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ARTICLE 4: CITIZENSHIP

Section 1: Citizens of the Philippines

Citizens at the time of the adoption

of this constitution

Those whose fathers and mothers

are citizens

Those born before Jan. 17, 1973 of

Filipino mothers

Those who are naturalized

Citizenship a personal and more or lesspermanent membership in a politicalcommunit. !ossession of full ci"il andpolitical ri#hts

$ationalit membership in an class or

form of political communit. %oes notinclude the ri#ht and pri"ile#e of e&ercisin#ci"il or political ri#hts

'odes of (c)uirin# Citizenship1. * *irth

Jus sanguinis ac)uisition

on the basis of bloodrelationship

Jus soli base on the place

of birth+. * $aturalization

3. * 'arria#e. * -epatriation

lection /for citizenship0 e&pressed in astatement to be si#ned and sworn to b thepart concerned before an officialauthorized to administer oaths

$aturalization

The le#al act of adoptin# an alien

and clothin# hi with the ri#hts thatbelon# to a natural born citizen

a mode for both ac)uisition andreac)uisition of citizenship underCommonwealth (ct $o. 73/-e"ised $aturalization aw0

'odes of $aturalization

1. %irect

2ndi"idual throu#h a udicial

proceedin#

4pecial act of le#islature

Collecti"e chan#e of nationalit

(doption of orphan minors+. %eri"ati"e

5ife of a naturalized husband

'inor child of a naturalized

person

(lien woman upon marria#e to a

national of a state

%ual Citizenship arises as a result ofapplication of laws of two different states ba person. 2n"oluntar

%ual (lle#iance a person simultaneouslac)uires b some positi"e act of loalt totwo or more states. ( result of anindi"idual6s own "olition

%octrine of 2ndelible (lle#iance a personma be compelled to retain his ori#inalnationalit e"en if he has alread renouncedit

%enaturalization re"ocation of !hilippinecitizenship of a naturalized citizen

Section 2: Natual !on citizens aethose "ho ae citizens of the Philippinesfo# !ith

Section $: Philippine citizenship #a% !elost o ac&uie'

Two aws on ost Citizenship1. Commonwealth (ct $o 73

applies to naturalized citizens.Certificate of naturalization mabe

re"oed+. Commonwealth (ct $o. 83 applies

to both naturalborn and naturalizedcitizenship

Citizenship is lost b:

$aturalization in a forei#n countr

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* e&press renunciation of

citizenship a renunciation that ismade nown distinctl and e&plicitl

* subscribin# to an oath of

alle#iance to support the constitutionof a forei#n countr

* renderin# ser"ice in the armed

forces of a forei#n countr e&cept if: The !hilippines has a defensi"e

and offensi"e pact of alliance The said countr maintains

armed forces in the !hilippineterritor

* cancellation of the certificate of

naturalization

* bein# a deserter of the !hilippine

armed forces in time of war

Section 4: Citizens of the Philippines"ho #a% aliens shall etain theicitizenship

Section (: )ual alle*iance is ini#ical

%ual (lle#iance an unsettled ind ofalle#iance of persons who are alreadFilipinos but mabe bound b a secondalle#iance

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ARTICLE (: S+,,RA-E

Section 1: Suffa*e #a%!e e.ecise' !%all citizens of the Philippines

4uffra#e the people e&press theirso"erei#n power b castin# "otes amon#the candidates for public office. 2t is a ci"ilri#ht to "ote or e&ercise the ri#ht.

-eferendum the people e&press theirauthorit and power b appro"in# ordisappro"in# statutes

-eferendum on Statutes petition

to appro"e or reect an act passedb the con#ress

-eferendum on Local Laws petition to appro"e or reect a lawenacted b local le#islati"e bodies

!lebiscite the will of the people is solicitedon their appro"al or reection of theproposed chan#es to the constitution

2nitiati"e people can directl propose orenact laws. ( proof of direct democrac

2nitiati"e on the Constitution

petition proposin# amendments to

the constitution

2nitiati"e on Statutes petition

proposin# to enact a nationalle#islation

2nitiati"e on Local Legislation

petition proposin# to enact are#ional law

-ecall a remed a"ailable to the people toremo"e their chosen representati"es beforethe e&piration of their term. ;nl applicableto local #o"ernment officials

!eople who can e&ercise suffra#e

(ll citizens of the !hilippines

1< ears of a#e

-esided in the countr for a ear

-esided in the place the propose to

"ote for 8 months prior to theelection

!ersons dis)ualified to "ote

(n person sentenced to prison

(n person found #uilt of ha"in#

committed a crime a#ainst the statesuch as rebellion, treason etc.

