonsonko4th. it Bodwafuo5th. t " Okyiri Kofi6th. ": Kwabina Wrarie7th. Yaw Nkwanta8th. : Kwasi Yeboah9th. " " Kankam

10th. " '? Osei Kwamellth. " " Amoako12th. " Yaw Wono13th. . Kwami Wusul4th " " Kwadwo Gyase15th. " " Kwaku Adabo (destooled)16th. i" Osei Kwame II (destooled)17th. " - " Osei Boa II (abdicated)18th. " " Kwame Owusu II (abdicated)19th. " * " Kwame Amoako III(The Present Chief)

glassiination:Informants: Recorded by:Date:Subject:I.3 acc. ji. AS. 100 Chief Kwabena Amoa, Kronkohene.J. Agyeman-Duah11th October, 1963.IM0M'0 STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Stuaies, University of Ghana, Legon.December, 1963.

Traditionally the Kronkostooi is knoii' as Kyere Akaa stool. The Kronkohene-oaes direct allegiance tothe Golden Stool of Ashanti and s;i ars to the ,.santehene with the MponponsuoSiord, the principal Sword of the King, used by the paramount chief's in Ashanti.in taking the Oath of 'illegiance to saxitehene, the occupant of the Golden Stool.The Adorn Kyere Akaa Stool is a stool of matrilineal descent and one ofhereditary.This stool is said to have been created by King Osei Tutu, Opimsuo priorto theDenkyira War at Feshiase in which Ntim Gyakari the Denkyirahene wcs defeatedand decapitated by the Ashahtis. The Kronko stool has an abusua ora clan knownas Esona. Although the Kronkohene belongs to the Gyase Division of theKing,he is the head of a group Vithin this Division. It will be reballed that the Gyasedivislmon of the King is constituted o five groups, namely: Samanghene,Fronkohene, Dadiesoabahene, Anantahene and Gyasehene. Each group isindependent on its own but they constitute the Gyase Division of Asantehene. TheSamanghene is of course the accredited head of the' five groups.IThe following chiefs therefore come under the group of Kronkohene:I * Worakasehene2. Akyeremadihene3. Kasamuhene

1i. so,!fohene5. Sefiesohene;. Tud;ueneheneThe Kronkohene is a traditional escort of theAsantehene, the word Kronko meaning accompany. as-an escort.The first chief of this stool is said to have been. Nana Adorn. Thischief is said-tohave gone to the Denkyira War in which },Ttim Gyakari, the Denkyirahene w.vasdefeated and beheaded by the Ashantis at Feshyiase.This chief also rient to the Akim war fought at Akimin the reign bf King Osei Tutu, in hich the Akims were seht to have been totallydefeated by the Ashantis after a fierce fighting ,

- 2hief don' ;zas -succeeded on the stool by chief Boadu Kwadw.o in thereign ofAsantehene Opdku Ware Okatakyei. This chief ascorteQ the King to thebattlefield at Akim when the K ia. ; took the battlefield to himself. The Kingvasat the battlefield rhen the news of Abirimoro the SefTii"Chief reached the Kingthat this notorious chief had invaded Kumasi and other principaltowns of Ashanti and caused, soiedanae to other valuable properties. rThe King upon hearin-' this melancholy neyls whilstat the, battlefield despatched -Okye- pimhene and Bantamahene from thebattlefield to pursue this deadly chief. It is said that Akyempimhene inturn senthis younger brother Hiahene Oheneba Sarbin, B uaso Odikro, andNkauiepaninhene Twum, the Nyaninahinhene, in. his place; and Bantamahenealso sent Brefo Apaw, the Aknaboahene and Bari Offianohene to pursueAbirimoro and fight against him, It is said that when the King returned from thebattlefield of Akim he learnt, those appointed to pursue Abirimoro, had not yetreturned home, The King therefore sent Bene Ako after the delegation to;reportthe situation to him. It is said that 6n his arrival at a place which came to becalledAkyeremu. Nana Bene -'ko met ik-aboahene and his colleagues returning. Heasked themL ;hy they had been so long (Akyeremu). The r.eetini< place vas thuscalled Akyeremu, and is now a villa se.It is said that the -,.shaati army later returned to Kumasi and reported to the Kin,-,that Abirimoro in his flight had stopped at Mpaz-ssao and opened fire on thenthen Abirimoro the deadly chief of Sefui took to his heels.This chief Boadu Kwadwo w Ts succeeded on the stool by' chief Ntim in thereign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo, the great fighting King whofought in thebroad day light.Chief Ntim was succeede on the stool by Chief,Daabra in the reign of the same King Osei Kvadwo. This' chief was also oA thestool in the reign of Asantehene Nana Bonsu Panyin alias Nana Osei Tutu Kvame.This chief accompanied the -Kin; to the Fanti War at Anomabu, where thekingcreated a name for himself. by placing the state sword into the sea forthe firsttime-in Ashanti:history winning the traditional appeallation "Bonsu" thedestroyer.of the sea.

He also accompanied the King to the Gyaman wvar which occUrred whenAdinkra Kofi, King of Gyaman, had made for himself a golden stool similar tothat in Kumasi. As a t~'ibutary King of the Asantehene it was considered a mostirregular and impolitic thing to do, and Butuaka7a, a renoaned linguist of theKing, was sent to Adinkra to seize the stool. Adinkra quietly compliedwith theKing' s demand and sent the stool to Kumasi, but was afterwiards tauhted by,hi.vwife, who coJed him a coward for ,iving up his golden stQol, and w. t'r.shepreferred a mtJ.n of courage to such a poltroon. Adinkra, finding it to late to recallthe stool, tried to right himself in his wife' s eyes by sending insolent messages toKing Osei Bonsu. ar broke out and AdkinLkra was betten and killed by theAshantis.Chief Daara Kwadw-o was succeeded on the stool by Chief Ntim Ababioin thereign of asantehene Nana Osei Yawj Akoto. This chief -ent to the-ikatamansu .iarand returned home unscathed. This w-ar is said to have been the deadliest that theishantis ever fought.Chief Daabra Kwadwo vas succeded on the stool in the reign of Asantehene NanaFredtia Agyeman alias Nana Kviaku Duah I the least pugnacious of the mshantiKings by chiefKwadwo Apan.Chief Kwadlwo Apan was succeeded on the stool by chiefAmofa in the reign of Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari. He was also onthe stool inthe reign of Asantehene Nana MensahBonsu.Chief Amofa ',qs also on the stool in the first part of the reign 6f' King PrempehL, He also saw active service of the Yaa -t santev-a War of 1900. Chief AmofawTas succeeded on the stool by Oheneba Kwaku Duah, a son of ,Isantehene NanaMensah Bonsu. He was on +he stool vhilst King Prem-reh I was in exilein theSeych- 7- Island. King Prempe1: I came to meet him on the stool afterhisrepatriation in 1924. He became a leading figure in the King's administration afterhis repatriation in J924. He was at one time appointed the chairman toacommittee of the King to draft some bye-laws and constitution pertaining tocertain reforms of the nation for the onvard transmission to the thenBritishGovernment. Mr- I.K. Agyeman, M.B.E. a retired Senior State Secretary of theKumasi Traditional Council Was the secretary of the said committee.

- 4 - .,Oheneba Kuaku Duah .7as succeeded on the stool by OhiefKwiaki Pku in.:the,reigni of, the present 1Mlonarch gir Osej Agyeman.Prempeh II.: He :-as destooledfor rualadministrätion and misdemeanor.C Lef Kxvaku Poku Jäs f.ollb.!ed on théå stool byChief l iabena no the",present chief of t-he'.stool. He was enstooled on _xonday7th October, 1946*Chiefs 6f the Kronko Stool.l st Chief 2nd Chief 3rd Chief4th Chief 5th Chief .6th Chief 7th Chief8th Chief 9th Chief

1 0th ChiefChief AdomChief Boadu Kviadv'ro Chief Ntim IChief Daabra Kvrad-zo Chief Ntim II Chief Knadwo Apan Chief AmofaOheneba Kviaku Duah Chief Kwaku Poku (de stooled) Chief Kwabena,Amo,(present chief)

lsfication:Informant: Recorded by:Date:Sub ect:IAP acc. no. AS.101"Jana Kwaku Safo IT J. Agyeman-Duab 7th January, 1964+.GYENYAASE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.January, 1964.

Gyenyase is a village about five miles from Kumasi on the Kumasi-Kokofu road.Gyenyasehene belongs to the Gyase Division of the King and comes under thecategory of Saamanghenel the Head Clan chief of the Gyase Division ofthe King.It will be recalled that the Gyase Division of the King is constituted of fivegroups, namely: Saamanghene, Kronkohene,Dadiesoabahene, Anantahene andGyasehene. Each group is independent on its own but they consitutute the GyaseDivision of the King of Ashanti and Saamanghene is of course the accreditedhead of the five groups. Gyenyaasehene swears to the Asantehene with theAhwihwibaa Sword, a sword of less significance than the Mponponsuo swordwhich is the principal sword of the King used by Paramount Chiefs of thecomponent states of Ashanti Union in swearing oath of allegiance to the King ofAshanti.The Gyenyase stool is a stool of matrilineal descent and belongs to abusua or clanknown as Toa. Traditionally the Gyenyaase stool is known as Safo ToaGyanstool. This stool is said to have been created by King Opoku Ware ° Dkatakyeifor his wife Kusekyi and descendants whilst going to war at Denkyira.As the custom of language changes like the custom-_oflife, Nana Kusekyi theKing's wife was succeeded on this female stool by Nana Safo his uncle in thereign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo the great fighting King who fought in thebroad day light.Nana Safo was succeeded on the stool by Nana QWusu Panyin in the reign ofAsantehene Nana Bonsu Panyin alias. Nana Osei Tutu Kwame. Nana OmsuPanyin it is said accompanied the King to the Gyaman War in which Adinkra theGyaman Chief was defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis. King Opoku Warewhen created the stool in question also 6aused a Fetish or porcupine to bec reatedin conjunctionwith the.. stool. The king when taking the field for war consulted ..this Fetish whether his adventure would be a successful one or otherwise. TheFetish Priest at the time by name Kankan having been consulted fell into a trance

for some time and the necessary customary rites having been performed, the fetishpriesttpredicted that the King would gainthe upperhand in the said Gyaman war.After the conquest ofthis Gyaman war by the Ashantis Nana Owusu 7anyin it is said explored for thefirst time in the annals of Ashanti history whiteclay :during his huntingexpeditionat a place hav,, known and called Aheremanso. This chief found -acrab oting thisday and thence reportei to the King as to this strange object. This whiteclay wasat a later date found to

- 2-be good chalking and tradition however has it even at the King's court yard todaythat when a constitutional matter or any case of a constitutional nature has so beendetermined or probed into before the King causes judgement to be pronounced bythe Linguists the white clay is use for smearing on the arms of the candidate towhom judgement has been given in his or her favour. A chalking fee isusuallycharged by the King's dependant who performs this job so the explorer of thiswhite clay who is the occupierof the stool in auestion is at times known as the Chalking Chief of Asantehene.When also there is to be the celebration of an Odwira Festival by the Asanteheneit is the obligation of this Chalking Chief to get to the spot known as Aheremansoto perform some customary rites for the digginof a quantity of this white clay for the impending ceremony. When the datefor theceremony is at hand the quantity of the white clay as dug is escorted by theChalking Chief to the King's Palace. This white clay is of course used byvarious attendants who calleO at the King's Palace in smearing themselves.Nana Owusu Panyin was succeeded on the stool by Nana Amankwah Panyin inthe reign of Asantehene Osei Akoto. This Chief went along with the chiefs toAkatamansu War fought at Dodowa in 1826. This war was said to be oneof thdeadliest ever fought by the Ashantis. This chief however returnedhomeunscathed.Nana Amankwah Panyin was succeeded on the stool by his nephew Nana KwakuSafo in the first part of the reign of King Prempeh I that is before his arrest by theBritish Imperialists in 1896. He was on the stool when the King was taken toSeychelles Island. This Chief it is said fledto the French Ivory Coast during the Yaa Asantewa War of 1900. The stoolhowever became vacant for a considerable length of time. This self-exiled chiefreturned home after the repatriation of King Prempeh in 1924 but hisstool hadthen been occupied one Yaw Abrantia a subject of the stool through theinstrumentality of the British Imperialists. Although this subject chief died on thestool but his customary stool was not blackened in that he was not a directdescendant'to the stool. Tradition has it that when one is appointed a regent orotherwise of a stool of which is not recognised royal or a direct descendant it isthe obligation of the stool elders and Kingmakef a attached to the stoolto havethat particular stool in question disqualified if they so wished. This subject-chiefalso served the present reigning Monarch Nana Osei Agyaman Prempeh IT

3-.before he met his natural death on the stool.Chief Yaw Aberantie was succeeded on the stool by the present ChiefNanaKwaku Safo III who is of course a_direct descendant of the stool. Hewasenstoole& before the present reigning Monarch Nana Sir Osei Agyeman PrempebIT Asantehene.CHIEFS OF THE GYENYAASE STOOL1st Chief : Nana Kusekyi (Female)2nd Chief : Nana Safo3rd Chief : Nana Owusu Panyin1+th Chief : Nana Amankwah Panyin5th Chief : Nana Kwaku Safo'th Chief : Nana Yaw Abrantie7th Chief : Nana Kwaku Safo (present chief).-- ~n - -- - -- - -

Classification:Informants:Reoorded by:Subjeot:IAS acc. no. AS.102Nana Yaa Akua - Queen Mother of Akawie Nana Appiah Dankwa - KXontihenoNana Kwadwo Mensah - Sanahene of NkawieJ. Agyeman-DuahDecember, 1963.NKiWIE-KUL STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.September, 1964.

