Arthroplasty Surgery in India :

Overview:Arthroplasty is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint. It is asurgical procedure to restore the integrity and function of a joint. A joint can be restoredby resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint also known as prosthesis may also be used.Various types of arthritis may affect the joints. Osteoarthritis a degenerative jointdisease results in a loss of the cartilage or cushion in a joint and is the most commonreason for arthroplasty. It is not applicable to all joints it is used in the diseases affectingshoulder, elbow, hip, knee, certain joints in the hand, and the metatarso-phalangealjoints in the foot. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

What is Arthroplasty Surgery?

Arthroplasty is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint. It is a surgical procedure to restore theintegrity and function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint also known asprosthesis may also be used. Various types of arthritis may affect the joints. Osteoarthritis a degenerative jointdisease results in a loss of the cartilage or cushion in a joint and is the most common reason for arthroplasty. It is notapplicable to all joints it is used in the diseases affecting shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, certain joints in the hand, and themetatarso-phalangeal joints in the foot. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

Symptoms for Arthroplasty Surgery:

Significant disabling pain, deformity, and reduced quality of life are the primary indications forArthroplasty Surgery. Patients at this stage of discomfort and disability will most likely havealready been diagnosed with a form of arthritis. Pain and stiffness on weight-bearing joints arethe major symptoms that patients report, though some people experience night pain as well.Other symptoms may include stiffness, swelling, and locking of the joint; and even the jointgiving way, particularly when the knees or hips are affected.

Diagnosis for Arthroplasty Surgery:

To determine the extent of disabling, the referring physician and/or the surgeon will likelyask about walking distance, sporting ability, the need for walking aids, and the ability toperform self-care tasks such as dressing and bathing. Besides evaluation of the joint itselfand level of mobility, the clinical examination will include evaluation of the patient's generalhealth, the condition of the ligaments and muscles around the affected joint, and alsoassessment of the patient's mental outlook and social circumstances to help develop themost effective postoperative rehabilitation plan. Diagnostic testing will typically include: X rays of the affected joint (and other joints as well)to determine loss of joint space

and to differentiate between OA and RA Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (Cat scans), magnetic resonance

(MRI), and bone densitometry to assess bone loss or bone infection Cardiac tests, such as electrocardiogram, to evaluate the heart and circulatory

system Blood tests to rule out infection and possibly to confirm arthritis.

Arthroplasty Surgery in India :

Overview:Arthroplasty is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint. It is asurgical procedure to restore the integrity and function of a joint. A joint can be restoredby resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint also known as prosthesis may also be used.Various types of arthritis may affect the joints. Osteoarthritis a degenerative jointdisease results in a loss of the cartilage or cushion in a joint and is the most commonreason for arthroplasty. It is not applicable to all joints it is used in the diseases affectingshoulder, elbow, hip, knee, certain joints in the hand, and the metatarso-phalangealjoints in the foot. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

What is Arthroplasty Surgery?

Arthroplasty is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint. It is a surgical procedure to restore theintegrity and function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint also known asprosthesis may also be used. Various types of arthritis may affect the joints. Osteoarthritis a degenerative jointdisease results in a loss of the cartilage or cushion in a joint and is the most common reason for arthroplasty. It is notapplicable to all joints it is used in the diseases affecting shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, certain joints in the hand, and themetatarso-phalangeal joints in the foot. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

Symptoms for Arthroplasty Surgery:

Significant disabling pain, deformity, and reduced quality of life are the primary indications forArthroplasty Surgery. Patients at this stage of discomfort and disability will most likely havealready been diagnosed with a form of arthritis. Pain and stiffness on weight-bearing joints arethe major symptoms that patients report, though some people experience night pain as well.Other symptoms may include stiffness, swelling, and locking of the joint; and even the jointgiving way, particularly when the knees or hips are affected.

Diagnosis for Arthroplasty Surgery:

To determine the extent of disabling, the referring physician and/or the surgeon will likelyask about walking distance, sporting ability, the need for walking aids, and the ability toperform self-care tasks such as dressing and bathing. Besides evaluation of the joint itselfand level of mobility, the clinical examination will include evaluation of the patient's generalhealth, the condition of the ligaments and muscles around the affected joint, and alsoassessment of the patient's mental outlook and social circumstances to help develop themost effective postoperative rehabilitation plan. Diagnostic testing will typically include: X rays of the affected joint (and other joints as well)to determine loss of joint space

and to differentiate between OA and RA Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (Cat scans), magnetic resonance

(MRI), and bone densitometry to assess bone loss or bone infection Cardiac tests, such as electrocardiogram, to evaluate the heart and circulatory

system Blood tests to rule out infection and possibly to confirm arthritis.

Arthroplasty Surgery in India :

Overview:Arthroplasty is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint. It is asurgical procedure to restore the integrity and function of a joint. A joint can be restoredby resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint also known as prosthesis may also be used.Various types of arthritis may affect the joints. Osteoarthritis a degenerative jointdisease results in a loss of the cartilage or cushion in a joint and is the most commonreason for arthroplasty. It is not applicable to all joints it is used in the diseases affectingshoulder, elbow, hip, knee, certain joints in the hand, and the metatarso-phalangealjoints in the foot. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

What is Arthroplasty Surgery?

Arthroplasty is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint. It is a surgical procedure to restore theintegrity and function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint also known asprosthesis may also be used. Various types of arthritis may affect the joints. Osteoarthritis a degenerative jointdisease results in a loss of the cartilage or cushion in a joint and is the most common reason for arthroplasty. It is notapplicable to all joints it is used in the diseases affecting shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, certain joints in the hand, and themetatarso-phalangeal joints in the foot. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

Symptoms for Arthroplasty Surgery:

Significant disabling pain, deformity, and reduced quality of life are the primary indications forArthroplasty Surgery. Patients at this stage of discomfort and disability will most likely havealready been diagnosed with a form of arthritis. Pain and stiffness on weight-bearing joints arethe major symptoms that patients report, though some people experience night pain as well.Other symptoms may include stiffness, swelling, and locking of the joint; and even the jointgiving way, particularly when the knees or hips are affected.

Diagnosis for Arthroplasty Surgery:

To determine the extent of disabling, the referring physician and/or the surgeon will likelyask about walking distance, sporting ability, the need for walking aids, and the ability toperform self-care tasks such as dressing and bathing. Besides evaluation of the joint itselfand level of mobility, the clinical examination will include evaluation of the patient's generalhealth, the condition of the ligaments and muscles around the affected joint, and alsoassessment of the patient's mental outlook and social circumstances to help develop themost effective postoperative rehabilitation plan. Diagnostic testing will typically include: X rays of the affected joint (and other joints as well)to determine loss of joint space

and to differentiate between OA and RA Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (Cat scans), magnetic resonance

(MRI), and bone densitometry to assess bone loss or bone infection Cardiac tests, such as electrocardiogram, to evaluate the heart and circulatory

system Blood tests to rule out infection and possibly to confirm arthritis.

