Artificial Recharge & Storm Water Management In Hero Honda...

Artificial Recharge & Storm Water Management In Hero Honda

Motors Ltd For Haridwar & Dharuhera Plants, Haryana State,

India

Dr. S. K. Jain1 & Dilip Singh Chundawat

2

1President, Institute of Water Conservation, Jal Niketan, 5-Jha-2, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur-302004

(Raj.) India

2Dy GM (Projects), GWMICC P Ltd., Jal Niketan, 5-Jha-2, Jawahar Nagar Jaipur – 302004

(Raj.) India

Mo: +91-9829067474, +91-9414070292 E-mail: [email protected]

www.groundwaterindia.com

ABSTRACT

Artificial recharge is the process by which rainwater is infiltered into groundwater system and ground

water resources are augmented by altering natural conditions of replenishment. The storm water generated

in industries with large catchment can be diverted to scientifically designed artificial recharge system

based on runoff generated at peak rainfall intensity and recharge rate of sub-surface strata. There are

several methods for artificial recharge depending upon the feasibility in different regions. In case of

higher infiltration capacity of vadose & saturated zone, percolation pits with recharge shaft in the

reservoir can be planned for increased surface water storage assimilation in to the aquifer. This serves as

significant tool in storm water management and improvement of ground water regime through artificial

recharge reservoir. Similarly, for recharging deep aquifer, injection wells can be planned through

filtration chamber (2). Hero Honda Motors had been facing problem due to storm water generation within

the plant premises at Dharuhera, Haryana and Haridwar, Uttranchal due to improper drainage system &

absence of any artificial recharge measure. The detailed studies were carried out by M/s GWMICC P

Ltd., Jaipur in both the plants regarding the existing drainage system, hydrogeological conditions,

climatic conditions & scope of implementation of recharge measures. An outcome of these studies,

recommendations were given for drain design, new rainwater harvesting structures & artificial reservoirs.

As a follow up, the Hero Honda Motors Ltd. had sincerely implemented the recommendations through

M/s Jain Earth Matters, Jaipur for proper storm water management in their premises. After

implementations, in last two rainy seasons, all the structures are working efficiently even at more than

average rainfall of last five years and the problem due to storm water within the premises is completely

solved.

Key-Words: - Artificial Recharge, Groundwater, Storm water, Runoff, Vadose zone, Saturated zone

1. Introduction The storm water during rainy season causes

drainage problem and often paved areas of

industries are damaged by rainfall runoff. Without

proper drainage, the water on paved area during

rains remains stagnant for hours together and poor

storm water management results into erosion of

roads. In our country, industries are facing water

crises due to over exploitation of under ground

water and no provision for recharge of aquifers.

Declining water levels are also consuming more

energy in lifting the water and reduction in green

coverage. Solution of managing storm water in

industrial premises from paved areas is

channilizing the same to ground water system

through artificial recharge reservoir in hygienic

manner. This method not only helps in controlling

the devastating effects of storm water, but would

improve ground water regime both in terms of

rising of water levels and increase in ground water

availability. The technique will also increase life

of roads/paved areas of industrial premises and

reduce cost on maintenance and repairs. Besides,

better plant growth is envisaged with less water

requirement due to moist condition of surface soil

through percolation structures. Considerable

research efforts have been invested in developing

alternative approaches to conventional stormwater

management focusing on rainwater management,

infiltration of rainfall on site, and detention of

runoff during large storm events (11,12,13).

Examples of innovations include harvesting roof

runoff and reusing water, managing rainwater by

infiltration into soils in bioretention areas,

minimizing impervious surfaces, and using

pervious pavement (10).

Recent Researches in Hydrology, Geology and Continuum Mechanics

ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 79

2. Methodology In designing Artificial recharge reservoir,

capturing storm water runoff from the roads/paved

areas and creating artificial connectivity to sub

surface water in the hygienic manner through

storage & filtration of storm water is the key

concept. The effectiveness of the concept lies in

reasonable cost, coverage of large areas and

immediate implementation and immense benefits

in terms of additional water availability,

improvement in water quality, increased

plantation, maintaining eco-balance, reducing the

cost on maintenance and repairs of roads and

many fold increase in life of the roads/paved areas.

Storm water harvesting from industrial premises

can be achieved by creating storage of rain fall

runoff and recharging ground water through

filtration chambers having inverted filter of sand,

gravel & pebbles. Such Artificial recharge

reservoir would not only control storm water

hazards in industries, but will enhance ground

water availability 8 to 10 times compared to

natural process of rainfall infiltration. The location

and design of sustainable storm water harvesting

system require hydro geological study of the area

as well as sub surface information of most

permeable zone. Besides, average rainfall and

rainfall intensity need to be analyzed as per

climatic zones. Based on normal rainfall and peak

rain fall intensity, the storm water harvesting

system through reservoir is designed in such a way

that 70-80 % of storm water is sent back to ground

water regime after natural filtration process based

on rate of Recharge after Recharge Test on

existing wells/pits (8 ).

