Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the...
Transcript of Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the...
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Articulatory Phoneticsand the International Phonetic Alphabet
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther MaterialsSupplementary Readings
Handouts
Online Tutorials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Supplementary Readings
The following readings have been posted to the Moodlecourse site:
I Contemporary Linguistics: Chapter 2 (pp. 34-40)
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther MaterialsSupplementary Readings
Handouts
Online Tutorials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Handouts for This Lecture
For this lecture, you should have printed out the followinghandout, which was posted to the course website:
I Chart of IPA Symbols
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther MaterialsSupplementary Readings
Handouts
Online Tutorials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Online Tutorials
Some helpful online tutorials (and related stuff) havebeen posted to the course website, under the page“Readings and Tutorials”
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Review:The Need for a Phonetic Alphabet
I For the next few weeks, we’ll be studying the soundsystems of human languages
I Therefore, we need a way of representing speechsounds (phones)
I Conventional spelling systems (like for English) areno good for this:
I They are ambiguous (‘read’ ≈ ‘reed’ or ‘red’)I They only represent some phones
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Review:The International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
I A unambiguous notation that represents the phonesof all the worlds languages
I Every phone is represented by one symbolI Every symbol represents only one phone
I The symbols are defined by a description of thesound’s articulatory phonetics
I (How the sound is produced / articulated)
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Review:Articulatory Phonetics of Consonants
In English, there are four (main) parameters for describing thearticulatory phonetics of consonants:
I Voicing: whether the sound is voiced or voicelessI Nasality: whether the sound is nasal or oralI Place of Articulation: where the vocal tract is manipulated
I BilabialI Labio-DentalI DentalI AlveolarI AlveopalatalI PalatalI VelarI Glottal
I Manner of articulation: how the vocal tract is manipulatedI StopI FricativeI AffricateI Approximant
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Review:Articulatory Phonetics of Consonants
Some IPA Symbols and their Definitions:
[t] voiceless oral alveolar stop[m] voiced nasal bilabial stop[T] voiceless oral dental fricative[j] voiced oral palatal approximant
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Today Class:
I We will now extend this discussion to vowels:I We’ll discuss their articulatory phoneticsI We’ll define the IPA symbols used for their
transcription
I We will practice IPA transcription of Englishsentences together.
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels
I To define the IPA symbols for vowels, we will need todiscuss their articulatory phonetics
I In English, there are four main parameters fordescribing the articulatory phonetics of a vowel:
Tongue Height (how close to roof of the mouth)Tongue Backness (how far back in mouth)Lip Rounding (whether lips are ‘puckered’)Tenseness (how ‘tense’ the tongue is)
![Page 11: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Vowel Height
I One key difference between vowels: their ‘height’I The distance b/ the tongue and the roof of the mouth
I To feel this, alternate between saying “heat” and “hat”
I “Heat”: your tongue is near the roof of your mouth
I “Hat”: your tongue is lower to your jaw
I (and your jaw is also lowered some, too...)
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Vowel Height
I One key difference between vowels: their ‘height’I The distance b/ the tongue and the roof of the mouth
I To feel this, alternate between saying “heat” and “hat”I “Heat”: your tongue is near the roof of your mouth
I “Hat”: your tongue is lower to your jawI (and your jaw is also lowered some, too...)
![Page 13: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Vowel Height
When describing height, three values are used:
I High: very close to the roof of the mouth[i] “ee”-sound (heat)[u] “oo”-sound (hoot)
I Mid: mid-way between roof of mouth and jaw[e] “ay”-sound (hate)[o] “oh”-sound (hope)
I Low: lowered to the jaw[æ] “a”-sound (hat)[A] “ah”-sound (hot)
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Vowel Backness
I Another key difference between vowels: ‘backness’I How far back in the mouth the tongue is positioned
I To feel this, alternately say “heat” and “hoot”
I “Heat”: your tongue is ‘bunched up’ near the front
I “Hoot”: your tongue is ‘bunched up’ near the back
![Page 15: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Vowel Backness
I Another key difference between vowels: ‘backness’I How far back in the mouth the tongue is positioned
I To feel this, alternately say “heat” and “hoot”I “Heat”: your tongue is ‘bunched up’ near the front
I “Hoot”: your tongue is ‘bunched up’ near the back
![Page 16: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Vowel BacknessWhen describing backness, three values are used:
I Back: close to the back of the mouth
[u] “oo”-sound (hoot) high back[o] “oh”-sound (hope) mid back[A] “ah”-sound (hot) low back
I Central: midway between back and front
[2] “uh”-sound (cut) low central[@] “uh”-sound (sofas) mid central[1] “uh”-sound (roses) high central
I Front: at the front of the mouth
[i] “ee”-sound (heat) high front[e] “ay”-sound (hate) mid front[æ] “a”-sound (hat) low front
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Rounding
I So far, the parameters for describing vowels involvethe position of the tongue...