Preparing for Arthroplasty Surgery:

Arthroplasty is major Surgery. Pre-operative preparation begins immediately followingsurgical consultation and lasts approximately one month. Patient is to perform rangeof motion exercises and hip, knee and ankle strengthening as directed daily. Beforethe surgery is performed, pre-operative tests are done: usually a complete bloodcount, electrolytes, APTT and PT to measure blood clotting, chest X-rays, ECG, andblood cross-matching for possible transfusion. About a month before the surgery, thepatient may be prescribed supplemental iron to boost the hemoglobin in their bloodsystem. Accurate X-rays of the affected knee are needed to measure the size ofcomponents which will be needed.

Medications such as warfarin and aspirin will be stopped some days before surgery toreduce the amount of bleeding. Patients may be admitted on the day of surgery if the pre-op work-up is done in thepre-anesthetic clinic or may come into hospital one or more days before surgery. Some hospitals offer a pre-operativeseminar for this surgery. Many surgeons ask arthroplasty candidates to begin strengthening exercises during theweeks before surgery. Strengthening muscles around the joint can make the recovery process quicker and smoother.In addition a physician may recommend quitting certain prescription medications and even herbal supplements. If apatient smokes, a doctor will most likely recommend quitting a month prior to surgery. Every case is different, anddifferent surgeons may have different procedures. If you are considering or planning arthroplasty, consult yourorthopedic surgeon for the best advice on your case.

Types of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The following are the types of Arthroplasty Surgery:

Interpositional Arthroplasty: The main goal of interposition surgery is to ease thepain of osteoarthritis where the surfaces of the elbow joint are rubbing together. Itinvolves placing of some other tissue like skin, muscle or tendon to keepinflammatory surfaces apart. The term interposition means that new tissue is placedbetween the damaged surfaces of the elbow joint. In this surgery, tissue is takenfrom another source to fill in the space in the elbow joint. The soft tissue forms afalse joint. This surgery has best results in younger people with healthy tissuearound the elbow joint. Interposition arthroplasty is different than a fusion surgery.Fusion simply binds the joint together, and the elbow loses much movement.Interposition arthroplasty can help take away pain while allowing the elbow joint toretain some movement.

Excisional Arthroplasty: In this procedure the joint surface and bone creating the problem is removed fromthe joint so that the scar tissue can grow and fill the joint space. In this method one or both of the articularends of the bones are simply excised, so that a gap is created between them. The gap fills with fibrous tissue,or a pad of muscle or other soft tissue may be sewn in between the bones. By virtue of its flexibility theinterposed tissue allows a reasonable range of movement, but the joint often lacks stability. The method isapplicable to all the joints for which arthroplasty is practicable except the knee andankle. It is used most commonly at the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe,in the treatment of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus.

Resection Arthroplasty: A resection arthroplasty is a procedure where the bonearound the hip joint is removed and the joint space is allowed to fill with scartissue. This procedure is usually done in patients with severe infection that cannotbe controlled, or in patients whose physical condition is such that they have littlechance of normal walking. Patients who undergo a Girdlestone resectionarthroplasty will likely need some assistive device for walking. The rehabilitationfollowing surgery for a simple resection arthroplasty is usually fairly rapid. Patientsshould expect the soreness to last for three to six weeks. Postoperatively, patients

Preparing for Arthroplasty Surgery:

Arthroplasty is major Surgery. Pre-operative preparation begins immediately followingsurgical consultation and lasts approximately one month. Patient is to perform rangeof motion exercises and hip, knee and ankle strengthening as directed daily. Beforethe surgery is performed, pre-operative tests are done: usually a complete bloodcount, electrolytes, APTT and PT to measure blood clotting, chest X-rays, ECG, andblood cross-matching for possible transfusion. About a month before the surgery, thepatient may be prescribed supplemental iron to boost the hemoglobin in their bloodsystem. Accurate X-rays of the affected knee are needed to measure the size ofcomponents which will be needed.

Medications such as warfarin and aspirin will be stopped some days before surgery toreduce the amount of bleeding. Patients may be admitted on the day of surgery if the pre-op work-up is done in thepre-anesthetic clinic or may come into hospital one or more days before surgery. Some hospitals offer a pre-operativeseminar for this surgery. Many surgeons ask arthroplasty candidates to begin strengthening exercises during theweeks before surgery. Strengthening muscles around the joint can make the recovery process quicker and smoother.In addition a physician may recommend quitting certain prescription medications and even herbal supplements. If apatient smokes, a doctor will most likely recommend quitting a month prior to surgery. Every case is different, anddifferent surgeons may have different procedures. If you are considering or planning arthroplasty, consult yourorthopedic surgeon for the best advice on your case.

Types of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The following are the types of Arthroplasty Surgery:

Interpositional Arthroplasty: The main goal of interposition surgery is to ease thepain of osteoarthritis where the surfaces of the elbow joint are rubbing together. Itinvolves placing of some other tissue like skin, muscle or tendon to keepinflammatory surfaces apart. The term interposition means that new tissue is placedbetween the damaged surfaces of the elbow joint. In this surgery, tissue is takenfrom another source to fill in the space in the elbow joint. The soft tissue forms afalse joint. This surgery has best results in younger people with healthy tissuearound the elbow joint. Interposition arthroplasty is different than a fusion surgery.Fusion simply binds the joint together, and the elbow loses much movement.Interposition arthroplasty can help take away pain while allowing the elbow joint toretain some movement.

Excisional Arthroplasty: In this procedure the joint surface and bone creating the problem is removed fromthe joint so that the scar tissue can grow and fill the joint space. In this method one or both of the articularends of the bones are simply excised, so that a gap is created between them. The gap fills with fibrous tissue,or a pad of muscle or other soft tissue may be sewn in between the bones. By virtue of its flexibility theinterposed tissue allows a reasonable range of movement, but the joint often lacks stability. The method isapplicable to all the joints for which arthroplasty is practicable except the knee andankle. It is used most commonly at the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe,in the treatment of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus.

Resection Arthroplasty: A resection arthroplasty is a procedure where the bonearound the hip joint is removed and the joint space is allowed to fill with scartissue. This procedure is usually done in patients with severe infection that cannotbe controlled, or in patients whose physical condition is such that they have littlechance of normal walking. Patients who undergo a Girdlestone resectionarthroplasty will likely need some assistive device for walking. The rehabilitationfollowing surgery for a simple resection arthroplasty is usually fairly rapid. Patientsshould expect the soreness to last for three to six weeks. Postoperatively, patients

Preparing for Arthroplasty Surgery:

Arthroplasty is major Surgery. Pre-operative preparation begins immediately followingsurgical consultation and lasts approximately one month. Patient is to perform rangeof motion exercises and hip, knee and ankle strengthening as directed daily. Beforethe surgery is performed, pre-operative tests are done: usually a complete bloodcount, electrolytes, APTT and PT to measure blood clotting, chest X-rays, ECG, andblood cross-matching for possible transfusion. About a month before the surgery, thepatient may be prescribed supplemental iron to boost the hemoglobin in their bloodsystem. Accurate X-rays of the affected knee are needed to measure the size ofcomponents which will be needed.