3. Case study–1: Road/paved area

storm water recharge through

artificial recharge reservoir in

industrial premises of Hero Honda

Motors limited, Sidcul, Haridwar,

Uttranchal. The total road/paved areas of the factory

premises is 115080 m2, which would generate

129465 m3 volume of storm water runoff for

recharge to the ground water at average

rainfall of 1520 mm per annum. The location

of the reservoir for the Storm Water

Harvesting is given in Fig. 1and the detailed

lay out plan of reservoir with the location of

percolation structures is shown in Fig. 2. The

designs of percolation structures in the

reservoir are given in Fig. 3 based on peak

rainfall intensity for 15 minutes. The storm

water drains as shown meets reservoir at the

inlets (I1 and I2). For extreme events of

rainfall, two spillways are designed for

overflow of water towards main road as

shown in Fig. 4. To prevent sand, two

desilting tanks are recommended at the inlets

to the reservoirs as shown in Fig. 5 .All design

parameters are explained clearly in diagram

(5, 7). The runoff generated at 200 mm

rainfall on 10 th/11th Sep.,09 and on 28th/29th

Aug. 10 continuously for two days was

completely recharged to ground water without

any over flow and the system functioned very

well.

4. Case study –II: Storm water

recharge through artificial recharge

technique in industrial premises of

Hero Honda Motors limited,

Dharuhera, Rewari, Haryana. In Dharuhera plant premises, total area of the

roads is 7581.5 m2, which would generate 85.29

m3 volume of storm water runoff for recharge to

the ground water at an average rainfall of 726 mm,

considering peak rainfall intensity of 60 mm/hour

and 0.75 as the catchment factor. The locations of

the Rainwater harvesting structures for the road

runoff are given in Fig. 6. The storm water is

initially collected in Desilting chamber through

covered drains from different road/paved area of

the premises as shown in Fig. 7. After siltation, the

overflow is passed to filtration chambers through

8’’ dia pipe line where the storm water get treated

with different filter media & ultimately through

injection well of 60 m (Fig. 8), recharged to deep

aquifer (6,9). The rainwater harvesting system is

working efficiently in last two monsoon seasons

even on more than average rainfall.

5. Removal of pollutants The percolation structures have been designed

with sufficient vadose zone of 30 m acting as

natural filter that removes pollutants and other

impurities from the water as it moves down to the

ground water through natural filtration media

consisting of pebbles , gravels, coarse sand,

charcoal and potassium permanganate layers.

Quality improvement through proper infiltration

management is expected to be achieved as given in

Table-1 (3).

Table-1: Water quality Improvement Parameter Pollutant removal

Suspended

Solids

Essentially complete removal

Dissolved

Solids

No removal

Biodegradable

organic

Essentially complete removal


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 80

compounds

(BOD)

Synthetic

organic

compounds

Some are almost completely

removed, some significantly and

some very little

Bacteria and

viruses

Essentially complete removal due

to zone of deariation. However,

as precautionary measure,

potassium permanganate layer

has been also provided in the

system.

Nitrogen Significant removal

Phosphorus Significant removal

Fluoride Significant removal

Heavy metals Significant to essential removal

Boron No removal

Oil & grease

& other

hydrocarbons

79% to 98% removal. (For

complete removal, charcoal layer

has been provided as it acts as a

good absorbent of oil & grease)

The above table clearly indicates that Rapid-

infiltration soil-treatment systems are capable of

removing essentially all biodegradable organics,

suspended solids, and bacteria and viruses from

the wastewater. They can also remove almost all

the phosphorous and significantly reduce

concentrations of nitrogen and heavy metals. Most

of the quality improvement of the wastewater

takes place in the top 1 m of the soil beneath the

infiltration structures. Considerable additional

movement in vadose zone and aquifer is needed

for quality improvement in long term & to avoid

concentration of pollutants in the upper top 10 m.

However, to complete the renovation process

(dieoff of bacteria and viruses, phosphate

precipitation, decomposition of organics, taste and

odor removal etc.), a rule of thumb is to allow at

least 100 m distance of underground travel and an

underground detention time of at least one

month(1).

6. Advantages 1. Reduction in runoff which chokes storm drains. 2. No flooding of Industrial premises.

3. Augmentation of ground water storage and

control of decline of water levels.

4. Improvement of quality of ground water.

5. Reduced stagnant water on road will improve

life of road & avoid frequent repairs &

maintenance.

6. Surviving water requirement during summer,

drought etc. in cities and industrial premises.