2nsane or persons with mental

disabilities

'eanin# of -esidence in lection aws1. (s a re)uirement of residence in the

!hilippines. 4nonmous with=domicile>

+. (s a re)uirement of residence whereone intends to "ote. Can meaneither domicile or temporarresidence

?round for -ecall =oss of Confidence> asthe onl #round for recall of local#o"ernment officials

Section 2: The Con*ess shall ensue thesecec% an' sanctit% of the !allot an'shall po/i'e a s%ste# fo a!sentee/otin*

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ARTICLE 0: THE LE-ISLATIE

)EPARTENT

Section 1: The le*islati/e shall !e /este'in the Con*ess "hich consists of a

Senate an' a House of Repesentati/es

e#islati"e !ower the powers to propose,enact, amend and repeal laws

The e&tent of the power of the

con#ress to le#islate is complete, fulland plenar

Section 2: The Senate shall !eco#pose' of 24 senatos

Chosen throu#h uni"ersal suffra#e

Section $: No peson shall !e a Senatounless he is a natual !on citizen

@ualifications of a 4enator

$atural born citizen

3A ears of a#e

(ble to read and write

-e#istered "oter

-esident of the countr for not less

than two ears prior to election

Section 4: The te# of office of theSenatos shall !e si. %eas

$o senator shall ser"e for more than

two consecuti"e terms

Section (: The House of Repesentati/esshall !e co#pose' of not #oe than 2(3#e#!es

Classification of the 'embers of the Bouse

of -epresentati"es1. %irect -epresentati"es

representin# one con#ressionaldistrict

+. !art ist -epresentati"es electedthrou#h the part list sstem

3. 4ectoral -epresentati"es e&istedonl for three consecuti"e termsdisappeared in 199 includes

utterances made in the performance

of official functions

Section 12: e#!es of the Con*essshall #a9e a full 'isclosue of theifinancial an' !usiness inteests

Section 1$: No #e#!e of the Con*ess#a% hol' an% othe office o e#plo%#entin the *o/en#ent 'uin* his te#"ithout fofeitin* his seat

%is)ualifications for (ppointment of

'embers of Con#ress1. 2ncompatible ;ffice ma not holdan other office or emploment inthe #o"ernment

+. Forbidden ;ffice shall not beappointed to an office which maha"e been created to increase theterm of office for which he is elected

Section 14: No #e#!e of the Con*ess#a% pesonall% appea as counsel !efoean% cout of ustice8 Neithe shall he !einteeste' financiall in an contract withan franchise or corporation durin# his termof office

Section 1(: The Con*ess shall con/eneonce e/e% %ea on the 4th on'a% of;ul% fo its e*ula session

inds of 4essions1. -e#ular+. 4pecial called b the !resident at

an time3. Joint 4essions

a. Gotin# separatel

Choosin# the !resident

%eterminin# !resident6sdisabilit

Confirmin# the

nomination of the Gice!resident

%eclarin# the e&istence

of war

!roposin# constitutional

amendmentsb. Gotin# ointl to re"oe or

e&tend proclamation suspendin#

the pri"ile#e of writ of habeascorpus or placin# the !hilippinesunder martial law

Section 10: The Senate shall elect itsPesi'ent an' the House ofRepesentati/es its Spea9e !% a#aoit% /ote

( maorit of each Bouse shall

constitute a )uorum to do business

ach Bouse ma determine the

rules of its proceedin#s. ( penalt ofsuspension of a member shall note&ceed 8D das

ach Bouse shall eep a Journal of

its proceedin#s

$either Bouse durin# sessions of

the Con#ress shall adourn for morethan three das

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@uorum the number of members presentin a session to mae transactions "alid

nrolled *ill one dul introduced andfinall passed b both Bouses,authenticated b the proper officers of each

and for appro"al of the !resident

Section 1: The Senate an' the House ofRepesentati/es shall each ha/e anElectoal Ti!unal

lectoral Tribunal

The sole ud#e of contests relatin# to

the election, returns and)ualifications of the respecti"emembers of the Bouses

4hall be composed of nine members

/three are Justices of the 4upremeCourt, si& shall be members of the4enate or the Bouse of-epresentati"es