Medications such as warfarin and aspirin will be stopped some days before surgery toreduce the amount of bleeding. Patients may be admitted on the day of surgery if the pre-op work-up is done in thepre-anesthetic clinic or may come into hospital one or more days before surgery. Some hospitals offer a pre-operativeseminar for this surgery. Many surgeons ask arthroplasty candidates to begin strengthening exercises during theweeks before surgery. Strengthening muscles around the joint can make the recovery process quicker and smoother.In addition a physician may recommend quitting certain prescription medications and even herbal supplements. If apatient smokes, a doctor will most likely recommend quitting a month prior to surgery. Every case is different, anddifferent surgeons may have different procedures. If you are considering or planning arthroplasty, consult yourorthopedic surgeon for the best advice on your case.

Types of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The following are the types of Arthroplasty Surgery:

Interpositional Arthroplasty: The main goal of interposition surgery is to ease thepain of osteoarthritis where the surfaces of the elbow joint are rubbing together. Itinvolves placing of some other tissue like skin, muscle or tendon to keepinflammatory surfaces apart. The term interposition means that new tissue is placedbetween the damaged surfaces of the elbow joint. In this surgery, tissue is takenfrom another source to fill in the space in the elbow joint. The soft tissue forms afalse joint. This surgery has best results in younger people with healthy tissuearound the elbow joint. Interposition arthroplasty is different than a fusion surgery.Fusion simply binds the joint together, and the elbow loses much movement.Interposition arthroplasty can help take away pain while allowing the elbow joint toretain some movement.

Excisional Arthroplasty: In this procedure the joint surface and bone creating the problem is removed fromthe joint so that the scar tissue can grow and fill the joint space. In this method one or both of the articularends of the bones are simply excised, so that a gap is created between them. The gap fills with fibrous tissue,or a pad of muscle or other soft tissue may be sewn in between the bones. By virtue of its flexibility theinterposed tissue allows a reasonable range of movement, but the joint often lacks stability. The method isapplicable to all the joints for which arthroplasty is practicable except the knee andankle. It is used most commonly at the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe,in the treatment of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus.

Resection Arthroplasty: A resection arthroplasty is a procedure where the bonearound the hip joint is removed and the joint space is allowed to fill with scartissue. This procedure is usually done in patients with severe infection that cannotbe controlled, or in patients whose physical condition is such that they have littlechance of normal walking. Patients who undergo a Girdlestone resectionarthroplasty will likely need some assistive device for walking. The rehabilitationfollowing surgery for a simple resection arthroplasty is usually fairly rapid. Patientsshould expect the soreness to last for three to six weeks. Postoperatively, patients

usually have the affected arm in a sling for two weeks. Thereafter, a progressive passive range of shouldermotion exercise is started, usually with range-of-motion exercises that gradually evolve into active stretchingand strengthening.

Resurfacing Arthroplasty: This is a type of surgery that replaces the arthriticsurface of the joint, however, removes far less bone than the traditional total hipreplacement. Because the hip resurfacing removes less bone, it may bepreferable for younger patients that are expected to need a second, or revision,hip replacement surgery as they grow older and wear out the original artificial hipreplacement. Surgeons perform this operation using several different incisions, orapproaches, to the hip joint. The anterior approach from the front of the hip andthe posterior approach from the back of the hip. After surgery, your hip will becovered with a padded dressing. Special boots or stockings are placed on yourfeet to help prevent blood clots from forming.

Cup Arthroplasty: Is a surgical replacement procedure performed by a metal or plastic mold to relieve painand increase motion in arthritis or to correct a deformity. The damaged or diseased bone is removed, and theacetabulum and the head of the femur are reshaped. A cup is inserted betweenthe two and becomes the articulating surface of the femur. After surgery thepatient's leg is placed on an abduction pillow to hold it in a position of abductionextension and internal rotation to keep the disk in place in the acetabulum. Thepatient receives extensive physical therapy for a complete recovery.

Silicone Replacement Arthroplasty: It is a surgical procedure where thechemical silicone is used as a substitute for rubber that is stable and doesn't reactor heat up. It can be formed into the shape of the trapezium and inserted into thethumb to replace it. The first silicone implant for the thumb was done in 1965.Since then, the implant and the surgery have both been changed and updatedmany times. The kind of patient selected for this surgery is also important. Patients with jobs that have lowactivity are good candidates. The new joint works well for patients who have advanced arthritis in the base ofthe thumb. This treatment happens to be is a very good treatment choice for thumb arthritis, while it has veryless risks or complications involved.

Mould Arthroplasty: Mould arthroplasty is a conservative operation in which only one side of the joint isreplaced, preserving bone stock for future, more extensive procedures if necessary. These operations maybuy time before a total hip replacement (THR) is indicated but the effect of these implants on the long-termperformance of a subsequent cemented THR has not been clear.

1.How is the Arthroplasty Surgery performed?

2.You will be given an anesthetic and the surgeon will replace the damaged parts of thejoint. For example, in an arthritic knee the damaged ends of the bones and cartilageare replaced with metal and plastic surfaces that are shaped to restore kneemovement and function. In an arthritic hip, the damaged ball (the upper end of thefemur) is replaced by a metal ball attached to a metal stem fitted into the femur and aplastic socket is implanted into the pelvis, replacing the damaged socket. Although hipand knee replacements are the most common joint replaced, this surgery can beperformed on other joints, including the ankle, foot, shoulder, elbow, and fingers. Thematerials used in a total joint replacement are designed to enable the joint to move justlike a normal joint. The prosthesis is generally composed of two parts: a metal piecethat fits closely into a matching sturdy plastic piece. Several metals are used, includingstainless steel, alloys of cobalt and chrome, and titanium. The plastic material isdurable and wears resistant (polyethylene). Plastic bone cement may be used toanchor the prosthesis into the bone. Joint replacements also can be implanted withoutcement when the prosthesis and the bone are designed to fit and lock together directly.

3.4.5.6.

usually have the affected arm in a sling for two weeks. Thereafter, a progressive passive range of shouldermotion exercise is started, usually with range-of-motion exercises that gradually evolve into active stretchingand strengthening.

Resurfacing Arthroplasty: This is a type of surgery that replaces the arthriticsurface of the joint, however, removes far less bone than the traditional total hipreplacement. Because the hip resurfacing removes less bone, it may bepreferable for younger patients that are expected to need a second, or revision,hip replacement surgery as they grow older and wear out the original artificial hipreplacement. Surgeons perform this operation using several different incisions, orapproaches, to the hip joint. The anterior approach from the front of the hip andthe posterior approach from the back of the hip. After surgery, your hip will becovered with a padded dressing. Special boots or stockings are placed on yourfeet to help prevent blood clots from forming.

Cup Arthroplasty: Is a surgical replacement procedure performed by a metal or plastic mold to relieve painand increase motion in arthritis or to correct a deformity. The damaged or diseased bone is removed, and theacetabulum and the head of the femur are reshaped. A cup is inserted betweenthe two and becomes the articulating surface of the femur. After surgery thepatient's leg is placed on an abduction pillow to hold it in a position of abductionextension and internal rotation to keep the disk in place in the acetabulum. Thepatient receives extensive physical therapy for a complete recovery.

Silicone Replacement Arthroplasty: It is a surgical procedure where thechemical silicone is used as a substitute for rubber that is stable and doesn't reactor heat up. It can be formed into the shape of the trapezium and inserted into thethumb to replace it. The first silicone implant for the thumb was done in 1965.Since then, the implant and the surgery have both been changed and updatedmany times. The kind of patient selected for this surgery is also important. Patients with jobs that have lowactivity are good candidates. The new joint works well for patients who have advanced arthritis in the base ofthe thumb. This treatment happens to be is a very good treatment choice for thumb arthritis, while it has veryless risks or complications involved.