7. Better plant growth all around the reservoir.

7. Conclusion The technique of artificial recharge measures

which may be through artificial reservoir with

recharge shaft or rainwater harvesting system with

injection well presented will be helpful in

controlling storm water hazards in many industrial

areas with improvement in ground water recharge

by utilizing rainfall runoff. The innovatively

designed structures are simple, easy to construct,

operate and maintain. The implementation taken

up as shown in the case study has shown positive

results of rise in water level with in short time.

Further effects on ground water regime are under

monitoring. Such projects are expected to solve

storm drainage problem of industries and improve

ground water regime by recharge through rainfall

runoff. At the same time, the system will also

create hygienic conditions avoiding frequent

maintenance and repairs of the paved areas/roads

of most industrial premises & a step forward in

solving storm water hazards inside the industrial

premises.

8. Acknowledgement Author expresses his gratitude to Hero Honda

Motors Limited for implementation of the

project. Author also wishes to thank Mr.

Hanumant Sharma, Incharge, drilling and

RWH, Jain Earth Matters, Jaipur for execution

of the project successfully in both the

premises.

References: (1) Asano, Takashi, 1985. Overview : Artificial recharge of ground water, published by Butterworth

Publishers, USA

(2) CGWB (2000). Guide on Artificial recharge to ground water, Govt. of India Publication (3) Herman Bouwer (1985). Renovation of waste water with rapid infiltration Land treatment systems,

Published in “Artificial recharge of ground water”, Butterworth Publishers, London.

(4) Jain Dr. S. K.(2004) Innovative rainwater harvesting along road sides, paper published in the Book “Advances in Geosciences-Hydrological sciences Vol-4” by World Scientific Publishing Company

(P) Ltd., Singapore.


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 81

(5) Jain Dr. S. K.(2006). Management of Storm water on roads and improvement of ground water regime. paper published in “Hydroinformatics Vol-I”, proceeding of 7th international conference on

hydroinformatics, Nice, France.

(6) Jain Dr. S. K.(2007). Artificial Recharge Studies through rainwater Harvesting at Dharuhera, Haryana. GWMICC (P) Ltd. Publication

(7) Jain Dr. S. K.(2008). Artificial Recharge Studies through rainwater harvesting at Sidcul, Haridwar, Uttranchal. GWMICC (P) Ltd. Publication

(8) Jain Dr. S. K.(2009). Efficient use of water through Storm water harvesting. paper published in workshop on “Efficient use & Management of water in Rajasthan”, CGWB, Western region, March

2009.

(9) Jain Dr. S. K.(2009). Groundwater recharge management through road storm water harvesting in industries & urban colonies, paper published in workshop on “issues related to Groundwater

management in Gujarat” by West Central region, CGWB, March 2009.

(10)Marsalek J and Schreier H (2010) Overview of the Theme Issue: Innovation in Stormwater

Management in Canada: The way forward, Water quality research journal of Canada, pp. 5 – 10.

(11) Stephens KA, Graham P, Reid D (2002) Stormwater planning: A guidebook for British Columbia.

British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C.

(12) U.S.EPA. (2000) Low Impact Development (LID) : A literature review. Report EPA-841-B-00-005,

Ofiice of water, Washington, D.C.

(13) U.S. department of Defense (2004) Unified facilities criteria: Low impact Development. UFC, 3-

210-10,25 October 2004. Available on-line at: htt://www.wbdge.org/ccb/

DOD/UFC/ufc_3_210_10.pdf (Accessed: March 3, 2009).

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ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 82

Fig.-1: Location of Artificial Reservoir in Hero Honda Motors Premises, Haridwar

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M L DB

VT PN DB

CONN EC TING

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1 500

22500

15000

18000

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HWG PANEL

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Scale 0 1 2 3 (In cm)

0 44 88 132 (In mt.)

NORTH

EW

S

Investigated Siteboundary

INDEX

Drain

RWH RechargeReservoir withten percolationstructures

RWH

structuresBuilding

(6 Structures)B-1 buildings

(1 Structure)B-2 buildings

(1 Structure)B-4 buildings


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 83

6 m

90 m10 m

Water Outlet Spillways at

96.5 m RL

Water inlet channel of

1 m width at 93.70 m RL

Water inlet channel of

1 m width at 95.50 m RL

Proposed Stone

pitching weir

by HHH

(slope 1:2)Bottom RL - 91.30 m

Tree

RL - 100.25 m

RAMP with 1:10 slope

RWH Reservoirboundary

Water InletChannel

Ramp/MaintainanceTrack

PercolationStructures

Water outlet

SpillwayDesilting Tank

Bunding(2.4 m height, 12 m width

with 6 m flat top)

Proposed Stone

pitching weir

by HHH

(Slope 1:2)

