ARTICLES

APPROACHES TO TEACHING WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY IN WISCONSIN UNIVERSITIES

Thomas Detwyler

University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

The importance of the world regional geography course in liberal university education has long been recognized Daily examples of citizens ignorance concerning world geography and other factors argue forcefully for greatly expanding geographic education at all academic levels

As background for a discussion of approaches to teaching world reg ional geography held at the Fall 1982 Meeting of the Wi s consin Council for Geographic Edu cation I conducted a survey of such courses in Wisconsins colleges and universities This report share s the major result s and some of my conclusions

Table 1 gives the descriptions of world r e gional geography courses as submitted by twelve Jisconsin institutions Table 2 p r esents enrollment coverage and methods used in these courses

A summary interpretation of the survey information is in order

1) A course in world regional geography is taught regularly a t most of the states larger universities usually as one of several introductory geography offerings the course (indeed all formal geography) i s absent from nearly all private colleges in Wisconsin Two institutions courses are so different that they merit comment The Universit y of Wisconsin-Ea u Claire covers world regions in two courses rather than one divided according to Developed and Third Worlds At Carroll College the world regional geography course despite being titled Introductory is taught a s a senior-level capstone course which depends on requisite student knowledg e of systematic geography Carroll does not have separate courses on various regions

2) Different ins titutions and instructors commonly take very divergent theoretical approaches to world regi9nal geography and its use eve n where it is a one-semester introductory c our s e As indicated by the course de s criptions textbook s adopted and ins t r uctors comment s t h e conceptual f ramework a nd emphas is varies for example de s crip tion o f locations a n d pa tterns human-environshyment r e lations culture reg ions int e r pret a tion of reg ional economic d eve l opment a nd examination of c ontemporary i ssu es in various r e g ions

3) Wh e r eas most cour ses s urve y a ll o f the world s maj or reg ion s a f ew do n ot The courses rang e f r om 1 5 percent physic a l and 8 5 percent huma n c overa ge t o 50 p e r cent cove r ag e of e ach The

7

8

textbook by Harm de Blij Geography Regions and Concepts is favored at half of the responding institutions

4) Apparently a wide variability also exists in the methods employed in the different courses All of them include slides but only half show films Half of the courses are either team taught or incorporate guest lecturers Half utilize class discussions None require laboratories though a majority do rely on map exercises

5) In all but one responding institution the world regional geography course can be applied by students toward university distribution requirements Five of the seven four-year colleges that responded require majors to take the course

Several problems in teaching world regional geography were repeatedly cited both in the questionnaire and in discussion An important problem is the general ignorance of the world that most students possess upon entering the course As one instructor commented Do not by any means assume that the student has an ounce of knowledge of the lOrld beyond hisher iml~ediate surroundings Accordingly there is wide support among teachers of world geography for expanding geographical instruction in elementary and secondary schools A related problem is How can the course go beyond the enormous amount of descriptive material which is necessary to get into concepts and to provide coherent unity

This study s uggests to me that geographers in Wisconsin should consider several actions One is to unite to advocate and to help implement much strongermiddot geography requirements throughout our educational system Another is to define and promote geographical literacy standards for college students is this any less imporshytIDt in today s world than are widely-adopted proficierlCes in math language and compoter use Should we develop new essentially remedial university courses that would impart basic knowledge of world features and locations to provide both geographical 1iteracy and a foundation fcmiddotr further study of geography including interpretation of world regions Finally there is grea t potential eff iciency in working jointly among institutions to develop improved courses both in locational and middotmrld regional geography--sharing experience ideas material and costs of deve l opment Powerf ul new ins tructional techniques especially computers and audio-vi sual-tutorial method s apparently have not yet been applied to t hese subjects in Wisconsins univers ities (or gene~ally e l sewhere ) In short it is time to expand ais cllssion among geographers at various institutions and t o constructively address these imcortant problems