NKX I-KUIMLa. STOOL HJPTORYNkawie is a town 14 miles from Kumasi on the Bibiani-Kumasi road. TheNMawie-Kumahene swears to the Asantehene with the Mponponsuo sword, thesword used by the hed of the compzeza otates of the Ashanti Union andothersenior chiefs in swearing the oath of allegiance to the Asantehene.Formerly theNkawie-Kumahene was under the Kronti Division of the King. prior to hiselevation to a paramount status by the present Ghana Government in 1961.Traditionally the Nkawie Kuma stool is known as juponsem stool. It isa stool ofmatrilineal descent and belongs to the Agona clan. The ancestress ofthis stool is said to have been Nana 1Adoma Akosua a Queenmother of Denkyira.This Queenmother it is said became King Osei Tutu's lover whilst undergoing acourse of training at the Denkyirahene's Court. it will however be recalled that atthis time Kumasi was a tributory state of the Denkyirahene. So Nana Adoma

Akosua, it is said accompanied her lover King Osei Tutu then in her youthfulmood to Akwamu when the news of friendship became known to the king ofDenkyira and other relatives. It was this woman who revealed to King Osei Tututhat he was to stand a trial before the King of Denkyira as a result of herpregnancy with her. Adoma .Akosua it is said was the next of kin of the Denkyirafemale stool whilst whilst King Osei Tutu was undergoing a course of training atthe Denkyirahene's Court. Adoma Akosua was more or less a directniece of theKing of Denkyfra So Adoma Akosua it is said was with King Osei Tutu thenknown as his Royal Highness Barima Osei Tutu at akwamu when he wastaken bythe Kumasi nobles from Akwamu to occupy the vacant stool of his granduncleKing Obiri Yeboah.Adoma Akosua it is said was still married to King Osei Tutu when theDenkyira/Ashanti War took place at Feyiase. It is said that it was .doma Akosuawho revealed to her husband certain secrets of the Denikyira militaryorganisationwhich would enable her husband to win victory over the Denkyiras. Soanoverwhelming victory it is said was won by King Osei Tutu. This war was foughtat Feyiase and the Denkyiras were totally defeated by the ashantis.It will however be recalled that whilst Adoma Akosua was the king's wife andresident at Kumasi she was accompanied by a large retinue both relatives anddomestic servants. This king's wife presumably was accompanied with theancestral female stool of Amposem. It is said that these retinue became hemmedat Kumasi so the King directed that they should get settled at the present villageof Pankoronu.Note: Pankoronu is a village 5 miles from Kumasi on the Kumasi-Mampong road.It is said also that the followers of Adoma Akosua brought a certain fetish fromDenkyira known as Bodom. This fetish can even be found today atPankoronu. It serves as a symbolical means of communication from Denkyira toAshanti.After the fall of the Denkyi:ra Kingdom by King Osei Tutu in the 17thCentury Nana Asenso Kufu the younger brother of Nana Adoma Akosua KingOsei Tutu's eloped wife from Denkyira and others thought of pursuing NanaAdoma Akosua at Kumasi since her husband was then the over-lord of theconquered state of,Derikyira.

This yo inger brother of Nana idoma i.kosua who was the. next of kin ofDenkyirahene Nana- Ntim Gyakari refused to accompany *the multitude toKumasi with s omne -stoo ewellery of the Deyira state. This young royal feltreluctant to 'serve:-th,6'king of ishanti and said to the innigrants that it would' beimpossible for him to serve he K of 'shanti. Consequently he committed suicid(on his ay ,.to, Kumasi.When Ana i.senso .-ufu was more or less the leader of immigrants fromDenkyira he oommitteAd :suicide on the way as a result of his refusal toserve theKing of. Ashant'i, one Mai6fo a commoner among the immigrants was instantlyappointed the "next leader or spokesman of. the immigrants, to Kumasi..Traditionally he was appointed the '2AJwnkwahene, - l"ader of'theyouth to direct

them to Kumasi. Marf6 it is .said accepted this. appointment with all pleasure anddirected the Simmigrants-safely to Kumasi..Tradition has it that King Osei Tutu's wife became the occupant of theAmposenfemale stool. So after-the. conquest of the Denkyira Kingdom all the importantpersonalities and the remaining membezs of the Denkyira royal house thought ofpursuing this Queenmother Nana Adoma Akosua King Osei Tutu's wife who was.the occupant of the Amposen female stool.' This stool it is said was the mostsignificant stool of the Denkyira state'. .;It is said that on arrival at KumaSi they .were welcomed by the king and furtherquesti'oned as ' to their errand. Theae immigrants informed theking that they hadpursued their Queenmother Nana Adoma AkAsua who was the king' s belovedwife withp;a view to getting a place to settle.The king's wife told the immigranti"- that the first immigrants from Denkirapresumably who followed her with the ancegtal stool were hemmed inat Kumasi.and as a result her huszband has given them a plaoe to stay .at Pankoronu, uponwhi h the Bodom Fetish from' Drnkyira has become a sort:of symbol for thelegalisationi between her andhusband at Pankorinu so that theme immigrantscould not-be ejected from the area in question, since the second immigrants wereof numerous quantity r she felt that it would be better they got baeokto theDekkyira lan&. because the lbenklira people had become so multiplied in Kumasithat they coulAdlyget no placeto stay.So the king's wife it'is-said directed that the immigrants should go back,' to theDenkyira land where they would get a vast land for f&rming. Thii king' s <wife itis saidwas a niece of Ntim Gyakari. -It is Said that in the old days the Denkyirahene shared boundary line with theAsantehene On the Manso Area. The line of demarcation was at:'Kopoku a river .-on the Kumasi-Bibiani road.

- 3 -So these immigrants it is said after the fall of the Denkyira Kingdom came to theAsantehene - Kng-0sef Tutu and asked for a place to stay. These Denkyiraimmigrants were made to drink the gods and not to rebel against the occupant ofthe Golden Stool. They also averred to the King not to go back to the Denkyiraland any longer. Consequently tradition has it that the occupant of fmponsemStool which is the stool in question is forbidden by custom to go to Ntoboroso.Any occupier of the Nkawie Stool who infrangesthis customary law willbe custbmaribrarrested as a rebel against theisantehene.This village of Ntoboroso is said to have been an ancient village of theDenkyirahene and on no account should the occupier of Amponsemcall at thisplace.So Marfo, the 4Jcwankwahene or leader of the Youth accordingly settledat the present area of Nkawie with a large retuinue from Denkyira including ofcourse royals of the Denkyira stool. Marfo it is said found the present area ofNkawie to be good.for habitation in that there was a stream or rivers by nameKobi and Marfo having placed a net into this rivers caught some smallfishes

known as Nkaah and Marfo having caught several of these Nkaah byplacing thenet into the river said to himself and his followers that it would be ofgreat advantage to stay just near the river with a view to catching more of Nkaahand thus brought about the naling of the present Nkawie Town.The first chief therefore of Nkawie was Marfo, the spokesman orleaderof the community who was of course not an accredited royal of the Amponsemstool but )as m.de to be the occupier of the. Amponsem stool upon the QueenMother's consent. This Queen Mother was of course the beloved wife of KingOsei Tutu.Marfp. was succeeded on the imponsem stool - Nkawie Kumah stool by BuaA/ane a direct descendant of the stool who was of course the Queen Mother'sbrother. Bua Anane it is said was also on the stoQl in the reign of KingOsei Tutu.

- 4-.Nana Bua Anane was succeeded on the stool by his brother Nana Bua Anane II inthe reign of Asantehene Nana Opoku Ware. This chief went to the Takyiman Warwith others in which the Takyimanhene iimeyaw Kwakye was defeated andcaptured by :j the Ashantis. He went to the Gyaman War fought in the reign ofKing Opoku Ware in which Abo Kofi the Gyaman Chief was defeated,decapitated and captured by the Ashantis. This chief also went to the Akim Warfought in the reign of King Opoku Ware in which the King himself took to thefield for war. He was at the battlefield when Abirimoro the deadly chief of Sefwibesieged Kumasi and other towns of Ashanti and caused havoc onseveral stateproperties.Nana Boa Anane II was succeeded on the stbol by Nana Boa Amponsemadescendant of the stool in the reign of asantehene Kusi Bodom. Nana BoaAmponsem was also on the stool in the reign of asantehene Osei Kwadwo, thegreat fighting king who fought in the broad-day-light, Nana Boa. mponsem it issaid reigned for a considerable length time and was still on the stool inthe reignof ksanteheneBonsu P.anyin alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame. This chief Boa AmponsemBOmpanlied the king to the Gyaman War in which Adinkra Kofi the Gyamanchief was defeated and decapitated by .the Ashantis.Nana Bo-imponsem was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Yaw in the reign ofthis great and powerful king Nana Bonsu Panyin. Nana Osei Yaw wasalso on thestool in the reign of Asantehene Nana Osei taw A koto. This chief went to theAkatamansu War fought in the reign of Asantehene Qsei Lkoto. He returnedhome unscaiild after a fierce and bloody battle at Dodowa. Nana Osei Yaw wassucceeded onrthe stool by Nana Twum Barima in the reign of Asantehene Nanarredua Agyeman alias King Kwaku Duah I, the least pugnacious king of theAshanti kings. This kin it is said-was a man of peace 'and opulence.Nana Twum Barima was succeeded on the stool by Nana'Twum Barima Appawin th reign df 'Asantehene Nana Kofi Karikari. He was also on the soblin"thereign of Asantehene Nana Mensah :Bnsu.Nana Twum Barima Appaw was succeeded on the stool by Nana AntriAdjeiPanin in the first part of the reign of king Prempeh I alias Nana KwakuDuah II.

This ohief went to the Nkoranza war fought in the first part of Prempeh's reignthat is before his exile by the British Imperalists to the Seychelles Island in 1896.

- 5 -Nana Antwi Agyei Penin died on the stool before King Prempeh I was taken toSeychelles Island. He was succeeded on the stool by his nephew AntwiKumah.rhis chief it is said accompanied the king to the Seychelles.Nana Antwi Kumah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwabena Kufuor whilstthe king was in the Seychelles Island. This chief was destooled for mal-administration after 33 years reign on the stool.Nana Kwabena Kufuor was succeeded on the stool by Nana Antwi Agyei II afterthe repatriation of King Prempeh I from Seychellers in 192+. He wasenstooled in1926 and spent 14 years on the stool. He was destooled for mal-administration.Nana Antwi Agyei was succeeded on the stool by his uncle Asamoah Nkwanta inthe reign of this present monarch, Nana Osei Agyeman Prempeh II.Nana Asamoah Nkwanta was succeeded on the stool by Nana Twum BarimaAppawin the reign of this same monarch Nana Osei Agyeman Prempeh II.He spent 13years. He was destooled for mal-administration.Nana Twum Barima ppaw was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwadwo An twiAgyei IV who it is said has been allegedly destooled by the elders andkingmakersof the stool. The stool it is said is at present vacant. Note: (a) The Nkawie-Kumahene at present holds the status of a Parmoun' Chief.He was elevated as such by the present Ghana Government in 1961.(b) Tradition also has it that even to-day the ocoupant..of the Denkyirastool can be transferred to occupy the Nkawie-Kuma stool if it is sowished by the Asantehene since&the Denkyira and Nkawie-Kuma stoolsare one and the same thing. A typical example of this analogy is the transfer ofNana Twum Barima Appaw from the Denkyira stool tothe Nkawie-Kuma stool in the reign of this present monarch Sir OseiAgyeman Prempeh II.

CHTh~FS OF STOOLI st Chief 2nd Chief3rd ChiefMarfo - (,,kwankwahene or Leader of the Youth)Nana Bua ,.nane- Nana Bua a:nane II4th ChiefNana Bua Amponsem5th Chief"6th 7th 8th 9th loth 11th12th13thChief Chief Chief Chief Chief Chief Chief ChiefNana Osei Yaw

- Nana- Nana- Nana- NanaNana Nana- . Nana- NanaTwum Barima Twum Barima Apaw Aitwi Adjei Panin Antwi Kumah (Destooled)Kwabena Kufuor Aintwi -4yei III Asamoah Nkwanta (Destooled)Twum Barima Appaw (Destooled)114th ChiefNana Kwadwo &ntwi Agyei (the present deposed chief)CHIEFS OFNKAWIE-KUMN-.STOOL

IAS. acc. no. AS.103.Informants:Recorded by:Date: Sub iect:Nana Kwame Boakye Ababio Okveame Akwasi Akora Abusuapanin KwabenaNantei Opanin Kwame Pong Opanin Kwabena Asabre.J. Agyeman-Duah.November 16, 1963.NFENSI STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies) UniversitX of Ghana, Legon.,Tune, 1964.Classification :

Nfensi is a village 14 miles from Kumasi on the Kumasi-Sunyani road.The Nfensihene belongs to the Gyase Division of the king and comes under thecategory of Buabasa - Gyasehene of Kumasi.The Nfensi stool is a stool of matrilineal descent and belongs to the Ekuona clanor Abusua. Traditionallythe Nfensi stool is called Boakye stool. The occupier of this stool swears to theAsantehene with the Mponponsuo Sword, the principal sword of the King used bythe heads of the component states of the Ashanti Union and other Senior Chiefs inswearing Ot- ef All,,!-ianc-. "o 'Te AsanteheiThe ancestor of this stool is said to have been NanaBoakye from Denkyira who migrated to Kumasi just immediately after the fall ofDenkyira Kingdom by King Osei Tutu in which Ntim Gyakari the Denkyirahenewas defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis. This chief called atKumasi with alarge retinue and ancestral stool of his own.Nana Boakye was the head of the Ekuona community at Denkyira priorto hisexodus to Kumasi. This chief felt incumbent upon himself after the conquest ofthe Denkyira Kingdom by Opinsuo - King Osei Tutu to stay at Denkyira. He

therefore approached the king for peaceful negotiation. As custom demanded wewas given a traditionalwelcome and made to take the Oath of Allegiance to the King thus exoneratinghimself from any rebellious act but just to serve the king and to attend to his calleither rainfall or sunshine. He was at a later date given a place to stay with hisretinue at his present place of abode and he was charged with the responsibility offarming for the king. As one of ,his cardinal responsibilities to the kinghe was tosend plenty of foodstuff to the King whenever the occasion demanded and ofcourse to send plenty of plantain to the King on the celebrated Saturday known asDapaah, that is the Saturday preceding the day of the Akwasidae Festival. He wasalso asked by the King to share boundary lines with the Biemsohene andFofuohene.Nana Boakye was succeeded on the stool by Nana Nte his nephew in the reign ofthe same King Osei Tutu. This Chief died at the battlefield at the Akim Warfought in the reignof King Osei Tutu.