Mould Arthroplasty: Mould arthroplasty is a conservative operation in which only one side of the joint isreplaced, preserving bone stock for future, more extensive procedures if necessary. These operations maybuy time before a total hip replacement (THR) is indicated but the effect of these implants on the long-termperformance of a subsequent cemented THR has not been clear.

1.How is the Arthroplasty Surgery performed?

2.You will be given an anesthetic and the surgeon will replace the damaged parts of thejoint. For example, in an arthritic knee the damaged ends of the bones and cartilageare replaced with metal and plastic surfaces that are shaped to restore kneemovement and function. In an arthritic hip, the damaged ball (the upper end of thefemur) is replaced by a metal ball attached to a metal stem fitted into the femur and aplastic socket is implanted into the pelvis, replacing the damaged socket. Although hipand knee replacements are the most common joint replaced, this surgery can beperformed on other joints, including the ankle, foot, shoulder, elbow, and fingers. Thematerials used in a total joint replacement are designed to enable the joint to move justlike a normal joint. The prosthesis is generally composed of two parts: a metal piecethat fits closely into a matching sturdy plastic piece. Several metals are used, includingstainless steel, alloys of cobalt and chrome, and titanium. The plastic material isdurable and wears resistant (polyethylene). Plastic bone cement may be used toanchor the prosthesis into the bone. Joint replacements also can be implanted withoutcement when the prosthesis and the bone are designed to fit and lock together directly.

3.4.5.6.

usually have the affected arm in a sling for two weeks. Thereafter, a progressive passive range of shouldermotion exercise is started, usually with range-of-motion exercises that gradually evolve into active stretchingand strengthening.

Resurfacing Arthroplasty: This is a type of surgery that replaces the arthriticsurface of the joint, however, removes far less bone than the traditional total hipreplacement. Because the hip resurfacing removes less bone, it may bepreferable for younger patients that are expected to need a second, or revision,hip replacement surgery as they grow older and wear out the original artificial hipreplacement. Surgeons perform this operation using several different incisions, orapproaches, to the hip joint. The anterior approach from the front of the hip andthe posterior approach from the back of the hip. After surgery, your hip will becovered with a padded dressing. Special boots or stockings are placed on yourfeet to help prevent blood clots from forming.

Cup Arthroplasty: Is a surgical replacement procedure performed by a metal or plastic mold to relieve painand increase motion in arthritis or to correct a deformity. The damaged or diseased bone is removed, and theacetabulum and the head of the femur are reshaped. A cup is inserted betweenthe two and becomes the articulating surface of the femur. After surgery thepatient's leg is placed on an abduction pillow to hold it in a position of abductionextension and internal rotation to keep the disk in place in the acetabulum. Thepatient receives extensive physical therapy for a complete recovery.

Silicone Replacement Arthroplasty: It is a surgical procedure where thechemical silicone is used as a substitute for rubber that is stable and doesn't reactor heat up. It can be formed into the shape of the trapezium and inserted into thethumb to replace it. The first silicone implant for the thumb was done in 1965.Since then, the implant and the surgery have both been changed and updatedmany times. The kind of patient selected for this surgery is also important. Patients with jobs that have lowactivity are good candidates. The new joint works well for patients who have advanced arthritis in the base ofthe thumb. This treatment happens to be is a very good treatment choice for thumb arthritis, while it has veryless risks or complications involved.

Mould Arthroplasty: Mould arthroplasty is a conservative operation in which only one side of the joint isreplaced, preserving bone stock for future, more extensive procedures if necessary. These operations maybuy time before a total hip replacement (THR) is indicated but the effect of these implants on the long-termperformance of a subsequent cemented THR has not been clear.

1.How is the Arthroplasty Surgery performed?

2.You will be given an anesthetic and the surgeon will replace the damaged parts of thejoint. For example, in an arthritic knee the damaged ends of the bones and cartilageare replaced with metal and plastic surfaces that are shaped to restore kneemovement and function. In an arthritic hip, the damaged ball (the upper end of thefemur) is replaced by a metal ball attached to a metal stem fitted into the femur and aplastic socket is implanted into the pelvis, replacing the damaged socket. Although hipand knee replacements are the most common joint replaced, this surgery can beperformed on other joints, including the ankle, foot, shoulder, elbow, and fingers. Thematerials used in a total joint replacement are designed to enable the joint to move justlike a normal joint. The prosthesis is generally composed of two parts: a metal piecethat fits closely into a matching sturdy plastic piece. Several metals are used, includingstainless steel, alloys of cobalt and chrome, and titanium. The plastic material isdurable and wears resistant (polyethylene). Plastic bone cement may be used toanchor the prosthesis into the bone. Joint replacements also can be implanted withoutcement when the prosthesis and the bone are designed to fit and lock together directly.

3.4.5.6.

7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14. The common procedures performed under Arthroplasty Surgery:

Shoulder Arthroscopy and Reconstruction Total Joint Reconstruction Foot and Ankle Reconstruction Hand Surgery Knee Arthroscopy and Reconstruction Artificial Joint Replacement Surgery Elbow Joint Replacement Half-joint Replacement Surgery Joint Fusion Hand Joint Replacement Surgery

Post Operative Care Arthroplasty Surgery:

Immediately after surgery, while still in the hospital, patients will be given pain medications for the recovery period andantibiotics to prevent infection. When patients are discharged after joint surgery, they must be careful not tooverstress or destabilize the joint, requiring rest at home for a period of weeks. Physical therapy will begin immediatelyto improve strength and range of motion; it is the most important aid to recovery and may continue for several months.Activity may be resumed gradually, using devices if necessary, such as walkers or crutches, as recommended by thephysical therapist. Lifestyle changes may include the use of special seating or sleeping surfaces, and employing homecare assistance for help with shopping, cooking, and household tasks.

Recovery after Arthroplasty Surgery:

Early mobilization of the patient is thought to be the key to reducing the chances of complications such as venousthromboembolism and Pneumonia. Modern practice is to mobilize patients as soon as possible and ambulate withwalking aids when tolerated. Depending on the joint involved and the pre-op statusof the patient the time of hospitalization varies from 1 day to 2 weeks with theaverage being 4-7 days in most regions. Physiotherapy is used extensively to helppatients recover function after Arthroplasty Surgery. A graded exercise programmeis needed. Initially the patients' muscles have not healed after the surgery; exercisesfor range of motion of the joints and ambulation should not be strenuous. Later whenthe muscle is healed the aim of exercise expands to include strengthening andrecovery of function. A few days hospitalization followed by several weeks ofprotected function, healing and recovery. This may then be followed by severalmonths of slow improvement in strength and endurance.

Benefits of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The following are the benefits of Arthroplasty Surgery:

Improved movement and use of a joint: Arthroplasty Surgery can replace or stabilize the joint, allowingyou to stand and walk more and move your body easily.

Pain relief: Surgery can relieve pain that doesn't respond to other treatment options. Improved alignment of deformed joints: Re-aligning the joints can improve the functioning of those joints,

plus make cosmetic improvements. Thus improve the look and alignment of the joints.