9

TABLE 1

World Regional Geography

Course Descriptions

Carroll College

Geography 160 Introductory World Regiona l Geography An intershypretation of the basic concepts of geographic study as applied to the regions and nations of the world This course is team taught by the geography faculty each of whom presents material on those areas of the world in which they have particular expertise and those techniques of geographic research that he has used in studying them

UW-Eau Claire

Geography 150 Regions of the Developed World A timely survey of selected cultural economic political and environmental issues affecting regions of the developed world Provides a global undershystanding of the nature causes and consequences of contemporary problems in capitalist socialist and communist industrialized s tates

(eoglaphy 151 lltegions uf the Third Horld II timely survey of selected cultural economic political and environmental issues affecting regions of the Third Horld Provides a global undershys tanding of the nature causes and consequences of contemporary problems in such countries

UH-(reen Bay

Geography 416-102 An Introduction to 3eography The Regions of Earth Contemporary geography its viewpoints and methodology Ge ogr aphic reality o f the present - day lorld is analyzed in the f orm of case studies in Hhich both the regional approach and s ystematic analysis are used

j ~-La Crosse

Geography 210 Iolorld Regional Geogca iJhy An introductory cocrs e designed to g ivE students a background for unders tanding diff erin s t ages of development in the Horld This i c done through regional s t ud ies of the natural re s ource base economic patterns ot gr oHt h and development and relat ed prob l emE Comparative study of developed and de ve l op i ng nations

lIHltmiddotjad i son

Ge ogapo 140 lo~ ld Re gions Concept s and Probl ems In t loduc tion to cultur al geography througb the s tudy o ~ r ere s entative and s i gn i f i cant reg i ons and nations

10

TABLE 1--continued

UH-i1ilwaukee

Geogra~hy 110 The World People and Regions Introduction to regional cultural geography through s tudy of representative and signif~sant areas of the earth

UH-Oshkosh

Geograhy 50-102 World Regional Geography A study of the vari shyable interrelationships of cultural and physical phenomena as exempli~ied by major world regions Intended for those who seek to enhance their knowledge of important world regions

UW-Platteville

Geograny 133 Horld Geography Geographic understanding of the major regions of the world emphasis is placed upon human-environshyment re lations

UW-River Falls

Geograhy 125 World Regional Geography A survey of five major culture realms Hestern Europe Anglo-America Latin America Afiica and the Orient with emphasis on comparison of cultural differences presen~ly in existence

UW-Stevens Point

Geogra hy 113 World Regional Geography Survey of major patterns of physical features culture and human-land relations by region in todays world Examples may show present and impending resource environmental social and political problems and explore basic solutions

UW-vhitewater

Geogra hy 260 World Geography An approach toward an understanding of the various physical and cu-l rural phenomena as they relate to an underSTanding of area and general world patterns

UW-Center System

Seogra~y 110 World Regional Geography Introduction to cultural geogra~y through the study of representative and significant reg ion s and nations

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textbook by Harm de Blij Geography Regions and Concepts is favored at half of the responding institutions

4) Apparently a wide variability also exists in the methods employed in the different courses All of them include slides but only half show films Half of the courses are either team taught or incorporate guest lecturers Half utilize class discussions None require laboratories though a majority do rely on map exercises

5) In all but one responding institution the world regional geography course can be applied by students toward university distribution requirements Five of the seven four-year colleges that responded require majors to take the course

Several problems in teaching world regional geography were repeatedly cited both in the questionnaire and in discussion An important problem is the general ignorance of the world that most students possess upon entering the course As one instructor commented Do not by any means assume that the student has an ounce of knowledge of the lOrld beyond hisher iml~ediate surroundings Accordingly there is wide support among teachers of world geography for expanding geographical instruction in elementary and secondary schools A related problem is How can the course go beyond the enormous amount of descriptive material which is necessary to get into concepts and to provide coherent unity