- 2Nana Nte was succeeded on the stool by Nana OseiAkwasi in the reign of King Opoku Ware Okatakyei. Hewent to the Takyimanhene War fought in the reign ofKing Opoku Ware in. which the Takyimaihene Kwakye Ameyawwas defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis. He wentto the Gyaman War fought in the reign of King Opoku Ware in which Abo Kofithe Gyaman king was defeated9 captured and beheaded by the Ashantis. He alsowent to the AkinWar fought in the reign of King Opoku Ware in whichAbirimoro besieged Kumasi and other villages of Ashantithus causing damage to several state properties whilst theKing had taken the battlefield himself.Nana Osei Akwasi was succeeded on the stool by NanaSankarankye in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwadwo the great fighting Kingwho fought in the broad day light.He went to the Banda War with other chiefs in which Worasathe chief of Banda was defeated by the Ashantis after a fierce fighting, ho wasbeheaded and the skull sent to Kumasi. This potantate is said to have been ahandsome man with a distinguished noble appearance. His head wasimitated in gold and placed on the King's sword which caneven be found today at the court of the King of Ashantiknown as Worasa ti.Nana Sankarankye was succeeded on the stool by NanaAdu Tuah his nephew in the reign of Asantehene Nana BonsuPanyin alias Nana Osei Tutu Kwame. He accompanied theKing to the Fanti War fought at Anomabu in which the Kingfor the first time in the annals of Ashanti history did

place the state sword into the sea thus claiming for himself the traditionalappellation "Bonsu" meaning the destroyer ofthe sea after defeating the Fantes in the coast line. Healso went to the Gyaman War fought in the reign of this sameKing Nana Bonsu Panyin in which Adinkra the Gyaman King wasdefeated, captured and beheaded by the Ashantis.This stool became vacant during the reign of AsanteheneNana Osei Yaw Akoto because there was no ripe royal at the time to occupy thestool. Since ancestral worship is the belief of continuity one KwabenaAsibe a nonroyal of the Lhe stool was appointed a regent to/stool during the reign ofAsantehene Nana Fredua Agyeman alias Nana Kwaku Duah Ithe least pugnacious of the Ashanti Kings. This man Kwabena Asibe wassaid tobe a fetish priest and wasappointed as such to see to the day to day administration

- 3o' the stool. This fetish priest administered for a onsiderable length of time.One Kofi Boadi, a keen royal of the stool was at a J.ater date appointed by thestool elders and Kingmakers to occupy the stool thus declaring the appointment ofthe fetish priest -ull and void as a result of his severance from thestool. This manKofi Boadi was enstooled immediately after the Nkoranza War fought in the firstpart of the reign of King Prempeh I that is before his arrest by theBritishImperialists in 1896.Nana Kofi Boadi was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwaku Badu whilst KingPrempeh I was in exile in Seychelles Island. That King came to meet him on thestool after his repatriation in 1924.Nana Kwaku Badu was succeeded on the stool by Nana Adu Yeboah inthe reignof this present Monarch Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He died on thestool.Nana Adu Yeboah was succeeded on the stool by Nana Osei Akwasi IIhisnephew in the reign of this present Monarch Nana Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. Healso died on the stool.Nana Osei Akwasi II was succeeded on the stool byNana Kwadwo Fordjuor, a grandson of the stool in the reign of this same presentAsantehene Nana Osei Agyeman Prempeh II. He was destooled for mal-administration amd mismanagement.Nana Kwadwo Fordjuor was succeeded on the stool by Nana Kwaku Baah a non-royal of the stool in the reign of this same King Nana Osei Aqyeman Prempeh II.He was destooled for misdemeanour after 2 years reign. This man Kwaku Baah anon-royal of the stool it was alleged bribed the stool elders and Kingmakers ofthis stool for his enstoolment as such.Kwaku Baah has been succeeded to the stool by NanaKwame Boakye Ababioo a keen royal and a direct desc-ndant of 'The stool. Hehas Spent about thr(e -ears on the stool.

- . -Cli -f f o.- t:he Nf ensi Stool.1st C'.,eI' Nax'a Boakye2r'Cbjef Narma Nte3~C'ief Nazia Osei AW~,7si4th Chief Na-na Sankarankye': t Chrie f Nan~a Adu Tuah6th Chief Kvabena Asibey (destooled)7th Chief Nania Kofi B-'adi8th Cief Nana Kwaku Badu9th Chief Nm~a Adu Yeboah10th Chief Nana Osei Akwasi II11th Chief Nana Kwadwo Fordjuor (destooled)12th Chief Nana Kwaku Baah (destooled)13th Chief Nan~a Kwame B-nakye (present 1chief)- ~ ~

Classification:Informant: Record ed by:Date:Subiect:IAS acc. no. AS. 104Nana Kwaku Agyapong J. Agyeman-Duah 2nd December, '1963.MMAGYEGYEFUO STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.March, 1961±,

The Mmagyegyefuohene swears to the Asantehenewith the Ahwihwibaa Sword, a sword of less significance than the MponponsuoSword which is the principal Sword of the King used by the Paramount Chiefsand other Senior Chiefs of Ashanti in swearing oath of allegianceto theAsantehene - King of Ashanti.The Mmagyegyefuo Stool or stool of the nanny-ofAsantehene is not a royal stool or a stool of patrilineal descent, but rather a stoolfor popular inheritance, the enstoolment being the prerogative right of the King. Itis a stool dpesigned for household servants of the King who prove themselvessomewhat distinctive as to the job in question. It is an "Esom Dwa" stool,that is astool for the King's household servants.The occupier of this stool comes under the categoryof Anaminakohene a headgroup chief within the Ankobia Division of the King of which the Ankobiahene isthe clan head chief.This stool of the Mmagyegyefuo is said to have been introduced or created by theAsantehene Osei Yaw Akoto. .. The first Chief of this stool is said to have beenBosomoru Amoabeng a stool dependant at the King's hoisehol The King after the

creation of this stool appointed 3Q. Gunmen to serve under it. Tradition has it thatwhenevera stool is created by the Asantehene or King of Ashantin office Gunmen or to bemore emphatic stool subjects whoare to serve as Wirempefoo or Kingmakers of that particul stool so created arealso appointed.The principal or cardinal duty of this chief of nanny to the Asanteheneis to beinformed officially whenever there was an offspring of a royal issue pertaining toth e King and he is in fact responsible for the nursing and the day to daydomesticarrangements of this new born royal. Traditionally, this chief in question sits onthe left handside of the Asantehene whenever there is a state sessi orto be moretraditional whenever the Asantehene sits in state. This chief BosomoruAmoabeng it is said accompaniE the King to the Akatamansu War which wasfought at Dodowa in 1826. Although this war was one of the deadliest wars everfought by the Ashantis Bosomoru Amoabeng returned home without anycompunction.Chief Bosomoru Amoabeng was succeeded on the stool by chief KwabenaAntang. He went to Hwemu War (Togoland War) with Adubufuor the Buabasa -Gyasehene of Kumasi in

- 2the reign of Asantehene of Kofi Karikari. This war lasted for three years and theAshantis won the upperhand when so many captives were taken to Kumasi.Bosomoru Amoabeng was a stool dependant at the King's court.Chief Kwabena Anteng was succeeded on the stool by Chief Osei Nepin in thereign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu. He was a stool dependant at the King'scourt.Chief Osei Nepin was succeeded on the stool by dhief Kwadwo Gyedu inthereign of the same King Nana Mensah Bonsu - Asantehene.Chief Kwadwo Gyedu was succeeded on the sto!lbyChief Owusu Yaw, a stool dependant at the Kings court in the part of the reign ofAsantehene Nana Kwaku Duah ITT alias King Prempeh I.Chief Owusu Yaw was succeeded on the stool by Chief Kra Mmanyina whilstKing Prempeh I was in exile in theSeychelles Island. He saw active service of theYaa Asantewa War of 1900. He was a grandson of the stool in the paternal sense.Chief Kra Mmanyina was succeeded on the stool byChief Osei Denkyefiri whilst King Prempeh I was in exile in the SeychellesIsland. This chief took the oath of allegiance to the King Premoeh I on hisrepatriation from the Seychelles Island in 1924.Chief Osei Denkyefiri was succeeded on the stool byChief Ofori, a grandson of the stool in the paternal sense in the reign of thispresent Monarch Nana Osei Agyeman Prempeh II - Asantehene.Ofori has since then been succeeded on the stool by Chief KwakuAgyapong thepresent Mmagyegyefuohene who is also a grandson of the stool in the paternalsense.

Note: The village of the stool is Kyere Apatre a village of about 4 milesfromKmasi on the Kokofu-Kumasi road.

- 3 -Chiefs of the Mmagvegvefuo Stool1st Chief 2nd Chief 3rd Chief 4th Chief 5th Chief 6th Chief 7th Chief 8thChief9th Chief 10th CMiefBosomoru AmoabengKwabena Kwateng. Kwabena Anteng Osei Nepin Kwadwo Gyedu Owusu YawKra Mmanyina Osei Denkyefiri OforiKwaku Ag-apong (the present chief)--- - - -

a o. ace. no. . . 105Informant:Nan-, boam i e irve Ababio IIBesiasehneRecorded by:J. Agyetman-Dueh-. Novemb'er: 30, 1 963.Date:Subject:BESIASE STOOL HISTORYInstitute of Africni Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.February, 1964.Clas sification:

Besi.,xse is a. village a 'ýov.t 14. rija- froan Xiuasi on the KkwéBbairoad..The Besiasehern s~~~~*: -,ic '.-tntcherie with the Mponponsuo S-aord. Theprincipal sioWrd used by the Parrvw-,unt Chiefs in É'snänti in taigtho oath ofalle~ giance to the Xing. lie bu1owi.-rs to the Doni«agroi"*ihnthe Kyidom O1ivisinn .f.-e inTraditionally the iBei-ase stool is' knowin as Aboa-,ye Asare stool. It is - stool of-natr.lineal desoent-and be1ongs to tho Agoia Abusua or-clan.It is a iion-ore,<ated stood but h,:'s its own nancestral s3tool from Denikyira.It is saýJJ that ---r± 1O~lad days if IXing OseiTutv. -:r,hei Kunuasi was thec kr Tir a.så Käc;anm-,2 lis Royal Highness"_3arima Osel t2'ut -. 1aiiclc . dividklnai ohief b- name ýtbra;. .).~'C X ; DP,.k-.,-Jrahene * Kunasi orK~~a~ i -,-s.t thstime trkt vs-te of the )enikylrahene anvd Kin.j Osci Tutuwsat Denkyira under 1 kingship traininG. Åt the De±kyirca co-rt Osei relieved theburden of his trainin.r -,;ith an1 intrigZue with a sis-ber -,f the Dekyir'ahenpe -:ndc.s r-, "eult of -134ich hle had to flee. Ile vent to the 1aÉicourt to reåiffe his

studies if, not his intrigueå, 8., it i5s said that len Osei asabout to leave Denkir-.~oruoiul 7 &au hf hintedthis chief -b~'ei~cr :Ln intimate.l7Thilst 'Xing Osei 2las -1:uthi..3 chief Aboagye åsare sent his youngei-brté~hrname ~2'* pwtu .'hiraný courtesy visit.It wzjus~t rouzid sbout this time of -ba~e1,3a-r' s. errand to ~1-muhtsm.si7iH-d Ash-nirbehea.ded by kintrahene TIJane Scarko&ie MDte :t.d been seiit j-v the Kuxasi.peop-lå t. äk!rmu to invillte hri to occup.y ',,-e vacoant stool of his z-rjnd uncleNana Obiri Yeboah.This errnd nr) doubtA noinci(led Vith -- u,_usiness meetiri,ý of Ki-i,; Osei w,-hich w~as th--ei- p~kn lace at JAkr'amu. So King Osei asked the messeng erT."he jpurpose of his visit. and Twum, AboaSxye Asare tiLhsRoyal Hig~hnessthat he hA d been sent by -his friend Nlana i',boajip i iare to find out"hether ho -,-as stcill resident -.t Äkkwamu. Hi.s Rov!_xl Fishness it is said told thisemisso'y- that ho had ini mindi of sending

- 2someone after Nahia Asa-e his friend *1,,at he ,.as being taken to Kumasi tooccupy the vaca:nt stonl of hiL ;rand uncle Obiri Yeboah. His royal hi hnesfiarther stated that he uould like Tana Lsare to accompaiy'hinm to ium-.si as oneof his pillars .3fom Denkyira,Nana Asare upon hearing this --oiids neT;s said tfhimself that he ;ould surely meet his royal higjhness at Kumasi whenof courseKuntasi --as kno'.n as K'aang. This chief left Denkyira at a village or a placekfo.,n asDenkyira-Mnmmarayemu. 'He left with a large retinue for Kumasi.The numberof the .-unmen tru.ditionally called nas five hundred.When Nana . oagye 2st"--.. .-tiaue arrived at Xaase a vi~lage about four miles .1.vn *1'c; - e.t of Kumasi, -he' and his retinue called on I-ora Jiipa, his formerfriend at Denkyira, who had the,. talzen resience in Kumasi at a place nowiknovln and called Pi1suaase in the reign of iing Obiri Yeboah, one of the er-rlyAshanti rulers and had been appointed the Domai!k.7ahenae of Kumasi.When Nana 44beagye -,sare called at the stool house of Akora Nimpa,Domaiktiahene of Xumasi at Nsuaase, he spoke through one linguist b ) nameDarko ."--,pra. It uill be recalled that Darko ipra ;as one of the linguist ofKyerema Kobia stool, see iS ace. no. 4. .48. Darko Mpra and the Domaikl-ahneAkora Nimpa introduced I'Iana Aboagye Asare -and retinue to the King.The King directeFT. that the Dowai!.-iahene should go home with his guest Pandfetch him n place for his ler 'e retinue to stay. This chief was -:t a later date mcadeto take the oath of allegiance to the King after havingexpressed. his desire to stay -;ith the King and. his lar ;e re tinue.Nana Aboagye ,-sare, accompmnied the King to. theDormaa ',-Jar fouht at ;i-esim in -hich the Dormaahene took to his heels andDormaa Kusi the commander-in-chief was

defeated and decapitated by King Osei Tutu and his army.He went to the Denkyira ',.ar, fouht at Feyiase in which the Denkyirahene NtimGyakari iu3,s defeated and decapitated by the Ashantis.He also 7ent to cirai ..ar, fought in the reigsn of King Csei Tutu in whic!-h te.y.reat i.; met his natural death as a res t..t..'rotr lcted illne,3s at the b-ttlefield

- 3and never died of any bullet shot as alleged by the Akim people at thePre riversi:e.Nana Asare was succeeded on the stool by hisyounger brother Twum Apaw in the reign of Asantehene Opoku Ware.,He -ent to the. Ta1kyimieaaC ur, fought in the reign of King Opoku Ware in'.hich the Takyimanhene Ameyaw was defeated and killed by the Ashantis.He wient to the Gyaman W.r fought in the reign of King Opoku Ware in "w-hichboo Kofi the Gyamanhene -;as defeated and decapitated b t'le Ashantis on hiso,:n soil.He also -jent to the k:? r in which the Kin-, took the battlefield to himself andThe King was at th e battlefield when Abiriroro the deadly chief of efiinvadedKumasi and cause - havoc to several valuable properties of the state. The Akimshoviever uere totally defeated in this aar.Nana Tiwum Apaw ,as succeeded on the sitool ',y his nephew Nana Dan;iaAmisare in the re' -n of Ascntehene Osei Kuadwo the 7'reat fighting Kin,; whofought in the broad day light. This chief went to the Banca .ar in which theBandas were defeated after a fierce fighting.. The chief of Bandao, by n,meWorasa w.s described as a handsome ruler wi-ith noble appearance viasdecapitated and his head imitated on the King' s sword which 'can be found at theKing' s court yard today knovin a, 1r' orasa Tiri".It was during t-,s .jar that 1-e Ob auanin femalechief attached to the stool _Qated -lso fro, Denkyira Ivlarayemu to accompanythe occup uit of this male stool of Aboagye Asare. hilst thie i,.-Migrants uereresident at Nsuaase they became hened in and settled at the present area. Theysettled under a Kola nut tree and that has brought about the name Besiasehene.The ;,shanti vord for kolanut is bese; so these settlers under The kolanut tree areknown as besiasefo. The chief therefore of thesesettlers under the kolanut tree is knorn as the "Besiasehene". Theysettled underthis kolanut tree near a village called Asoyrbua. This village is about5 miles fromKumasi. As a result of scarcity of water, they removed from the spot in questionand settled unaer the kolanut tree vyhich is noi known as Besiase.

