Art of Characterization, Compare and Contrast Swamp Dwellers and Waiting for Godot
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Transcript of Art of Characterization, Compare and Contrast Swamp Dwellers and Waiting for Godot
Characterization
in The Swamp
Dwellers and
Waiting for Godot
Paper: 14The African Literature
Prepared by: Jinal ParmarDrashti MehtaGoswami GayatriHitesh ParmarJayshree KunchalaKaushalkumar Desai
Roll No:7 to 12
Sem:4
Submitted to: Smt. S.B. Gardi, Department of English, Maharaja KrishnakumarsinghjiBhavnagar UniversityBhavnagar UniversityBhavnagar(Gujarat-India)Guided By: Heenaba Zala
Samuel Beckett Wole Soyinka
Art of Characterization
Waiting for Godot
Estragon
Vladimir
Lucky
Pozzo
Godot
Messenger Boy
The Swamp Dwellers
Igwezu
Awuchick
Kadiye
Blind beggar
Makuri
Alu
Definition: Characterization
To describe the character of… or be a characteristics of…(Oxford Dictionary)
Establishing the distinctive characters of the persons in a narrative by Showing and Telling.
In Showing, the author simply presents the characters talking and acting, and leaves it entirely up to the reader to infer the motives and disposition that lie behind what they say and do. The author may show not only external speech and actions, but also character’s inner thoughts, feelings and responsiveness to events; for highly developed mode of such inner showing.
In Telling, the author intervenes authoritatively in order to describe, an d often to evaluate, the motives and dispositional qualities of the character.(M. H. Abrams- A Glossary of Literary Terms)
Characters
Swamp Dwellers –Igwezu and Blind Beggar
Waiting For Godot Estragon- Vladimir, Pozzo-
Lucky
Waiting For Godot
There are six characters
Estragon an d Vladimir
Pozzo and Lucky- Master slave relationship
Godot- Messenger boy
First• The parents Makuri and Alu conservative
second
• The corrupt priest Kadiye, who beguils his superstitious followers
Third
• the two positive individuals Igwezu and the Begger moving, wondering, seeking and then uncertain what they have found
In The Swamp Dwellers Characters fell into to
three groups
Swamp Dwellers
There are only two important characters in the play, which need illustration. All the other
characters play but a minor role. Therefore the researcher is going to analyze only two characters
Igwezu and the Blind Beggar.
Existentialism
Absurdity
Decolonization
Ideology
Igwezu: He is the protagonist of the play and the real son of the land.
He has great reverence for
the tradition of the swamps. Moreover, he is kind and loving man
He has performed all religious rites that were required by the deity, in order to save his farm and family from the divinely calamities.
But to his utter
disappointment he could neither save his farm nor his family from the destruction. Flood runs
down his crop and his own brother Awuchike seduces his wife.
But being a modern tragedy wherein good scarcely wins,
Igwezu loses all the time. Through his character the playwright certainly not shaking the belief in
God, but raising a question about efficaciousness of religious practices.
The Blind Begger: “Angel from the God,’ would probably correct words for this character. For
he comes in as a saviour in the inescapable condition of Igwezu.
A man having EYES, having Vision, but actually blind
His is a character that eclipses the importance of the protagonist Igwezu.
For his suffering is much more than Igwezu.
Not just that his positive stance and self belief in the adverse conditions make him altogether a different character.
He belongs to the dry north part of Nigeria.
And has undergone long periods of draught and later on the crop-flourish has been divested by the locusts.
Fly – sickness in the
early childhood renders him blind.
His character is strongly contrasted with the character of the Kadiye the village priest.
The beggar gives himself selflessly and unasked for the good of others.
Thus the character of the beggar re-establishesfaith among the people and not destroys it.
•Soyinka's themes are echoes of those of Samuel Beckett. His characters are
gripped by the same hopelessness in which Beckett's characters find
themselves.
• A close reading of Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Soyinka's The Swamp
Dwellers from the perspective of myth critics like Jung, Frye and Kluckhohn
shows a striking similarity in the playwrights' delineation of the human
condition of desolate reality and the quest for salvation, yet remarkable
contrasts in cultural and spiritual concepts and worldviews.
