ARTID111-Ancient Greek Art
Transcript of ARTID111-Ancient Greek Art
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Gods, Heroes &Athlete: Ancient
Greek ArtART ID 111 | Study of AncientArts
Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD
NYIT Center for Teaching and Learning with Technology
With modifications by Arch. Edeliza V. Macalandag, UAP
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GREEK HUMANISM
The civilization of Ancient Greece emerged ninth century BCE and passed through fiveperiods of intense artistic activity spanning than 800 years. Through Greek colonization
spread from the Greek mainland to Asia Min(Western Turkey) and Magna Graecia (SoutItaly and Sicily).
During the Hellenistic period, Greek art and
culture were dominant throughout the
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Gods and humans:
Even the gods of the Greeks, in marked contras
divinities of the Near East, assumed human formwhose grandeur and nobility were not free fromfrailty.
Greek origins:
The Greeks, or Hellenes, as they called themseappear to have been the product of an interminAegean peoples and Indo-European invaders. Tnever formed a single nation but instead establ
independent city-states or poleis.
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Olympia and Hellas:
In 776 BCE, the separate Greek-speaking statestheir first ceremonial games in common at Olym
Athens and Greek culture:
The distinctiveness and originality of Greekcontributions to art, science, and politics shouldhowever, obscure the enormous debt Greek civ
owed to the earlier great cultures of Egypt and Near East.
Reassessing Greek civilization:
Nor should a high estimation of Greek art and c
blind historians to the realities of Hellenic life ansociety. Many modern artists have rejected Gre
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Periods
1.The Geometric & Orientalizing Periods2.The Archaic Period
3.The Early And High Classical Periods
4.The Late Classical Period
5.The Hellenistic Period
6. Hellenistic Art Under Roman Patronage
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5 main forms:
1.Architecture2.Sculpture
3.Painting
4.Pottery
5.Jewelry making
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Geometric &Orientalizing Art
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Out of the Dark Age:
Following the collapse of the Mycenaean (La
Helladic) civilization around 1200 BCE and tensuing period of cultural decline and minoartistic activity known as the Dark Age, the sign of a newly emerging Greek (Hellenic)culture was ceramic pottery decorated with
geometric patterns in the ninth century.
The destruction of the Mycenaean palaces waccompanied by the disintegration of theBronze Age social order.
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Geometric Art:
In the eighth century, representations of an
begin to appear together with purely geomepatterns on painted ceramic pots.
A little later, schematic human figures are sdepicted on very large ceramic vessels desito serve as grave markers and to function infunerary rites.
Small-scale sculptures of human figures,animals, and mythological creatures show tsame geometric reduction of form.
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Figure painting revived:
Also during the eighth century, the humanfigure returned to Greek art-not, of coursemonumental statuary, which wasexceedingly rare even in Bronze Age Gree
but painted on the surfaces of ceramic potwhich continued to be manufactured afterthe fall of Mycenae and even throughout tDark Age.
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Geometric Krater
from the Dipylon cemetery, Athens
ca. 740 B.C.E.ceramic
40 1/2 in. high
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Hero and centaur
ca. 750-730 B.C.E.bronze
approximately 4 1/2 in. high
Similar schematicfigures also
appeared in theround at this date,but only on a very
small scale.
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Votive Statuette of a Horse
late 8th Century B.C.E.bronze
approximately 3 in. high
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Mantiklos Apollo
ca. 700-680 B.C.E.bronze
approximately 8 in. high
One of the masterworks of the earlyseventh century BCE is the Mantiklos
Apollo, a small, bronze statuettededicated to Apollo at Thebes by an
otherwise unknown man named
Mantiklos.
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Corinthian black-figure amphora
ca. 625-600 B.C.E.ceramic
approximately 1 ft. 2 in. high
The appeal of such vases was not duesolely to their Orientalizing animalfriezes, but also to a new ceramic
technique the Corinthians invented,which art historians call black-figure
painting.
