Art Of The 1920’S
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Art of the 1920’s
Jen Goldsman and Veronica Dallas
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Objectives•Precisionism
–Georgia O’Keefe–Edward Hooper
•American Scene Painting/ Regionalism –Grant Wood–Thomas Hart Benton
•Photography–Man Ray
•Abstract expressionism–Jackson Pollock –Willem de Kooning
•Genre Works –George Luks–Charles Hawthorne
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Precisionism• Emerged after World War 1• Influenced by Cubism and
Futurism• Mainly focused on
Industrialism and Modernization of the American landscape
• These artists tried to avoid European influence in their work
• Some famous Precisionists were Georgia O’Keeffe, Edward Hopper and Charles Demuth
Aucassiu and Nicolette by Charles Demuth
Oil on canvas, 1921
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Georgia O’KeeffeNovember 15, 1887- March 6, 1986
•Known for her abstract paintings of flowers, rocks, shells, animal bones and landscapes
•Of Mexican decent, but born in Wisconsin.
•Attended School of the Art Institute of Chicago, later became an elementary art school teacher
•During the 1920’s she moved to New York City and started to focus on oil paintings, particularly of landscapes and architecture.
•By the mid-20’s she was known as one of America’s most important artists
•Her works usually sold for around $25,000
•During the late 20’s, she moved to New Mexico for new inspiration
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The following slides are some of Georgia
O’Keeffe’s most famous artworks
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Ram's Head White Hollyhock and Little Hills,
1935
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White Trumpet Flower 1887-1986
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Jack-in-the-Pulpit No. IV 1930
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Radiator Building by night 1926
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Edward Hopper
• Born in Nyack, New York
• In 1905, be became an illustrator for a magazine, yet grew to hate the job
• Traveled to Europe from time to time for inspiration
• Most popular for his oil paintings; however, he was also skilled in watercolors, printmaking, and etching
• Depicted his personal views of American modern life through his art
• Always paid close attention to geometrical shapes and proper balance of environment within his art
July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967
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The following slides are some of Edward Hopper’s most famous artworks
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Nighthawks 1942
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The Long Leg1935
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Chop Suey1829
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American Scene Painting/ Regionalism
• Most known for having a “natural” style of painting
• Depicts everyday American life
• Regionalists had a simple way of painting
• Most created works of art of rural landscapes, small towns, and simple people
• Some famous American Scene painters are Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, and John Steuart Curry
Stone City By Grant Wood
1930
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Grant Wood• born in Anamosa, Iowa
• Was an apprentice in a metal shop, enrolled in an art school in Minneapolis in 1910
• he became a school teacher, and later attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago
• Best known for his paintings depicting the American Midwest
• made trips to Europe and was influenced by Jan Van Eyck
• Helped to found Stone City Art Colony, a small town near his hometown, that helped artists get through the Great Depression
• Grant Wood later went on to teach at University of Iowa's School of Art in 1934
• He died of liver cancer the day before his 51st birthday
February 13, 1891 – February 12, 1942
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The following slides are some of Grant Wood’s most famous artworks
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Spring In Town
1941
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Fall Plowing 1931
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American Gothic
1930
*** FUN FACT
Grant Wood’s sister, Nan Wood Graham is the woman modeling in this famous piece
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Thomas Hart Benton• Benton was born in Neosho, Missouri• He enrolled at the Art Institute of Chicago, but
left for Paris in 1909 to continue his art education at the Académie Julian
• He returned to New York in 1913 and worked as a draftsman for the Navy, which changed his style of painting significantly.
• On December 24, 1934, Benton was featured on the first color cover of Time magazine.
• Benton taught at the Art Students League of New York from 1926 to 1935 and at the Kansas City Art Institute from 1935 to 1941
• Jackson Pollack, a famous abstract artist, was one of his students
• In 1937, he published his critically acclaimed autobiography, An Artist in America, which was praised by Sinclair Lewis: “Here’s a rare thing, a painter who can write.”
• Benton’s sculpture like paintings depicted everyday life in the United States.
