Arsenic toxicology. “The King of Poisons” “The Poison of Kings”
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Transcript of Arsenic toxicology. “The King of Poisons” “The Poison of Kings”
Arsenic toxicologyArsenic toxicology
“The King of Poisons”
“The King of Poisons”
“The Poison of Kings”
“The Poison of Kings”
Arsenic HistoryArsenic History
Discovery credited to Albertus Magnus ~ 1250
Discovery credited to Albertus Magnus ~ 1250
Dartmouth Center for Environmental HealthSciences
Dartmouth Center for Environmental HealthSciences
“The Poison of Kings”
“The Poison of Kings”
Cesare Borgia Italy Middle Ages
Cesare Borgia Italy Middle Ages
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity• Inorganic: most prevalent in human toxicity
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity• Inorganic: most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As+3) – As2O3
• arsenate (As+5) – As2O5
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity• Inorganic: most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As+3) – As2O3 greater absorption, most toxic• arsenate (As+5) – As2O5
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity• Inorganic: most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As+3) – As2O3 greater absorption, most toxic• arsenate (As+5) – As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity• Inorganic: most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As+3) – As2O3 greater absorption, most toxic• arsenate (As+5) – As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2 • Organic: soil, pesticides, marine organisms generally less toxic
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity• Inorganic: most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As+3) – As2O3 greater absorption, most toxic• arsenate (As+5) – As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2 • Organic: soil, pesticides, marine organisms generally less toxic• Human exposure:
Arsenic FactsArsenic Facts
• Naturally occurring in earth’s crust > 200 mineral species soil ~ 3-4 ppm water ~ 1 ppb (> 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric – 1/3 from volcanism; 2/3 human activity• Inorganic: most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As+3) – As2O3 greater absorption, most toxic• arsenate (As+5) – As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2 • Organic: soil, pesticides, marine organisms generally less toxic• Human exposure:
Diet -- 80% (poultry, fish, meat, mushrooms), air (mining, smelting, fossil fuels), groundwater, timber treatment, pesticides, semi-conductors (GaAs)
Arsenic Toxicology
Arsenic Toxicology
• Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal problems
Arsenic Toxicology
Arsenic Toxicology
• Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal problems• Proven human carcinogen
Arsenic Toxicology
Arsenic Toxicology
• Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal problems• Proven human carcinogen
skin, bladder, kidney, lung, liver
Arsenic Exposure Standards
Arsenic Exposure Standards
• EPA 10 ppb in drinking water
Arsenic Exposure Standards
Arsenic Exposure Standards
• EPA 10 ppb in drinking water (replaced old standard 50 ppb)
Arsenic Exposure Standards
Arsenic Exposure Standards
• EPA 10 ppb in drinking water• RfD 3 x 10-4 mg/kg/day
• NOAEL 0.009 mg/L• LOAEL 0.17 mg/L
Arsenic toxicology: case studies
Arsenic toxicology: case studies
Outside MagazineOutside Magazine
Cancer cluster Churchill Country
Nevada
Cancer cluster Churchill Country
Nevada
Outside MagazineOutside Magazine
Population: Churchill County: 20,000 Fallon: 8,000
Population: Churchill County: 20,000 Fallon: 8,000
Acute leukemia:
Population: Churchill County: 20,000 Fallon: 8,000
Acute leukemia:Expected: 2
Population: Churchill County: 20,000 Fallon: 8,000
Acute leukemia:Expected: 2Observed: 16
Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
> 100 ppb As
Cancer cluster Churchill Country
Nevada
Cancer cluster Churchill Country
Nevada
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
Nevada Cancer cluster– other
possible etiologies
Nevada Cancer cluster– other
possible etiologies
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
• Benzene from jet fuel spills • tungsten, cobalt, EMF from long-range transmitter
Arsenic ComplianceArsenic Compliance
• $19 million Treatment plant constructed
Arsenic ComplianceArsenic Compliance
• $19 million Treatment plant constructed• enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration system
Arsenic ComplianceArsenic Compliance
• $19 million Treatment plant constructed• enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration system• As+3 and As+5 strongly adsorb to iron oxides
Arsenic in groundwater: Bangladesh
Arsenic in groundwater: Bangladesh
Arsenic in groundwater: Bangladesh
Arsenic in groundwater: Bangladesh
Arsenic in groundwater: Bangladesh
Arsenic in groundwater: Bangladesh
BBCBBC
UNESCOUNESCO
UNESCOUNESCO
UNESCOUNESCO
UNESCO/BBCUNESCO/BBC
Small-scale water treatment
Small-scale water treatment
• Sono filter – composite iron matrix filter
Questions? Questions?