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Black-figure paintingis one of the mostmodern styles foradorning antique
Greek vases. It wasespecially common
between the 7th and5th BC, although
there are specimens
dating as late as the
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Greece's first stone temples:
The foundation of the Greek tradingcolony of Naukratis in Egypt before 630BCE brought the Greeks into direct
contact with the monumental stonearchitecture of the Egyptians.
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Plan of Temple APrinias, Greece | ca. 625 B.C.E.
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Lintel of Temple A
Prinias, Greece
ca. 625 B.C.E. | limestone | approximately 2 ft. 9 in. high
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Lady of Auxerre,
statue of a goddess or kore, ca. 650-625 B.C.
Limestone, approx. 2' 11/2" high.
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Archaic Art
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Kourous
ca. 600 B.C.E.marble
72 1/2 in. high
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Calf Bearer (Moschophoros)
from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece
ca. 560 B.C.E. | Marble | 65 in. high
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from An
ca. 530 B.C.E. | ma
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Peplos Kore
from the Acropolis, Athens,Greece
ca. 530 B.C.E.
marble
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Temple of Hera I
Paestum, Italy
ca. 550 B.C.E.
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Temple of Hera I
Paestum, Italy
ca. 550 B.C.E.
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Doric order CorinthIonic order
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Exekias
Achilles and Ajaxplaying dice
from Vulci, Italy
ca. 540-530 B.C.E.ceramic
approximately 2 ft.high
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Andokides Painter
Achilles & Ajaxplaying a dice game
from Orvietto, Italyca. 525-520 B.C.E.
ceramic21 in. high
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Euphronios
Herakles wrestling Antaios
from Cerveteri, Italy | ca. 510 B.C.E. | ceramic 19 in. hig
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Euthymides
Three revelers
from Vulci, Italy
ca. 510 B.C.E.ceramic
approximately 2 ft. high
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Temple of Aphaia
Aegina, Greece
ca. 500-490 B.C.E.
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Temple of Aphaia
Aegina, Greece
ca. 500-490 B.C.E.
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West pediment of the Temple of Aphaia
Aegina, Greece
ca. 500-490 B.C.E.marblea roximatel 5 ft. 8 in. hi h at center
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Dying warrior
from the Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece
ca. 500-490 B.C.E.marblea roximatel 5 ft. 2 1/2 in. lon
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Dying warrior
from the Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece
ca. 490-480 B.C.E.marblea roximatel 6 ft. 1 in. lon
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Early Classical Art
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Kritios Boy
from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece
ca. 480 B.C.E.marble
34 in. hi h
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Warrior
from the sea off Riace, Italy
ca. 460-450 B.C.E.bronze
78 in. hi h
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Zeus (or Poseidon?)
from the sea off CapeArtemision, Greece
ca. 460-450 B.C.E.
bronze
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Myron
Diskobolus (Discus Thrower)
ca. 450 B.C.E.Roman marble copy after a bronze
ori inal
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Polykleitos
Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)
ca. 450-440 B.C.E.Roman marble copy after a bronze
ori inal
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Polykleitos
Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)
ca. 450-440 B.C.E.
83 in high
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High Classical Art
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Acropolis
Athens, Greece
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Iktinos and Kallikrates
Parthenon, Temple of Athena Parthenos
Acropolis, Athens, Greece
-
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Iktinos and Kallikrates
Parthenon, Temple of Athena Parthenos
Acropolis, Athens, Greece
-
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Phidas
Athena Parthenos (model)
Acropolis, Athens, Greece
ca. 438 B.C.E.
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Lapith versus Centaur
Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens
ca. 447-438marble
4 ft 8 in hi h
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Erechtheion
Acropolis, Athens, Greece
ca 421-405 B C E
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Caryatids from the South Porch of the Erechtheion
Acropolis, Athens, Greece
ca. 421-405 B.C.E.marble
fi ures a roximatel 91 in hi h
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Late Classical Art
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Praxiteles
Aphrodite of Knidos
ca. 350-340 B.C.E.Roman marble copy after a bronze original
80 in hi h
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Lysippos
Apoxyomenos (Scraper)
ca. 330 B.C.E.Roman marble copy after a bronze original
81 in hi h
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Philoxenes of Eretria
Battle of Issus
From the House of the Faun, Pompei, Italy
ca. 310 B.C.E.tessera Mosaic
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Philoxenes of Eretria (detail)
Battle of Issus
From the House of the Faun, Pompei, Italy
ca. 310 B.C.E.tessera Mosaic
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Philoxenes of Eretria
Battle of Issus (detail)
From the House of the Faun, Pompei, Italy
ca. 310 B.C.E.tessera Mosaic
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Polykleitos the Younger
Theater
Epidauros, Greece
350 B C E
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Choragic Monument of Lysikrates