Nana Danl1,,a Amisare u-,:,s succeeded on the stool by 0ben Biremong in the rei.,of -lartehene Nana Bonsu Panyin alias Nana Osei Tutu Kv.iarBn He was anothergreat fightingl Hing of the nation. He also strengthened the ;shanti Kingdom. Hew-ent t, the Fant± -War fought at Ax.omabu in vihich the Kin-,; forto first timein the amnals of Ashant4_ history did plane the st.,te svord into t',he seaand didclaiL for himself the tr,,ditional title "Bonsu" meaning the destroyer of the sea.

Obenl, Birempong -as succeeded on the stool by Oduro Ferekye hisnephew in tkereigi of Asantehene Nana Osei Ya.:i Akoto. Ie accompanied the 7in.-; toAkantainasu !ar ::hich v\ar is said to be one of '.he iiost deadlies tever fought bytthe Ashantis. This chief ho:ever returned ho,.:e unscathed.Oduro Ferekye was sucoCe,Z. 3 n ,± stool by Tau, Akwasi Nsiah a g'andson ofthe stool ir the reign of, Asantehene lana kyeman alias Nana luo,,akuDu,-,,h I theleast pugnacious of the Ashanti \ings.Nana Ak.:,asi Nsiah ., succeeded c. the stool by NanaAtta-Kofi a grandson of t:.;tcom. ,Ln uhe. reign of hsantehene Kofi Karikari. Heent , all the Karikaeri 'ars. He was also on thie stool i-;e re.i-,; :fiaiL,.hene ,ana.nssih Bonsu.Nana .itta Kofi -%ras succeede!S, on -Eh3 stool by NanaKiwabena bu in the first part of che reign of Kin; Premeh I alias Nana KwakuDuah III. _-le -,!as on the stool wuhen King Prempeh I uas take", to 3eyc',elles .-lad by the . ritish Imperialists in 1896. He sa.w active service of Yaa 4santew7aWar of 1900.,Nana KQabena 2Abu. .as succe&aed on the sto6l by KICabena*Ekyem a non-royal of the stool in the reigni.of' this present Monarch Nana OseiTutu :A-Yman Prempeh.II. He Was destooled for ;- 7,aladministration. :,Nana Kiiabe na Ekyem has beer succeeded 'n he'gtool by Nana Aboagye - sare atrue descen.o-it of the stol: iLn the reign of this present Monarch ]..ana Osei Tutuk ,g eman Prempeh II. He has spent about 22 ....,: i. the stool-an'. he _-;s about 75years old.

CHIEFS OF BESIASE STOOLIst Chief Nana Aboagye Asare2nd Chief Nana Twum Apai3rd Chief : ~ ana Dankr1a Amisare4th Chief Nana Obeng Birempong5th Chief Nana Oduro Ferekye6th Chief Nana Ak.,asi Nsiah7th Chief Nana Atta Kofi8th Chief Nana Kwabena Abu9th Chief Nana Kwabena Ekyem (destooled)10th Chief Nana Aboagye Asare (present chief)- 5 -

2nd. Septojai-bar, 1963.TIII STMOL- IIQ [-T RY'&assifiaatiO:m.: Inf, oiMl.,Lnts:L A .S ,- S 106acc .no,

Marta Ohonoba DarAninOponyin Muribona Adu 2vnua Somiraicno .Reg2rded by:j.Iwtitute of I.frican, Studies, Urtiversity of Gbamt

C1LUTM STOOL ITUITORW. 1.Tr,.d:Ltionallj, the IaZrompim st001 is callod Sabin Afriyie Stool.5he Akyomplmhona o-vros direct allogivnco to tho Golden : jtoolof ,ýsh,-nti. Ho swer= to the lýsrtrltolieno with Vio liponponsuo sirorel. It in the-sword-which Cio heads of the componont stntos-of Ulo ý',shcaiti U-ion aid othorsenior Chiefs uso in s47onring alloeienco to the 21,91ý'ntohone.Ile is tlio Hond clan cllief of the Iýriclom and Domailbra Division of the King.210 Åkym Mpim s '11001 is SfýJCI to lv-ore boo- orij** eranted -y King ObiriYoboah when the stoo! il, the Domaikva or j-n-uvý.1-'-ig Obiri Yeboah is said. to hrvo erc-Äo,,ý -T-.o Domailmv,ý -wow .p inlais reien. The Domaikra Berårmi Group -Enon coinustituted ns - oilovs:Do loSewu9kaoolcolb"ý.p,1AkoroforomuAdenseGya Wa a s oThe foregoing to~ irhich constit-Litod the Domnik-ra BonklzaGroup wore låhus ur3od by King Obiri -,4'obor4'i to servo te occul2kint of t-hisstool. The origi-.-.nl stool name howavor 4s snid to havo been changod fromDomailkua inte AJryempim in Vio reiggn of Ung Osei TutuNåna Obiri Yobo,-ih it is s,,dd ercýitod this for his son Ohoneba SabinPazWinvhon ho bocýýnäo of aGo nnd call tho Domaikva Befficum C,-roirp wstatadwore made to serva him.Tko 11:yonljpip stool theroforo iss a stool of patrilinoal dencont Illklanua Dmall.It is sololv - or -ý!lo sons and grandsons of Cio Goldon Stool. It is no Inrobitaryroyal s tool.Clis Chicf Ohcncb.,7ý ;-)ý,-ýbin Pnnyin- is said to 11,-x-o nccon11I-nniod hisfatkier King Obiri Yoboall to tho Dorm-na -.rar foujlit at _'-0 tJh_' the Dor~ eno boenPrior to this combat, it is le ame d .1 - I do ated by iling Obiri Yobonh and hioc7,iofs st-n-b whonXulä--ýui w,-w of course fcnoi'M Natna !Tti,ýno,-1i, O.iirimliono nnd onaof the originnl inomborrs of tio XUM,"i St,-,te is said to linvo boon eli,-,r,-odwith the rosponsibilit-y of koopLag iratch or. Cr.o rord to -ý villag:o k-no-vm andcallod Abanpo= DnaEre whoro tho Dorman-hont-, presumcýbly lobonli Afarihad rosidenco. qS,jo (,Jliof -T' =0,-11 is

lå bi s-Iid to havo fnilo" to Allfil

- 2hi,% obligation by keeping Tatc'£-. on ljbo roäd as requested andconsequentlyUpon t-his fact the Dormnahone iib is snid attaciced King- Obiri Yeboah in asudden moment on one 33undýtv. "t ---s 'on. bhis momentous 1.tappening thatKing Obir! Yobocth -,.yoiz-ideci not alleCod by . UieDormnahene.Tb,di-tionhas åLI-i olden shields vrereused for combating. King Obiri as alleged was orsuffered a defeat from the Doma_..-_ý_._j, wýns ratläer uolýuvlc;Y. Dojýta,-diene iritli n shield durinr tIie The Dormeachono is ,säid to have been a tall rulerand Xin.- Obiri 57eboaji a short rvfler. But according to evidencoof the age-longt_ý--dltions, w'none-Cor tr-.io po',TerfUl rulers vrore wagfluij v,x in oldori e1.-js,, IG-he cor.mion prýäwtico I-jas t,?2Lt the tiTo should moet fimce to o,,1jlie of combat theDoxmaahene it is sni-d -,founded 1Ci-nc Obiri Ye-Don:ä. 2nore isho-v-evoxev:Ldence of Vic best possiblo kind ILänj Obiri Yoboall diéý not die at thebattlefield but iTas to,!_-on 11-Lorac tl ougt sovoroly uoundeý,b-,- his son SabinFanyin. De King i-u ij scýid diod rý natuwal denýk I-A XCwn--,si andi-fasburiod at an area adjccwrt to ',be -jroSont Barclays BaÅ* in Kumasi. It is åaldthatt dxu*ng the oý:chango of sniolds betörcen the Dormaahene and King. ObiziYobonhp 0heneba 3nbin Panyin -vas behind his fåther and got hold of the fatfixerand c3corted homo n.-1'ter the combat. King Obiri Yo'Lýcch 2;jto 11,-ývc die,'natilral. dea-Eri nt Kumasi ten Imovn as IC,,.-,-_ianj after a ~erD Äl iod of - out40 days. OhonebaSäbin it is said took the L-IiticÄiv.:ý, in V1,ý.o ceremony rTll14-ell toolc placeat an area in the XuL.,,isi BoxelaysIt is le_=nod frorni hiåýier urndftioncal circlos flant udhen Ohenoba Sabin Panyinw-,s oscortiIi.,,- his :"?,täher after tho eypisodo nt S.Li-TIt3?esu, theDoxmaalhono and ý-rr;iy ch,"ed X- _ Obir4 Yobonh no-id 1-iis 3r.bin Pannyinwith a view to captliring thoni. DUt 011c-nabn -Jabin Ji J i-s crossed theBantama, PUL- , ror v.Äh 1-iis :ý_-.id z:ýrri-joO, I-I-emo safäly_. Gäe-wbaSabin at this juncture swore Jc thl-tt sw-,1 1-n!.vý in betollmeaning I vill dic instoac o-LP -ýý.v Ohenob,-ý S_-.bin h--,-7-'_-igconveyed his fathor homo created -i uz-nditionnl horn for ---i ;-,elf -,77,-1 _chsounds even today by the saa Afficc .3,-bin 13c o".This horn it is s35id sel-va as å1 symbolienl oxprossion for -Lh-, soloimi morient.ribL-adition ýý!.,o iiä,.,.ý it tilnt <,,,s ý-ý rosult of Vhis. incident uhenover theAkye.ýipiEiono is crossinc s,ýid TL'Jror Baxtana ho äLlould be týak- en back----sidod starts all -ýhe -ýraditional vit-uperLitior-s to this ,ids incde i" *Yoeffoct. Aå a result also 01 nt of -vTo _ndinj- ---inn- Obiri bo ahby* tho Dormacthone on ono slu-ndny C.o Ozye.-,-pim s-1.ool 0,',th is roforrod toon the said SundAY.

so King Obiri Yobo,-_1 0.5 od on shiold wounds and -vyrýs o-ventuallysucceeded on lene stool by Iiis fvand -ophoi.T King Osci ni.itu.

- 3it iC larnod from contemporary r- orce that whilst Kn :;j ._:-TI .3 atAkwamu hisgra-nd uncle Obi:'X - died. The unt-hLT-ely CO' thhe king obliged the Asant fol) s Ziret to appeal to t.. Knyaschene, IaraFreduaAgyoman, a nephou of Obiri YoboeIh, be)caueC at th'.t time Osci,a grandnenhew of the V* ' tillhowever, wa-s unwilling to become the chief of such .2 go3at stool.", 9he eldersof Kut:- asi we.'a embarassod aboi.'t this state of affh.irs . The Kenyasehene,ana,- Preduia Aoreman Tlas ilck-named 'Dua. Bodee" (reaning a piece of wood)because he refused to accept the post of _1saniohoneeSo when IHa~na_ Fr-OJua Ayo.ian eclined to become the Kumasihone, the eldersof the Kumasi state appointed the Ucyeamehone of Kunasi who was -hen theproont Atutuehene, Lhe "!htorahene l'ana Sarkodie Date Bammofo (tallexecutioners of the Kumasi state) and some men of nobility to go doim toALnTriu to bring his Royal Iiigohnesz Bariona Osci Tutu to become theParamount Chief of Kumsi. At that time no doubt Osei was thouE~,ht tobe minorand an inexperienced administratoreThe Alamuheno, Ansa Sasraku on hearing this nows provided Osci, the firstAsantohone-to-be ith a body of acramu troops, thirty according to some versionof the saga throe hundred or seven hundred according to o1hers under "die ableleadership of his linguist Anua Asamoah. On arrival at Kumasi those Anumpeople wore not allowed to return home but were obliged to establish theirdynasty at Kumsi neoar.the nrea now called Adla. Doubtlesn., thie name of Anumwas corrupted into Adam. It will br recalled th!t prior to King OsoiTutu'sproclamation -s Xwzusihene, the cor mandor-in-chief of the Xuasi division wasestablished by his predecessors uas the Asafohene of K-uiasi with the title ofAryamfuo. But when King Osei Tutu established hia ruling dynastyat ITZWasilie--ight it proper to allow the Anum people to come under the category of theAsafohee of Kumasi thus croatin the A1Lo ramuhene of Kramasi asthe baad" ofthe Akwamu pioplc. So the present Asafoheno of K-urasi is the headof theAlawamu Division of the King. He is thus the A.araniene. 51 Ldumhenecomesnext in command to the kwamuhone of Kuasi. It is said in high traditionalcirclesthat the Atkyamfuo - lanamuheno and Dantamal-ene Krontihene of Kumasi haveequality of status so far as the Kuzasi Division is concerned, Ming Osei Tatifurther appointed "the 2.dumheno of Kumasi as his executioner. !1ll the Anwipeople were also appointed exe=tioners of the King.Me first Bantam-ene in the person of Iman1katia Panyin, who was a stool carrierfrom Denyira and bocnme the King's personal attendant was appointed by KingOsei Tutu iumediately he was p::oclaimed the Paramoutt Chief of .Kumsi.Incidentally when the news reached King Osci Tutu that his dear. uncle,Nana:Obiri Yeboah h,d been killed as a result of combat betueen him and the

Dormaahene, the king it is said became very distressed, King Osci, a strong. manof action, thought it proper to have hiT servant and friend, loanviaatia Paninbeheaded, thus making a sacrifice .o his uncle King Obiri Yeboah, But'cheAdumhone tden the Chief Iingut of KMasi state, who was also among thedelogation appointed by the is'uasL