April 15, 1889 - January 19, 1975
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The following slides are some of Thomas Hart Benton’s most famous
artworks
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People of Chilmark 1920
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The Twist 1964
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Parks, the Circus, the Klan, the
Press
1933
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Fisherman at Sunset 1947
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Photography• Before the 1920’s “dry-plate” and
“wet-plate” negatives , which made picture taking less cumber some, were used– These never became quite popular
• in 1920, plastic based films were produced, which became very popular
• Different paper used to print the photographs were used– Glass plates and salted paper
• Non curling paper and non flammable plastic based film were key improvements in the 1920’s
• Color film will be developed later in the 1930’s
• Some famous photographers of the 1920’s included Ansel Adams and Man Ray
Ansel Adams
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Man Ray• Born in South Philly, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania• Birth name: Emmanuel Radnitzky
– when he acquired the nickname “Manny,” he changed his name to Man Ray for short
• Described by most as a modernist• Lived in New York for some time, yet
spent most of his life in Paris, France• Met Alice Prin, in France, who became a
model for many of his works• Known for his avant-grade, or
experimental, photography of fashion and portraits
• Apart from photography, Man Ray was also a painter, sculptor, and collage artist
• He also experimented with short films• In 1963 he published his autobiography,
Self-Portrait
August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976
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The follow
ing
slides are
some of
Man Ray’s
most famou
s
artworks
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Les Champs Délicieux
1976
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Iron
Date unknown
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Noire et Blanche 1926
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Glass Tears 1926
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Abstract Expressionism• Post World War II art movement• “energetic” and “rebellious” style• Described as “action painting”• Usually used vibrant, bright
colors, on large canvases• major centers of this style were
New York City, and the San Francisco Bay area of California.
• Some of the most famous Abstract artists included Jackson Pollack, Barnett Newman, Williem de Kooning, and Hans Hofmann
• We are in the process of making the world, to a certain extent, in our own image.“-Barnett Newman
Onement Barnett Newmann
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Jackson Pollack• born in Cody, Wyoming• In 1930 he moved to New York and
studied under Thomas Hart Benton• In 1945 he married Lee
Krasner, another abstract artist• Pollock was introduced to the use of
liquid paint in 1936, at an experimental workshop operated in New York City
• he began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and developed what was later called his "drip" technique
• He was nicknamed “Jack the Dipper” after his techniques
• Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint is thought to be one of the origins of the term action painting
• His style was focused on the movement of his hand and how the paint absorbed into the canvas
• Jackson numbered his paintings because he thought titles distracted from the art
January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956
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The following slides are some of Jackson
Pollack’s most famous artworks
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Number 18
1956
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Number 8 1949
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Number 1 (Lavender Mist)
1950
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Willem de Kooning• Most known for his abstract paintings• born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands • He attended the Rotterdam Academy of
Fine Arts and Techniques for eight years• In 1926, De Kooning entered the United
States as a stowaway on a British freighter, the SS Shelly, to Newport News, Virginia
• He supported himself as a housepainter until he moved into his own studio in 1927
• Kooning is known for his bold style• He overlaps objects to create dimension
throughout the work• Kooning focuses most of his painting on
human figures as well as landscapes• His paintings sell for millions of dollars
April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997
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The following slides are some of Willem de
Kooning’s most famous artworks
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Woman V 1952
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Excavation 1950
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No title
1988
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Asheville
1948
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Genre Works• Also called “realists”• Represented scenes of everyday life
– Usually of markets, parties, streets, inns…etc.
• Ordinary people doing common activities
• Paintings were usually not as colorful as other styles of the period
• Genre works generally have a more realists look to them compared to abstract and surrealism
• Some of the most famous genre artists of the period include George Luks and Charles Hawthorne
Peasant Dance, 1568, oil on wood, by Pieter Brueghel
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George LuksAugust 13, 1867- October 29, 1933
• Born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania• Luks studied at the Pennsylvania Academy
before he traveled though Europe where he attended several art schools
• returned to Philadelphia in 1893 where he was an illustrator for the Philadelphia Press
• Was part of a group of artists that called each other “the Philadelphia Five”
– Later became “the Eight” when three other members joined
• Painted scenes of everyday life– Most famous for his scenes of life in
New York City• Very skilled at capturing gestures, as well
as background details• Was known for being a rebel; his friends
adored him because of his humor and the way he inspired them
• "I'm George Luks, and I'm a rare bird. You people stick with me and you'll have a good time."
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The following slides are some of George Luk’s most famous artworks
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Street Scene (Hester Street ) 1905
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In the Steerage 1900
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New York City
Date unknown
When using an art grid technique, you find that the focal point of the painting is where the mother is tugging on the little boy’s ear. Notice that certain heads in the painting are turned toward this scene to bring your eyes into the center.
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Charles Hawthorne• American portrait and Genre
Painter• Born in Maine• Worked in a stain glass
factory in New York• Studied abroad in both
Holland and Italy• Traveled to France from time
to time• Founded the Cape Cod
School of Art in 1899• Norman Rockwell was one of
his students• Known for his tones and
values in oil paintings
January 8, 1872 – November 29, 1930
Self portrait of Charles Hawthorne when he was young
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The following slides are some of Charles
Hawthorne’s most famous artworks
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Crew of the Philomena Manta 1915
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Girl in the Yellow Scarf 1904
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A Study in White 1925
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thank you for watching our presentation, we
hoped you enjoyed it and learned more about art
of the 1920’s
The End