Athens, Greece
334 B.C.E.
marble
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Hellenistic Art
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Nike of Samothrace
from Samothrace, Greece
ca. 190 B.C.E.marble
97 in hi h
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Alexandros of Antioch-on-the-Meander
Aphrodite from Milos (Venus de Milo)
ca. 150-125 B.C.E.marble
79 i hi h
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Aphrodite, Eros and Pan
from Delos, Greece
ca. 100 B.C.E.marble
52 i hi h
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Boethos of Kalchedon
Herm of Dionysos
ca. 100-50 B.C.E.
b i
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Sleeping Satyr (Barberini Faun)
ca. 230-200 B.C.E.marble85 in. high
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Old Market Woman
ca. 150-100 B.C.E.marble54 in. high
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Athanadoros, Hagesandros, andPolydoros of Rhodes
Laocoön and his sons
1st century C.E.marble
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Glossary
abacus The uppermost portion o
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abacus The uppermost portion ocapital of a column.
acropolis Greek, “high city.” ancient Greece, usually the site ocity’s most important temple(s).
agora An open square or space ufor public meetings or business inancient Greek cities.
Glossary
aisle The portion of a basilica
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aisle The portion of a basilicaflanking the nave and separated f
by a row of columns or piers.Alexandros Of Antioch-On-TheMeander Sculptor of Aphrodite oVenus de Milo, ca. 150-125 BCE. T
base, which was inscripted with thartist's name, is now lost.Amazonomachy In Greek mythothe legendary battle between the
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Glossary
apsidal Rounded; apse shaped.
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apsidal Rounded; apse shaped.
arch A curved structural mem
that spans an opening and is genecomposed of wedge-shaped block(voussoirs) that transmit the dowpressure laterally
architrave The lintel or lowest diof the entablature; also called theepistyle.
Glossary
attic The uppermost story of
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attic The uppermost story of building.
balustrade A railing held up by sposts, as on a staircase.
basilica In Roman architecture, abuilding for legal and other civicproceedings, rectangular in plan wentrance usually on a long side. InChristian architecture, a churchsomewhat resembling the Roman
Glossary
bilingual vases Experimental Gree
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b gua ases pe e a G eeproduced for a short time in the late century BCE; one side featured blackdecoration, the other red-figure.black-figure painting In early Greepottery, the silhouetting of dark figuagainst a light background of naturareddish clay, with linear details incisthrough the silhouettes.caduceus In ancient Greek mytholomagical rod entwined with serpents
Glossary
canon A rule, for example, of
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canon A rule, for example, of proportion. The ancient Greeks
considered beauty to be a matter“correct” proportion and sought acanon of proportion, for the humafigure and for buildings.
capital The uppermost member ocolumn, serving as a transition froshaft to the lintel.
caryatid A female figure that
Glossary
cavea Latin, “hollow place or cav
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, p The seating area in ancient Greek
Roman theaters and amphitheatecella The chamber at the cenan ancient temple; in a classical tthe room (Greek, naos) in which t
statue usu. stood.centaur In ancient Greek mytholfantastical creature, with the frontop half of a human and the back
Glossary
chiton A Greek tunic, the essenti
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,often only) garment of both men
women, the other being the himaor mantle.
Chryselephantine Fashioned of and ivory.
column A vertical, weight-carryinarchitectural member, circular in section and consisting of a base(sometimes omitted), a shaft, and
Glossary
contrapposto The disposition
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pp phuman figure in which one part is
turned in opposition to another pa(usually hips and legs one way,shoulders and chest another), crea counterpositioning of the body aits central axis. Sometimes called“weight shift” because the weightbody tends to be thrown to one focreating tension on one side andrelaxation on the other.