- 4-State to bring Osel. from Akrnappealad to King Osei for lenioncy. UlheÄItutuehene thus brought tho head of' 1.. ankwiatia Panin with the lives of' s*even strong nen, who wero doubtle,,3 killei in coici blood ýund made saarifice toKincr ObA).ri Yobojh, Osol t'L~Tn~uncle oil tho u-~~ to Kuiasi,It J.s also learnc.. from thrsp> X.tr:r orr to t½ iiigtsdepartxre, from the Jkwarnuhene ts lier h s aw for the s xClcor-ifo Mnokye, his old friend at 7'-- --..<~s under,-,c * :L . of' -training atDonklyer,-hene ts couijt. This La who uotlion regardod as a vagabond TT.s sJti-Lg bohind the .kwanu2 no- a- ^,olioi.oid appealed to tho- King that hoe -Jculd LJ:e to -o a -1 ~11 -Kom fo Åo1ýye then knoim as CI':omfo Lokuo * ThTov-abond r1-1(1 a vosnof o iib A wTjIn excus-ol. by the IC-ing to go ln ~Iuh OcoO:uoukcto al:ghted v,--, to act as t:os0rt al ad OC3fl<)3.ýir P.CLvJJ3er ofKing Osci. He thus accoom-aniez. him to Kumasi.Nana Obiri Yeboah was thus succo3ded en Ihe *1 Jban Inw:i, - ýtocnlby hisgrand nephew J'Tana Osei K1tu. Ohioneba S'ubinl ryi.Was at thi-s 'G=', alsoaJ4.ve. So whon the KLing arrive-d fron LXvi-u asked Ohenoba 1-1-3bin Panylnabout the rernaino, of' his fah~ ~~-Obiri '-ebo.-i. In_6 C^in:.cbaSabin it is saidnarrated the whola ovont ieadinsý to ras ct1 s ota-bedto King Osei n-utu. This Chiief it m-, said ioryh;: on 1,1o al1ogorythat King Obiri Yeboah die,1 a naturcl Clcthi <t Kunrasi a2 n. ofoul &t slcirmi.shbetreon hin .- t, ornahone an.- GJied soue f'aw drys lately. But as cus tornderandod ho haÉ'. buidhin" ui. 1't full thrid-*ti-onl. rites at anare-, nowToppo.z.ito the present ia..-reloys Banrk building cf' thoKies City. nhe Tå17n,atthsjcto roulacthtOaa eii angthé 'son is of 'u nica o.2 h i~also riado a fxr- thor opoli sta -,t o t th1-a t 'ho w.-oulJd 6ro0a 'alir on the Do-laahene wit, i' 1ri :ic ullo to- and -1ot- t--t of' sbi dand sword. Ulho h.ing statod jhiikyo; 1 :.PY menr ~ o dds truck for ho t-i g.Te Kinj thon crIeatoei. ano-,, stool ior Chnb.Ebin sy.bolising--Ue failurL- of. theio 'strucl: zS2 the shie1dý« so % c% :.,. narno ör SäbitnPBanin stool was chtän; d.':iToaka na~i2'j it lt Jd learned Allat it wDä on thir,ver: CLay t1-hat thle sta-LLvn- of Sowadoröhiene - lAsafoh'ono ofKt;ziwaschangepd in'to Å.yxi-lo of 1ra KingOäéi Tutu also it1' is s':idl ero; teýd tho I)oUaikw iTIf Group whiel is! constituiteC- of' the -folloiking.TheICig l~oitis S:_ici on arr*v:l Iron, .'lJdanu entru ted his sonby na-me' Oiusu_Afriyie who hai led frori Banku to Ohioneba ',nbin P-anyin to be nurtur'ed byhin.

gö thå T-UnG-now rickdå :ll thfe nocossa-tIry. rrOP-rations to Tjaga _r-eal % Il-2 t: the- fI)orrnaåioniE ý whfo whs residentu at' SunAbesu -ahere wäi have_ theprésen.t Es tate buiidings thus not with Sihield,- and. swords. bWtärms and bullets ý

- 5Prior to this w:,ar it is said that Okomfo Pnokye the thenspiritual adviser and confidant of the 'Xing Asked that an important personality begiven up for the perfoanace of working certain miracles so t-at theKing would bevictorioi). Ohoneba Sabin Panyin it is said gave up his younger brother by nameOheneba Sabin Kumah to meet an adventure. Okomfo Anokye it is said invokedcertain talisman or object from the sky by narme Esin and placed it on thcneck ofSabin Kuunahi Okomfo n .okye g.ve him the traditiorzal blessing and ashed thathe should be responsible for the worship of the !.santoheOne s souland thisprince or Sabin KIlumah was nick-named Okra Dose, that is one charged with theresponsibility of worshipping of the iKing's soul. After performing this miracle,Okomfo Anokye it is said iformed the ing that he should pursue with the waragainst the Dorraas boc: u:se ho had spir-ituhally weakened the mIorality of theDormaahene and his infu.ntry army -aid tho TJin. -as rrely to gain theupperhandin that particeul,.a , war. The war evontuall:r e suedthe Dormaahene was totally deAsated ": the Ahantis ho co-.-anderin-chief of theDormaa infantry a-rmy DorI.a Kusi was capthured and. decapitated. h,_eDormaahene it is said took to his heels round about the area of Abosim -s fa backto Qyn n area - Ivory Coast.It is said t ' whilst returninr; from this war t"he Lhantiinfantry army settled at the pr.-3en area of 3cche where the Asantehene KingOsei Tutu who alco took the field --o himself sat in state and orderee thedistribution of the war booty. Uie area in question wrao -th-us nicknamed Bechemmeaning the spot for -the dis tribution cf war booty.It is said also that prior 2;o the for3going w.ar, a stool wasthus created for Sabin Ku,mah the rounger bro-er of Sabin Panyin 7rho wascharged writh the responibility of worshipping the -King's soul. His stool nazeiras thus made the i'iahenoe i eanin- an availing chief for the Asanteheno. 0ieavailable stool name of Hlia stool is Okra Domeso stool.;On the ret, urn of this sane Dormaa wor also, the ing created the Ankaase stoolnow Iyidom stool for his personal servant by name Amponsem whom he broufhtfrom g>Tanau. So traditionally, the IKyidom Ankaase stool is knownasAmponsem stool. It is said that ,aponsem fought bravely during this Dornaa warand the TXing thus created the stool for him to enhance hi.- dignity.Lfter this Dormaa wzl, Ohoneba Ta"in Panyin it is said met his death at alaterdate. He was succeeded on the stool b. Oheneba O-ousu Afriyie, XingOsei Tututsowi.n .:-ff-,Pring. This Chief, it ic zaid wient to the Denkyira war in which -' "rthe Deiryirone as totally defeated and decapitated by the shantis atFelyiase. Healso wei to the -Alcyem war fought in the reisn, of King Osei Tutu where the

icing it is said met his natural death as a result of a protracted illness whilst at thebattlefield..There is evidence of the best possible kind that althou h the King died at thebattlefield but not as a result of bullet wounds as

claimed by the Akims. Okomfo inoky. it i3 said had predicted that the KingWould surely die if he took the battlefield to hiuself. But King Osei a strong manof action assured of his prowess and a supreme ruler of considerableadministrative ability pos;in, a h-gh degree of patriotism with a wellbalancedcourtesy of Ashanti nobility overlooked this prediction of his spiritual advioer andconfident 0'kor.fo Anokye.Evidently, it is le.rned from hhigh traditional circles that the Kinghaving died anatural r~o,-th on ezir, soil unas perfumed wilh full traditional rites and place 1 ina coffin for conveyaico to Thnasi. Whilst cbossin: the Pra .iver with the King'sspecial body guard, some group of Jdcim military a-y U1I oh .ad harbournd on theway fired on the said coffin but never'dieloos the coffLn uas conVnientlyconveyed to Kumasi. This brought about a saing in Ashanti "Adak.' QGyeabovxr"meaning the dync; iic coffin which, fears no bullet. TUiis chief was also on thestool in the reign of ".,ranteheae Opoku -,Tare.He went to the Takyiman ,r Zou,&it in the reign of A:antohnoOpoku Ware in hich the Tacyimanhone Amoya.r was defeated ai deoa,itatec! bythe Ashantis.He went to to Cyaman war fou, 1't in The reign of Opoku '.ars in whichAbe Kofiwas dioc,-.pitated.He also wont to the Aki I ar with ic Opoku .-.rc i-. -hich -heKing was at the battlefield wahen the deadly news of X,.> irimoro the Paramo-untChief of SofwiL reached him. i. so ha-pened 'h at whilst the King wasaway atAkim, Abirimoro h-dd invaded LuTii. -He looted the town and destroyed ;miazyvalualble things.Re King upon hoaring" -This ters.1ible news despatched theAkompimhene lavna O-u3su Afriyie a 1c tbe ?antartahen hilst theKing himselfwas at the battlefield to i 'suo %his dead. chief. 3ut the Akyempimheneit is saLideclined -Lhis request in that he could not leave the father at the battlefield. .,h.eA1,kye-pimhone in turn appointod his younger brother iliahene Oheneba i.abinKumih, :uaso Odikro the I7aindicpaninhene TNnim, the Tyaninahinhene, andBantuenahono also appointed Brefo Apawv, Alnaboahone and ')ariOffianohonoto pursue Abirimoro and fight apa4inst him. It is said that the deputed Ash.;ntiarmy later returned to cnraai and reported to the sinC, that Aobirimoro in hisflight had stopped at Utpassaso and oened Lire on then. Abiriioro it issaid waskilled at a later dte the l. h he tool to his heels. 1±31: deputed Ashantiarkr toohfor theaselves all ohe land botToeen 1,hc Tehno and Bia the area no-known asAhafo. 'I le'o areas were nodo into n un: ground for the As-atehene.Ohoneba Owusu Afriyio was succeeded on the stool by Ohenoba Osoi Kufour inthe reign of Asantehoe iusi Bodom.

- 7Ohenoiba Oiuu Kufour wus auccoodod on. tho stool by OhoneobaAd". Osi ICra in tho reigni of z'santchenc Osoi Kwadw-o thio g-rcct fi.3iting Kingv5ho4 fou,- 1t in tho broad day li!;ht. il wa- n figlitor rnd mado soveral iTýxs bywiiich- hoa oxtondcd 2;h A Vxict po-,,T-r.Ohono )n Adu Osol Kra s ucoodod on the stool by Oh1onoba OwIxsu !nsa.h inýho ro:eiorsathn sc WLoOhDnobo. Omu lnzh Tr:-, succodod on tho ýtool by Ohonoba OMÄuu Koko in t-ho roi,,pn of i~ tohonc 13'mru Ekin.yin6ý who -vas- also kilour. in hightraditional cirocles as iTanc Osoi rjlulu LVaneum Asi 'be. Ile irr,11 ona of 4v1ogreatost of thio äshanti 1-in,- ehr.b OwU OOacipai~ i LttLo thea Rrti wars and fou,-!- i-a, roi. n cI ing 7so r-ns. lo,0 ncoompanied hisfåther to the Gyar'; , -- fougit in his :.ci 1.,ii i e1~o Adinlcra Kofi the GyamanKing was . c~~r.decapitatocl 1: .aruiOhoi~Nb Owsu 17olo was also on s tool in horeign u~f .-'3antbohaoN-an Osei Yaw 'J[otn cnd accorapaniod his fcthor tco tho ta~Lnowar. Althoughtchis war is sa-id to bo ono of tho doicliost o-nos fou.61t byr tCho Ashantis but horeturnod for ca considornblo longth of tino-1 cl3o soirod the lslan teliono NanaProdur, Agyan alias EiTna KI.D2U ah i thol s pungrLaciou.-, rulor of tho!Ashanti KinX n. Owuzu Koko it is sýici 9.l3o servod A"s,-ntoeone ITarma KofiKanriiari.Oho-,elb, Oiusu Koko war. auccoedod ou. tho s tor. 1)y 0Ohonoba- Subiri in thereign of A~noooKana ilnsa Bonsu. Ho uras on tho s teol inthe roign of -n rti tolhono Kwak-u Du,31 MI aliaS IýinC Prorapohi I. Hoaccomapr.iiod hiS father to Soychollos Island during h9is oxzilo bytho Britishii.perialists in 1896. 311o mot his deathi in tho Soychollos IslandlOhonoba Subiri uas ouccooded o-n tho stool by Ohonioba KiTaSi dabo vwilutXing Ir::c 1 was ini cilc in Soychollos IJ'.dOhonob, Xas .1d,-1o waDs sucircoodoýd on to tol by Ohon(--,-)-Osei Tutu uhlstho 11inc Tns still in oxilo in -iac Seychoilos1 Island.Ohonoba Osei Tutu wras succodod on 1.-c, s tool Iy -,Ohionoba Kwvcac Duahwhils t tho Migwas still in Soyci-oi.los Island. 93.10o Xing crxao to meot hira onthe stool af tor hls ropa-,tria-tion in 1924. Ile -uns also on tho stool in tho reign oftho preseont nionar-)ch Sir Osai Lo:nPrompohl II Ho iw;7s dos tooloci for an actof ConsuirlýCy ai.Ztårhis r~k.1 mon.-ich..Ohoneba Xwalcu fluah wa-s suc~o1on tho stool by Owuzu _Ljriyio I a gra2ndsonof tho stool. Ho wc-s dostooled for jnil-adinis-t-rition.Owusu -~fii II was succoodod on the stool by, -di prosontiucyompinho2o Ohonoba Boaky.c DflnkTa. Tis Uhief was2 onco tho Atipiriionaof the King in tho LJnkobra Division of tho King. 93ae 1,tipin s tool is also astool of patrilinoal doscont. U!his stool i-s ito- aebe oroatod by 'santohone17ana Osoi Krwo.