Risks of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The Risks for Arthroplasty Surgery includes infections, blood clots, being overweight can add extra stress duringsurgery. However, the complications of infection and blood clots can be alleviated by precise medications.

7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14. The common procedures performed under Arthroplasty Surgery:

Shoulder Arthroscopy and Reconstruction Total Joint Reconstruction Foot and Ankle Reconstruction Hand Surgery Knee Arthroscopy and Reconstruction Artificial Joint Replacement Surgery Elbow Joint Replacement Half-joint Replacement Surgery Joint Fusion Hand Joint Replacement Surgery

Post Operative Care Arthroplasty Surgery:

Immediately after surgery, while still in the hospital, patients will be given pain medications for the recovery period andantibiotics to prevent infection. When patients are discharged after joint surgery, they must be careful not tooverstress or destabilize the joint, requiring rest at home for a period of weeks. Physical therapy will begin immediatelyto improve strength and range of motion; it is the most important aid to recovery and may continue for several months.Activity may be resumed gradually, using devices if necessary, such as walkers or crutches, as recommended by thephysical therapist. Lifestyle changes may include the use of special seating or sleeping surfaces, and employing homecare assistance for help with shopping, cooking, and household tasks.

Recovery after Arthroplasty Surgery:

Early mobilization of the patient is thought to be the key to reducing the chances of complications such as venousthromboembolism and Pneumonia. Modern practice is to mobilize patients as soon as possible and ambulate withwalking aids when tolerated. Depending on the joint involved and the pre-op statusof the patient the time of hospitalization varies from 1 day to 2 weeks with theaverage being 4-7 days in most regions. Physiotherapy is used extensively to helppatients recover function after Arthroplasty Surgery. A graded exercise programmeis needed. Initially the patients' muscles have not healed after the surgery; exercisesfor range of motion of the joints and ambulation should not be strenuous. Later whenthe muscle is healed the aim of exercise expands to include strengthening andrecovery of function. A few days hospitalization followed by several weeks ofprotected function, healing and recovery. This may then be followed by severalmonths of slow improvement in strength and endurance.

Benefits of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The following are the benefits of Arthroplasty Surgery:

Improved movement and use of a joint: Arthroplasty Surgery can replace or stabilize the joint, allowingyou to stand and walk more and move your body easily.

Pain relief: Surgery can relieve pain that doesn't respond to other treatment options. Improved alignment of deformed joints: Re-aligning the joints can improve the functioning of those joints,

plus make cosmetic improvements. Thus improve the look and alignment of the joints.

Risks of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The Risks for Arthroplasty Surgery includes infections, blood clots, being overweight can add extra stress duringsurgery. However, the complications of infection and blood clots can be alleviated by precise medications.

7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14. The common procedures performed under Arthroplasty Surgery:

Shoulder Arthroscopy and Reconstruction Total Joint Reconstruction Foot and Ankle Reconstruction Hand Surgery Knee Arthroscopy and Reconstruction Artificial Joint Replacement Surgery Elbow Joint Replacement Half-joint Replacement Surgery Joint Fusion Hand Joint Replacement Surgery

Post Operative Care Arthroplasty Surgery:

Immediately after surgery, while still in the hospital, patients will be given pain medications for the recovery period andantibiotics to prevent infection. When patients are discharged after joint surgery, they must be careful not tooverstress or destabilize the joint, requiring rest at home for a period of weeks. Physical therapy will begin immediatelyto improve strength and range of motion; it is the most important aid to recovery and may continue for several months.Activity may be resumed gradually, using devices if necessary, such as walkers or crutches, as recommended by thephysical therapist. Lifestyle changes may include the use of special seating or sleeping surfaces, and employing homecare assistance for help with shopping, cooking, and household tasks.

Recovery after Arthroplasty Surgery:

Early mobilization of the patient is thought to be the key to reducing the chances of complications such as venousthromboembolism and Pneumonia. Modern practice is to mobilize patients as soon as possible and ambulate withwalking aids when tolerated. Depending on the joint involved and the pre-op statusof the patient the time of hospitalization varies from 1 day to 2 weeks with theaverage being 4-7 days in most regions. Physiotherapy is used extensively to helppatients recover function after Arthroplasty Surgery. A graded exercise programmeis needed. Initially the patients' muscles have not healed after the surgery; exercisesfor range of motion of the joints and ambulation should not be strenuous. Later whenthe muscle is healed the aim of exercise expands to include strengthening andrecovery of function. A few days hospitalization followed by several weeks ofprotected function, healing and recovery. This may then be followed by severalmonths of slow improvement in strength and endurance.

Benefits of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The following are the benefits of Arthroplasty Surgery:

Improved movement and use of a joint: Arthroplasty Surgery can replace or stabilize the joint, allowingyou to stand and walk more and move your body easily.

Pain relief: Surgery can relieve pain that doesn't respond to other treatment options. Improved alignment of deformed joints: Re-aligning the joints can improve the functioning of those joints,

plus make cosmetic improvements. Thus improve the look and alignment of the joints.

Risks of Arthroplasty Surgery:

The Risks for Arthroplasty Surgery includes infections, blood clots, being overweight can add extra stress duringsurgery. However, the complications of infection and blood clots can be alleviated by precise medications.

Advance Arthroplasty Surgery:

Laser Assisted Arthroplasty Surgery:This procedure uses laser lights/beams to help surgeons align cutting instruments inArthroplasty Surgery. The technology allows implanting your joint replacement withincreased accuracy and precision. Laser Assisted Arthroplasty Surgery at AOA is theonly device of its kind. It is a completely new method of surgical guidance andnavigation. The various benefits for having the laser assisted arthroplasty surgeryincludes, the use of small incision by the surgeon during the procedure, which leavesyou with minimal muscle and tissue damage, less recovery time and hospital stay. Dueto these advantages of the laser assisted arthroplasty surgery, the procedure seems tobe becoming popular with patients suffering from joint patient

Arthroplasty Surgery in India:India has emerged to be the most preferred destination for global patients opting for Arthroplasty Surgery. Since the

Surgery has successfully rendered with best services of quality par with international benchmark and that too at low

cost affordable to everyone.

The team of physicians and orthopedic surgeons performing Arthroplasty Surgery in

India includes board-certified orthopaedic surgeons with fellowship training at

prestigious medical centres of the developed nations. They are a well-known and

respected physician's resource for consultation, diagnosis, and ongoing treatment of

patients with joint pain and arthritis issues.

The Orthopaedic hospitals in India have an excellent infrastructure and are equipped

with the latest amenities that help the surgeons to perform high quality Arthroplasty

Surgery. Many of the foreign patients have successfully returned to their home-towns

with much freer and fitter joints through these procedures. They are available at various

hospitals in the following Indian cities

Arthroplasty Surgery in India is available in following cities:

Mumbai Hyderabad Kerala

Delhi Pune Goa

Bangalore Nagpur Jaipur

Chennai Gurgaon Chandigarh

Advance Arthroplasty Surgery:

Laser Assisted Arthroplasty Surgery:This procedure uses laser lights/beams to help surgeons align cutting instruments inArthroplasty Surgery. The technology allows implanting your joint replacement withincreased accuracy and precision. Laser Assisted Arthroplasty Surgery at AOA is theonly device of its kind. It is a completely new method of surgical guidance andnavigation. The various benefits for having the laser assisted arthroplasty surgeryincludes, the use of small incision by the surgeon during the procedure, which leavesyou with minimal muscle and tissue damage, less recovery time and hospital stay. Dueto these advantages of the laser assisted arthroplasty surgery, the procedure seems tobe becoming popular with patients suffering from joint patient

Arthroplasty Surgery in India:India has emerged to be the most preferred destination for global patients opting for Arthroplasty Surgery. Since the

Surgery has successfully rendered with best services of quality par with international benchmark and that too at low

cost affordable to everyone.