Glossary
contrapposto The disposition
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pp phuman figure in which one part is
turned in opposition to another pa(usually hips and legs one way,shoulders and chest another), crea counterpositioning of the body aits central axis. Sometimes called“weight shift” because the weightbody tends to be thrown to one focreating tension on one side andrelaxation on the other.
GlossaryCorinthian capital A more ornate forD i I i it i t f d bl
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Doric or Ionic; it consists of a double roacanthus leaves from which tendrils an
flowers grow, wrapped around a bell-sechinus. Although this capital form is ocited as the distinguishing feature of tCorinthian order, there is, strictly speano Corinthian order, but only this stylecapital used in the Ionic order.cornice The projecting, crowning memthe entablature framing the pediment;any crowning projection.
Glossarydemos The Greek word meaning “tpeople“ from which the word democra
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people , from which the word democraderived.
Doric One of the two systems (or evolved for articulating the three unitselevation of an ancient Greek temple tplatform, the colonnade, and thesuperstructure (entablature). The Dori
is characterized by, among other featucapitals with funnel-shaped echinusescolumns without bases, and a frieze oftriglyphs & metopes.drum One of the stacked cylindric
Glossaryechinus In architecture, the convex eof a capital directly below the abacus
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of a capital directly below the abacus.elevation In architecture, a head
view of an external or internal wall, shits features and often other elements twould be visible beyond or before the encaustic A painting technique inpigment is mixed with wax & applied t
surface while hot.entablature The part of a building abcolumns and below the roof. The entabof a classical temple has three parts:architrave or epistyle, frieze, and pedi
Glossaryentasis The convex profile (an appareswelling) in the shaft of a column
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swelling) in the shaft of a column.fasciae In the Ionic order, the three ho
bands that make up the architrave.fillets In Ionic columns, the flat ridgesfluting.flute or fluting Vertical channeling, rsemicircular in cross-section and usedprincipally on columns and pilasters.frieze The part of the entablature betthe architrave and the cornice; also, asculptured or painted band in a buildin
Glossaryglaze A vitreous coating applied to poseal and decorate the surface it may
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seal and decorate the surface; it may colored, transparent, or opaque, and g
matte. In oil painting, a thin, transparesemitransparent layer put over a colorit slightly.
gorgon In ancient Greek mythology, a
hideous female demon with snake hairMedusa, the most famous gorgon, wascapable of turning anyone who gazed into stone.
Hellenes (adj. Hellenic) The name t
GlossaryHellenistic The term given to the cultdeveloped after the death of Alexande
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developed after the death of AlexandeGreat in 323 BCE and lasted almost th
centuries, until the Roman conquest ofin 31 BCE.
herm A bust on a quadrangular pillar.
himation An ancient Greek mantle wor
men and women over the chiton and din various ways.
Hippodamian plan A city plan deviseHippodamos of Miletos ca. 466 BCE, in
Glossaryhydria An ancient Greek threehandledpitcher
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pitcher.
hypaethral A building having no pediroof, open to the sky.Ionic One of the two systems (or ordeevolved for articulating the three unitselevation of a Greek temple: the platfo
colonnade, and the superstructure(entablature). The Ionic order is characby, among other features, volutes, capcolumns with bases, and an uninterrupfrieze.
GlossaryKallikrates One of the two architethe Parthenon active mid 5th century
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the Parthenon, active mid-5th century responsible for the Temple of Athena N
also on the Acropolis.kore (pl.korai) Greek, “young womanArchaic Greek statuary type depicting woman.
kouros (pl. kouroi) Greek, “young mArchaic Greek statuary type depicting man.
krater An ancient Greek wide-mouthe
Glossarylekythos (pl. lekythoi) A flask contaperfumed oil; lekythoi were often place
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perfumed oil; lekythoi were often placeGreek graves as offerings to the decea
lost-wax process (cire perdue) A bcasting method in which a figure is mowax and covered with clay; the whole melting away the wax and hardening t
which then becomes a mold for moltenmausoleum A monumental tomb; derfrom the 4th cent BCE tomb of MausoloHalikarnassos, one of the 7 Wonders oancient world.
