Art History-19 Century Birth of “Isms” - Faculty...
Transcript of Art History-19 Century Birth of “Isms” - Faculty...
Art History-19th CenturyBirth of “Isms”
• Neoclassisim• Romanticism• Realism• Impressionism• Post-Impressionism
Neoclassism
• 1780-1820• Words associated with this period-virtue;
patriotism; • Tone: calm, rational• Technique: stressed drawing with lines not
color, smooth surface and glossy, no trace of brushstrokes
• ordered grids,
Neoclassical
• Values:• Order, solemnity• Subjects: Greek & Roman History• Role of Art: Morally uplifting, inspirational• Founder & leader of movement: David• French & British Academies behind,
preached that reason, not emotion, should dictate art
Oath of the Horatii
Jacque Louis David1784
Louvre, Paris, France
Romanticism
• Dramatic, emotional, violent energy; Themes-liberty power of nature; compare/associations to Baroque – ‘history repeats itself’
Romanticism
• Imaginative idealized creations• Values: Intuition, Emotion, Imagination• Inspiration: Medieval & Baroque eras,
Middle and Far East• Tone: Subjective, spontaneous,
nonconformist
Romanticism continued…
• Color: Unrestrained, deep rich shades of color
• Subjects: Legends,exotica, nature, violence• Genres: Narratives of heroic struggle,
landscapes, wild animals• Technique: Quick brushstrokes, strong
light-and-shade contrasts• Composition: Use of diagonals
Gericault (Raft of the Medusa, 1818) & Delacroix (Liberty Leading the People, 1830)
• Teacher and his student
• Gericault (Raft of the Medusa, 1818) & Delacroix (Liberty Leading the People,1830)
Early Photo-Realism
• Photo realism; tromp l’oeil-fool the eye• Ultra realistic painting, American painter
Harnett
Realism
• Unadulterated rendering; poor people in everyday situations; landscapes
Realism
• Courbet, the father of the Realist movement • Portrayed drab figures at everyday tasks• First one man show, when rejected by an art
jury built a shed to show his painting Interior of My Studio
• Burial of Ornans, • The Stone Breakers,
French Realism:
• Courbet• Corot• Millet, Barbazon School
American Realism
• Winslow Homer• Eakins
Art for art’s sake
• James McNeil Whistler• Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1,
1872, Muse d’Orsay, Paris• Nocturn in Black and Gold: the Falling
Rocket, 1875
Manet
• Often called the “Father of Modern Art”• 1832-1883• Never exhibited with the Impresionists• Striped away idealizing mythology to
portray modern life candidly• Sketchy brushwork-images appear flat and
hard
Manet, “Olympia”, 1863
“Dejeuner sue l’herbe” (1863)“ The Luncheon on the Grass”
Luncheon:
• Painting offended on moral and aesthetic grounds
• Indecent because the nude was not idealized• (nudity was only acceptable if disguised in
Classical trappings)• Based on historic art precedent, Giorgione,
Titian, • Brushstrokes, applied in broad strokes
Impressionism
• En plein air-Paint outside• Concerned with effects of light; • Dabs of pure color painted side by side• Viewer’s eye blends the colors• Shadows not black but blends of colors• Country, City associated with
Impressionism-France, Paris
Compositions
• Japanese prints and new tool influenced Impressionists; cropping-cutting off
• Camera/photography
Impressionists
• Grouped together because of way painted and concern for light
• Purpose; to portray immediate visual sensations of a scene
• Impressionists: Manet, Monet. Renior, Degas
• Also: Pizzaro, Sisley, Marisot, Casatt• 1862-1886
Impressionist subjects:
• Outdoors, seaside, Parisian streets and cafes
Post-Impressionism
• Grouped together because making art at the same time- but not because of similar style
• 1880-1905• Post Impressionists: Seurat, Toulouse-
Lautrec, Cezanne, Gauguin, van Gogh
Different styles
• Small dots of pure color on canvas, Seurat• Pointillists• Textural paint, sick man• van Gogh• Reduce to basic shapes: cone, cylinder,• Cezanne
“Starry Night”
Pointillism, Seurat, “A Sunday on La Grande Jatte” 1884-1886
Cezanne, “Still Life”
Cezanne
• Cezanne liberated art from reproducing reality by reducing reality to its basic compositions
• Cylinder, sphere, cone• To create illusions of depth placed cool
colors like blue, which seem to recede, at rear and warm colors like red, which seem to advance, in front ( Mt. St. Victoire, 1902)