The team of physicians and orthopedic surgeons performing Arthroplasty Surgery in

India includes board-certified orthopaedic surgeons with fellowship training at

prestigious medical centres of the developed nations. They are a well-known and

respected physician's resource for consultation, diagnosis, and ongoing treatment of

patients with joint pain and arthritis issues.

The Orthopaedic hospitals in India have an excellent infrastructure and are equipped

with the latest amenities that help the surgeons to perform high quality Arthroplasty

Surgery. Many of the foreign patients have successfully returned to their home-towns

with much freer and fitter joints through these procedures. They are available at various

hospitals in the following Indian cities

Arthroplasty Surgery in India is available in following cities:

Mumbai Hyderabad Kerala

Delhi Pune Goa

Bangalore Nagpur Jaipur

Chennai Gurgaon Chandigarh

Advance Arthroplasty Surgery:

Laser Assisted Arthroplasty Surgery:This procedure uses laser lights/beams to help surgeons align cutting instruments inArthroplasty Surgery. The technology allows implanting your joint replacement withincreased accuracy and precision. Laser Assisted Arthroplasty Surgery at AOA is theonly device of its kind. It is a completely new method of surgical guidance andnavigation. The various benefits for having the laser assisted arthroplasty surgeryincludes, the use of small incision by the surgeon during the procedure, which leavesyou with minimal muscle and tissue damage, less recovery time and hospital stay. Dueto these advantages of the laser assisted arthroplasty surgery, the procedure seems tobe becoming popular with patients suffering from joint patient

Arthroplasty Surgery in India:India has emerged to be the most preferred destination for global patients opting for Arthroplasty Surgery. Since the

Surgery has successfully rendered with best services of quality par with international benchmark and that too at low

cost affordable to everyone.

The team of physicians and orthopedic surgeons performing Arthroplasty Surgery in

India includes board-certified orthopaedic surgeons with fellowship training at

prestigious medical centres of the developed nations. They are a well-known and

respected physician's resource for consultation, diagnosis, and ongoing treatment of

patients with joint pain and arthritis issues.

The Orthopaedic hospitals in India have an excellent infrastructure and are equipped

with the latest amenities that help the surgeons to perform high quality Arthroplasty

Surgery. Many of the foreign patients have successfully returned to their home-towns

with much freer and fitter joints through these procedures. They are available at various

hospitals in the following Indian cities

Arthroplasty Surgery in India is available in following cities:

Mumbai Hyderabad Kerala

Delhi Pune Goa

Bangalore Nagpur Jaipur

Chennai Gurgaon Chandigarh

The Cost of Arthroplasty Surgery in India:Significant cost difference is the key in bringing patients all across the world for Arthroplasty Surgery in India. India isnot only cheaper but offers quality service in terms of treatment and service. Cost is often the deciding factors forinternational patients coming for any Arthroplasty Surgery in India.

Procedure USA ($) India ($)Arthroplasty Surgery 28,000 4,000Hip Resurfacing 42,000 7,000Hip Replacement Surgery 38,000 6,000

Some of the common countries from which patients travel to India for surgery are:

USA UK Canada

Australia New Zealand Nigeria

Kenya Ethiopia Uganda

Tanzania Zambia Congo

Sri Lanka Bangladesh Pakistan

Afghanistan Nepal Uzbekhistan

ABOUT INDIA

Located in South Asia, bordered by Pakistan, Nepal, China and Bangladesh, India is SouthAsia's largest, sovereign, democratic republic. India has an edge over other countries whenit comes to offering comprehensive, cost-effective and timely medical care: it also offers anexotic, adventure-filled or cultural -if you wish array of destinations to discover and revel infor the travelers. Indian cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Goa, Bangalore, Nagpur, Kerala,Delhi, Pune, Jaipur, Chennai, Gurgaon, and Chandigarh offers best medical tourismservice.

Mumbai – A city quite unlike any other in the whole of India, Mumbai (previously named Bombay) is an islandcity, being located on Salsette Island, alongside the Arabian Sea. With an appealing coastline, many ofMumbai's top resorts and tourist attractions lie around its main beaches, which include both Juhu Beach andalso Girgaum Chowpatty Beach, where evening funfairs provide plenty of atmosphere.

Hyderabad - Hyderabad city is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, in the region ofTelangana. Hyderabad city is known for its rich history, food and its multi-lingual culture, both geographicallyand culturally. Founded in the year 1591 by fifth Qutb Shahi Ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah. Now knownas the historic old city, home to the Charminar, Falaknuma Palace, ChowmallahPalace and Makkah Masjid, it lies on the southern bank of the river.

Goa –Goa, a small enclave on the West Coast of India is one of the best holidaydestinations in the World. Famous for its long stretch of beaches dotted withshacks, it is a favorite destination for the European tourists who flock to Goa duringthe winter months. Swaying palms, white sands and sparkling waters: the threeessential elements that attract 2 million visitors annually to Goa’s balmy shores are

The Cost of Arthroplasty Surgery in India:Significant cost difference is the key in bringing patients all across the world for Arthroplasty Surgery in India. India isnot only cheaper but offers quality service in terms of treatment and service. Cost is often the deciding factors forinternational patients coming for any Arthroplasty Surgery in India.

Procedure USA ($) India ($)Arthroplasty Surgery 28,000 4,000Hip Resurfacing 42,000 7,000Hip Replacement Surgery 38,000 6,000

Some of the common countries from which patients travel to India for surgery are:

USA UK Canada

Australia New Zealand Nigeria

Kenya Ethiopia Uganda

Tanzania Zambia Congo

Sri Lanka Bangladesh Pakistan

Afghanistan Nepal Uzbekhistan

ABOUT INDIA

Located in South Asia, bordered by Pakistan, Nepal, China and Bangladesh, India is SouthAsia's largest, sovereign, democratic republic. India has an edge over other countries whenit comes to offering comprehensive, cost-effective and timely medical care: it also offers anexotic, adventure-filled or cultural -if you wish array of destinations to discover and revel infor the travelers. Indian cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Goa, Bangalore, Nagpur, Kerala,Delhi, Pune, Jaipur, Chennai, Gurgaon, and Chandigarh offers best medical tourismservice.

Mumbai – A city quite unlike any other in the whole of India, Mumbai (previously named Bombay) is an islandcity, being located on Salsette Island, alongside the Arabian Sea. With an appealing coastline, many ofMumbai's top resorts and tourist attractions lie around its main beaches, which include both Juhu Beach andalso Girgaum Chowpatty Beach, where evening funfairs provide plenty of atmosphere.