It is said that Nctna Ovnmu ýbho Ati-nirý-olic, -,r,9,S tho -ol% of

Asantello-le Nana Osei Undo.r cý of Liatri1inc!,-i1 (-!o.wn+. Wwwnto the Asantc pooplo. Fina OýrLisu i-L iý,, s,,-ýid waio !ý1Wonpimstool houso, but 'iL3 f-U-ior iTý uno .,,_3,,intohcne 0soi Tewqmo TheAtiPin, St001 is Of coUc,,_'0 Orio of pc.trilinorl doseý,r.t. It is aL:;o ýl, fft001 fortho KingtG sons -u-id "Jýo -Lho ý)roýiontBoq3qrc Danku,-. succoodod (.)llciiý3b,ýý a oJ^ Iý-ing Pronr.poh I onthe AtiPL-a atool ýs havin- tlso poriod of yc-,trs o--,ý, flio saidStool Was, elevatod tho Proiýi-poli Il tothe Akyempim stool. 11-Ic w<ýs olova-tocl -Lo -ýclio ýIcyoi:ýpira in1947 andh,%,,, spent about 16 yo,-ýra on -L.t-ýo stool.No te Lokmnd has it th,-ýt sineo tIlo Oludnho...-c- l-0 1c00-0rd on the way and as a result c., broach of tru ý-, .1ý11-.3 able to invade King Obiri Yobo,,',. .'kjompLrn stool -rljoctz fromý,p.pabame No. i-Tho took tho inti-i.-L'vo in cefosting tlio lmom as Abom in -U-io of IKing Osoi Tatu. did coripo,-,,o -tý-ic 1011ovTingw,,-r songs v.tiich runs thus:yý,ao .r,-.iao",to .',.ronton 1-2,Yefre ý7-onW0 ý"op osei 0Amranon i _T-Qanyinfuoi',wo , _'_.uo E3rc. donBos,-ý 1,.,TtiwwahOmanvi ý-fu&Lnslation: In Y0-11x uo 1.ý01-0callod bu t, in days of lý--Aic -,,-c)u -..T,-..ntus to -.,o _-xo !:)r,,ýve ;.ion o-.L',snk,_re. Osei '0' refersto King OsoiYou eldor3 -,-"io t-i2conday out -viere eliallelieo theenemy5, but you no-,T ýcýil ilý- to challen,,-.ý--- t*'.Cý enemW*

- 9 -CHIZ7S Or ZIEletå Chiof Ohonaba SabinUd. ýJllcncurý O-kr-louTiristinnsborc 174.2,3rd. Ohonabn Osci Kufour4£,- Ohonebn fåd,,i Osoi Iýnt11 Oho-.tob,,i Owwu X -06th-. Ohar-oba SiäiriIM - Oliojiobl,., ITiTacd

8-th, ti Olionob(ý Osoi Tutng-L. toto**. Olioneba Kim-ku jDu-- (do s- to o lo d)OholiobD. Oimsu -:.-L".riYie (klostoolod) Ohonobrý Lo,-:Jllcyg D---27 ýU; -s2-t***ode. -02Ol.-,.ool.:-!d 1947)

Classification, :Info rn ntNana Twum Panin II - Nyinahinhene.Recorded by :J. Aae ffan-DuaihDate :January 6, 1964.Sub ject:NYINAHIIN STOOL HISTORYInstitute of African Studies,University of Ghana, Legon.FphrIR.rV.. I96L.IAS acc.'no..A. 107

Nyinahin is a town 37 miles from Kuumasi on the Bibiani-Kumasi road.The Nyinahinhene swears to the Asantehene with the Mponponstio Sword theprincipal sword used byrthe Paramount Chiefs of the component-.states of. theAshanti Union and other senior chiefs in swearing' oath of allegiance totheAsartehene.Traditionally the Nyinahin stool.is known and called Twum and Sabin Stool,.This stool is -said to be ancestral from Ak',;amu, an ancient, state now in thepresent southerim Ghan-.a.The Ancestor of this stool Nana Twum from Ak-iamu, is said to have acconapaniehis brother Atta Kumah the Dormaahene to be in .-hanti region from Akwamu inthe ve y early days duri.g a migration expedition. This ancestral stool of Nyinahinis one of matrilineal descent and belongs to the .Eduana Abusua or clan. It is ahereditory stool.In the old days the occupier of this stool served the King of Ashanti'through theKronti Division. It is also to be noted that thi.:; stool of Nyinahin waa.amongthose original stools thus created in the Kronti Division by King Osei Tutu that isduring the formation of the Kumasi Division Infantry Amyo But sincethe customof language changes lilt the custom of life and at the same time mannerchangeswith mood or theme, the occupier of the Nyinahin stool at present serves theAsantehene through the Manwere Division of the King.

It is sa.d that the original place of abode for the occupier of this stoolwas at thepresent area of iwadaso then known as Akoroma 1,1peteaso. NanaTwum wasresided at this area on his arriving from Akwamu. "Whilst residentat this area Iana Twam it is said took sides of his brother the Dormaahene during thecombatbetween King Obiri Yeboah and the Dormaahene at Suntresu which is now anadjacent area of the Governm.nt .ustate buildiigs. King Obiri YTboahwasdefeated in this comat by the Dormaahene.In the subsequent Dormaa ar fought in the reign of King 0sei lutu, thePormaah ewas totally defeated by Opimsuo at Abe sim axn it was at t his juncture whenNana Twum, a brothe r of the Dormaahene was no doubut captured or mnde a warcaptve with his followers to serve.King.

- 20 sei Tutu through the newly constituted Kronti Divisi on of the King. So ulanaTvum it is said went to the Denkyira Iffar on the side -of the King of Ashanti in vhich the Denkyira King Nana Nti . Gyakari m.s defeated and decapitated atieyiase by the Ashantis. Nana Twum was also on the stool in tI reign ofAsantehene King Opoku Ware, Okatakyei. He went to the Takyiman -ithotherchiefs, fou 4it in tIz ireign of King Opoku Jare in hich he Ta-Kimanhene Kway zeAmeyaw was defeated, captured and beheaded by the Ash=atis. It is said thatfrom tho adventure of this war Nana Twum had two friends namely, Bofuor Biriaid Bofuor Dwah from Takyiman. These .two hunters discovered thepresentareas of ,aiiso _N.kwa-,ta anr _'fl awe-Panin respectively.Consequently, ti- _4k-ahuhene of Kumasi be camejealous beca.se of the ar casualties brou'ght from the Tayiman [arand tie-iappealed to the Bantamahene Krontihene of K..mnsi for a dividentand B6fuor Biras tradition ind-iCrtes was handed over to the Akwamuhene of Kumasi toserveihe .Asantehene through him as a soldier guard of the Asantehene.'Bofuor Biriwhilst resident at Manso Nk- -anta got married to twoa different womn and hadtwo sqns who became the occupiers of the Manso Nk-wanta stool at a: subsequent date thus making:'. the -lanso-.Nkwanta stool one of patrilineal descent.,It is said that through- sofnE domestic troublesthat cropped up at a subsequent date after the Takyiman War Bofuor Dwah,, oneof iTaa Tlwum's friends from Takyiman who had then taken residence at -Uepresent area of Nkawie-Panin t ook him and rietinue and settledat this area ofNkawie-Panin{. Okomfo Gyimah, the explorer of the area in question was met atthe spot so Nara Twum stayed at ,Nkawie-Panin., ,;th ''is friend Bofuor Dwah* fori a oonside.rable length bf tilie before migrating to the present area.of, i, Tnahin'wi h his ancestral stool a-_d). retinue. Nanm Twurm was residentat NyinahinwLen t~ieAkim War. fought in /de reign of Opoku Ware in which.,birimoro thedeadly, chie f of Sefwi b dsieged Kumasi and other villages of Ashmati broke out.Nana Twum then a-v-erY, old., .n accompanied the King OpokuWareto this..war, .;The. ing Dpoiku 7are it is Said took the battlefield himself in this war. TheKing Opoku Ware was at the -2' battlefield when the deadly news of Abirimororeached him.

- 3The King upon hearing thiz terrible news despatched-Ayempimhene and Bantamahend. from .the battlefield to pursue thisdeadlychief. But the Akyempimhene declined this request in that Le could not leave thefather at the battlefield. The JLkyempimhene in turn appointed his youngerbrother r:i ene, Oheneba binKumah, Buaso Odikro, Nkawiepanii-hene ;Twvmard the Nyinahinhene, in his place; and, Bantarnahene also sent BrefoApaw, theAkwaboahene aid Bari Offianohene to pursue Abirimoro and fight against him.The departed Ashanti army at long last returned to Kumasi and reported to theKing that AbirinmSro in his flight tad stopped. at Mpassaso and openedfire on,th-e. Abirimoro was killed at a later date though he took to his heels. Thedeparted Ashanti :xmy took for themselves all the land between the Tano and Biariyers, ie, area nov known as Ahaf o. These areas were: made into alhuntingground for the Asantehene. It is also learnt that the expedition to pursueAbirimoro lasted for three years but this deadly chief could nowhere be found,and the Asantehene ordered that all those chiefs v,ho too.,part in theAbirimoro'sflight should be care. takers of the various spots of their destination. Nana TwumBarima died lately. eter ths flight and was succeeded on the stool by his nephewSabin in the reign of this same King Nana Opoku Ware. BofrUor Dwaah theNkawie-Paninhene had also been succeeded on the stool> by his son Twvimase-Panin in tle reign of this same King Nana Opoku Ware. Twimase-Panin'ssister byname Kyerewah--. became married to tlh Asantehene Opoku Ware. This woman-committed an offence similar b that of felony at an area known in Kumasi as -theplace of the canons or Apremooso. This woman was adjudged guilty after a trialand was to mbet capital punishrient but was exempted from such punishment asshe was the daughter of a fetish known as Nyinahin Oman Ano. At this junctc-ce,the Nyinahin and Nkawie-Panin people who were more or less brothersof thesame impact were thus asked as tradition has it to buy the head of Kyerewah theexempted offender for one hundred peredwan (R9. 6/- times 00).Neither theNyinahin people nor the Nkawie people were able to meet this and consequentupon this fact Oheneba Owusu Afriyie the then ,kyempimhene wa..s approachedby the elders of both the Nyinahin stool aid the NIawie-Panin stool forthesettlement of such debt before tle fing 0heneba Ousu Afriyie having been able tofulfil such obligation, the Nyinahin people and Nkawie-Panin peopleautomatically became the subjects of the Akyempim stool so the Nyinahin peopleas well as

- 4 .the Nkawie-Panin people served t,- Asantehene through the following two 'chiefsand other subsequent' chiefs of AQcyempim stool : 'Oheneba 0gusu Afriy'-e andOheneba Ousu Kokor."Thexe is also an episcde or saying the annals.-of Ashanti traditional h±stoi-yknown as "'raman Gyedua. It so hap-oned, that - hen the Nyinchin people andNkaiePanin people became -subjects of the.Akyempim stool through F. fortutousdebt of an alien of these two tons Owusu I-oker the Akjenpir.ihene being more orless a tyrant had access -to these people and molested them anyhow as he deemed

fit, So one d,, some of the Nyinahim people committed an off ence aul. since hewho pays the piper-calls for thO tune, the matter as tradition has it was triedbefore- 0heneba 0-su Kokor, ynemPimhene and consequently., after the -trial heordered that the Nyinahin people be chained and put intb prison.As a result ofthis wicked act of Ovuua Kokor the Nyinahin people rebelled against himadrefused to regard him as their superior chief and nster any longer.:Ille matter wasdetermined by the King at an area now !knoIon as Aprimooso dr' the place of thecanons. Judgment however was not given in favour of Ov usu Kokorand hebecam adamhn-t as to the refund of the one hundred predwans paid by hispriedecessor for the buying of the head of Kyerewah the exemptedoffender. TheKing ordered that the Nkawie-Panin people and Nyinahin people should go backto their farmer division or clan which was Kronti, and serve him through that clanor division at his court yard. Oheneba Owusu Kokor became jealous asto thischange of affair and pressed his father the King of Ashanti for tlh refund of hisone hundred peredwans. This wicked act therefore of Oheneba Owusu Kokorbecame known -in high traditional cillcles of the nation as "SramanGyedua".After: the determinatf.on of this case, the Nkoranza War was aboutto ensue butOheneba.Owu'gu Iokor'still persisted not:to' allow -he Nyinahin people andNkawiePanin people serve the King through the Kronti division. Oheneba'OvsruaKokor was th1ls challenging an ordei from-the throne. The King t1in further ordered that one of his fewale royals by nameiana Akua Dehye should be responsible for the irIinahin and the Nkwaie-Paninpeople until the Nkoranza 'ar TWaS over. Although the Nyinahin and Nkawie-Panin took part in this Iar but they were not having any military division.

- 5It is also learnt that in the old days whenever the nation was taking the field forwar the Nyinahin people usually preceeded the Bantamahene or Krontihene ofKumasi who is ihe Com::nCor-in-chief of' the XurwaSi Infantry Armywith the -'etish Nyinahin Mereno. This Fetish is said to hLve b:o)en created byOkomfoAnokye, the spiritual adviser and confidant of King Osei Tutu.DurirEg the enstoolint of King Prenpeh I when a civil war broke out in Ashantithe Fetish Nyinahin Mmereno was on the aide of Prenpeh and predicted afterconsultation that Prempeh would be the probable choice of the nation"Nana Sdbin teigned for a long time and was on the stool of Nyinahin in thereigaof Asantehene tonsu Panyin. He accompanied the King to the Gyann War inwhich Adinkra Kofi the Gyaman King was defeated-and decapitated by theAshaxtis. He also accompanied,,the King tothe Faxti bJar in which the King didplade the state sword into the sea after conquest of the Fanti people at Anomabuthus, claiming for him the traditional appellation "Bonsu" meaning'.the destroyerof the sea..Nanr Sabin was succeeded on the-stool by hisnephew Nana Benteh in the reign of Asantehene 2 Osei Kwadwo, This chiefaccompanied other chiefs to the Akata ..un war fought at Dodowa ii1826.Although this war was said to be one of the most deadliest ever fought by theAshantis but this chief returned home unscathed.

Nana Benteh was succeeded on the stool by his nephew Nana Awuah in *ie reignof Asantehene Nana Agyeman the least pugnacious of the Ashanti Kings.Nana Awuah was succeeded on the stool by his nephew Nana Akwasi Foh in thereign of: Asantehene Kofi Karikari. He also took part in" variouswars- fought inthe reign of King Kofi Karikari.Nana Akwasi Foh ivas succeeded on the stool by his nephew Nana YawTwedeein the ,reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah Bonsu.

- 6Nana&'Yawi Twedee was succeeded on the 'stool by Nala Kwame Dei man in,the first part of the reign off King Prempe h I. Hana Kwame Dwemahwent to theNkoranza 71ar foughit in the first prt of. the reign of King. Pre:peh I with, otherchiefs. He was on the Nyinahin stool when King Premp.eh'I s arested by theBritish Imperialists under" t1e able leader ihip of .Captain Stewart tn 1896. NanaKwame Dwemah saw'active segvice of. the Yaa Asantewa ;ar in 1900.He if ougton the side of "Aban Dia".Nana Kwame 'Dwem&i -ras succeeded on 1he stool by Nana Amoako whilst ingPreapeh I ias in exile in the Seychelles Island.Nana Amoako was succeeded on the stool by Jara 'Kwame Gyamfi whilst King..Prenrpeh I was still in exile in the Seychelles Island. Her -as destooled for wl-administration.Nana Kwudwo Pepra was succeeded by Nana Kwame AbokyL an uncle of Gyamfi and Pepra both deposed chiefs. * He ;-as also enstooled whilst 0tuif'uo wasin Seychelles Island. Although he died onthe stool, his customary stool wasdisqualified in that he did"not die a natural death or a heroic death onthe-stool butrather committed suicide. Tradition has it that c1i-efs 1714o 'die' of such unusualdeath mst not have their personal stools blacked or admitted into other ancestralstools. Such chiefs are recognised as ruler of evil omh.. ,Nama Kwai. Abo.i was succeeded on the stool by I.TanaKwame Apoma a nephew of, rwame..Abokyi after the" repatriationof KingPrempeh I in 1 924. from. the Seychelles Island.. He, was destooled for mi rn-xia-enent.Nana Kwame Apoma -as .succeeded 6n the stool ',: _ ,.,'.,na Yaw Dwemah 'Ii in'the sec6hd' part of' th'e reign of iing Prempeh I that. is a dter his repatriation fromthe beychelles Island in 1924.Nana Yaw Dwemah II ,was succeeded by Kwasi Dwemah in the reign of thispresent 1.b.Aarch Nana Sir Osei Ageman Prempeh II. He was destooled in 1958.