The senior Justice shall be the

chairman

Section 15: Thee shall !e a Co##issionon Appoint#ents

Composition of the Commission

!resident of the 4enate

Twel"e senators

Twel"e members of the Bouse of

-epresentati"es

The chairman of the commission shall not"ote e&cept in case of a tie

Commission on (ppointments acts as ale#islati"e chec on the appointin# authoritof the !resident. The consent of theCommission on (ppointments is needed for

the effecti"it of the appointment

Section 16: The Electoal Ti!unal an'the Co##ission on Appoint#ents shall!e constitute' "ithin $3 'a%s afte theSenate an' the House ofRepesentati/es ha/e electe' thePesi'ent an' Spea9e7 especti/el%

'anner b which the Commission of(ppointments arri"e at a decision

The Commission acts on all

appointments submitted to it within3D session das

The Commission decides b maorit

"ote

The Commission can onl meet and

act when the Con#ress is in session

Section 23: Reco's an' !oo9s ofaccounts of the Con*ess shall !epese/e' an' open to the pu!lic

The boos shall be audited b the

Commission on (udit

C;( must publish annuall the list of

amounts paid to and e&pensesincurred b each member of theCon#ress

Section 21: The Con*ess #a% con'uctin&uiies in the ai' of le*islation

%esi#ned to #ather data or

information "ital in the formulation oflaws

Bas to be e&ercised based on the

limitations set b the Constitution

The power to conduct in)uires is notabsolute or unlimited

The ri#hts of the person affected b

such in)uiries shall be respected The ri#ht to due process The ri#ht a#ainst self

incrimination

Section 22: The hea's of 'epat#ents#a% appea !efoe an' !e hea' !% suchhouse on #attes petainin* to thei o"n'epat#ent

Section 2$: The Con*ess7 !% a /ote oft"o

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;nl the power to declare the

e&istence of a state of war

The Con#ress ma #rant an

emer#enc power to the !residentunder two circumstances

1. 2n times of war+. ;ther national emer#enc

The emer#enc power is null and

"oid in absence of these occasions

Section 24: All appopiation7 e/enueauthoizin* incease of the pu!lic 'e!tshall oi*inate e.clusi/el% in the Houseof Repesentati/es

(ppropriation *ill the specific aim of whichis to appropriate a certain sum of monefrom the public treasur

-e"enue *ill specificall desi#ned to raisemone or re"enue throu#h imposition orle"

!ri"ate *ill one that is addressed to aspecific pri"ate interest

*ill of ocal (pplication addressed to aparticular place of localit

-epublic (ct $o. 7718 &panded G(Taw

Section 2(: The Con*ess #a% notincease the appopiationseco##en'e' !% the Pesi'ent

( special appropriations bill shall

specif the purpose of which it isintended

$o law shall be passed authorizin#

an transfer of appropriation

!ower of (ppropriation the spendin#power called the =power of the purse>belon#s to the con#ress and is subect onlto the "eto power of the !resident, whoproposes the bud#et

(ppropriation aw the primar purpose ofwhich is to authorize the release of publicfunds from the treasur

Classification of (ppropriation *illHaw1. ?eneral (ppropriation aw

!assed annuall

!ro"ide for the financial

operations of the #o"ernmentdurin# one fiscal period

+. 4pecial (ppropriation aw

For specific purposes

4ection of !residential %ecree $o. 1177/*ud#et -eform %ecree of 19970

(n affront to the prohibition a#ainst

the transfer of funds

2t empowers the !resident to

absolutel and indiscriminateltransfer fund from one department

The law in null and "oid

2mplied imitations on (ppropriation'easures

a. (ppropriation must be de"oted to apublic purpose

b. The sum authorized to be released

must be determinate

Constitutional imitations on 4pecial(ppropriations 'easures

a. 'ust specif the public purpose forwhich the sum is intended

b. 'ust be supported b funds actualla"ailable

Section 20: E/e% !ill passe' !% theCon*ess shall e#!ace onl% onesu!ect "hich shall !e e.pesse' in the

title

$o bill passed b either Bouse shall

become a law unless it has passedthree readin#s

&ception: when the !residentcertifies to the necessit of its

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immediate enactment to meet apublic calamit or emer#enc

*ill a draft of proposed law presented forappro"al to a le#islati"e bod

4teps in the !assa#e of a *ill1. First -eadin#

the bill is filed at the *ills and

2nde& %i"ision+. -eferral to appropriate committee3. 4econd -eadin#. %ebatesA. !rintin# and %istribution

The bill is printed in the final form

or "ersion8. Third -eadin#

$ominal "otin# is held

(mendments are no lon#er

allowed7. -eferral to the ;ther Bouse

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-epublic (ct $o. 873A /(ct !ro"idin# for a4stem of 2nitiati"e and -eferendum0