This study s uggests to me that geographers in Wisconsin should consider several actions One is to unite to advocate and to help implement much strongermiddot geography requirements throughout our educational system Another is to define and promote geographical literacy standards for college students is this any less imporshytIDt in today s world than are widely-adopted proficierlCes in math language and compoter use Should we develop new essentially remedial university courses that would impart basic knowledge of world features and locations to provide both geographical 1iteracy and a foundation fcmiddotr further study of geography including interpretation of world regions Finally there is grea t potential eff iciency in working jointly among institutions to develop improved courses both in locational and middotmrld regional geography--sharing experience ideas material and costs of deve l opment Powerf ul new ins tructional techniques especially computers and audio-vi sual-tutorial method s apparently have not yet been applied to t hese subjects in Wisconsins univers ities (or gene~ally e l sewhere ) In short it is time to expand ais cllssion among geographers at various institutions and t o constructively address these imcortant problems

9

TABLE 1

World Regional Geography

Course Descriptions

Carroll College

Geography 160 Introductory World Regiona l Geography An intershypretation of the basic concepts of geographic study as applied to the regions and nations of the world This course is team taught by the geography faculty each of whom presents material on those areas of the world in which they have particular expertise and those techniques of geographic research that he has used in studying them

UW-Eau Claire

Geography 150 Regions of the Developed World A timely survey of selected cultural economic political and environmental issues affecting regions of the developed world Provides a global undershystanding of the nature causes and consequences of contemporary problems in capitalist socialist and communist industrialized s tates

(eoglaphy 151 lltegions uf the Third Horld II timely survey of selected cultural economic political and environmental issues affecting regions of the Third Horld Provides a global undershys tanding of the nature causes and consequences of contemporary problems in such countries

UH-(reen Bay

Geography 416-102 An Introduction to 3eography The Regions of Earth Contemporary geography its viewpoints and methodology Ge ogr aphic reality o f the present - day lorld is analyzed in the f orm of case studies in Hhich both the regional approach and s ystematic analysis are used

j ~-La Crosse

Geography 210 Iolorld Regional Geogca iJhy An introductory cocrs e designed to g ivE students a background for unders tanding diff erin s t ages of development in the Horld This i c done through regional s t ud ies of the natural re s ource base economic patterns ot gr oHt h and development and relat ed prob l emE Comparative study of developed and de ve l op i ng nations

lIHltmiddotjad i son

Ge ogapo 140 lo~ ld Re gions Concept s and Probl ems In t loduc tion to cultur al geography througb the s tudy o ~ r ere s entative and s i gn i f i cant reg i ons and nations

10

TABLE 1--continued

UH-i1ilwaukee

Geogra~hy 110 The World People and Regions Introduction to regional cultural geography through s tudy of representative and signif~sant areas of the earth

UH-Oshkosh

Geograhy 50-102 World Regional Geography A study of the vari shyable interrelationships of cultural and physical phenomena as exempli~ied by major world regions Intended for those who seek to enhance their knowledge of important world regions

UW-Platteville

Geograny 133 Horld Geography Geographic understanding of the major regions of the world emphasis is placed upon human-environshyment re lations

UW-River Falls

Geograhy 125 World Regional Geography A survey of five major culture realms Hestern Europe Anglo-America Latin America Afiica and the Orient with emphasis on comparison of cultural differences presen~ly in existence

UW-Stevens Point

Geogra hy 113 World Regional Geography Survey of major patterns of physical features culture and human-land relations by region in todays world Examples may show present and impending resource environmental social and political problems and explore basic solutions

UW-vhitewater

Geogra hy 260 World Geography An approach toward an understanding of the various physical and cu-l rural phenomena as they relate to an underSTanding of area and general world patterns

UW-Center System

Seogra~y 110 World Regional Geography Introduction to cultural geogra~y through the study of representative and significant reg ion s and nations

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TABLE 1

World Regional Geography

Course Descriptions

Carroll College

Geography 160 Introductory World Regiona l Geography An intershypretation of the basic concepts of geographic study as applied to the regions and nations of the world This course is team taught by the geography faculty each of whom presents material on those areas of the world in which they have particular expertise and those techniques of geographic research that he has used in studying them