-7-!r..Nana Kwasi Dwemah has been followed on the stool by Nana Tvmm pani n' ip,'esont occupier of the .Nyinahin stool He was enstoole d in 1958 a;d took theoath of allegiance to the..p3s n't reigning honarch Nana' (set. TutuA renn PreaehI, K,B°EO Asrhtehene.Note:

Nyinahin is the name. of a river vhich is in the midst of the town Md the tovrn ofNyinahin was nalnd after tIB river by Ihe eqplorer of the said village NHaa-'Tvum,.The Nyinahin peo'le and the hawie-Panin peoplewere transferred to the an~viere clan or division of the. king by the prspnireigning Monarch Nana Osei Agyman Prempeh'Ii B.., du:.ing, the.restoration ofthe Ashanti Confederacy in. 9.35,-'

-80oCHIEFS OF NIAHIN1s t. 2-nd~. 3rd.41th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th.i 0th. 11th. i 2th. 1 3th. 14th. 1 5th.Chiei.''ifIt it it IfMTOL~yNama Twuni Barima Nana Sabiri Nana Benteh Nana Aviuabh Nana Acwa si FoliNana Yaw Tweaee Nana Kwame flwemah Nama Amoako Nana iame Gyamf'i(destooled) Nana Kwadwo Pepra. (do stcoled) Nana KwanieAbokcyi"(deestooled) Nana Kwame Apoms. (dotooled) Nama Yaw Dwemah 11Nana Kasi Dwiemah (destooled) Nana. Tvium Banin II (th e present chi of)

Classification: Informants:Recorded by:Date:Subject:IAS acc. no. AS.108.Nana Nkwantabisa, Omantihene. Nana Owusu Afriyie IV Nkarawahene.Nana Kwabena Asare, Akumantihene.J. Agyeman-Duah.19th November, 1963. NKARAWA STOOL HISTORY.Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.January, J.964.

The Nkarawahene belongs to the Gyase Division of the King.He swears to the Asantehene with the Ahwihwibaa Sword, a sword of lesssignificance than the Mponponsuo Sword, which is the principalsword of the King used by paramount chiefs and other Senior chiefsof thecomponent states of the Ashanti Union in swearing oath of allegiance to theAsantehene - King of Ashanti.This stool of Nkarawa is said to have been created by Asantehene Osei Kwadwothe great fighting King who fought in the broad day light. This stool comes underthe category of Buabasa - the Gyasehene of the Gyase division of theKing. It ishowever worthy of note that the Gyase division of the King is constituted of five

groups namely:Samanghene, Kronkohene, Dadiesoabahene, Anantahene andGyasehene. Each group is independent on its own but they constitute the Gyasedivision of Asantehene. The Samanghene is of course one of the accreditedhead of the five groups.Thus this stool was created under Buabasa -,Gyasehene of Kumasiby the Asantehene Osei Kwadwo upon a distinctive purpose. The Kingcreatedthis stool for his own son Owusu Afriyie to be responsible for the cap guns thatwere being conveyed from the Colony to Kumasi through private negotiation thatwas being carried on between the King and some important personalitiesin theColony. The main aim of the King in creating this stool was to protect him withguns. Afriyie was made the Head of the Nkarawa Tuo - Head of the cap guns ofthe King. He was to precede the King with guns whenever there was a StateCouncilsitting or drive. Three hundred gunmen were thus appointed by the King to serveas substitutes to the stool.Oheneba Owusu Afriyie was thus succeeded on the stool by Oheneba OwusuAkyan who was also a son of the same King Nana Osei Kwadwo. He was onthestool in the reign of Asantehene Osei Kwame.Oheneba Owusu Akyan was succeeded on the stool by Chief AkowuaAkwamonu in the reign of Asantehene Bonsu Panyin. This chief accompanied theKing to the Fanti War at Anomabu where the king won for himself the traditionalappellation or title "Bonsu", destroyer of the sea, for being the firstAsantehene toplace the state sword into the sea as a sign ofvictory over the Fantis. He also went to the Gyaman war in which AdinkratheGyaman chief was defeated and beheaded by the Ashantis. Akowua Akwamonuunlike his predecessors was not a Prince of the Ashanti King. But acquired thisstool by virtue of choice of the kingmakersattached to the stool.Chief Akowua Akwamonu was succeeded on the stool by Kofi Kwakyein the reign of Asantehene Nana Fredua Agyeman alias Nana Kwaku Duah I theleast pugnacious of the Ashanti Kings. He was on the stool in the reign ofAsantehene Kofi Karikari and went to all the Karikari Wars. Hewas also on thestool in the reign of Asantehene Nana Mensah and served also King Prempeh Ialias Nana Kwaku Duah III in the first part of his reign that is priorto his arrest bythe British Imperialists

- 2in 1896. He saw active service of the Nkoranza fought in the first part of the reignof King Prempeh I. He was in fact a relative of the stool and not a prince of theAshanti King.Chief Kofi Kwakye was succeeded on the stool by Chief Kwabena Duah duringthe Yaa Asantewa War of 1900 when King Prempeh I was in exile in theSeychelles Island. He was a relative of the stool andno prince of the Golden Stool.Chief Kwabena Duah was succeeded on the stool by Chief Owusu

Afriyie a relative of the stool when King Prempeh I was still in exilein the Seychelles Island.Chief 0wusu Afriyie II was succeeded on the stool by Chief Kofi Buor a relativeof the stool whilst King Prempeh I was still in exile in Seychelles Island. KingPrempeh I came to mept him on the stool after his repatriation in 1924 from theSeychelles Island. He was destooled for misdemeanour.Chief Kofi Buor was succeeded by Owusu Ansah III a relative ofthe stool in the reign of the present Monarch Nana Sir Osei AgyemanPrempeh II.He died on the stool.Chief Owusu Afriyie III was succeeded on the stool by the presentChief Owusu Afriyie IV a relative of the stool in the reign of this presentMonarch Nana Osei Agyeman Prempeh II.

- 3 -Chiefs of Nkarawa Stoollst Chief Oheneba Owusu Afriyie.2nd Chief Oheneba Owusu Akyan.3rd Chief Chief Akowua Akwamonu.4th Chief Chief Kofi Kwakye5th Chief Chief Kwabena Duah.6th Chief Chief Owusu Afriyie II.7th Chief Chief Kofi Buor (destooled).8th Chief Chief Owusu Ansah III.9th Chief Chief Owusu Ansah IV(The present chief).---a---

Classificati on oInformantK-.asi Anane.Recorded bvJ. Agyenmn-DuahDate :25th November, 1963.Subj.ect:SUYMA STOOL HISTORYInstitute of Africc~i Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.January, 1961+.IAS. acc.no, AS. log.

The Sumahene ovxas cirec-t :alleipinc- to the Asc)teherr . He

swears to the sante1ciu ,-.Th the .A.wihwibaa i wozd a swor.. of lesssignificancethan tho 14.ononsuo Sword, -.hich is the principal sword of the King used byParamount "hiefs and oticr Senior Chief,?3 of the component statesof thc kshantiUnion in swearing AlJ1egiance to the Asantoh enoeThj Suma stool -s a stool designed for household servants.of the King. It is no royal stool, but rather a stool for popular inheritanceenstoolment boing the prerogative right of the King. It is an "Esom Dwa" , that isa stool for t1- King t' s household servants.Traditionally the suma stool is called Oppon Panyin Stool.This stool is said to have been created by King Obiri Yeboah.The duties of the occupir of this stool for the golden stool are classified asfollows:(a) To provide drir- t o Otumfuo the Asantehene, the occupantof t1- Golden'Stool when taking traditiornl meals in theafternoon at 2 o'clock and in tl-L evening at 6 o'clock.(b) To provide water for the cleaning of hands of theoccupant of the Gold: Stool after the traditional meals.(c) To see to thei6eleaning of the King's hands -ith spongeand towel after the traditional meals.(d) To provide the King lith chewing stick after. thetraditional meals.The first chief of this stool by name Oppon Panyin was a stool dependent of theKing's Court Yard ard was appointed as such by King biri Yeboah,Oppon Panyin was succeeded on he stool by Ahemang who was also a stooldependent at tie King's Court Yard in the reign of King Osei Tutu Opimsuo. ChiefAhemang was also on tih stool in the reign of Asantehene 0poku Tfare Okatakyei.Chief Ahermang was succeeded on the stool by chief Oppon Kokro in the reign ofAsa-Ateheno Osei Kwadwo the great fijitirC King itio fought in the broad dayligt. He was also a stool dependent at the King's household and was appointed tothe stool as such. He reigned for a considerable length of tine.

Chief' 0 'pon ,ý'okro -was sucöeeUd on -åkie stool'by Chief Yeboah13 . i.,in the reij:i of 0 sci iýi.ýiamo, '--'ýbccal also astool deDandent at- -dio KingIs household and vras ap-Dointed to thestool asSU«ý4, r-,9 ais, :.-c,:,LI,,.-L-ý,ý. fo--- z-, 10--ýv -rion timo,CIiief -lebonkl was suc,,;ceded on the stool by Cý--icf Kwame WII0 . -:s Court Yard L-nd iias- s a -I bool -.cpeiiden-l- at the X-:ng' appointed cs such. J9-iief -ý-,äame was snäccoeaed on. 51ie stool b- 7Wesi Ananethe präsent Suriiahår.cNote :The stcol villas-e attac'--,ed to this stool is kno,.M as0 dum Anäf o. It is a village of äbout.1021 miles f ro ni Ku ria s i.Chiefs ofSuma Stoollst. Ghief

2nd. 3rd. 4th. 5th. 6th.Chief Oppon Panyin.Chi,'Jf Ahemang. ChiefOppon Kokro.., M ie f > Yeb o ah, Chief Kwaire Anane.Chief Kwasi Anane.

OJrsiMc tion: A tc. n. rr'10Inf ormaants :Nahna Owitsu B3anhono J'~afli Yra% LoonaC III-Truku Pepr-- IKenyaschon l'ony.-scheneJ ., ycan-Duahl.Da toeSuject:.I!4 --I--ThS- STIOOL HISME.LTInstitute of African Satudios, Univoi-sity of Ghcan2, L co a o n.August, 1964.no .Rocordod by:I.-It -Mrch, 1964.1113IItece

Im171- -i 02, H iS -0 RY-s n äTKöny,-ýse is ert villajro 6 rAlos 'from räri-ý.-i on ol, Road.The Konynsc stöol is on(,, of i-.,,itrilineal 2,,oscont cmd formsoomponont part of Cio Oyol:o Dývision or dlan'of, C-o kä ng. I 21.0 0y01[0gvision of -Kio KinG'is elassifiak! u-nciår throo ho,-ås ~ raxio.13,''oyoýc'o I -j*jbohy( Oyoko Atutue, rmd Oyoko BroricAg. 1-c1.1 o- J--llbco jcoups is indo-pondmité Ihe Oyokoheno J.. is the -ýåcrqjitod ho- n d Clnn! Chf apl)ointAby tiKing. Trn_ýlitionärlly tI-o Oyoko clivision, which ihto throe4 ons witli their independent.-sell-ic,,,- IrouI-jr cliiefs 'ä o ns ti tothe Oyoko~.Kudu0. 9ý,.thc.,1ä-ÄG. Ihå "0-oko CI,-bn.,of course L- thå royalclnnof thä" Äntion. but...wi tiln-.<U , 'fdiýönt el,-tssific,7tioim. 2ie Cbic f ö f the;.Oyoko o f- th6. King. yhå.',eons.ti. , tute Vo-e Oy-oko-Kuduo rwo as follow-ý.:0ý7-_olco AboUoni Oyokolione of ICULlasi2.0 Ronyaschbýrie3. 14,-arl)ontorfi-lono4. Ijv:i nasoliono,B. Oyoko Atutue

Atu umhenoAhonkro-lo,- oAwienho-.--o8. Pamp,-tsohana2yoico_ Bron,.2ýa9. Oyoko-Bronanhåno-10. D, soresohonoKony, imars to tho ',santi-,hone..i,,il;il 'Co,',- omiponsuo SI-Tor(Tbe -sehono. .,s -pt-ho principal Svord of.o U16. Of h,-mti usod by Micfs,,andother Sonior Chiofs of t110 ;_.91-ianti, 1111ktion insimaring 0 n VII 'ö£ ailozjýäc- to-',zthc..ý,säg:ý-ýehenq._.ý:.!*, .c a o 11o no 'ivrýýyä, -Uýio uncle ..of Tradition:bý,is" it tha t the X' ny s s aÅsantehone 'and, boloRgs töj.tho. Oyoko Abohyan clan or Abusua Ivo iýh! chthe.-,'.ý, 1,5,--aitohene bolones-,

2It is lon=t -fron top trnditional eirelos tKat descondnr-ts ofNana A4:yoim. 1"yauo# tho grort nuoor. 1.7otior hnvJ-nf-- seautorod,t:.,'ý,,tntemanso sone settled at Kokofu and others took theirý,raNr te) thopresont ý-roa of Kuuasi.It is le,-,xnt £ror-, other trlditio.nýýl so-Lweo3 ti,-ýýt ý,, sorvnnt of tho Oyoklopooplo fron Kol-,ofu ,ý,ho l huntor by nario i',birifo jýly,-týao exi)]<Ored theprosent area of Km,"i -i,-id ra-,oo--tod news of this o.plorntion to his n,"torp -Lý-10 Oyoko pooplo* "-,!,meostors ,.ýncostrospbs of iCin,.ý- Osei Tatu naidsug..rps.'md th_.t ýhon i,ýciuld boprosperous. Qnd, boorliý1,r,- f oIt s zaid that -s ---,?,n 'to sot foot on si soil_ýýý tthb Oyoko people fron o ,ø Nana Baah 'i 1ýzý.ma h: w," tL fiiýøý el,ýns hýmtoi- 'h,tvo boon ',ýý,-o --ovm6qs-t brof' Tvun -.ýnd -ý;TI-io rxo bro thérs' oi. -Lle Oyoko 1,.bohyon Clnn p2ý,41bustia o Nam Biý K~ -hýývin,,-,, ozplorocl -Uid rýrosent aron.novod n.littlafuriýier and o ttle å at -t villagé C,-ýllo d ýko' htýnt w*,-ý whi oh vi!lLý,,, is r- cc,-r tTia. prosent oZ Nnn.11 i:Ligr-),tod with c-, rotinuoand sottlod under a troo ca*llod IC -1brouCýht *ýýoout ho. prosentncu2e of Kony-taso - -ýhat is _n vill,.6-o undb.r. ý,Lcpdwono tre0. Causa, ofthe exodus w,ýLs duo to the f--et-,th,-ýt..,tbe'prosolýt znxon of17.onyaso -masfound to be of 3:ioro coE;Lio-reial vcýlu-o-*+,b,-Ln the -ýroa ofYontont-,m.It is al,,3o to bo notod thrt bQforo the explorýýtion of the prosentaroa of 1Cizi,"i was thon knowh' -Is T«CiTaný-m Kwrll, i vr,,:w full of Sevorallittle principalities and republies -,i.M.dh !,,ro tr-ditionally known ns ý,dikrofo orto be noro omphatie enboooors without,.ýý-y roeo6misod head. Narinnom Tv=and ,'ýntii who woro kiioýin to be Sonior brothors of Ham Bac4ýh lýui-ih did ofcou--so ostablisji hý3i at the prosontrýdiýit, dyr 3ýaroa ofýýKonynso.