I But another difference involves the lips: ‘rounding’I Whether the lips are ‘rounded’ (puckered) when you
make the sound
I To feel this, alternately say “heat” and “hoot”
I “Hoot”: your lips are puckered and extended
I “Heat”: your lips are not puckered in this way
![Page 18: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Rounding
I So far, the parameters for describing vowels involvethe position of the tongue...
I But another difference involves the lips: ‘rounding’I Whether the lips are ‘rounded’ (puckered) when you
make the sound
I To feel this, alternately say “heat” and “hoot”I “Hoot”: your lips are puckered and extended
I “Heat”: your lips are not puckered in this way
![Page 19: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
RoundingWhen describing rounding, two values are used:
I Rounded: lips are rounded when vowel is made
[u] “oo”-sound (hoot) high back rounded[o] “oh”-sound (hope) mid back rounded[O] “aw”-sound (caught) mid back rounded
I Unrounded: lips are not rounded when vowel is made
[i] “ee”-sound (heat) high front unrounded[e] “ay”-sound (hate) mid front unrounded[æ] “a”-sound (hat) low front unrounded[A] “ah”-sound (hot) low back unrounded
I Note: In English, all rounded vowels are back vowels.I Note: In some parts of the US, people don’t have [O]
I For them, “cot” and “caught” both have [A]
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
RoundingWhen describing rounding, two values are used:
I Rounded: lips are rounded when vowel is made
[u] “oo”-sound (hoot) high back rounded[o] “oh”-sound (hope) mid back rounded[O] “aw”-sound (caught) mid back rounded
I Unrounded: lips are not rounded when vowel is made
[i] “ee”-sound (heat) high front unrounded[e] “ay”-sound (hate) mid front unrounded[æ] “a”-sound (hat) low front unrounded[A] “ah”-sound (hot) low back unrounded
I Note: In English, all rounded vowels are back vowels.I Note: In some parts of the US, people don’t have [O]
I For them, “cot” and “caught” both have [A]
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
I The final parameter for vowels is ‘tenseness’I Before we define it, let’s get an intuitive feel for it.
I Alternate between saying “heat” and “hit”.A few things seem to happen:
I “Heat”: vowel lasts longer than with “hit”I “Heat”: tongue is closer to the roof of mouthI “Heat”: tongue ‘tensed’ more than with “hit”
I Alternate between saying “sale” and “sell”.A few things seem to happen:
I “Sale”: vowel lasts longer than with “sell”I “Sale”: tongue is closer to the roof of mouthI “Sale”: tongue ‘tensed’ more than with “sell”
![Page 22: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
I The final parameter for vowels is ‘tenseness’I Before we define it, let’s get an intuitive feel for it.
I Alternate between saying “heat” and “hit”.A few things seem to happen:
I “Heat”: vowel lasts longer than with “hit”I “Heat”: tongue is closer to the roof of mouthI “Heat”: tongue ‘tensed’ more than with “hit”
I Alternate between saying “sale” and “sell”.A few things seem to happen:
I “Sale”: vowel lasts longer than with “sell”I “Sale”: tongue is closer to the roof of mouthI “Sale”: tongue ‘tensed’ more than with “sell”
![Page 23: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
I The final parameter for vowels is ‘tenseness’I Before we define it, let’s get an intuitive feel for it.
