Articles (Suci)

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Name :Suci Kurniasih

Class : XI IPA 1

Absent : 36

Using ArticlesFirst the good news:There are only three articles in English: a, an and the.

There are two types of articles indefinite 'a' and 'an' or definite 'the'. You also need

to know when not to use an article.

The bad news is that their proper use is complex, especially when you get into the

advanced use of English. Quite often you have to work it out by what sounds right,

which can be frustrating for a learner.

Indefinite articles - a and an (determiners)

A and an are the indefinite articles. They refer to something not specifically known

to the person you are communicating with.

A and an are used before nouns that introduce something or someone you have not

mentioned before:-

For example:

"I saw an elephant this morning."

"I ate a banana for lunch."

A and an are also used when talking about your profession:-

For example:

"I am an English teacher."

"I am a builder."
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/determinertext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/determinertext.htm


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Note!

You use a when the noun you are referring to begins with a consonant (b,

c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y or z), for example, "a city",

"a factory", and "a hotel".

You use an when the noun you are referring to begins with a vowel (a, e, i,

o, u)

Pronunciation changes this rule. It's the sound that matters, not the

spelling.

If the next word begins with a consonant sound when we say it, for

example, "university" then we usea. If the next word begins with a vowel

sound when we say it, for example "hour" then we use an.

We say "university" with a "y" sound at the beginning as though it were spelt

"youniversity".

So, "a university" IS correct.

We say "hour" with a silent h as though it were spelt "our".

So, "an hour" IS correct.

(Lots of people get this wrong - including native speakers.)

The can be used with noncount nouns, or the article can be omitted entirely.

"I love to sail over the water" (some specific body of water) or "I love to sailover water" (any water).

"He spilled the milk all over the floor" (some specific milk, perhaps the milkyou bought earlier that day) or "He spilled milk all over the floor" (any milk).


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"A/an" can be used only with count nouns.

"I need a bottle of water." "I need a new glass of milk."

Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a water," unless you're implying, say, a

bottle of water.

Geographical use of the.There are some specific rules for using the with geographical nouns.

- Do not use the before: names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia;

however, the Netherlands,the Dominican

Republic, the Philippines, the United States

names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St. names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie except with a group of

lakes likethe Great Lakes

names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except with ranges ofmountains likethe Andes or the Rockies or unusual names

like the Matterhorn

names of continents (Asia, Europe) names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West) except with island chains

like theAleutians, the Hebrides, or the Canary Islands


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- Do use the before: names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole geographical areas: the Middle East, the West deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the Persian

Gulf, the Black Forest, the Iberian Peninsula

Omission of Articles.Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:

Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, English, Spanish,Russian (unless you are referring to the population of the nation:

"The Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")

Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball Names of academic subjects: mathematics, biology, history, computer

science


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Name : M. Irfan MaulanaClass : XI IPA 1Absent : 32

ARTICLES

In English, nouns must in most cases be preceded by an article that specifiesthe definiteness of the noun. The definite article is the in all cases, whileindefiniteness is expressed with aor an for singular nouns or the zero article (i.e., the

absence of an article) for plural or non-count nouns.

English articles

singular plural/non-count

indefinite

before a vowel sound an

(none)

before a consonant sound a

definite the

For example,

The youngest girl brought books and an apple.Here, youngest girl is definite, meaning that the listener will know which girl is theone, while books and apple are indefinite, as they are being mentioned for the first

time.

English grammar requires that the appropriate article, if any, be used with eachnoun, with several exceptions

most proper nouns

Rome was ruled by Augustus.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_articlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-count_nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-count_nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_articlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language


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pronouns and noun phrases Nobody liked what he said.

nouns with another non-number determiner such as this, each, my, no, or a

My sister wrote this song about America's history.In most cases, the article is the first word of its noun phrase, preceding all

other adjectives. There are only a few exceptionse.g., quite a story, too great aloss, all the time, such a nice man.

The little old red bag held a very big surprise.

In alphabetizing titles and phrases, articles are usually excluded fromconsideration, since being so common makes them more of a hindrance than a help in

finding a desired item. For example, The Comedy of Errors is alphabetized before AMidsummer Night's Dream, because the and a are ignored and comedy alphabetizes

before midsummer. In an index, the former work might be written "Comedy of Errors,The", with the article moved to the end.

In contexts where concision is especially valued, such as headlines, signs, labels,and notes, articles are often omitted along with certain other function words. For

example, rather thanThe mayor was attacked, a newspaper headline would sayjust Mayor attacked.

1) Definite article :The redirects here. For other uses, see The (disambiguation).

The definite article in English is the denoting person(s) or thing(s)already mentioned, under discussion, implied, or familiar.

The article the is used with singular only, and uncountable nouns when

both the speaker and hearer would know the thing or idea already. Thearticle the is often used as the very first part of a noun phrase in English.However, in English, unlike in some other languages such as French, the

definite article is omitted before familiar but intangible concepts such ashappiness: Happiness is contagious is correct, whereas *The happiness iscontagious is not unless a very specific example of happiness is referred to.

2) Indefinite article :An and a function as the indefinite forms of the grammatical article inthe English language and can also represent the number one. An is the olderform (related to one, cognate toGerman ein; etc.), now used before wordsstarting with a vowel sound, regardless of whether the word begins with a

vowel letter. Examples: a light-water reactor; a sanitary seweroverflow; an SSO; a HEPA filter (because HEPA is pronounced as a word

rather than as letters); an hour; a ewe; a one-armed

bandit; an heir; a unicorn (begins with 'yu', a consonant sound).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewer_overflowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewer_overflowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun


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Here are the rules for when to use "A, An or The":

a = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the sameobjects) with consonants

She has a dog.I work in a factory.

an = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the sameobjects) with vowels (a,e,i,o,u)Can I have an apple?

She is an English teacher. the = definite article (a specific object that both the person speaking and the

listener know)

The car over there is fast.The teacher is very good, isn't he?

The first time you speak of something use "a or an", the next time you repeatthat object use "the".

I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms.I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good.

DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes andmountains except when the country is a collection of states such as "The UnitedStates".

He lives in Washington near Mount Rainier.They live in northern British Columbia.

Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas -My country borders on the Pacific Ocean

DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about things in generalI like Russian tea.She likes reading books.

DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about meals, places, and transportHe has breakfast at home.I go to university.

He comes to work by taxi.


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WHEN TO USE -A-

Use a if the next word begins with a consonant SOUND.This is a sound rule, NOT a spelling rule.

a box

a cata university (university begins with a consonant sound)

a unicorn (unicorn begins with a consonant sound)a European trip (European begins with a consonant sound)a hotel (hotel begins with a consonant sound)

WHEN TO USE -AN-

Use AN if the next word begins with a vowel SOUND.This is a sound rule, NOT a spelling rule.

an atom

an entrancean ice cream conean uncle (uncle begins with a vowel sound)an hour (the h is silent, thus a vowel sound)

1) My grandmother likes x flowers very much.2) I love the flowers in your garden.3) See you on x Wednesday.4) I always listen to the radio in the morning.5) Alex goes to work by x bus.6) Don't be late for x school.7) Listen! Dennis is playing the trumpet.8) We often see our cousins over x Easter.9) She has never been to the Alps before.10)What about going to Australia in x February?
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