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Slide 2 Artifact analysis One of the causes of rejected images listed in the repeat analysis worksheet is the presence of image artifacts. An artifact can contribute significantly to the total repeat rate; therefore a thorough knowledge of artifacts and their possible causes is necessary so that corrective action can be taken. Slide 3 What Is An Artifact? Any optical density that is not anatomy An unwanted density on the radiograph Interferes with diagnosis Slide 4 There Are Three Time Periods In Which Artifacts Can Occur During exposure During processing During film handling, prior to processing, loading cassette, or storing Slide 5 Exposure Artifacts They are caused by the patient, the technologist, or the equipment during a diagnostic procedure Poor screen-film contact Improper use/positioning of a grid Double exposure Patient motion Poor patient preparation Clothing, jewelery, glasses, belts, etc. Slide 6 Processing Artifacts They are caused by or occur during the processing of diagnostic images Dirty Rollers Will leave deposits on film Areas of increased or reduced density Occasionally some sludge may not be washed off and dried onto the film Chemical Fog Improper or inadequate chemistry Leaves a uniform dull gray haze on the film May also be seen in two different colors Referred to as dichroic stain Slide 7 Guide Shoe and Roller Marks Guide shoes are sprung or improperly positioned The ridges in the guide shoe press against the film leaving an artifact Pi-lines Dirt or stain on a roller 3.14 inches apart Pressure marks Irregular or dirty rollers Small, circular patterns are produced Slide 8 Hypo Retention Yellowish stain that appears on finished radiograph Due to inadequate washing Remaining thiosulfate from fixer solution Slide 9 Handling And Storage Artifacts They occur during darkroom handling or during storage before use. Light or Radiation Fog White light streaks Safelight too close or wrong wattage Film left in x-ray room during exposure Slide 10 Kink Marks Improper handling or storage Appears as a fingernail mark Slide 11 Static Caused by buildup of electrons in the emulsion Three types of static artifacts Crown Tree Smudge Slide 12 Slide 13 FILMS STUCK TO EACH OTHER DURING PROCESSING Slide 14 HYPORETENTION Slide 15 ROLLER MARKS Slide 16 PI-LINE Slide 17 GUIDE SHOE MARK Slide 18 WATER STAIN Slide 19 Slide 20 STATIC (Tree Static) Slide 21 STATIC (Crown Static) Slide 22 STATIC (Smudge Static Slide 23 FINGER MARKS Slide 24 CRIMPING MARK Slide 25 Slide 26 PICK-OFF Slide 27 WATER STAIN Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 MOTION Slide 31 POOR FILM SCREN CONTACT Slide 32 ARTIFACT???? Slide 33 H.T. (high Voltage) CABLES Slide 34 ROTATION + FOG Slide 35 DOUBLE EXPOSURE Slide 36 BACKSCATTER OR CASSETTE UPSIDE-DOWN Slide 37 BACKSCATTER Slide 38 BACKSCATTER OR CASSETTE UPSIDE-DOWN Slide 39 MOIRE EFFECT Are artifacts also called zebra pattern Artifact It is a double set of grid lines caused by the placement of a grid cassette in a Bucky tray. Slide 40 WARPED CASSETTE-LIGHT LEAK Slide 41 HAIR BUN Slide 42 CLOTHES RIBBING Slide 43 TUBE Slide 44 HAIR STREAKING Slide 45 GRID CUT-OFF Slide 46 JEWELLERY Slide 47 HEARING AID Slide 48 LIGHTER IN THE POCKET Slide 49 SCATTER FOG Slide 50 SANDBAG Slide 51 UMBILICAL RING Slide 52 AIR IN THE VENTRICLES AIRHEAD????? Slide 53 PLASTER Slide 54 DIRT ON THE SCREEN Slide 55 PATHOLOGY Slide 56 FOGGING Slide 57 KYPHOSIS-CHIN Slide 58 STRAP Slide 59 SCRATCHES Slide 60 STATIC Slide 61 Slide 62 Intra Uterine Device Slide 63 Chole clips Slide 64 Earring Artifact Slide 65 Slide 66 Patient Movements