•Soyinka uses in his play through the incorporation of the African idiom,
myth and ritual from which he explores the absurdity of the human condition
against the background of African belief systems.
•Whereas Beckett employs the modernist avant-garde theatrical techniques
and Christian concepts to present the absurdity of human existence.
• The wealthy Pozzo parallels the capitalist Awuchike who takes advantage
of man's wretchedness to exploit others.
•The characters in both plays, therefore, live a tragic and meaningless
existence in which human experience is futile.
•The characters in The Swamp Dwellers are confronted with similar ordeals as
those in Waiting for Godot
The prime victim is Igwezu, an ideal son of the Swamps whose dependence
on supernal assistance for a meaningful existence leads him to frustration.
•The central issue in both plays is on the question of salvation
• The characters in both plays find themselves in the face of misery, an
uncompromising situation without any defined pattern, highlighting chaos as
the dominating force in the world with no question to be asked and no where
to go.From an understanding of the gruesome realities of human existence,
Samuel Beckett and Wole Soyinka see humanity in continual need for
salvation.
•Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Soyinka's The Swamp Dwellers that while in
existence which origin is obscure, essence can be determined by individual
choice and freewill, hence individual salvation
•Lucky in Godot and the blind Beggar in Swamp Dwellers stand out distinctly
as representations of individual salvation.
•In both the plays the main difference, putting aside other factors, is in the
psychological presentation of characters.
• Soyinka's hero makes considerable personal efforts to survive and all he
seeks is the protection of the heavens over his achievements.
• On the contrary, Becketts's tramps are unable to do anything for themselves
but wait for an illusory Godot to deliver salvation to them.
Setting
Urban and Rural life in the Swamp Dwellers
Unity of Time, Place and Action is followed
Waiting For Godot Country road side
Unity of Time, place and Action is not followed
In both plays some characters are waiting Alu-Makuri
Master Slave Relationship
Alu-Makuri
Desala-Igwezu-Auwchike
Kadiye- Blind Begger
Pozzo-Lucky
Women Characters
Waiting for Godot- no women characters are
presented
Swamp Dwellers- Characters of Alu and
Desala - passive characters
Feminist Perspective
Religion- Faith
Character of Serpent- divine- Kadiye- offers
animals for sacrifice to the divine Serpant
Gods- myth
Ogun- Iron
Sango- lightning
Obatala- human forms
Waiting
Waiting For Godot- Theme of waiting
Sawmp Dwellers- Theme of Waiting
Life style in both plays
SettingSwamp Dwellers : The play is set in the hut of Makuri and Alu in a
village of the Delta region of south –
east Nigeria. This region is periodically flooded with waters of river Niger. Thedescription of
the hut with its minute peculiarities adds greater dramatic effect. The insidedetailing of the hut –
rush – baskets, ‘a dire cloths and barber’s equipments, reminds one of theideal pictures of huts
in India. The play opens and ends in this hut.
The swamp Dwellers is a realistic tragedy of the people living in Delta region.Therefore
it is shadowed with grave atmosphere.
Waiting For Godot: Two tramps are waiting by a sickly looking tree for the arrival of Mr. Godot. The setting of the play evening time, country road, a tree . Characters changing their Hat , Shoes. Pozzo and Lucky’s arrival. Messenger boy gives message about Mr. Godot. Estragon an d Vladimir decides to do suicide but never does so and they wants to leave first but till the end they wait
Setting
Dialect
Swamp Dwellers Nigerian dialect
Waiting for Godot Irish written in French and
translated by Beckett in English
Compare and contrast in both the
Plays: In the Swamp Dwellers there are women characters present
In Waiting for Godot there are no women characters
In the Swamp Dwellers there is nothing about Master Slave relationship
In the Waiting for Godot there is Master slave relationship between Pozzo and Lucky
In both plays characters are waiting
The Swamp Dwellers have a good beginning a middle and an end.
There’s no identifiable beginning, middle, and end in Waiting For Godot
In Waiting for Godot Pozzo gets blind and Lucky Dumb where as in Swamp Dwellers the beggar’s character is portrayed as a blind