Using artificial-reef knowledge to enhance the ecological ...
Artificial Reef 2001 Anglers Club
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Transcript of Artificial Reef 2001 Anglers Club
Martin County Coastal Engineering Divisionwww.martin.fl.us/GOVT/
Artificial Reefs
Kathy FitzPatrick, P.E.,Kathy FitzPatrick, P.E.,
Coastal EngineerCoastal Engineer
Martin County Engineering Martin County Engineering DepartmentDepartment
Kathy FitzPatrick, Kathy FitzPatrick, P.E.,P.E.,
Coastal EngineerCoastal Engineer
Martin County Martin County Engineering DepartmentEngineering Department
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• Purposes of Artificial ReefsPurposes of Artificial Reefs
• Types of Artificial ReefsTypes of Artificial Reefs
• Design FactorsDesign Factors
• Materials for Building ReefsMaterials for Building Reefs
• ExamplesExamples
• Martin County’s ProgramMartin County’s Program
Martin County Offshore AR Sites
Artificial ReefsBenefits
• Increase habitat- Sessile marine organism- Juvenile fishFeeding ground for adult reef
and pelagic fish• Decrease stress on natural reefs• Provide mitigation opportunities
Types of Artificial ReefsTypes of Artificial Reefs
• Individual Units– each unit provides surface areas & void
spaces all by itself– each individual unit must be stable
• Rubble Mound (Stacked) Units– spaces between units provides void spaces– interlocking of units promotes stability
Individual Reef Ball™ Unit
Rubble Mound Tetrahedrons
EngineeringEngineeringDesign FactorsDesign Factors
• water depth - structure purpose
• unit size - weight, stability, anchoring
• vertical & horizontal relief
• surface area & void spaces
• durability & longevity
• waves , currents, and tides
• scour, deposition, settlement
• environmental effects
MaterialsMaterials• Waste Disposal (material of opportunity)
Metals - ships, planes, etc.Concrete –bridge material, culverts, construction
debris, etc. Porcelain – sinks, toilets, etc. Rubber - tires, tire chips
• Custom Fabricated UnitsConcrete - new or waste, w/wo additivesNative Rocks - rubble mound or cemented Containers - concrete, sand, or water filled
Florida Artificial Reef ProgramFlorida Artificial Reef Program
Materials Placed 1991-96Materials Placed 1991-96
Concrete Modules
10%
Steel Vessels
15%
Fiberglas Boats
1%Limestone Rock7%
Waste Concrete
67%
Ship Ship DisposalDisposal
for for Artificial Artificial
ReefsReefs
Boeing 727Boeing 727 -- Preparation for Preparation for Sinking OffshoreSinking Offshore
727 Deployment727 Deployment
727 Underwater727 Underwater
DERM Artificial Reef Modules -DERM Artificial Reef Modules - Module FabricationModule Fabrication
DERM Module DeploymentDERM Module Deployment
DERM Module UnderwaterDERM Module Underwater
RECYCLING USED TIRESRECYCLING USED TIRESPast …..Past …..
…….AND PRESENT.AND PRESENT
Deployment of Concrete Deployment of Concrete TetrahedronsTetrahedrons
Colonization of Tetrahedron ReefsColonization of Tetrahedron Reefs
Reef BallReef BallTM TM Units Units (RBDG, Ltd.)(RBDG, Ltd.)
Port Canaveral Port Canaveral Reef BallsReef Balls
70’ water depth
Snorkel Trail Signs on Provo, Snorkel Trail Signs on Provo, Turks & CaicosTurks & Caicos
Providing New Reefs and Protecting Existing Reef Areas
Worm Reef Worm Reef Growth on Growth on Concrete Concrete Artificial Reef Artificial Reef ModulesModules
ConclusionsConclusions• The design of artificial reefs incorporates both engineering
and biological elements. • Reef units must be designed to be stable, durable, and
with adequate longevity.• Artificial reef modules can serve “double duty” when also
incorporating recycled materials• Underwater habitat can be increased and stress reduced on
natural reef systems by constructing artificial reef sites.• Many designs for artificial reef modules already exist and
have been deployed off the Florida coast
Martin County’s Artificial Reef Program
• Evans Crary Bridge Deployment – 2000• Tetrahedron Construction (single mound) – 2000• Tetrahedron Construction (patch reef) – 2001• FEC Railroad ties – 2001/2002• Impoundment basin deepening rock – 2002/2003• “River Reef” – 2003• Jensen Causeway Bridge – 2004/2005
Evans Crary Bridge
Artificial ReefsMartin County
Nearshore - Site 3Nearshore - Site 2
Donaldson ReefSirotkin Reef
Ernst Reef
Nearshore - Site 1
Tetrahedron Site
Inlet Rock Site
River Reef site 1
River Reef site 2
Donaldson Reef
Inlet Rock Site
Ernst Reef
Evans Crary Bridge
Sirotkin Reef
Tetrahedron Site
Nearshore Reef Sites
Nearshore Mitigation Reefs
• FDOT specifies offshore disposal of Evans Crary Bridge
• Nearshore reefs areconstructed with pilings from the bridge
• … at NO COST to the County
Nearshore Reef Site 3
Nearshore Reef Site 2
Nearshore Reef Site1
Artificial ReefPartnerships
• Mitigation for Beach Renourishment Projects- Partner with FDOT, FDEP, FOS
• Disposal for Impoundment Basin Rock- Partner with Corps, FOS
• Railroad Tie Disposal- Partner with FEC, FDEP, FOS
• Oculina Coral Recruitment- Partner with FFWCC, FOS
Martin County’s FutureMartin County’s Future
• Continue construction on planned projects• Increase public awareness and “buy-in”
– Brochures– Publicity events– Public education and involvement opportunities
• Search out new funding sources– State and Federal grants– Increase local funding base
• Identify new projects through public input
Wave Gage and Beach Cam
Thank You
Martin County Coastal Engineering Divisionwww.martin.fl.us/GOVT/