UW-Eau Claire

Geography 150 Regions of the Developed World A timely survey of selected cultural economic political and environmental issues affecting regions of the developed world Provides a global undershystanding of the nature causes and consequences of contemporary problems in capitalist socialist and communist industrialized s tates

(eoglaphy 151 lltegions uf the Third Horld II timely survey of selected cultural economic political and environmental issues affecting regions of the Third Horld Provides a global undershys tanding of the nature causes and consequences of contemporary problems in such countries

UH-(reen Bay

Geography 416-102 An Introduction to 3eography The Regions of Earth Contemporary geography its viewpoints and methodology Ge ogr aphic reality o f the present - day lorld is analyzed in the f orm of case studies in Hhich both the regional approach and s ystematic analysis are used

j ~-La Crosse

Geography 210 Iolorld Regional Geogca iJhy An introductory cocrs e designed to g ivE students a background for unders tanding diff erin s t ages of development in the Horld This i c done through regional s t ud ies of the natural re s ource base economic patterns ot gr oHt h and development and relat ed prob l emE Comparative study of developed and de ve l op i ng nations

lIHltmiddotjad i son

Ge ogapo 140 lo~ ld Re gions Concept s and Probl ems In t loduc tion to cultur al geography througb the s tudy o ~ r ere s entative and s i gn i f i cant reg i ons and nations

10

TABLE 1--continued

UH-i1ilwaukee

Geogra~hy 110 The World People and Regions Introduction to regional cultural geography through s tudy of representative and signif~sant areas of the earth

UH-Oshkosh

Geograhy 50-102 World Regional Geography A study of the vari shyable interrelationships of cultural and physical phenomena as exempli~ied by major world regions Intended for those who seek to enhance their knowledge of important world regions

UW-Platteville

Geograny 133 Horld Geography Geographic understanding of the major regions of the world emphasis is placed upon human-environshyment re lations

UW-River Falls

Geograhy 125 World Regional Geography A survey of five major culture realms Hestern Europe Anglo-America Latin America Afiica and the Orient with emphasis on comparison of cultural differences presen~ly in existence

UW-Stevens Point

Geogra hy 113 World Regional Geography Survey of major patterns of physical features culture and human-land relations by region in todays world Examples may show present and impending resource environmental social and political problems and explore basic solutions

UW-vhitewater

Geogra hy 260 World Geography An approach toward an understanding of the various physical and cu-l rural phenomena as they relate to an underSTanding of area and general world patterns

UW-Center System

Seogra~y 110 World Regional Geography Introduction to cultural geogra~y through the study of representative and significant reg ion s and nations

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TABLE 1--continued

UH-i1ilwaukee

Geogra~hy 110 The World People and Regions Introduction to regional cultural geography through s tudy of representative and signif~sant areas of the earth

UH-Oshkosh

Geograhy 50-102 World Regional Geography A study of the vari shyable interrelationships of cultural and physical phenomena as exempli~ied by major world regions Intended for those who seek to enhance their knowledge of important world regions

UW-Platteville

Geograny 133 Horld Geography Geographic understanding of the major regions of the world emphasis is placed upon human-environshyment re lations

UW-River Falls

Geograhy 125 World Regional Geography A survey of five major culture realms Hestern Europe Anglo-America Latin America Afiica and the Orient with emphasis on comparison of cultural differences presen~ly in existence

UW-Stevens Point

Geogra hy 113 World Regional Geography Survey of major patterns of physical features culture and human-land relations by region in todays world Examples may show present and impending resource environmental social and political problems and explore basic solutions

UW-vhitewater

Geogra hy 260 World Geography An approach toward an understanding of the various physical and cu-l rural phenomena as they relate to an underSTanding of area and general world patterns

UW-Center System

Seogra~y 110 World Regional Geography Introduction to cultural geogra~y through the study of representative and significant reg ion s and nations

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