Stone pitching to be done by HHH

at 1:2 slope

RL of WL - 92.50 m

Fig.-2: Schematic diagram of Artificial Reservoir at Hero Honda Motors Premises, Haridwar

COARSE SAND

0.5 M

1 MPEBBLES

0.5 M

GRAVEL

Inlet with RCC inverted

filter with 1 mm S.S. net

0.6 m dia. Recharge

shaft filled with

pebbles

3 m

Tank Dimension

( 3 m x 3 m x 3.5 m)

0.9 M

(length*width*depth)

30 M

1 M

1.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.10 mFerro covers

Stairs

0.6 m

Reservoir's

base level

2 FEET x 2 FEET

IRON CHAMBER

Inlet with RCC inverted

filter with 1 mm S.S. net

Fig.-3: Schematic design of Percolation structure in Artificial Reservoir at Hero Honda Motors

Premises, Haridwar


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 84

Fig.-4: Schematic design of Spillway for provision of Overflow in Artificial Reservoir

Staire case

0.25 M

2.20 M

0.25 M

5.30 M

1.2 M

2.10 M1.20 M

4.5 M

Inlet

Filters

Silt pit

0.75mSink

Hole0.3M

0.30 m dia

inlet drain

Precasted CC

deattachable slabs

Staire case

for cleaning silt

2 x 2 feet iron lid

8" OUTLET

PIPE with

filter to be

connected

with

Filtration

chambers

Gravel 0.5m

BAFFLEWALL

6" holes

with filters

2.55 M

II Stage Filter

III Stage

Filter


Desilting Tank

(4.5 m x 4 m x 5.30/6.05 m)

Fig.-5: Schematic design of Desilting tank before inlets to Artificial Reservoir at HHM

Premises, Haridwar

BundingBunding

1.5 m

4 m

1.5 m

Outlet

spillway

SP-1 & SP-2

(with 1:8 Slope)

1.70 m

SP-1 SP-2

RL=98.50 m

Foundation at

95.50 m RL

0.5 m

Pillar Size = 0.46 m x 0.23 mPillar

RL=97.00 m RL=97.00 m

0.5 m0.5 m

RL=97.00 m

RL=96.68 m


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 85

LPG TANK

ROAD

ROAD

CANTEEN

ROAD

GATE

GUARD ROOM8.0 M.WIDE ROAD GATE

N H 8

ROAD

ROOMGUARD

TIMEOFFICE

GATE

CYCLE STAND

TWO WHEELAR

PARKING

PARKING

AREA

GREEN BELT

100.0

100.0

LAKE-IIN

INDEX

RWH structuresBuilding

(1 structure)

Runoff flow direction

Proposed extension

plant building

Existing Lake

Lawn/open ground

Old Buildings

Existing roads

(Width X Depth)

Desilting Chamber

Connecting to

Filtration Chmaber

(3 structures)Road storm water

harvesting with

desilting tank (Admin Block)

(0.3m. x 0.3m.)Drains along road

Connecting 8" pipes

from Desilting/Storage

Tank to Filtration Chambers

(In.m.)0 20 40 60 80

Fig.-6: Location of Road Storm water Harvesting Structures at Hero Honda Motors Premises,

Dharuhera


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 86

Staire case


Desilting Tank

(6 m x 3 m x 3.20/3.95 m*)

0.25 M

2.20 M

0.25 M

3.20 M

1.5 M

2.10 M 1.50 M

6 M

Inlet

Filters

Silt pit

0.75mSink

Hole0.3M

0.30 m dia

inlet drain

Precasted CC

deattachable slabs

Staire case

for cleaning silt

2 x 2 feet iron lid

8" OUTLET

PIPE with

filter to be

connected

with

Filtration

chambers

Gravel 0.5m

BAFFLEWALL

6" holes

with filters

0.75 M

II Stage Filter

III Stage

Filter

Fig.-7: Schematic design of Desilting chamber at Hero Honda motors Premises, Dharuhera


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 87

COARSE SAND

0.50 M

1 MPEBBLES

0.50 M

GRAVEL

3 m

1 M

1.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.10 mFerro covers

Stairs

2 FEET x 2 FEET

IRON CHAMBER

Inlet

Gravels

6" PVC Plain &

Screened pipe

Bail plug

6"injection well

60m

INJECTION WELL

WITH WELL CAP

Air vent

Length Width Depth

3 m 5.25 m3 m

3 m 5.35 m3 m

Two nos. of

Filtration Chambers

Outlet

Gravels

Charcole layer (0.1m)

Fig.-8: Schematic design of Filtration chamber at Hero Honda motors Premises, Dharuhera


ISBN: 978-960-474-275-2 88

Artificial Recharge & Storm Water Management In Hero Honda...

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