Hyderabad - Hyderabad city is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, in the region ofTelangana. Hyderabad city is known for its rich history, food and its multi-lingual culture, both geographicallyand culturally. Founded in the year 1591 by fifth Qutb Shahi Ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah. Now knownas the historic old city, home to the Charminar, Falaknuma Palace, ChowmallahPalace and Makkah Masjid, it lies on the southern bank of the river.

Goa –Goa, a small enclave on the West Coast of India is one of the best holidaydestinations in the World. Famous for its long stretch of beaches dotted withshacks, it is a favorite destination for the European tourists who flock to Goa duringthe winter months. Swaying palms, white sands and sparkling waters: the threeessential elements that attract 2 million visitors annually to Goa’s balmy shores are

The Cost of Arthroplasty Surgery in India:Significant cost difference is the key in bringing patients all across the world for Arthroplasty Surgery in India. India isnot only cheaper but offers quality service in terms of treatment and service. Cost is often the deciding factors forinternational patients coming for any Arthroplasty Surgery in India.

Procedure USA ($) India ($)Arthroplasty Surgery 28,000 4,000Hip Resurfacing 42,000 7,000Hip Replacement Surgery 38,000 6,000

Some of the common countries from which patients travel to India for surgery are:

USA UK Canada

Australia New Zealand Nigeria

Kenya Ethiopia Uganda

Tanzania Zambia Congo

Sri Lanka Bangladesh Pakistan

Afghanistan Nepal Uzbekhistan

ABOUT INDIA

Located in South Asia, bordered by Pakistan, Nepal, China and Bangladesh, India is SouthAsia's largest, sovereign, democratic republic. India has an edge over other countries whenit comes to offering comprehensive, cost-effective and timely medical care: it also offers anexotic, adventure-filled or cultural -if you wish array of destinations to discover and revel infor the travelers. Indian cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Goa, Bangalore, Nagpur, Kerala,Delhi, Pune, Jaipur, Chennai, Gurgaon, and Chandigarh offers best medical tourismservice.

Mumbai – A city quite unlike any other in the whole of India, Mumbai (previously named Bombay) is an islandcity, being located on Salsette Island, alongside the Arabian Sea. With an appealing coastline, many ofMumbai's top resorts and tourist attractions lie around its main beaches, which include both Juhu Beach andalso Girgaum Chowpatty Beach, where evening funfairs provide plenty of atmosphere.

Hyderabad - Hyderabad city is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, in the region ofTelangana. Hyderabad city is known for its rich history, food and its multi-lingual culture, both geographicallyand culturally. Founded in the year 1591 by fifth Qutb Shahi Ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah. Now knownas the historic old city, home to the Charminar, Falaknuma Palace, ChowmallahPalace and Makkah Masjid, it lies on the southern bank of the river.

Goa –Goa, a small enclave on the West Coast of India is one of the best holidaydestinations in the World. Famous for its long stretch of beaches dotted withshacks, it is a favorite destination for the European tourists who flock to Goa duringthe winter months. Swaying palms, white sands and sparkling waters: the threeessential elements that attract 2 million visitors annually to Goa’s balmy shores are

plentiful in this tiny, glorious slice of India.

Bangalore - Bangalore, the capital of the Karnataka, is fifth largest city in India. Few Cities in the World hasthe power to attract and motivate a casual visitor to move there permanently. Bangalore is one of those rarecities, which makes people who are new to the City to call themselves proud Bangaloreans. Bangalore, with awonderful climate is already a Pensioner's Paradise.

Nagpur – Capital of the "land of oranges" and geographically at the virtual centre of India, Nagpur is endowedwith rich forest resources and in itself is the second greenest city in India. The forests around Nagpur are fullof best quality teak plantations. Shopping in Nagpur may turn out to be a pleasant experience for thediscerning shopper. Nagpur is designed specifically for its many tourists and families to avoid any smallannoyances.

Kerala - The Land Kerala is a dramatic, narrow, leaf-shaped strip of land,flanked by the formidable Western Ghats on the east, and the Arabian Sea onthe west. A land of unabashed wealth, its people are amongst the mostprogressive and literate of the Indian populace. This tropical spice garden haslured the Arabs, Chinese and Europeans for many centuries. Christianity andJudaism entered the subcontinent through the legendary white sand beachesof Kerala.

Delhi - Delhi the capital of India main point of arrival for overseas visitors, and the major transport hub. Delhiis just not a city but it is a book that narrates the history of India. The city was built and destroyed seven timesand has been witness to the various events, which has brought India through the history books.

Pune - The city of Pune is situated in Maharashtra and is said to be the cultural capital of the state. Located ata distance of approximately 120 km from Mumbai, the city is one of major tourist destinations in India. The richhistory, architecture and culture of the city makes it a must visit destination for the tourist coming to India.

Jaipur –The city of Jaipur, painted in pink, grasp the appreciation of everyvisitor. One can see that hoary charm still alive in the avenues of Jaipur. Jaipuroffers World Class Medical Facilities, comparable with any of the westerncountries. It has state of the art Hospitals and the best qualified doctors.

Chennai – The Gateway to South India, Chennai is famous for its sandybeaches, parks and historic landmarks. With a very distinct culture, the people of Chennai have a specialinterest in music, dance and all other art forms of South India. Capital of the state of Tamil Nadu, Chennai hasembraced both the new and the old with ease.

Gurgaon – Gurgaon, the commercial capital of Haryana, is one of the most sought after destination forMNCs, Corporate, residents and Investors as it offers world class standard of living and globally comparablebusiness address in the form of IT parks and Business Centers and along with that very prominent medicalhub.

Chandigarh - Chandigarh is the best-planned city in India, with architecture which is world-renowned, and aquality of life, which is unparalleled. Chandigarh is a rare epitome of modernization co-existing with nature'spreservation. It is here that the trees and plants are as much a part of the construction plans as the buildingsand the roads.

plentiful in this tiny, glorious slice of India.

Bangalore - Bangalore, the capital of the Karnataka, is fifth largest city in India. Few Cities in the World hasthe power to attract and motivate a casual visitor to move there permanently. Bangalore is one of those rarecities, which makes people who are new to the City to call themselves proud Bangaloreans. Bangalore, with awonderful climate is already a Pensioner's Paradise.

Nagpur – Capital of the "land of oranges" and geographically at the virtual centre of India, Nagpur is endowedwith rich forest resources and in itself is the second greenest city in India. The forests around Nagpur are fullof best quality teak plantations. Shopping in Nagpur may turn out to be a pleasant experience for thediscerning shopper. Nagpur is designed specifically for its many tourists and families to avoid any smallannoyances.

Kerala - The Land Kerala is a dramatic, narrow, leaf-shaped strip of land,flanked by the formidable Western Ghats on the east, and the Arabian Sea onthe west. A land of unabashed wealth, its people are amongst the mostprogressive and literate of the Indian populace. This tropical spice garden haslured the Arabs, Chinese and Europeans for many centuries. Christianity andJudaism entered the subcontinent through the legendary white sand beachesof Kerala.

Delhi - Delhi the capital of India main point of arrival for overseas visitors, and the major transport hub. Delhiis just not a city but it is a book that narrates the history of India. The city was built and destroyed seven timesand has been witness to the various events, which has brought India through the history books.