Glossarymetope The panel between the triglypDoric frieze often sculpted in relief
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Doric frieze, often sculpted in relief.
Mnesikles Greek architect, 5th ceHe designed the Propylaea, and theErechtheum is also sometimes ascribehim. Both are on the Acropolis at Athe
modeling The shaping or fashion
3D forms in a soft material, such as clathe gradations of light and shade reflefrom the surfaces of matter in space, oillusion of such gradations produced byalterations of value in a drawing, paint
Glossarymosaic Patterns or pictures made byembedding small pieces (tesserae) of
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embedding small pieces (tesserae) of glass in cement on surfaces such as w
floors.orchestra Greek, “dancing place.” In Greek theaters, the circular piece of eawith a hard and level surface on which
performance took place.order In classical architecture, a stylerepresented by a characteristic design
Orientalizing The early phase of Arch
Glossaryorthogonal A line imagined to be behperpendicular to the picture plane; the
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perpendicular to the picture plane; theorthogonals in a painting appear to rec
toward a vanishing point on the horizoorthogonal plan The imposition ofgrid plan on a site, regardless of the teso that all streets meet at right angles
also Hippodamian plan.palaestra An ancient Greek and Romexercise area, usually framed by a colo
pebble mosaic Mosaic made of irregu
Glossarypediment In classical architecture, thtriangular space (gable) at the end of a
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triangular space (gable) at the end of abuilding, formed by the ends of the slo
roof above the colonnade; also, an ornfeature having this shape.
peplos A simple long woolen belted gworn by ancient Greek women.
peristyle In ancient Greek architecturcolonnade all around the cella and itsporch(es). A peripteral colonnade conssingle row of columns on all sides; a dcolonnade has a double row all around
Glossaryplan The horizontal arrangement of thof a building or of the buildings and st
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of a building or of the buildings and sta city or town, or a drawing or diagram
showing such an arrangement. In an aplan, the parts of a building are organilongitudinally, or along a given axis; incentral plan, the parts of the structureequal or almost equal dimensions arou
center.polis (pl. poleis) An independent cityin ancient Greece.
pronaos The space, or porch, in front
Glossaryprostyle A style of ancient Greek temwhich the columns are only in front of
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which the columns are only in front of cella and not on the sides or back.
red-figure painting In later Greek pothe silhouetting of red figures against background, with painted linear detailsreverse of black-figure painting.
shaft The tall, cylindrical part of a colubetween the capital and the base.
siren In ancient Greek mythology, a cthat was part bird, part woman.
Glossaryskenographia Greek, “scene paintingGreek term for perspective painting
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Greek term for perspective painting.
skiagraphia “shadow painting”; Greefor shading, said to have been inventeApollodoros, an Athenian painter of thecentury BCE.
slip A mixture of fine clay and water
ceramic decoration.stoa In ancient Greek architecture, anbuilding with a roof supported by a rowcolumns parallel to the back wall. A co
Glossarystylobate The uppermost course of thplatform of a Greek temple, which sup
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platform of a Greek temple, which supthe columns.
symmetria Greek, “commensurabparts.” Polykleitos’s treatise on his canproportions incorporated the principle symmetria.
tesserae Greek, “cubes.” Tiny stones oof glass cut to the desired shape and sform a mosaic.
theatron Greek, “place for seeing.” In
GlossaryThrust The outward force exerted by or a vault that must be counterbalance
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or a vault that must be counterbalancebuttress.
treasury In ancient Greece, a small bset up for the safe storage of votive of
volute A spiral, scroll-like form characof the ancient Greek Ionic & Roman
Composite capital.white-ground painting An ancient Gvase painting technique in which the pfirst covered with a slip of very fine wh
Sources
• http://www.wadsworth.com/art_d/templates/student_resou0155050907_kleiner/studyguide/ch05/ch05_1.html
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• http://websites.swlearning.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?
fid=M20b&product_isbn_issn=0155050907&discipline_num=436
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_art
• Art Through the Ages, 12th/11th ed., Gardner