Arthropods Jointed-legged invertebrates. Arthropod Characteristics Metamerism with tagmatization...
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Transcript of Arthropods Jointed-legged invertebrates. Arthropod Characteristics Metamerism with tagmatization...
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Arthropods
Jointed-legged invertebrates
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Arthropod Characteristics
Metamerism with tagmatization Chitinous exoskeleton Paired-jointed appendages Growth with ecdysis (molting) Ventral nervous system Open circulatory system Complete digestive tract Malpighian tubules for excretion
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Evolutionary Significance
Protostomes Schizocoelous development Paired ventral nerve cord Loss of internal metamerism Increased tagmatization (specialization of
segments)
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Terrestrial Dominance
Minimize water loss Exoskeleton Respiratory system development Advanced excretory system
Greater ability for movement Exoskeleton attaches strong muscles Support
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Exoskeleton
Major reason for success of this group! Provides
Support Protection Prevention of dehydration Sites for muscle attachment
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Exoskeleton Structure
Epicuticle (outer layer) Water tight Barrier
Procuticle (inner layer) Made of chitin
Allows for protection Forms joints
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Ecdysis
Shedding or molting of exoskeleton New exoskeleton is soft Tanning (sclerotization) must take place to
make outer layer of procuticle hard
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Metamorphosis
Change in body form from immature (larval) stages to adult forms
Reduces competition between stages for Food Living space
Larval forms often occupy different habitats than the adults do
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Taxonomy of Arthropods
4 subphyla Trilobitomorpha (all extinct) Chelicerata Crustacea Uniramia
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Trilobitomorpha
Trilobites All extinct All marine 3 sections
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Chelicerata
Class Merostomata Horseshoe crabs Water scorpions (eurypterids)
Class Arachnida Spiders Mites Ticks Scorpions
Class Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
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Chelicerate Characteristics
Two-part body Opisthosoma
Chelicerae (1st pair of appendages – forms feeding palps or fangs)
Pedipalps (2nd pair of appendages) Cephalothorax (prosoma)
Book lungs or book gills
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Crustacea
Class Malacostraca Shrimp, lobsters, crayfish Isopods (wood lice – roly poly) Amphipods
Class Branchiopoda Fairy shrimp, brine shrimp Water fleas
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Class Copepoda Cyclops (freshwater)
Class Cirripedia Barnacles Sacculina – parasite of crabs
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Crustacean Characteristics
2 pairs of antennae Biramous appendages (Y-shaped) Segments are serially homologous
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Uniramia
Class Diplopoda (millipedes) Class Chilopoda (centipedes) Class Pauropoda Class Symphyla Class Hexapoda (insects)
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Insect Locomotion
Flight Walking (3+ legs on ground at all times) Running (Can run on 2 legs) Swimming (legs modified as paddles) Jumping (saltatory locomotion)
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Insect Respiration & Circulation
Respiration Tracheae & spiracle system
Circulation Modified open circulatory system Some vessels Primitive Heart
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Nervous System
Johnston’s organs (hearing - on antennae) Tympanic organs (hearing – on legs or body) Compound eyes (facets – ommatidia – fused) Simple eyes (ocelli)
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Metamorphosis
Type Appearance Young called
Ametabolous larvae look like adults, just smaller
instars
Paurometabolous Specific number of molts
Nymphs (land)
Naiads (water)
Holometabolous Young very different from adults
Larvae
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Economic Impact of Arthropods
1. Name one effect each major group has on mankind (good or bad).
2. For insects, list 4 good things that they do and 4 bad things that they are responsible for.