proper ir,"' discovared 2 a lvter dato (1ý,ighbourh od of tlio preso:nt Poss . thebuildings aro si twntdd. 'tie' o.fKunns i lfas b ouiRýi t fron 'a eor4,-,,iin Ola indy kAowp. Yebo tLio .for

thir ty produans by the ancostors of T-inG Osoi Tatu.JýnýIIMCZITäg smör~~ dn' Lo, a to P1 b-Y s 2In in tho roign of O'ti-Akontonyhýy nis. -aKoköfU tifýÅ and .(yf thö OYÖko CLin In 111ho -ntcxnnl sonno. ÄmrorlanITIýs 01-v. Ulö stool of xolK 'A&UN u11011 Obi-ri roboall~u-tko. 110 0e 'oränn P,Obiri Yobonji to tilo Lonin, Obir'I ýt Ilullti-oso in whiellYobdgh,,iT- tqZ aý pslj.,.,ýqtwoon hiri and tlio DorfinhonoVi-Tås romid åbo-ut t os,Il tu i h. 04 Tu.tu rttäkýauu 'U-_,,'ýt h*is '-rnnä- unéiä;,,,Ä.kgrc_ Pbird: Yoboali,diod -is -t botäcla'rydisiputb- tjio Dorffäcalcno.ý-ý Ziciiiadvokýän-tiy dti 1,ång Obiti, YO oå11 t110Tätu.'Tas 1, 0 -1 t 49-:JUnti doa -ffi 0 'tl'rio lo, läwý olbli: d nobleå f:rtälc' t6 t6 1c110tho Konya>ý0110n0 A-031-in Lorom-nr pliotT of Obirl Yobq-,ý:,bocausa at that tinc _Osoi =nd nojpläw ýC' TåJ-lg Mr-I bon,1 uU-le TConynsöhono', hovovcir iTns ~ untrillin- t6 bo conc thö_,,,ninor 2, ý,: f 0 f Ta gro -stböýte jic élderr. o - s w-o m ömb a rr r - od. bou t t2ý i sU' TE,3 tälusXý.f- ":m'ffn I'rs" länha -A-o (i lani 915 kr 10 å- i i tt, B U66,0 (m ci hi n g ný piem.,of -wood), bo e nus o lic rd-1401'd i c m p t t: 1,x: 3, ):r to*Ylio no.pa ri . t 0 1,1ý NmrlsollowTradition 1-in.s it t1 icý t 11f tor Tanå" 7:ýotlun 11.mrp licalo,: h -'rh -,.,äéclinod to boco- t:,.iowhö s Di;Ln- Bgdoev' tAd.o i dýc. r's oý'f -t,,h-,,o 7rcxý 1 3, ap odj..1"tedý" tiýO Vonr.lolione o:ý 1:"ýs(wi.-10 vnz Icha påh t '0X Atutuohö'nq'..by',, .Cing Osoi) tjia ,'icPIjqna S-wkodla Dator Bamofo (tý--ill xmcutå;o ricrs of vio, somemén. of uQbilitnj to gokom4...,to Ajcvnuu to bring Ilis liighnöåsq tnximncOSQý TV-JU4 to 'PPCOMO th0 Mujor noOsQijvnp thought. to bodouble# a ninor åfid Inc 0WM h -tsr-ku o yt ý. lya ari rý Rrovio~.od Osel,

niö vicu 2 h o rh-- P'1- lk -n a C f ng-,-.t'ÅiåI 11ý1. . , : .,1 ) ;.- ;: I n - 1... ulftho first with a body of troops, tiiirty according

to some vorsion of the sagg tliree hundred. or. seýren hundred _aceord-Jng toothers, under.-thealdle fe-adership ýf Amm Onarrival a t 1-,'unas i - the Eýo - AM'x;, 'p -o o ple woro, nøt'alloi,-ed 'to re -kurnomo but -ýreie obý4ge.d..,-to establidli their. dynasty Ba2?ima Osei. ,Wtu waoiwr:ýva";:IQ-mt -Chief etas euchTra(liýion has i.ý th---ýt -ý.Tlien -Barim&', -Ose i ,3roolairied.Paý?aLpun Chie fof Kumas i -it was for the firs t time, in., -U-ij, -of that he swore tbe, Gre-at'OatJh" 'of Ashanti: ica 1,Ttaiý,cQsie -Sedie ne wofe, Obi.i Yeboah ayé'nb* a"*ra na. i.ioýe be tooé o King Psgý.Aýýrore.by his Oath to fol.loi-T thd-footateps of hia erbý,nd i;Icle Obiri Yeboah.-,-j: AfterKing Osei 2utu_s.. proclaation as the Paramount Chief of 1,umasi? 4e, thought ofwaýging war against the Dormaahene thQn at. 2ie Do=aas.had caiised the death of bý.s in a Sumtrésu. 2-ieDormaas were at -ýhis junctvxe' defeated 'åtý A'ýt)esim., Taýu,a strone man of action .4ad-,mobilished forces mainly,,qf -thý Xmasi DiviaionInfant-ýy Army tg fi&it'-a t thi - de,-ý q41 GT, o f t the Dorm~The DorAaa antook to s he o le a nq -i a, a ýh ýmaa ICCus the eommanler-in"&.,ief.of- thEý,ýo'iýraaa 4rmy 'de-Capitated:.AtAbesim. Nana, ýwýua 4Tjerian the' lýeiiyaseheiie who liåýd oricýe-dieelined th-ecancUcla-'t= of the kbwan.;Dvra on JVIi6 stool of -(;Iie Ken,ý,-ase. Chieflicemp~4 King Osei te tlleNana 1'reýý Agyeman we'nt' to the. i ni vi 2 x E, 0 1 ýl e, irý,in -ýihiýDh theDenlWirahdne lýtim (ý,yakari t bed.- ýy..,the Ashantis at Pel iase ý,-lTýLna Predua Agevpn. al.ý,o the fought in theKi ng, Oýýé i -Tu -ILmNana 17!Lýåuaý'',AMremah wa.ý svcoeeded oTý.ý LWé a too-l b --r.ianaAnb.Y'i å; relative of the. lEe.ýåso Isto 01 in tl-le ro:ýý bf Asahtohene 1,Tar,aý.So' went to the rihkyýiaý'n 1,T."jar fouý,-lýt. in the.. relEn of King Opok-u 1!al<-iý,kCh :tboTýakyiManhå. '1 -ea -ta té cýýé yaiT was de fr te.d. and de-odpi I by the..k ýRntid.

Nana Antid also ýT-ont. -to '-ýno 4Jýc:Lm '-!arr. fou,2ýht in Vle reiýgli ofAsantehone Opolu Uare in *ý-Thich Abirimbro ý1-i ý.',-iig of,.Se:tki,-invadadKumaz:L and othar toin-jz -and. clostroyod o tier valuablý, prop(-,r'-by...xrhilstthe King was at the battlefieldaNana Antsd i-Tas succeede'd:,on -Eie stool by Nana Oko Gýran a re lativo of thestool in the reign of As-t,,.-itoho ne Osei the fi6itingKing -viho fou,<ýit in the.broad dav,

Nana Oko Gyan i-tas succ,).,dod on 'u-Ilo stool by !:,pcnsra a relative of the 2toblIn the reign of Aý,anto"i'iéno -.Tana Cý,,ei '1-77,jAø.Nana Apensra i-re.s su'c-oeded on thq q too 1 i.n -Eie ro:Lgn of Lsantehene NanaBonsu Fanyin alias Nana Osei 'Tutu. Kwaiic by lýaiia 01ý-yore Koka*Nana Okyøke Koko was succoedýed on -1-,lio stool by 1,7 Fr dýa lwemuin t4e rei gn of the same Kýng 1",ana Bonsu -,any-.Ln ali,:Ls --,Tan,ýaOsc:L'Tutu K-vamø.Nana Ibeedua Asemu was su(>cceded on t"-ýc stool Iby ý-jana. OLycreA-36taab,;-.. Ile x.-Tent -Lo the Cyyaman -,Tar foujit in.-Uw roign of Asantohe-,m,Nana Bonsu IPa'Ij3rin alias. lTan a Osei Tatu in kihich 1.dinla,,1 Kof% the andbeheaded by. lý,8hant:Ls. Uiis chiof .ý,ýPtý1--od ..,ed--anded ono -UioGyaman 61iiofs -bý, name chi6;r of Sbko, and. -ýhus won- fg*''himself +,hotradit:lonýLl appellntion .,ýenåaba'Kyipýoýokyoro A;ýoroll tliat.ib ho'ý,Tý-lo.'could capturý--.r.od-bandecl.Nana Okyero AseriAaba 'ý7es :3ueeced.ed on -Uic ýg.tool by. ITana-Sofa ln«the reign of Uiis c4lof accompanied:týie ICin,'ý , -'co the Akatam,-ýnsu -nr and rotp.3ýiiocl-ýiomo fiorce bloodybattle*Nn-a ICi-7ýýbana Se:r4 v,"- sud'c(,-edod on the steol Osoi ICwrase. He was ontlie stool before. King- tr:ý1,on tq.'-Se choll'ýsý-,' Island In1896 by the Briti3h imperiali,13 ts.Sané, Osei Kenyase -ýTaS succoode.d on tho G Ilm o 1 by BariL-L,ý:L OmlsuAm ah ý7hi ls t Kin6ý ýPrempeh I ~ wý.s still-, inin tlic -1 los Islåtd.

Barima O-vrusu Ans äh succeedad on- thé siýIool by Barima Öpolm whilstOJmmfuo w," still in exile iii the <gpyclielles ,:y.,'nC=0 -gie-' sä-tbioi Y Pte:é hi s rwq,-ýtricÄ±o-n n 1924 :-,;-"2bxima-Opoku sucepojed on the åtp o i by Jklna ÖtMåu: Ägfornn inthö -of -alib preýo* lj-L 7TO11~?X011 Nr.n- Si OseiHe abelic,-.-bc-ýd on Ii-is oxni nceorci;y an- Osol Aoibey.,ý,jahd- Mau, Ä worlän u-.c wa e e o- d o s t o o I 5äin the jräignåf--äis same TTe n190!-tbdicated on his mn irdtiativo.Barimä- ÖseVAsibey x.ras. succoeded. on t,xa: stool by Bariråa,Kkabona Sofå IIin the roign of this same lionarch Hana te gläo:AbU.cåteä-'11,_hisvow'ninitia'tiv.e..ý..Barita Kkabena Sefå II lias been succeoded on thosto-ol by th6Present Chiof -IT-= Oinwu- Bänäh&ne -in 1959.No La(a) Tåa Ko'PyasehéW at timäs the titlo of'.Bnrjnainstoad*of 1ý,-uj4 bacatme. of liis royal blo. dM- Tjr,-xclit-ion,ý' 112.8 it tlati.n cåso thore is g4 big funerål at~ , Kenyase that is. vägn the Könyasohonoexpirab t-Iie 1,Cing of Åshanti h s to attend th i s f'unå rp.1 in person.as aayubölic :ý,ýc t - of the royýlý 't'ies

(0) ._it is, als,0 loarnt thät ukb ancö"stres"s o- ' Nana Bhah Kumah, explorer ofKumasi .416ä""ýho 0 PO iv-re CI-O-t ca IMOZ tå " 0 f* ' ITa'ä aAxikycwa. jNygAmp - was - I i D-= a. I f thi s an s um-p ti o n whi ch ne a dåniei Åsantohone Is commants and assont. is corroctv..,-b'-ion. Atiah, cnxliqffIkma-AtLä, niffit have glven birth.,.t ..."thren. fönaleroyals namely, IT~,Bayie-q iph s the of the firt3t*Kokc>fi2ioncwho w-ts tha: rio ther, qf läng oc TkÅt11 .'CZd nån,gh t Äraive Ve e ni thä'-'m of Nana BaähIt is howoyor..m..-coumion,..knoirlcld'go in trnditional lastory-v. bý.z thnt iVifäsduring' the tiffle of Aw reva thå-, crtö:',.'t* +C 't' tiedebeand,-tnts flýa%ä, loft for sottletmenj,,,-.kt,..tho. tratånt ýýaKokofu., -Almost -M -Ehe descond-ints of Nnna äfflZýäý_ NytMO loft forKokofu, vith Vha exception of NL 11,110..-vere lé:tt.anti Drum arýd Urautay at lprztlqcrnsu.,gb tråaitio'nnl!*llistory howover, affirms this fact that Nana BadiKunah. NanaCrm c-md. Nanta Antwi did not follow thair relatives to Kokofu, but fromÅsnntemanso they took n different direction to cie present area of Kumnsi. Ilhiscausa of soparation miljit ii,ýve been due to family squabblas 9

- ' "Il SMOLlst. 2nd. 3rd. 4-Ui.5 ta 6 th. 7th. 8th. 9 th. i Otil. I I th. 12th. 13th. 14 th- 15th. 16th. 17th.Nana lanli T,.uu.,hAntliý1:0 Gynnokyere KokoFmdu,ý L3emuOkreroBcn'---ý-nn Owusu Amcý-iBarima Opollcu B=ima I'Poku llan." Ovrunu -Agyankn Bacriin Osoi ý_siboyDcrima IKiTýýb-ma Nam Nnmu Banahone(Abdicýý-ýed) (ý?ýbdicýtod) (Proson-'ý- Chiof)

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Transcript of Ashanti Stool Histories, Vol. 1psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.ch.document...22 Nsum-k-:A...