I Alternate between saying “heat” and “hit”.A few things seem to happen:
I “Heat”: vowel lasts longer than with “hit”I “Heat”: tongue is closer to the roof of mouthI “Heat”: tongue ‘tensed’ more than with “hit”
I Alternate between saying “sale” and “sell”.A few things seem to happen:
I “Sale”: vowel lasts longer than with “sell”I “Sale”: tongue is closer to the roof of mouthI “Sale”: tongue ‘tensed’ more than with “sell”
![Page 24: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
These differences between “heat/hit” and “sale/sell”illustrate tenseness.
In describing tenseness, two values are used:
I Tense Vowels (“heat”, “sale”)I Pronounced with greater “tensing” of the tongueI Tongue is closer to roof of the mouthI Pronounced with greater duration (length)
I Lax Vowels (“hit”, “sell”)I Pronounced with less “tensing” of the tongueI Tongue is further from roof of the mouthI Pronounced with less duration (length)
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
These differences between “heat/hit” and “sale/sell”illustrate tenseness.
In describing tenseness, two values are used:
I Tense Vowels (“heat”, “sale”)I Pronounced with greater “tensing” of the tongueI Tongue is closer to roof of the mouthI Pronounced with greater duration (length)
I Lax Vowels (“hit”, “sell”)I Pronounced with less “tensing” of the tongueI Tongue is further from roof of the mouthI Pronounced with less duration (length)
![Page 26: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
I Let’s now run through all the tense vowels and all thelax vowels of English.
I By doing this, we will also exhaustively list all the IPAsymbols for the (simple) vowels of English.
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
The Tense Vowels:
[i] ‘ee’-sound (heat) high, front , unrounded, tense[e] ‘ay’-sound (hate) mid, front , unrounded, tense[u] ‘oo’-sound (hoot) high, back , rounded, tense[o] ‘oh’-sound (hope) mid, back, rounded, tense[A] ‘ah’-sound (hot) low, back, unrounded, tense
As we will see, there are many more lax vowels in Englishthan tense vowels...
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Tenseness
The Lax Vowels:
[I] ‘i’-sound (hit) high, front, unrounded, lax[E] ‘e’-sound (sell) mid, front, unrounded, lax[æ] ‘a’-sound (hat) low, front, unrounded, lax
[1] “uh”-sound (roses) high, central, unrounded, lax[@] “uh”-sound (sofas) mid, central, unrounded lax[2] “uh”-sound (cut) low, central, unrounded, lax
[U] “u”-sound (put) high, back, rounded, lax[O] “aw”-sound (caught) mid, back, rounded, lax
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ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Diphthongs
We’ve just learned:
I The four parameters for describing the articulatoryphonetics of (English) vowels
I The IPA symbols for all of the (simple) vowel soundsof English...
But, we’re not done yet......because we haven’t yet talked about diphthongs
![Page 30: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
Diphthongs
We’ve just learned:
I The four parameters for describing the articulatoryphonetics of (English) vowels
I The IPA symbols for all of the (simple) vowel soundsof English...
But, we’re not done yet......because we haven’t yet talked about diphthongs
![Page 31: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
What is a ‘Diphthong’?
I Pure Vowel: One that does not show a noticeablechange in quality during its production
I That is, the vowel ends in the same place it startsI Basically, it’s just one single, simple soundI Examples: “bah”, “bee”, “boo”
I Diphthong: One that does show a noticeablechange in quality during its production
I That is, the vowel ends differently from how it startsI Basically, it’s a combination of vowel soundsI Examples: “buy”, “boy”, “bow” (of a ship)
![Page 32: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Major Diphthongs
[aj] “eye”-sound eye, lie, buy, rye, etc.[aw] “ow”-sound now, how, bow, loud etc.[Oj] “oy”-sound boy, toy, joy, Freud etc.
Note:As with affricates, the IPA representation of a diphthong isa pair of symbols:
I The first is the sound the diphthong starts withI The second is the sound the diphthong ends with
![Page 33: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I These are not the only diphthongs of English...
I But before I introduce you to the others, I need tomake a confession...
I I lied to you earlier when I said the following:
I English contains the following vowels: [e], [o]I [e] is the sound in “hate”, [o] is the sound in “hope”
I The Truth:
I Modern American English does not have the purevowels [e] and [o]
I In Modern American English, the sounds in “hate”and “hope” are diphthongs
![Page 34: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I These are not the only diphthongs of English...