Pune - The city of Pune is situated in Maharashtra and is said to be the cultural capital of the state. Located ata distance of approximately 120 km from Mumbai, the city is one of major tourist destinations in India. The richhistory, architecture and culture of the city makes it a must visit destination for the tourist coming to India.

Jaipur –The city of Jaipur, painted in pink, grasp the appreciation of everyvisitor. One can see that hoary charm still alive in the avenues of Jaipur. Jaipuroffers World Class Medical Facilities, comparable with any of the westerncountries. It has state of the art Hospitals and the best qualified doctors.

Chennai – The Gateway to South India, Chennai is famous for its sandybeaches, parks and historic landmarks. With a very distinct culture, the people of Chennai have a specialinterest in music, dance and all other art forms of South India. Capital of the state of Tamil Nadu, Chennai hasembraced both the new and the old with ease.

Gurgaon – Gurgaon, the commercial capital of Haryana, is one of the most sought after destination forMNCs, Corporate, residents and Investors as it offers world class standard of living and globally comparablebusiness address in the form of IT parks and Business Centers and along with that very prominent medicalhub.

Chandigarh - Chandigarh is the best-planned city in India, with architecture which is world-renowned, and aquality of life, which is unparalleled. Chandigarh is a rare epitome of modernization co-existing with nature'spreservation. It is here that the trees and plants are as much a part of the construction plans as the buildingsand the roads.

plentiful in this tiny, glorious slice of India.

Bangalore - Bangalore, the capital of the Karnataka, is fifth largest city in India. Few Cities in the World hasthe power to attract and motivate a casual visitor to move there permanently. Bangalore is one of those rarecities, which makes people who are new to the City to call themselves proud Bangaloreans. Bangalore, with awonderful climate is already a Pensioner's Paradise.

Nagpur – Capital of the "land of oranges" and geographically at the virtual centre of India, Nagpur is endowedwith rich forest resources and in itself is the second greenest city in India. The forests around Nagpur are fullof best quality teak plantations. Shopping in Nagpur may turn out to be a pleasant experience for thediscerning shopper. Nagpur is designed specifically for its many tourists and families to avoid any smallannoyances.

Kerala - The Land Kerala is a dramatic, narrow, leaf-shaped strip of land,flanked by the formidable Western Ghats on the east, and the Arabian Sea onthe west. A land of unabashed wealth, its people are amongst the mostprogressive and literate of the Indian populace. This tropical spice garden haslured the Arabs, Chinese and Europeans for many centuries. Christianity andJudaism entered the subcontinent through the legendary white sand beachesof Kerala.

Delhi - Delhi the capital of India main point of arrival for overseas visitors, and the major transport hub. Delhiis just not a city but it is a book that narrates the history of India. The city was built and destroyed seven timesand has been witness to the various events, which has brought India through the history books.

Pune - The city of Pune is situated in Maharashtra and is said to be the cultural capital of the state. Located ata distance of approximately 120 km from Mumbai, the city is one of major tourist destinations in India. The richhistory, architecture and culture of the city makes it a must visit destination for the tourist coming to India.

Jaipur –The city of Jaipur, painted in pink, grasp the appreciation of everyvisitor. One can see that hoary charm still alive in the avenues of Jaipur. Jaipuroffers World Class Medical Facilities, comparable with any of the westerncountries. It has state of the art Hospitals and the best qualified doctors.

Chennai – The Gateway to South India, Chennai is famous for its sandybeaches, parks and historic landmarks. With a very distinct culture, the people of Chennai have a specialinterest in music, dance and all other art forms of South India. Capital of the state of Tamil Nadu, Chennai hasembraced both the new and the old with ease.

Gurgaon – Gurgaon, the commercial capital of Haryana, is one of the most sought after destination forMNCs, Corporate, residents and Investors as it offers world class standard of living and globally comparablebusiness address in the form of IT parks and Business Centers and along with that very prominent medicalhub.

Chandigarh - Chandigarh is the best-planned city in India, with architecture which is world-renowned, and aquality of life, which is unparalleled. Chandigarh is a rare epitome of modernization co-existing with nature'spreservation. It is here that the trees and plants are as much a part of the construction plans as the buildingsand the roads.

Arthroplasty Surgery in India Testimonials:

Mr. Adeyanju - NigeriaLeg Surgery in India

I tried my best to find a Sclerotherapy for spider Vein back at my place, but unfortunately, I couldn’t find any placewherein I get the needful. Alas! Frustrated and dejected, I was rather compelled to think of some option abroad. Themost disturbing factor was the cost and then I had wait list too. So I wanted such a place where I can avoid these twohurdles. Luckily, a friend of mine suggested if I could try to search about Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India.Though, I found his idea bizarre, however, was convinced when he cited a couple of examples of his relatives whohad undergone their medical treatments and few of them had their Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India. Heforwarded me the newsletter of a medical consultant Tour2India4Health Group, which had information about variousmedical treatments carried out in India.As I read about the company and their services in catering various medical treatments including the Sclerotherapy forspider Vein in India, I realized that the group seems promising and I must contact them. I dropped them an e-mail, Igot a call I thus discussed my case at length. The executive promised me to turn up with an expert advice, which hekept and thus suggested me to have my Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India to be conducted at country’s besthospital at Bangalore. The executive offered me some affordable packages; the more I talked to him the more I wasconvinced about flying for my surgery in India. The moment I said yes, the Tour2India4Health company did everything,right from arranging a Visa to the doctor, to the hospital, everything was seemed their problems. Soon I reached formy Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India, after reaching there I found things really a tailor made, moving smooth rightfrom the doctor to hospital, everything was being taken care of by the guys from Tour2India4Health Group.They arranged everything for me for my Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India. I was taken directly to the hospitalwhere I met a doctor who seemed a gentleman person with huge experience. He had a fair idea about my case, thehospital seemed good. The next day my Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India was scheduled. Sclerotherapy is acommonly performed non-surgical treatment for varicose and "spider" leg veins is sclerotherapy in which medicine isinjected into the veins to make them shrink. The medicines that are commonly used as sclerosants are polidocanol(POL), sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS), Sclerodex (Canada), Hypertonic Saline, Glycerin and Chromated Glycerin.STS and Polidocanol(branded Asclera in the United States) liquids can be mixed with air or CO2 or O2 to createfoams. Sclerotherapy has been used in the treatment of varicose veins for over 150 years. Sclerotherapy can also beperformed using foamed sclerosants under ultrasound guidance to treat larger varicose veins, including the greatsaphenous and small saphenous veins. I didn’t have anything for few hours, in this procedure, no anesthesia isrequired, and then using a very fine needle, the doctor injected the vein-dissolving solution into the spider veins. Asthe procedure continued, I felt a small needle sticks and a mild burning sensation. The number of veins treated wasdone in 2-3 sessions and it varies and depends on the size and location of the veins.My procedure of Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India went just smooth and was seen completed within 45 minutes.At the end I must thank my medical consultant- Tour2India4Health Group, who had been instrumental in arranging myentire Sclerotherapy for spider Vein in India. I am really impressed by their service and quality treatment, and I amsure I will recommend both my service provider and India for various medical treatments and surgeries to my friendsand family members.May God bless them all!Thank you,

Mr. AdeyanjuNigeria