ASA Bio 2014

Williams

HUMAN ANATOMY TERMINOLOGY

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

STANDARD ANATOMICAL POSITION (SAP) • Standing straight

• Palms forward

• No bones crossed!

ANATOMICAL PLANES

• Coronal – separates into FRONT & BACK parts

• Sagittal – separates into RIGHT & LEFT parts

• Transverse – separates into TOP & BOTTOM parts

ANATOMICAL PLANES & DIRECTIONAL TERMS

ANATOMICAL PLANES & DIRECTIONAL TERMS

ANATOMICAL PLANES & DIRECTIONAL TERMS

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

SAGITTAL PLANE

Separates body into right & left parts

• Midline: exact middle of body (sagittal plane)

• Medial: towards the midline

• Lateral: away from the midline

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

CORONAL PLANE

Separates body into front & back parts

• Anterior: forward of coronal plane

• Posterior: behind coronal plane

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

TRANSVERSE PLANE

Separates body into top & bottom parts

• Superior: above transverse plane

• Inferior: below transverse plane

MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BODY

• Cranial – skull

• Infracranial – the rest of the body

• Axial – trunk & head (parts in midline)

• Appendicular – appendages/ limbs

• Includes pelvic and shoulder girdles

DIRECTIONS IN APPENDICULAR SKELETON

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Appendages/ Limbs

• Distal: away from body

• Proximal: towards body

ADDITIONAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Palmar: Dorsal:

Palm of hand Back of hand

ADDITIONAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Dorsal: Plantar:

top of foot bottom (sole) of foot

TERMS OF MOVEMENT• Flexion Decreasing angle between bony elements at joint

• Extension Increasing angle between bony elements at joint

TERMS OF MOVEMENT• ABduction Moving away from the midline

• ADduction Moving towards the midline

TERMS OF MOVEMENT• Medial Rotation Rotating medially (in to the body)

• Lateral Rotation Rotating laterally (away from the body

TERMS OF MOVEMENT• Pronation Placing palm posteriorly

• Supination Placing palm anteriorly

TERMS OF MOVEMENT• Dorsiflexion Decrease angle between foot and leg

• Plantarflexion Increase angle between foot and leg

TERMS OF MOVEMENT• Inversion Sole of foot towards midline

• Eversion Sole of foot away from midline

TERMS OF MOVEMENT• Circumduction Combined movements of flexion/extension, adduction/abduction,

etc

PAIRED MOVEMENTS• Flexion/ Extension sagittal plane

• ADduction/ ABduction coronal plane

• Medial/ Lateral rotation transverse plane