I But before I introduce you to the others, I need tomake a confession...
I I lied to you earlier when I said the following:
I English contains the following vowels: [e], [o]I [e] is the sound in “hate”, [o] is the sound in “hope”
I The Truth:
I Modern American English does not have the purevowels [e] and [o]
I In Modern American English, the sounds in “hate”and “hope” are diphthongs
![Page 35: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I These are not the only diphthongs of English...
I But before I introduce you to the others, I need tomake a confession...
I I lied to you earlier when I said the following:I English contains the following vowels: [e], [o]I [e] is the sound in “hate”, [o] is the sound in “hope”
I The Truth:
I Modern American English does not have the purevowels [e] and [o]
I In Modern American English, the sounds in “hate”and “hope” are diphthongs
![Page 36: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I These are not the only diphthongs of English...
I But before I introduce you to the others, I need tomake a confession...
I I lied to you earlier when I said the following:I English contains the following vowels: [e], [o]I [e] is the sound in “hate”, [o] is the sound in “hope”
I The Truth:I Modern American English does not have the pure
vowels [e] and [o]I In Modern American English, the sounds in “hate”
and “hope” are diphthongs
![Page 37: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I Pronounce the word “lay” very slowly
I It starts off as an [e]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [i])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ej]
I Pronounce the word “low” very slowly
I It starts off as an [o]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [u])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ow]
I We call [ej] and [ow] the ‘minor diphthongs’ ofEnglish.
![Page 38: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I Pronounce the word “lay” very slowlyI It starts off as an [e]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [i])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ej]
I Pronounce the word “low” very slowly
I It starts off as an [o]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [u])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ow]
I We call [ej] and [ow] the ‘minor diphthongs’ ofEnglish.
![Page 39: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I Pronounce the word “lay” very slowlyI It starts off as an [e]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [i])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ej]
I Pronounce the word “low” very slowly
I It starts off as an [o]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [u])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ow]
I We call [ej] and [ow] the ‘minor diphthongs’ ofEnglish.
![Page 40: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I Pronounce the word “lay” very slowlyI It starts off as an [e]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [i])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ej]
I Pronounce the word “low” very slowlyI It starts off as an [o]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [u])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ow]
I We call [ej] and [ow] the ‘minor diphthongs’ ofEnglish.
![Page 41: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The VowelsThe Articulatory Phoneticsof Vowels
Vowel Height
Vowel Backness
Lip Rounding
Tenseness
Diphthongs
The Major Diphthongs
The Minor Diphthongs
Practice
The Minor Diphthongs
I Pronounce the word “lay” very slowlyI It starts off as an [e]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [i])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ej]
I Pronounce the word “low” very slowlyI It starts off as an [o]...I But, it ends somewhere different (near [u])I So, we really represent this sound in IPA as [ow]
I We call [ej] and [ow] the ‘minor diphthongs’ ofEnglish.
![Page 42: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Practice Time!
I You now know all the IPA symbols necessary forphonetic transcription of English.
I Let’s put this knowledge to practice!
I Feel free to consult the chart of IPA symbols you(were supposed to have) brought to class!
![Page 43: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Practice Time!
Let’s read the following together:
[f@nAl@Ã1sts m2st kip Dejô iôz spEktækjul1ôli klin]
(Phonologists must keep their ears spectacularly clean.)
![Page 44: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Practice Time!
Let’s read the following together:
[f@nAl@Ã1sts m2st kip Dejô iôz spEktækjul1ôli klin]
(Phonologists must keep their ears spectacularly clean.)
![Page 45: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Practice Time!
Let’s read the following together:
[ju majt fajnd D@ An lajn tutOôi@lz An D@ klæs wEbsajt hElpf2l]
(You might find the on-line tutorials on the class websitehelpful.)
![Page 46: Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic … · Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplementary Readings Handouts](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020114/5b83ee657f8b9adc698e3d9b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsand the
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet
Readings andOther Materials
Review
IPA: The Vowels
Practice
Practice Time!
Let’s read the following together:
[ju majt fajnd D@ An lajn tutOôi@lz An D@ klæs wEbsajt hElpf2l]
(You might find the on-line tutorials on the class websitehelpful.)